Relevant bibliographies by topics / Car model (quarter car test rig)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Car model (quarter car test rig)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Car model (quarter car test rig)"

1

Abdullah, Bahaa-Aldin R., Mohsin N. . Hamzah, and Ammar S. Merza. "E CONTROL AND EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION ON A QUARTER-CAR TEST RIG." IRAQI JOURNAL FOR MECHANICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 20, no. 2 (June 28, 2020): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32852/iqjfmme.v20i2.494.

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In this paper a quarter-vehicle full-scale suspension test rig was designed and manufactured,the suspension is considered semi-active as the electrohydraulic (EH) damper used is fullycontrolled. This gives an indoor-based simulation tool which is important for vehicle testing;.This reduces the cost significantly with accurate results, especially when designing a newsuspension system. The aim of the current work was to build a new quarter-vehicle test rigwith expandable capabilities for diverse design objectives, also may be used for academicpurposes. The control objective was achieved by using dynamic characteristics of theelectrohydraulic (EH) damper to suppress the oscillation of the sprung mass due to roadirregularities. The test rig was constructed using a Genesis G80 (2016) suspension system.Finally, the simulation results demonstrated that the proposed controller used be able toefficiently regulate the chassis vertical oscillation under these irregularities. The experimentalresults for the quarter-car model showed good results between experimental and simulatedresults, where the proportion of conformity about 95%
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Abdullah, Bahaa-Aldin R., Mohsin N. . Hamzah, and Ammar S. . Merza. "E CONTROL AND EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION ON A QUARTER-CAR TEST RIG." IRAQI JOURNAL FOR MECHANICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 20, no. 2 (June 28, 2020): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32852/iqjfmme.v20i2.495.

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In this paper a quarter-vehicle full-scale suspension test rig was designed and manufactured,the suspension is considered semi-active as the electrohydraulic (EH) damper used is fullycontrolled. This gives an indoor-based simulation tool which is important for vehicle testing;.This reduces the cost significantly with accurate results, especially when designing a newsuspension system. The aim of the current work was to build a new quarter-vehicle test rigwith expandable capabilities for diverse design objectives, also may be used for academicpurposes. The control objective was achieved by using dynamic characteristics of theelectrohydraulic (EH) damper to suppress the oscillation of the sprung mass due to roadirregularities. The test rig was constructed using a Genesis G80 (2016) suspension system.Finally, the simulation results demonstrated that the proposed controller used be able toefficiently regulate the chassis vertical oscillation under these irregularities. The experimentalresults for the quarter-car model showed good results between experimental and simulatedresults, where the proportion of conformity about 95%.
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3

Yu, Min, Simos A. Evangelou, and Daniele Dini. "Model Identification and Control for a Quarter Car Test Rig of Series Active Variable Geometry Suspension." IFAC-PapersOnLine 50, no. 1 (July 2017): 3376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.529.

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Kou, Fa Rong. "Sky-Hook Control of Vehicle Active Suspension with Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.30.

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A kind of vehicle active suspension based on Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (EHA) is put forward. The suspension system consists of two parts: spring and actuator with controlled force. The actuator includes hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic pump, controller, etc. In this paper, a quarter-car dynamic model is exactly established involving bond graph models of EHA parts. Under the input conditions of the given road profile and designed sky-hook controller, The prototype and test rig of EHA active suspension are developed and bench tests are carried out. The simulation and experimental results show that sky-hook active suspension with EHA provides better ride comfort, handling and stability than passive suspension.
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Konoiko, Aleksey, Allan Kadhem, Islam Saiful, Navid Ghorbanian, Yahya Zweiri, and M. Necip Sahinkaya. "Deep learning framework for controlling an active suspension system." Journal of Vibration and Control 25, no. 17 (June 5, 2019): 2316–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546319853070.

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In this paper, a feed-forward deep neural network (DNN) and automated search method for optimum network structure are developed to control an active suspension system (ASS). The network was trained through supervised learning using the backpropagation algorithm. The training data were generated from an optimal proportional–integral–derivative controller tuned based on a full state feedback optimal controller. The trained network was implemented in an ASS test rig for a quarter-car model and was initially tested in simulation under parameter uncertainties. Experimental results showed that the developed DNN controller outperforms the optimal controller under uncertainties in terms of reducing the sprung mass acceleration and actuator energy consumption, with a 4% and 14% reduction, respectively.
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Buckner, Gregory D., Karl T. Schuetze, and Joe H. Beno. "Intelligent Feedback Linearization for Active Vehicle Suspension Control." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 123, no. 4 (July 3, 2000): 727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1408945.

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Effective control of ride quality and handling performance are challenges for active vehicle suspension systems, particularly for off-road applications. Off-road vehicles experience large suspension displacements, where the nonlinear kinematics and damping characteristics of suspension elements are significant. These nonlinearities tend to degrade the performance of active suspension systems, introducing harshness to the ride quality and reducing off-road mobility. Typical control strategies rely on linear, time-invariant models of the suspension dynamics. While these models are convenient, nominally accurate, and tractable due to the abundance of linear control techniques, they neglect the nonlinearities and time-varying dynamics present in real suspension systems. One approach to improving the effectiveness of active vehicle suspension systems, while preserving the benefits of linear control techniques, is to identify and cancel these nonlinearities using Feedback Linearization. In this paper the authors demonstrate an intelligent parameter estimation approach using structured artificial neural networks that continually “learns” the nonlinear parameter variations of a quarter-car suspension model. This estimation algorithm becomes the foundation for an Intelligent Feedback Linearization (IFL) controller for active vehicle suspensions. Results are presented for computer simulations, real-time experimental tests, and field evaluations using an off-road vehicle (a military HMMWV). Experimental results for a quarter-car test rig demonstrate 60% improvements in ride quality relative to baseline (non-adapting) control algorithms. Field trial results reveal 95% reductions in absorbed power and 65% reductions in peak sprung mass acceleration using this IFL approach versus conventional passive suspensions.
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Lozia, Zbigniew, and Piotr Zdanowicz. "Simulation assessment of the half-power bandwidth method in testing shock absorbers." Open Engineering 11, no. 1 (December 12, 2020): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0011.

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AbstractThe work deals with usability of the half-power bandwidth method in the diagnostic testing of automotive shock absorbers. In all the simulation tests, the front and rear suspension system of a present-day medium-classmotor car was considered. At the first stage, calculations were made in the frequency domain for a linear “quarter-car” model with two degrees of freedom; then, simulations were carried out in the time domain with using a similar but strongly nonlinear model. In the latter case, actual characteristics (corresponding to those obtained from test rig measurements) of shock absorber damping, suspension and tire elasticity, sliding friction in the suspension, and “wheel hop” were considered. The calculations were carried out every time for twelve levels of viscous damping in the suspension system, which made 48 calculation series in total. The factors of gain in the vertical force between the tester’s vibration plate and the vehicle tire (relative to the input force applied) and the dimensionless coefficients of viscous damping in the suspension system, determined by the half-power bandwidth method, were thoroughly analyzed. The calculation results were presented in graphical form. Attention was also paid to the distortions caused by the force of inertia of the tester’s vibration plate.
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Raizada, Ayush, Pravin Singru, Vishnuvardhan Krishnakumar, and Varun Raj. "Development of an Experimental Model for a Magnetorheological Damper Using Artificial Neural Networks (Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm)." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2016 (August 18, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7027259.

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This paper is based on the experimental study for design and control of vibrations in automotive vehicles. The objective of this paper is to develop a model for the highly nonlinear magnetorheological (MR) damper to maximize passenger comfort in an automotive vehicle. The behavior of the MR damper is studied under different loading conditions and current values in the system. The input and output parameters of the system are used as a training data to develop a suitable model using Artificial Neural Networks. To generate the training data, a test rig similar to a quarter car model was fabricated to load the MR damper with a mechanical shaker to excite it externally. With the help of the test rig the input and output parameter data points are acquired by measuring the acceleration and force of the system at different points with the help of an impedance head and accelerometers. The model is validated by measuring the error for the testing and validation data points. The output of the model is the optimum current that is supplied to the MR damper, using a controller, to increase the passenger comfort by minimizing the amplitude of vibrations transmitted to the passenger. Besides using this model for cars, bikes, and other automotive vehicles it can also be modified by retraining the algorithm and used for civil structures to make them earthquake resistant.
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Zhu, Xiaojing, Donghong Ning, Zhuonan Hao, Hui Huang, Yan Zhi Sun, Hong Jia, Shuaishuai Sun, Tianhong Yan, and Weihua Li. "Modelling and experimental evaluation of a variable stiffness MR suspension with self-powering capability." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 32, no. 13 (January 11, 2021): 1473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20986994.

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This paper presents the modelling and experimental evaluation of a semi-active vehicle suspension installed with a self-powered MR damper which is able to perform variable stiffness. Its variable stiffness feature as well as the self-powering capability was evaluated and verified using a hydraulic Instron test system. The testing results show that the stiffness of the damper is dependent on the current which can be generated by the self-powering component. A mathematic model was established to describe the dynamic properties of the MR damper and its power-generating capability. Finally, the self-powered MR suspension was installed on a quarter car test rig for its vibration isolation evaluation. A controller based on the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) was developed for the stiffness control. The evaluation result illustrates that the proposed MR damper can reduce the acceleration and displacement of the sprung mass by 16.8% and 21.4% respectively, compared with the passive system.
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Unuh, H., P. Muhamad, F. Yakub, M. A. Ismail, and Z. Tanasta. "Experimental Validation to a Prototype Magnetorheological (MR) Semi-Active Damper for C-Class Vehicle." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 3 (October 3, 2019): 7034–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.3.2019.15.0527.

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In this study, a semi-active damper with OEM technical standard featuring MR fluid was fabricated to assess its use as potential reinforcement in enhancing c-class vehicle ride comfort. The finite element modelling was employed to investigate the capability of the MR semi-active damper prototype design in altered the damping utilizing unique rheological properties of MR fluid. The quarter car test rig completes with DYTRAN accelerometer and LMS Scadas mobile was operated to measure the RMS sprung mass acceleration of the MR semi-active damper prototype caused by a 5cm sinusoidal bump at speed of 10km/h. The finite element modelling gave the best representation of the ability of the design to manifest the shear stress development of MR fluid used. Indeed, the MR semi-active damper model prototype was able to enhance ride comfort by decreasing the acceleration of sprung mass compare to OEM passive damper. It was found that the applied current had the greatest influence on RMS sprung mass acceleration when measured over a range of frequency.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Car model (quarter car test rig)"

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Jaroš, Petr. "Konstrukce 1/4 modelu vozidla pro testy tlumičů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442802.

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This thesis deals by the design of 1/4 car model for testing vehicle dampers, which can be used to simulate the real suspension of a vehicle wheel (up to a maximum car weight of 1,970 kg) and the so-called linear wheel suspension. A linear mathematical 1/4 car model with 2 DOF (Degrees Of Freedom) and data from literature search are used to design and derive the basic parameters of the device. The thesis contains a description of the linear mathematical model and its outputs (acceleration of the sprung mass and forces acting on the sprung mass), description of designed device, descriptions of created simulations (static, modal and harmonic analysis in ANSYS Workbench 2020 R2) and conceptual design of the modifications this device for another possible use for testing of bicycles.
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Dambrosio, Antonello. "Design and development of a quarter car test rig." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12221/.

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Il presente lavoro di tesi ha come obiettivo la progettazione di un banco prova per un quarto di veicolo e la realizzazione di un generatore di segnale in grado di inviare segnali di ingresso ad un attuatore idraulico il quale sarà utilizzato per eccitare la ruota in modo da simulare il profilo stradale. La fase di progettazione è stata svolta utilizzando il software Solidworks. In seguito sono state eseguite simulazioni per l’analisi strutturale e di frequenza di alcune parti del banco tramite l’utilizzo del software Ansys. Terminata la fase di progetto, il modello Solidworks è stato importato in ambiente Simulink utilizzando i blocchi di modellazione della piattaforma Simscape/SimMechanics, in modo da effettuare un'analisi dinamica del modello. L’ultima parte dello studio riguarda la realizzazione di un generatore di segnale in grado di ricevere il segnale di feedback proveniente dal servo controller dell’attuatore. Il generatore è stato realizzato utilizzando il micro controllore Arduino Uno. Tale dispositivo, grazie alle sue potenzialità, ha permesso la generazione di un segnale sinusoidale a diverse ampiezza e frequenze in modo da coprirne un certo campo di valori in base alla richiesta. Inoltre tale sistema è in grado di ricevere il segnale di feedback dal servo controller dello shaker in modo tale da leggerne il valore e monitorarlo in tempo reale sul PC. I risultati di questo studio mostrano che il Quarter car test rig progettato è una piattaforma in grado di studiare il comportamento dinamico dei sistemi sospensivi, la cui struttura si rende capace di poter testare diverse tipologie di sospensioni e pesi di veicolo, rappresentando un solido punto di partenza per una futura realizzazione fisica del banco.
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Ziegenmeyer, Jonathan Daniel. "Estimation of Disturbance Inputs to a Tire Coupled Quarter-car Suspension Test Rig." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32806.

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In this study a real-time open loop estimate of the disturbance displacement input to the tire and an external disturbance force, representing handling and aerodynamic forces, acting on the sprung mass of a quarter-car suspension test rig was generated. This information is intended for use in active control methods applied to vehicle suspensions. This estimate is achieved with two acceleration measurements as inputs to the estimator; one each on the sprung and unsprung masses. This method is differentiated from current disturbance accommodating control, bilinear observers, and preview control methods. A description of the quarter-car model and the experimental test rig is given. The equations of motion for the quarter-car model are derived in state space as well as a transfer function form. Several tests were run in simulation to investigate the performance of three integration techniques used in the estimator. These tests were first completed in continuous time prior to transforming to discrete time. Comparisons are made between the simulated and estimated displacement and velocity of the disturbance input to the tire and disturbance force input to the sprung mass. The simulated and estimated dynamic tire normal forces are also compared. This process was necessary to select preliminary values for the integrator transfer function to be implemented in real-time. Using the acceleration measurements from the quarter-car test rig, a quarter-car parameter optimization for use in the estimator was performed. The measured and estimated tire disturbance input, disturbance input velocity, and dynamic tire normal force signals are compared during experimental tests. The results show that the open loop observer provides estimates of the tire disturbance velocity and dynamic tire normal force with acceptable error. The results also indicate the quarter-car test rig behaves linearly within the frequency range and amplitude of the disturbance involved in this study. The resultant access to the disturbance estimate and dynamic tire force estimate in real-time enables pursuit of novel control methods applied to active vibration control of vehicle suspensions.
Master of Science
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Andersen, Erik. "Multibody Dynamics Modeling and System Identification for a Quarter-Car Test Rig with McPherson Strut Suspension." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33197.

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For controller design, design of experiments, and other dynamic simulation purposes there is a need to be able to predict the dynamic response and joint reaction forces of a quarter-car suspension. This need is addressed by this study through development and system identification of both a linear and a non-linear multibody dynamics McPherson strut quarter-car suspension model. Both models are developed using a method customary to multibody dynamics so that the same numerical integrator can be used to compare their respective performances. This method involves using the Lagrange multiplier form of the constrained equations of motion to assemble a set of differential algebraic equations that characterize each modelâ s dynamic response. The response of these models to a band-limited random tire displacement time array is then simulated using a Hilber-Hughes-Taylor integrator. The models are constructed to match the dynamic response of a state-of-the-art quarter-car test rig that was designed, constructed, and installed at the Institute for Advanced Learning and Research (IALR) for the Performance Engineering Research Lab (PERL). Attached to the experimental quarter-car rig was the front left McPherson strut suspension from a 2004 Porsche 996 Grand American Cup GS Class race car. This quarter-car rig facilitated acquisition of the experimental reference data to which the simulated data is compared. After developing these models their optimal parameters are obtained by performing system identification. The performance of both models using their respective optimal parameters is presented and discussed in the context of the basic linearity of the experimental suspension. Additionally, a method for estimating the loads applied to the experimental quarter-car rig bearings is developed. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for future research and applications are presented.
Master of Science
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Langdon, Justin David. "Design and Adaptive Control of a Lab-based, Tire-coupled, Quarter-car Suspension Test Rig for the Accurate Re-creation of Vehicle Response." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31224.

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The purpose of this study has two parts directed toward a common goal. First, a state-ofthe-art quarter-car test platform has been designed and constructed to offer increased testing flexibility at a reasonable cost not found commercially. With this new test rig completed, the second objective is a proof-of-concept evaluation of a well known adaptive control algorithm applied to this new quarter-car test rig for the purpose of replicating the dynamic suspension response, such as a response that was recorded during a road test. A successful application of this control algorithm on the quarter-car rig is the necessary first step toward its application on an 8-post test rig for a direct comparison to current practices. Before developing a new test rig, the current state-of-the-art in quarter-car rigs was first evaluated as well as indoor vehicle testing in general. Based on these findings, a list of desired functional requirements was defined for this new design to achieve. The new test rig was built and evaluated to determine how these goals were met and what the next steps would be to improve the rig. The study then focused on evaluating control policies used for reproducing dynamic responses on vehicle road simulators such as 4- post and 7-post shaker rigs. A least-mean squares (LMS) adaptive algorithm is introduced and applied first in software using a linear two-mass quarter-car model, and then to the actual hardware-in-the-loop quarter-car rig. The results of the study show that the resulting quarter-car test rig design is quite flexible in its ability to test a multitude of suspension designs and also its ability to accommodate new hardware in the future such as a body loaders. The study confirms that this particular implementation of the LMS algorithm is a viable option for replicating test vehicle response on an indoor quarter-car test rig. Thus, a future study to compare the use of this algorithm to the current industry standard batch processing method is possible.
Master of Science
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Egorov, Artemii. "Testování vozidla na čtyřkanálovém vertikálním simulátoru vozovky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417460.

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The object of this master thesis is testing of vehicle using four post rig. The main goal is to make a research about testing and tuning vehicle characteristics on four post rig in order to implement them for testing of TU Brno Racing’s Formula Student racecar. The main method of testing, input signals and measurement description are presented in this thesis. The different methods of analysis of testing data to find best tuning of damper and spring stiffness for different race disciplines are described. In the last part of this work, quarter car model and multibody model in MSC Adams Car is created. Input parameters of model are based on measurements from real car/ component testing, including damper characteristics and static tire radial stiffness for best fit with the characteristics of real vehicle. The measurements themselves were also described in separate chapter of this thesis. The last but not the least goal was to compare these simulations with measurements, made od real four post rig in order to decide whether car model is suitable for racecar development.
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Book chapters on the topic "Car model (quarter car test rig)"

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Brötz, Nicolas, Manuel Rexer, and Peter F. Pelz. "Mastering Model Uncertainty by Transfer from Virtual to Real System." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 35–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77256-7_4.

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AbstractTwo chassis components were developed at the Technische Universität Darmstadt that are used to isolate the body and to reduce wheel load fluctuation.The frequency responses of the components were identified with a stochastic foot point excitation in a hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) simulation environment at the hydropulser. The modelling of the transmission behaviour influence of the testing machine on the frequency response was approximately represented with a time delay of $$10\,\mathrm {ms}$$ 10 ms in the frequency range up to $$25\,\mathrm {Hz}$$ 25 Hz . This is considered by a Padé approximation. It can be seen that the dynamics of the testing machine have an influence on the wheel load fluctuation and the body acceleration, especially in the natural frequency of the unsprung mass. Therefor, the HiL stability is analysed by mapping the poles of the system in the complex plane, influenced by the time delay and virtual damping.This paper presents the transfer from virtual to real quarter car to quantify the model uncertainty of the component, since the time delay impact does not occur in the real quarter car test rig. The base point excitation directly is provided by the testing machine and not like in the case of the HiL test rig, the compression of the spring damper calculated in the real-time simulation.
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Žuraulis, Vidas, and Artūras Kilikevičius. "Quarter Car Test Rig for Extended Dynamics Research in Laboratory Conditions." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 1425–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38077-9_164.

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Mitra, Anirban C., and Nilotpal Banerjee. "A LabVIEW-Based Data Acquisition System in a Quarter Car Test Rig to Optimize Vehicle Suspension System." In Intelligent Computing and Applications, 593–601. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2268-2_60.

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Conference papers on the topic "Car model (quarter car test rig)"

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Ziegnemeyer, Jon, and Steve Southward. "Real-Time, Open-Loop Estimation of Disturbance Inputs to a Quarter-Car Model." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43769.

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A real-time open-loop estimator is proposed for predicting the dynamic road input and the external force acting on a quarter-car vehicle. This estimate is achieved using only two acceleration measurements as inputs to the estimator; one each on the sprung and unsprung masses. The proposed method is differentiated from current disturbance accommodating control and bilinear observers. A description of the quarter-car model and the experimental test rig is given. Using the acceleration measurements from the quarter-car test rig, LTI model parameters were optimized for use in the estimator. The measured and estimated tire disturbance input, disturbance input velocity, and dynamic tire force signals are compared between simulated and experimental tests. The results show that the open loop observer provides estimates of the tire disturbance velocity and dynamic tire normal force with acceptable error.
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Vahdati, Nader, Yap Fook Fah, Koh Yong Khiang, and Kiew Woon Hwee. "Advanced Suspension Systems for Wheeled Military Vehicles." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82239.

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To allow wheeled military vehicles to travel at higher speeds on off highway roads, the primary suspension system needs to be semi-active or fully active. To develop a semi-active or a fully active suspension system for wheeled military vehicles, instead of the actual vehicle, a simpler and a better controlled system, meaning a quarter car test rig was used. The quarter car test rig consists of a tire, a spring, a Magneto-Rheological fluid (MR-fluid) damper, a double wishbone suspension system, and a mass representing a quarter car chassis. This paper documents the quarter car test rig design, its mathematical model, its MATLAB simulation results, and experimental test results collected on the actual test rig with the damper in the OFF state versus the semi-active state. The Ground-hook semi-active control policy was used to control the MR-fluid damper. This control policy significantly reduces the motion of the tire at its natural frequency.
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Wang, Chunjian, Qian Wang, Jeffery Anderson, and Beshah Ayalew. "Sprung Mass Motion Emulation in a Braking Test Rig." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47691.

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This paper describes a quarter-car braking test rig that includes a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) means for emulating broader vehicle dynamic effects. The test rig utilizes actual vehicle components such as the suspension-tire assembly and braking system to accurately represent a vehicle during a braking event and a chassis dynamometer’s drum is used to simulate the longitudinal vehicle dynamics. The key problem addressed in this paper is the emulation of sprung mass motion with a commercial electromagnetic linear actuator. By accurately representing the motion, detailed effects such as load transfer that happens in a real braking process can be studied for its effect on the braking performance. The stability of the system with sprung mass emulation under different actuator control modes is analyzed. The successful and stable control scheme found is a cascaded control with a velocity tracking strategy. The workings of the test are illustrated via representative test results that include a locked-wheel braking event and a stop with an anti-lock braking system (ABS).
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Umsrithong, Anake, and Corina Sandu. "Parameter Identification and Experimental Validation of a Discrete Mass Tire Model for Uneven Rigid Terrain." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70674.

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A two-dimensional discrete mass tire model has been developed at the Advanced Vehicle Dynamics Laboratory (AVDL) at Virginia Tech to study the behavior of a tire during a transient regime such as when traversing over uneven rigid terrain (or obstacles). The accuracy of the tire model depends on the model parameters used. In this paper, the method for parameter identification using the Performance Engineering Research Laboratory (PERL) quarter car tire test rig is presented. Moreover, several experiments were conducted by using the portable tire test rig from the Intelligent Transportation Laboratory (ITL) for the tire model validation. Simulation results obtained using the tire model developed and experimental results from the parameter identification and the field tests with the portable tire test rig are presented in this paper. The simulation results show good agreement with the experimental data from tests over rectangular and triangular profile cleats, at various vehicle velocities and normal loads.
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Li, Bin, Ning Li, Xiaobo Yang, and James Yang. "In-Plane Rigid Ring-Based Tire Model: Parameter Identification, Sensitivity Analyses, and Effect on Ride Comfort." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34333.

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The tire is the main interface between the vehicle and road, and all maneuvers controlled by a driver to road vehicle are achieved by the interaction force between tire and road. In modern vehicle design, tire modeling plays an important role in effectively assessing vehicle handling, ride comfort, and road load analysis. The long term goal of this research is to develop a three-dimensional robust tire model that can be used for road load durability simulation. This work is the first step to the long term goal. This paper presents a new simplified in-plane tire model based on a traditional rigid ring tire model. The interaction between the tire and road is assumed to be patch contact. Optimization technique is used to obtain all key tire parameters of the tire model by minimizing the vertical and horizontal contact forces between the model simulation results and road test data when a tire passes a road bump. After the parameters are identified, a full factorial design of experiments with three levels for each of 8 parameters (horizontal spring stiffness and damper coefficient, vertical spring stiffness and damper coefficient, rotational spring stiffness and damper coefficient between the rim and ring, ring radius, ring residual spring stiffness) is conducted for parameter sensitivity analysis. The three levels for each parameter except the ring radius are 50% increase, 50% decrease, and nominal values. Sensitivity analysis has shown that several parameters are critical to the peak value of the vertical and horizontal contact forces. A quarter-car model is then used to assess ride comfort of the vehicle suspension system. The quarter-car model with the proposed tire model can more accurately predict the ride comfort subject to random road inputs than the one with point contact tire model.
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6

Li, Bin, Xiaobo Yang, Ankang Jin, Yunqing Zhang, and James Yang. "In-Plane Flexible Ring Tire Model Validation Through ADAMS FTire Model Virtual Tests." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46630.

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This paper presents the validation for the newly developed in-plane flexible ring tire model by using ADAMS FTire model simulation. The developed in-plane model is unique in two aspects: (1) the neighboring belt segments are connected through normal and tangential directions by springs and dampers, each belt segment is a rigid body and its mass is accumulated at its geometric center. Each belt segment is always perpendicular to the line formed by the wheel center and the belt geometric center, thus there is no rotational constrains between the neighboring belt segments; (2) the representation of the tangential friction force between the tire and the road is defined through the multiplication of the normal contact force and the friction coefficient. And the friction coefficient is obtained based on an empirical model of the tire slip. For validation, a quarter-car model first runs on a flat road with a constant velocity (40km/h) and then rides over a rectangular shape obstacle to identify the tire parameters based on the virtual tests of Gipser’s FTire model in ADAMS. Then the quarter-car model runs on a flat road with 4–5 different conditions to ride over each obstacle: rectangular shape, triangular shape, half circle, and trapezoid. Simulation results for the new in-plane flexible ring model are compared with virtual test results from ADAMS FTire model on the same road and velocity condition for the tire patch contact forces in horizontal and longitudinal directions respectively based on the SAE standard J2812. Note that this study is the first time that the new SAE standard J2812 is used for model validation. After the validation, two important aspects have been investigated: (1) What is the minimum height of each obstacle shape so that the parameter identification will have minimum equipment loads? (2) What should the minimum number of belt segments be for each obstacle shape? The above two aspects are useful for tire model end users and tire experimental experts in real world applications.
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Yu, Min, Simos A. Evangelou, and Daniele Dini. "Control Design for a Quarter Car Test Rig with Parallel Active Link Suspension." In 2018 Annual American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.2018.8431070.

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Chan, Brendan J., Corina Sandu, Erin Hissong, and Steve Southward. "Development and Design of a Cost-Efficient Tire Mechanics Testing Apparatus." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49013.

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Most tire models need experimentally obtained data as input for simulation purposes. The study of tire mechanics requires the accuracy and repeatability of a controlled environment. However, the accessibility and cost of tire testing machines make it prohibitive for exploring tire mechanical properties for academic studies. Moreover, most industrial tire testing machines are designed for general tire testing, and would require an extensive amount of time and resources to adapt for academic research. To study tire mechanical behavior for modeling purposes, a tire mechanics test apparatus has been developed at the Center for Vehicle Systems and Safety (CVeSS), Virginia Tech. The tire mechanics test apparatus has been designed as an interchangeable attachment to an existing modular quarter car test rig developed at the Institute for Advanced Learning and Research (IALR) in Danville, Virginia, to save on cost, as well as to maintain repeatability of testing. The physical limitations of maximum tire vertical load for various tire testing machines are also among the main motivations for developing the tire mechanics test apparatus. The current configuration of the tire mechanics test apparatus provides the capability to study the vertical load - deflection characteristics of the tire, as well as the static footprint of the tire under various vertical loads. Future planned enhancements to the setup include the addition of a soil bin and an instrumented rolling drum for tire shear force studies.
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Andersen, E. R., C. Sandu, and S. Southward. "Multibody Dynamics Modeling and System Identification of a Quarter-Car Test Rig with McPherson Strut Suspension." In SAE 2007 Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-4184.

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10

Wu, Long, and Lei Zuo. "A Novel Performance Analysis Method for a Full Vehicle Suspension Based on Quarter Car Model." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67343.

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In vehicle dynamics researchers traditionally investigate the suspension performance based on a quarter car model and then reestablish a comprehensive model for the full car by considering additional degrees of freedom (DOF). Based on the derivation of the coupling ratios between the sprung mass of a full car and four sprung masses of quarter cars, the analysis of a full vehicle dynamics with fourteen DOFs in vertical and lateral directions is possible. The full car model can be expressed by four independent quarter car models. An analysis method will be investigated in order to provide a novel performance estimation for a full vehicle suspension. The case study shows that the vibrations of a full vehicle can be quantitatively obtained based on the test results of quarter suspensions.
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