Relevant bibliographies by topics / Car panels

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Car panels'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Car panels"

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Nguyen, The Luong. "Effects of Using Nitrile Rubber Foam and Solar Panels on Cover for Cooling Outdoor Sparking Car." Applied Mechanics and Materials 889 (March 2019): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.889.371.

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In the summer, the cars are exposed to strong sun when it is parked outdoor without the sunscreen, it has had accelerated the auto parts, interior aging and damage. In order to prevent that exposure, the solutions showed such as car awning, car sunshade and car sunscreen etc…, the above devices showed low effectivity for car sun protection. This paper will study effects of cooling system for outdoor sparking car using solar panels cover. A new covering car with multi-layers structure attaching flexible solar panels were designed to increase effectively sun protection, the nitrile rubber foam divided the light and heat radiation of the sun, the flexible solar panel converted solar energy into electric energy and supplied for the air conditioner to regulate inside car temperature. The results showed that, at nitrile rubber foam layer thickness of 4mm, the car maximum temperature of 41.5°C was observed for solar panel-awning-nitrile rubber cover which is much lower than it is exposed directly by sun radiation and commercial cover. The six solar panels (100W) were adapted on car cover, the solar electric energy supplied enough for a mini air conditioner of 340W. Performance of cooling system using solar panels was also investigated and it showed that the temperature inside car could be down to 24°C.
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Navodariu, Nicolae, Iulian Antoniac, Robert Ciocoiu, Octavian Trante, Robert Bololoi, Diana Tabaras, Alexandru Cernea, and Sebastian Gradinaru. "A Study on Surface Wetting and Corrosion Behavior of Straightened Car Panels." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 4 (May 5, 2020): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.4.8065.

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Straightening of impact damaged car panels is a common practice when damaged area is small to medium. Common car panel straightening methods are hammering, heating and welding pins and pulling on the material using a device called a spot weld puller, so that the straightened metal sheet may have, as a consequence, its microstructure, stress and strain state altered. The aim of this research was to find how the above methods alter the corrosion behavior of the alloy used for car panel manufacture. Samples from similar damaged car panels were obtained, straightened, tested and compared to a sample from an original panel. Testing implied microstructure characterization, surface wetting investigation and corrosion testing. It was concluded that when straightening is carried out by hammering and using the spot weld puller the worst corrosion behavior is to be expected.
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Baek, Woonsang, and Duck Young Kim. "An in-Process Inspection System to Detect Noise Originating from within the Interior Trim Panels of Car Doors." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030630.

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Car body parts are sometimes responsible for irritating noise caused by assembly defects. Typically, various types of noise are known to originate from within the interior trim panels of car doors. This noise is considered to be an important factor that degrades the emotional satisfaction of the driver of the car. This research suggests an in-process inspection system consisting of an inspection workstation and a noise detection method. The inspection workstation presses down the car door trim panel by using a pneumatic pusher while microphones record the acoustic signals directly above the door trim panel and on the four sides of the workstation. The collected signals are analyzed by the proposed noise detection method after applying noise reduction. The noise detection method determines the presence of irritating noise by using noise source localization in combination with the time difference of arrival method and the relative signal strengths. The performance of the in-process noise detection system was evaluated by conducting experiments on faulty and healthy car door trim panels.
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Wang, Er Bing, Hong Zhou, Hai Qing Xu, Fang Zhang, and Jing Wang. "Vehicle Interior Low Frequency Noise Optimum Using Substructure Modal Synthesis Method." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 2206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.2206.

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Combined with the structural dynamic model of a car set up with the substructure modal synthesis method, body panels acoustic contribution was analyzed to reduce the in-car structural noise in low frequency range. The driver-right-ear position was selected as acoustic response point, with the operational vibration response of the dynamic model as boundary condition for acoustic BEM (boundary element model), the panels that attribute most to the in-car noise were located according to ATV (acoustic transfer vector) results. After the vibrational restraint of the crucial panels by corresponding experimental measurement, in idling, the most decrease of main peaks is 5.7dB; the overall level of in-car noise is reduced by 3.89dB. It indicates that the substructure mode synthesis method can provide proper suggestion for optimizing in-car structural noise.
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Lavrukhin, O., V. Zapara, H. Baulina, Y. Zapara, and A. Kyman. "Rationalization of the Use of Alternative Rolling Stock for Transportation of Vegetable Cargo with Insufficient Number of Grain Hoppers." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.3 (September 15, 2018): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.3.19796.

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The main problems of transportation of vegetable cargo by the Ukraine railway transport are considered. It was established that as grain export grows rapidly and subject to the current technical condition of the railway, the number of special rolling stock – grain hoppers – is insufficient. The article proposes using an alternative rolling stock – a covered car. The use of metal door panels in the car has been proposed to ensure the car loading without restrictions on the height of loading in the doorway space and the complete safety of the cargo with the increased use of the load capacity of covered cars. The influence of loading density of the loaded cargo on the degree of use of loading capacity and loading volume of the car was investigated when standard wooden door panels are used vs. proposed metal door panels. The study have proved significant economy of the covered car fleet during transportation of vegetable cargo with the use of metal door panels in the loading density range of the cargo from a minimum to 610 kg/m3.
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Zeng, Zhi Peng, Yan Shu Zhang, Yi Zhou, and Quan Lin Jin. "Superplastic Forming of Aluminum Alloy Car Body Panels." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 3025–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.3025.

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An experimental study on superplastic forming of a front fender of 5182 aluminum alloy is presented in this paper. Based on the shape characters of the front fender and the material experimental results, dies, heater and temperature controller for superplastic forming of the fender are designed and manufactured. The SPF results show the designed processing and dies are reasonable and feasible.
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Arieffadillah, Moch Farhan, I. Nyoman Satya Kumara, and Yoga Divayana. "The Development of Solar PV Car to Reduce Carbon Emissions from Transport Sector." Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics 5, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jeei.2021.v05.i01.p03.

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Global warming is contributed by human activities in many sectors. The sector that contributes significantly to generating carbon emissions is transportation sector. An effort to reduce carbon emissions is by utilizing PV panels on vehicle’s body surface. This paper reviews the development of vehicle-mounted PV panels around the world. The review covers technical specifications, manufacturer, and function of the PV panel on the vehicle. The objective is to get insight on the current development of vehicle with PV panels. The information presented in this paper is expected to provide updates for stakeholders in the field of renewable energy and land transportation in Indonesia. Also, this information can be used as a reference for further research on vehicle with PV panels both in Indonesia or elsewhere that are developing future environmentally-friendly vehicle. The result is a database consists of 948 vehicle which has solar PV around the body of the vehicle. 936 vehicles or about 99% were made for solar car race and only 1% for commercial and prototype. The solar PV system serves as a main or auxiliary power supply of the vehicle depending on whether they are hybrid or fully electric cars.
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Shaposhnikov, Kirill, and Mads J. Herring Jensen. "Panel Contribution Analysis Based on FEM, BEM and Numerical Green’s Function Approaches." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Acoustics 26, no. 03 (September 2018): 1850037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591728518500378.

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The panel acoustic contribution analysis is used to determine the contribution of vibrating panels to the noise level inside closed spaces like a car cabin. The use of numerical techniques makes it possible to rate the panels according to their contributions accounting for the interaction between the structural vibrations and the acoustic pressure at a listening point. We consider the application of the finite and boundary element methods and the numerical Green’s function approaches to the problem and discuss the pros and cons regarding their use. The results show that the numerical Green’s function approach coupled to structure can be effectively used for the panel contribution analysis in situations with multiple panels and few listening points.
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Gnatov, Andrey, and Schasyana Argun. "New Method of Car Body Panel External Straightening: Tools of Method." International Journal of Vehicular Technology 2015 (July 26, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/192958.

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Recently repair and recovery vehicle body operations become more and more popular. A special place here is taken by equipment that provides performance of given repair operations. The most interesting things are methods for recovery of car body panels that allow the straightening without disassembling of car body panels and damaging of existing protective coating. Now, there are several technologies for repair and recovery of car body panels without their disassembly and dismantling. The most perspective is magnetic-pulse technology of external noncontact straightening. Basics of magnetic-pulse attraction, both ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic thin-walled sheet metal, are explored. Inductor system calculation models of magnetic-pulse straightening tools are presented. Final analytical expressions for excited efforts calculation in the tools under consideration are introduced. According to the obtained analytical expressions, numerical evaluations of excited forces were executed. The volumetric epures of the attractive force radial distributions for different types of inductors were built. The practical testing of magnetic-pulse straightening with research tools is given. Using the results of the calculations we can create effective tools for an external magnetic-pulse straightening of car body panels.
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Yang, Lu Lu, Hui Min Zhang, and Meng Li. "CAE Optimization of Hot Runner Sequential Injection Molding for Car Interior Trim Panels." Advanced Materials Research 221 (March 2011): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.221.460.

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In the injection molding of large and thin plastics parts, multiple gates are used, so many weld lines would generate because melted plastic has more than two directions of flow. The existence of weld 1ine harms not only appearance, but also the mechanical properties of products. The paper studied the method of sequential injection to solve this problem. Taking car door trim panels for example, the flow simulations were done by Moldflow software. Conventional hot runner injection and sequential hot runner injection, different gating locations were compared. Optimization result was got. It was proven that sequential injection system can improve the quality of the surface (especially the weld 1ine) and the performance of the actual products thereby this can be guiding significance for the practical production.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Car panels"

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Heap, Graham Stewart. "Geometric estimation of strains in car body panels." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1988. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32802.

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The thesis focuses on the manufacture of car body panels at Austin Rover and in particular the phenomenon of spring-back. After pressing of a shallow drawn panel its shape is often flatter than required. This loss of shape control corresponds to areas of small strains. The aim of the thesis is to describe the generation of a database of small strain information at discrete points on a drawn panel, which could be used in the numerical modelling of the drawing process.
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Wennberg, David. "Multi-Functional Composite Design Concepts for Rail Vehicle Car Bodies." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Järnvägsgruppen, JVG, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122391.

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Structures and material combinations, tailored for multiple purposes, are within the reach of vehicle manufacturers. Besides reducing the environmental impact of the transportation sector these multi-functional structures can reduce costs, such as development, manufacturing and maintenance, and at the same time offer improved comfort to the passengers. This thesis sets out to develop multi-functional design algorithms and evaluate concepts for future composite high speed train car bodies with the objective of optimising the amount of mass needed to fulfil all functions of the structure. In a first step complete composite car bodies were developed, optimised and evaluated based on global stiffness requirements and load cases. The knowledge gained in this step was used as requirements for the strength and stiffness of panels during the continued development of the multi-functional optimisation which, besides strength and stiffness, later also considers sound transmission, thermal insulation, geometric restrictions, manufacturability and fire safety. To be able to include fire safety in the analysis, a method for simulating the high temperature response of layered composite structures was needed, and developed. Significant weight reductions are proven when utilising carbon fibre in the load carrying structure of the vehicle, on component level as high as 60%. Structures can be made significantly thinner when using the algorithms developed in this thesis and wall thickness is reduced by 5-6 cm. Analysis carried out and extensive literature surveys also suggest significant cost savings in manufacturing, maintenance and use-phase, even thou the raw material cost can be significantly higher as compared to the conventional steel or aluminium alternatives. Results from drive cycle simulations showed that the benefit, with respect to reduced energy consumption, is in the range of 0.5-0.8% per reduced weight percentage, comparable to both automotive and air applications. The algorithms and methods established in this thesis can be directly applied for the development and analysis of future high speed train car bodies.

QC 20130521

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Pavlík, Vojtěch. "Studie vlivu radiačního vytápění a chlazení na tepelnou pohodu řidiče osobního automobilu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378278.

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This diploma thesis is focused on the matter of radiation heating, thermal comfort maintenance and setting optimal operation parameters for heating system equipped with radiation panels. The research section summarizes the effects most important for thermal comfort, methods of its determination, heat exchange distribution between the human body and its environment, and technical possibilities of heating car interiors. The central points of this work are the simulation of car interiors heated with radiation panels and the evaluation of thermal comfort with a virtual mannequin. Thermal state was determined via the equivalent temperature and thermal comfort zones diagram (method by O.H. Nilsson). Forty-two simulated scenarios led us to conclude that thermal comfort is not possible to obtain with panels exuding a maximum temperature of 43 °C and the combination of several heat sources is required. Nevertheless radiation heating considerably contributes to energy savings without the loss of thermal comfort in assessed car.
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Lanzon, Joseph, and kimg@deakin edu au. "EVALUATING LUBRICANTS IN SHEET METAL FORMING." Deakin University. Department of Science and Engineering, 1999. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040428.095238.

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The sheet metal forming process basically involves the shaping of sheet metal of various thickness and material properties into the desired contours. This metal forming process has been extensively used by the automotive industry to manufacture both car panels and parts. Over the years numerous investigations have been conducted on various aspects of the manufacturing process with varied success. In recent years the requirements on the sheet metal forming industry have headed towards improved stability in the forming process while lowering environmental burdens. Therefore the overall aim of this research was to identify a technique for developing lubricant formulations that are insensitive to the sheet metal forming process. Due to the expense of running experiments on production presses and to improve time efficiency of the process the evaluation procedure was required to be performed in a laboratory. Preliminary investigations in the friction/lubricant system identified several laboratory tests capable of measuring lubricant performance and their interaction with process variables. However, little was found on the correlation between laboratory tests and production performance of lubricants. Therefore the focus of the research switched to identifying links between the performance of lubricants in a production environment and laboratory tests. To reduce the influence of external parameters all significant process variables were identified and included in the correlation study to ensure that lubricant formulations could be desensitised to all significant variables. The significant process variables were found to be sensitive to die position, for instance: contact pressure, blank coating of the strips and surface roughness of the dies were found significant for the flat areas of the die while no variables affected friction when polished drawbeads were used. The next phase was to identify the interaction between the significant variables and the main lubricant ingredient groups. Only the fatty material ingredient group (responsible for the formation of boundary lubricant regimes) was found to significantly influence friction with no interaction between the ingredient groups. The influence of varying this ingredient group was then investigated in a production part and compared to laboratory results. The correlation between production performance and laboratory tests was found to be test dependant. With both the Flat Face Friction test and the Drawbead Simulator unaffected by changes in the lubricant formulation, while the Flat Bottom Cup test showing similar results as the production trial. It is believed that the lack of correlation between the friction tests and the production performance of the lubricant is due to the absence of bulk plastic deformation of the strip. For this reason the Ohio State University (OSU) friction test was incorporated in the lubricant evaluation procedure along with a Flat Bottom Cup test. Finally, it is strongly believed that if the lubricant evaluation procedure highlighted in this research is followed then lubricant formulations can be developed confidently in the laboratory.
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Rodeghiero, Giacomo. "Complex Anisotropic Panels and Fast Electromagnetic Imaging – CAP-FELIM." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112223.

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Le Contrôle Non Destructif (CND) de matériaux composites multicouches pour des problèmes de qualité, viabilité, sécurité et disponibilité des systèmes qui impliquent des pièces fabriquées dans les industries aéronautiques et de l’automobile est devenu une tâche essentielle aujourd’hui. L'objectif visé par cette thèse est l’imagerie électromagnétique de structures complexes multicouches anisotropes, de plus en plus utilisées dans des applications, et encore source de sérieux défis à l'étape de leur modélisation et encore plus à l'étape souvent en enfance de leur imagerie. En utilisant une vaste gamme de fréquences, qui va des courants de Foucault jusqu’aux micro-ondes, il y a un fort besoin de rendre disponibles des procédures de modélisation et d'imagerie qui sont robustes, rapides, précises et utiles à la décision des utilisateurs finaux sur des défauts potentiels, tant donc en basse fréquence (BF) (matériaux conducteurs, type fibre de carbone) qu’en haute fréquence (HF) (matériaux diélectriques, type fibre de verre). De plus, il est important d'obtenir des résultats en des temps brefs. Cependant, cela nécessite la connaissance d’une réponse précise à des sources externes aux multicouches, en considérant les couches des composites comme non endommagées ou endommagées : on parle donc de solution du problème direct, avec le cas particulier de sources élémentaires conduisant aux dyades de Green (DGF). La modélisation et la simulation numérique du problème direct sont gérés principalement via une solution au premier ordre de la formulation intégrale de contraste de source impliquant le tenseur de dépolarisation des défauts, quand ceux-ci sont assez petits vis-à-vis de l’épaisseur de peau locale (cas BF) ou de la longueur d'onde locale (cas HF). La précision des DGF doit nécessairement être assurée alors, même si les sources se situent loin de l'origine, ce qui donne un spectre de dyades qui oscille très rapidement. La technique d'interpolation-intégration dite de Padua-Domínguez est ainsi introduite dans le but d'évaluer de façon efficace des intégrales fortement oscillantes.Néanmoins, les matériaux composites peuvent souffrir de divers défauts, lors du processus de fabrication ou pendant leurs utilisations. Vides d’air, cavités remplies de liquide, fissures, etc., peuvent affecter le fonctionnement correct des structures composites. Il est donc indispensable de pouvoir détecter la présence des défauts. Ici, l’insistance est sur la méthode bien connue d’imagerie dite MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC), qui est basée sur la décomposition en valeurs singulières (SVD) des DGF ; celle-ci est développée afin de localiser les positions de multiples petits défauts volumiques en interaction faible enfouis dans des milieux anisotropes uniaxiaux. Le principal inconvénient de la méthode MUSIC est cependant sa sensibilité par rapport au bruit. Par conséquent, des méthodes MUSIC avec une résolution améliorée et la Recursively Applied and Projected (RAP) MUSIC sont introduites afin de surmonter un tel inconvénient de l'algorithme standard et de fournir des résultats de qualité avec une meilleure résolution. De nombreuses simulations numériques illustrent ces investigations
Non-Destructive Testing/Evaluation (NdT/E) of multi-layered composite materials for problems of quality, viability, safety and availability of systems involving manufactured parts (in aeronautics and in automotive industry, as a good example) has become an interesting and challenging task nowadays. The focus of the PhD thesis is on the electromagnetic (EM) imaging of complex anisotropic multi-slab composite panels as increasingly encountered in applications, yet source of strong challenges at modeling stage and even more at often-in-infancy imaging stage. From eddy-currents to microwaves, there is a strong need to make available modeling and imaging procedures that are robust, fast, accurate and useful to potential end-users’ decision about potential defects both at low-frequency (LF) (conductive materials, carbon-fiber like) and high-frequency (HF) (dielectric materials, glass-fiber like). Moreover, it is important to get the results in close-to-real-time. However, this requires an accurate response to external sources of the multilayers, considering the layers which these composite structures are made of as undamaged or damaged. The modeling at forward stage is managed via a first-order solution involving the dyadic Green’s functions (DGF) of the layers along with the depolarization tensor of the assumed defects when they are small enough vis-à-vis the skin depth (LF case) or the wavelength (HF case). The accuracy of the DGF has to be ensured even if the sources lie far away from the origin, which yields a fast-oscillating spectrum of the dyads. The Padua-Domínguez interpolation-integration technique is introduced herein in order to evaluate in an effective fashion fast-oscillating integrals.Damages or disorders, which these composite structures may suffer from, are of many kinds. One could mention voids, fluid-filled cavities or uniaxial defects with obvious impacts on the electromagnetic and geometric parameters of the multilayers. That is, the task to make available to end-users imaging algorithms tailored to detect the presence of defects. The well-known standard MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm, which is based on the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of such DGF, is here applied to localize the positions of small multiple defects with weak interaction embedded in anisotropic uniaxial media. The main drawback of MUSIC is its sensitivity with respect to the noise. Therefore, MUSIC with enhanced resolution and Recursively Applied and Projected (RAP) MUSIC are introduced to overcome such a drawback of the standard algorithm and to provide quality results with better resolution
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Huang, Biao. "The use of pseudo panel data for forecasting car ownership." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497954.

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Weierbach, Florence M. "Panel III, Care Giving Daily Care, Services, Solutions and Economics." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7372.

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Liu, Long. "Essays on measurement error, nonstationary panels and nonparametrics econometrics." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Linder, Rickard, and Lars Lagerholm. "Embedded Instrument Panel for Construction Equipment." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-14820.

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Construction equipment such as wheel loaders and dumpers are constantly getting updated with new technology when it comes to performance and fuel consumption. But the interior in the cockpit has not been exposed to any dramatic changes for decades. A modernized cockpit gives the driver a more modern feel of driving a highly technological machine, while at the same time enables for personalization. This thesis work presents a new way of improving the look and feel for displaying relevant information and also relaying information to both the driver of the machine and spectators outside. It includes a way of rerouting CAN-bus signals from a construction machine and displaying it on a tablet. The core idea with the solution is to make it as modular as possible to further improve and be able to use it in any machine available at Volvo's disposal. With this in mind, any machine could use the same software, the same hardware and still be able to fully utilize all the features that have been implemented from the thesis work. The idea and implementational results are designed as partly embedded and partly towards user interface.
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Dagdemir, Canan, and Julia Sauer. "The Use of Card Payment Instruments : A Panel Data Approach." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27161.

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The rapid growth in the use of non-cash payment instruments, specifically debit and credit cards, has become a prominent feature of modern economies. With an interest in the explanation of this phenomenon and differences in use across countries, we apply a model of payment instrument use to model the relationship between the dependent variables (total volume of card transactions, debit card transactions, and credit card transactions) and the five independent variables based on income, infrastructure, substitution, and institutional influences. We estimate the model and perform a regression analysis on a panel of 22 countries over the period 2009 to 2013. We find that crime, bank concentration, and income have positive relationship with the use of card instruments, while cash is found to be both a complement and substitute to card payments. The variable based on infrascture yields insignificant results. With the results, our purpose is to give greater insight into to the use of the card payments and the explanations for differences in use across countries.
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Books on the topic "Car panels"

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Chengdu can do. Los Angeles, CA: Disney Press, 2017.

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Practical classics & car restorer on panel beating & paint refinishing. Beckenham: Kelsey, 1990.

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American Association of Feline Practitioners. Panel report on feline senior care. Albuquerque, NM: American Association of Feline Practitioners and the Academy of Feline Medicine, 1998.

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Japanese Technology Evaluation Center (Loyola College in Maryland). JTEC/WTEC panel on rapid prototyping in Europe and Japan: Final report. Baltimore, MD: Published and Distributed by Rapid Prototyping Association of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers, in cooperation with International Technology Research Institute, Loyola College in Maryland, 1997.

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Hounjet, M. H. L. CAR 88: A method to calculate subsonic and supersonic, steady and unsteady, potential flow about complex configurations. Amsterdam: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1988.

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ill, Evans Nicola, and Lu Yijun, eds. Cai hong hua. Taibei Xian Xindian shi: Duo yuan zhi hui ke ji wen jiao shi ye gu fen you xian gong si, 2004.

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Horner, Jackie. A carers' panel: Enabling relatives to influence patient care. London: King's Fund Centre, 1992.

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Earth Observing System (Program). Cal/Val Panel. Meeting. Minutes from the fifth Cal/Val Panel meeting, Boulder. Greenbelt, Md: Earth Observing System, Project Science Office, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, 1992.

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Daniels, H. A. M. A CAD-system for the design of stiffened panels in wing box structures. Amsterdam: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1985.

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United States. President's Cancer Panel. Meeting. President's Cancer Panel meeting. [Bethesda, MD]: The Institute, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Car panels"

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Zeng, Zhi Peng, Yan Shu Zhang, Yi Zhou, and Quan Lin Jin. "Superplastic Forming of Aluminum Alloy Car Body Panels." In Materials Science Forum, 3025–28. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.3025.

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Daniel, Dominique, Gilles Guiglionda, Pierre Litalien, and Ravi Shahani. "Overview of Forming and Formability Issues for High Volume Aluminium Car Body Panels." In Materials Science Forum, 795–802. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-408-1.795.

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Inagaki, Hirosuke. "Texture Development in 6000 Series Al-Mg-Si Alloys for Car Body Panels." In Materials Science Forum, 77–84. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-443-x.77.

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Guo, Y. Q., H. Naceur, J. L. Batoz, C. Knopf-Lenoir, O. Barlet, F. Mercier, and S. Bouabdalah. "Modeling and Blank Optimum Design of Thin Car Panels Obtained by Sheet Metal Forming." In Integrated Design and Manufacturing in Mechanical Engineering ’98, 307–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9198-0_38.

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Liewald, Mathias, and Adrian Schenek. "Production of Thin Outer Skin Car Body Panels by Using Novel Short Cycle Stretch-Forming (SCS) Technology." In Advances in Automotive Production Technology – Theory and Application, 286–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62962-8_33.

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Verbeek, Marno, and Theo Nijman. "Can Cohort Data be Treated as Genuine Panel Data?" In Panel Data Analysis, 9–23. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50127-2_2.

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Bordogna, Roberto, and Richard Walker. "Panel Summary: Can Learning Guide Evolution?" In Human and Machine Perception 2, 37–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4809-6_4.

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Zheng Li, Jeremy. "Solar Panel Tracking System." In CAD, 3D Modeling, Engineering Analysis, and Prototype Experimentation, 39–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05921-1_4.

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Wan, Thomas T. H. "Multiple Group Comparison with Panel Data." In Evidence-Based Health Care Management, 177–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0795-6_10.

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Brewster, Hilary. "“She has no Idea. The Effect she can have”." In The Politics of Panem, 169–88. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-806-0_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Car panels"

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Rao, Nippani R., Dennis E. Falkowski, and Russell D. Spencer. "RTM Body Panels for Viper Sports Car." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/930468.

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Overly, Jonathan G., Rajive Dhingra, Gary A. Davis, and Sujit Das. "Environmental Evaluation of Lightweight Exterior Body Panels in New Generation Vehicles." In Future Car Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1965.

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Zong, Zhijian, Xiaoying Xi, Lili Jiang, and Binbin Yang. "Manufacturability Evaluation of Auto Panels Using Polychromatic Sets." In 2009 International Asia Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (CAR). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/car.2009.46.

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Van der Auweraer, H., B. Dierckx, C. Haberstok, R. Freymann, and S. Vanlanduit. "Structural Modelling of Car Panels Using Holographic Modal Analysis." In Noise & Vibration Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-1849.

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Chung, Yun, and Minho Chang. "Visualization of Subtle Defects of Car Body Outer Panels." In 2006 SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sice.2006.315177.

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VALEŠ, Michal, Vít NOVÁK, František TATÍČEK, Jan ŠANOVEC, and Lukáš CHRÁŠŤANSKÝ. "OUTER CAR BODY PANELS MADE OF DUAL-PHASE STEEL." In METAL 2019. TANGER Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2019.824.

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Pou, J., M. Boutinguiza, F. Quintero, F. Lusquiños, R. Soto, and M. Pérez-Amor. "Laser cutting of car interior trim panels reinforced by natural fibres." In ICALEO® 2000: Proceedings of the Laser Applications in the Automotive Industry Conference. Laser Institute of America, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5059548.

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Galer, Margaret, and Gordon R. W. Simmonds. "The Lighting of Car Instrument Panels-Drivers' Responses to Five Colours." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/850328.

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Deng, Jianghua, and Xiandong Liu. "Acoustic-Structural Sensitivity Analysis and Optimism of Car Body Multilayer Panels." In Asia Pacific Automotive Engineering Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-3711.

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Van Der Auweraer, H., P. Van Der Linden, C. Haberstok, R. Freymann, V. Linet, and D. Storer. "Experimental and Hybrid Modeling of the Medium Frequency Behaviour of Car Panels." In SIAT 2001. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-26-0041.

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Reports on the topic "Car panels"

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Kuttner, Kenneth, and Ilhyock Shim. Can Non-Interest Rate Policies Stabilize Housing Markets? Evidence from a Panel of 57 Economies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19723.

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Hall, Emma, Carol Propper, and John Van Reenen. Can pay regulation kill? Panel data evidence on the effect of labor markets on hospital performance. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13776.

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Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.

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The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.
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Rusk, Todd, Ryan Siegel, Linda Larsen, Tim Lindsey, and Brian Deal. Technical and Financial Feasibility Study for Installation of Solar Panels at IDOT-owned Facilities. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-024.

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The Smart Energy Design Assistance Center assessed the administrative, technical, and economic aspects of feasibility related to the procurement and installation of photovoltaic solar systems on IDOT-owned buildings and lands. To address administrative feasibility, we explored three main ways in which IDOT could procure solar projects: power purchase agreement (PPA), direct purchase, and land lease development. Of the three methods, PPA and direct purchase are most applicable for IDOT. While solar development is not free of obstacles for IDOT, it is administratively feasible, and regulatory hurdles can be adequately met given suitable planning and implementation. To evaluate IDOT assets for solar feasibility, more than 1,000 IDOT sites were screened and narrowed using spatial analytic tools. A stakeholder feedback process was used to select five case study sites that allowed for a range of solar development types, from large utility-scale projects to small rooftop systems. To evaluate financial feasibility, discussions with developers and datapoints from the literature were used to create financial models. A large solar project request by IDOT can be expected to generate considerable attention from developers and potentially attractive PPA pricing that would generate immediate cash flow savings for IDOT. Procurement partnerships with other state agencies will create opportunities for even larger projects with better pricing. However, in the near term, it may be difficult for IDOT to identify small rooftop or other small on-site solar projects that are financially feasible. This project identified two especially promising solar sites so that IDOT can evaluate other solar site development opportunities in the future. This project also developed a web-based decision-support tool so IDOT can identify potential sites and develop preliminary indications of feasibility. We recommend that IDOT begin the process of developing at least one of their large sites to support solar electric power generation.
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Roschelle, Jeremy, James Lester, and Judi Fusco. AI and the Future of Learning: Expert Panel Report. Digital Promise, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/106.

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This report is based on the discussion that emerged from a convening of a panel of 22 experts in artificial intelligence (AI) and in learning. It introduces three layers that can frame the meaning of AI for educators. First, AI can be seen as “computational intelligence” and capability can be brought to bear on educational challenges as an additional resource to an educator’s abilities and strengths. Second, AI brings specific, exciting new capabilities to computing, including sensing, recognizing patterns, representing knowledge, making and acting on plans, and supporting naturalistic interactions with people. Third, AI can be used as a toolkit to enable us to imagine, study, and discuss futures for learning that don’t exist today. Experts voiced the opinion that the most impactful uses of AI in education have not yet been invented. The report enumerates important strengths and weaknesses of AI, as well as the respective opportunities and barriers to applying AI to learning. Through discussions among experts about these layers, we observed new design concepts for using AI in learning. The panel also made seven recommendations for future research priorities.
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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research.  Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices.  Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed.  Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data.  Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.
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Kilumelume, Michael, Hayley Reynolds, and Amina Ebrahim. Identifying foreign firms and South African multinational enterprises: CIT-IRP5 panel v4.0. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/wtn/2021-1.

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The identification of foreign firms and South African multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the CIT-IRP5 panel has proved to be a challenge for many researchers. The CIT-IRP5 panel contains variables indicating different thresholds that determine foreign ownership. The dataset also has variables that researchers can use to identify South African MNEs. Using the approaches employed by researchers who have attempted to identify foreign firms and South African MNEs in the data, four foreign firms and MNE indicators have been added to the CIT-IRP5 panel v4.0. This technical note documents the approach followed in the creation of each indicator. This note also highlights the possible company classifications in the data and fields on the ITR14 form that can be used to identify these classifications.
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Milek, Karen, and Richard Jones, eds. Science in Scottish Archaeology: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four key headings:  High quality, high impact research: the importance of archaeological science is reflected in work that explores issues connected to important contemporary topics, including: the demography of, the nature of movement of, and contact between peoples; societal resilience; living on the Atlantic edge of Europe; and coping with environmental and climatic change. A series of large-scale and integrated archaeological science projects are required to stimulate research into these important topics. To engage fully with Science in Scottish Archaeology iv these questions data of sufficient richness is required that is accessible, both within Scotland and internationally. The RCAHMS’ database Canmore provides a model for digital dissemination that should be built on.  Integration: Archaeological science should be involved early in the process of archaeological investigation and as a matter of routine. Resultant data needs to be securely stored, made accessible and the research results widely disseminated. Sources of advice and its communication must be developed and promoted to support work in the commercial, academic, research, governmental and 3rd sectors.  Knowledge exchange and transfer: knowledge, data and skills need to be routinely transferred and embedded across the archaeological sector. This will enable the archaeological science community to better work together, establishing routes of communication and improving infrastructure. Improvements should be made to communication between different groups including peers, press and the wider public. Mechanisms exist to enable the wider community to engage with, and to feed into, the development of the archaeological and scientific database and to engage with current debates. Projects involving the wider community in data generation should be encouraged and opportunities for public engagement should be pursued through, for example, National Science Week and Scottish Archaeology Month.  Networks and forums: A network of specialists should be promoted to aid collaboration, provide access to the best advice, and raise awareness of current work. This would be complemented by creating a series inter-disciplinary working groups, to discuss and articulate archaeological science issues. An online service to match people (i.e. specialist or student) to material (whether e.g. environmental sample, artefactual assemblage, or skeletal assemblage) is also recommended. An annual meeting should also be held at which researchers would be able to promote current and future work, and draw attention to materials available for analysis, and to specialists/students looking to work on particular assemblages or projects. Such meetings could be rolled into a suitable public outreach event.
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Atkinson, Dan, and Alex Hale, eds. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.

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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings:  Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed.  Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role.  Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory.  Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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