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Journal articles on the topic 'Car counting'
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Biswas, Debojit, Hongbo Su, Chengyi Wang, Jason Blankenship, and Aleksandar Stevanovic. "An Automatic Car Counting System Using OverFeat Framework." Sensors 17, no. 7 (June 30, 2017): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17071535.
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Fan, Honghui, Hongjin Zhu, and Dongming Yuan. "People Counting in Elevator Car Based on Computer Vision." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 252 (July 9, 2019): 032131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/252/3/032131.
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Moranduzzo, Thomas, and Farid Melgani. "Automatic Car Counting Method for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Images." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 52, no. 3 (March 2014): 1635–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2253108.
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Chen, Yuan Been. "Cars Tracking and Counting at Night." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 1017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.1017.
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This work proposes a robust scheme to automatically tracking and counting cars in the traffic surveillance. In the proposed method, pixels at a specific position of successive image frames are first processed by the modified iterative threshold selection technique to establish the background model. Second, an original image is subtracted by this background to obtain a difference image that is performed with the differential image between an original image and its precedent neighboring image to yield an image with initial contour points of moving objects. Third, the robust edge-following scheme manipulates these contour points to produce closed-form objects. Particularly, two headlights of a car are merged with their corresponding reflective lights on the ground to yield two light objects for a car extraction at night. As compared to the conventional methods, the proposed method is demonstrated to have the best accuracy of moving object extraction. Finally, object motion connection is effectively employed to track object paths and compute the number of moving cars. The practical implementation reveals that the proposed method can precisely and reliably estimate a traffic amount.
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Soon, Chin Fhong, Siti Hajar Aminah Ali, See Khee Ye, Munzilah Md Rohani, Kian Sek Tee, Marlia Morsin, Nafarizal Nayan, and Chiok Chuan Lim. "Investigation of wireless magnetometer in sensing magnetic field changes at different car direction and speed." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 668–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i2.2707.
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The embedment of induction loop underground for traffic volume monitoring caused damaging effects to the road and reduced road surface aesthetics. A wireless magnetometer implanted underground in a small uniform area was developed to detect three-axis magnetic flux changes due to the perturbation of vehicle passing over the sensor. In this project, a wireless magnetometer sensor system operating at a radio frequency of 2.4 GHz for detecting and transmitting Z-field data has been developed to investigate the patterns of magnetic field associated with the car directions and speed. This is the first report in revealing the responses of the sensor to different car speed and sensing directions. Field tests were conducted by car passes over in a direction in-line or countering the X and Y axes of the magnetometer. The results showed that the strong magnetic field density as low as -100 to -230 μT could be generated when a car passed over the sensor in a direction countering X and Y axes. The speed detection limit of the sensor is 60 kmph. The X, Y and Z flux patterns obtained is import in designing an algorithm for accurate detection and counting of vehicles.
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Fachrie, Muhammad. "A Simple Vehicle Counting System Using Deep Learning with YOLOv3 Model." Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 4, no. 3 (June 20, 2020): 462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v4i3.1871.
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Deep Learning is a popular Machine Learning algorithm that is widely used in many areas in current daily life. Its robust performance and ready-to-use frameworks and architectures enables many people to develop various Deep Learning-based software or systems to support human tasks and activities. Traffic monitoring is one area that utilizes Deep Learning for several purposes. By using cameras installed in some spots on the roads, many tasks such as vehicle counting, vehicle identification, traffic violation monitoring, vehicle speed monitoring, etc. can be realized. In this paper, we discuss a Deep Learning implementation to create a vehicle counting system without having to track the vehicles movements. To enhance the system performance and to reduce time in deploying Deep Learning architecture, hence pretrained model of YOLOv3 is used in this research due to its good performance and moderate computational time in object detection. This research aims to create a simple vehicle counting system to help human in classify and counting the vehicles that cross the street. The counting is based on four types of vehicle, i.e. car, motorcycle, bus, and truck, while previous research counts the car only. As the result, our proposed system capable to count the vehicles crossing the road based on video captured by camera with the highest accuracy of 97.72%.
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Alkhatib, Ahmad A. A., Adnan Hnaif, and Tarek Kanan. "Proposed Simple System for Road Traffic Counting." International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control 9, no. 2 (October 25, 2019): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210327908666181107110441.
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Background & Objective: Traffic congestion is a burning issue in most countries due to the rapid growth of running vehicles and infrastructures with limited capacity. Congestion can be solved with Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and traffic management. Most traffic management measurement are aimed to improve the safety and flow of traffic, reduce traffic emissions and utilize traffic artery capacity more effectively. Methods: This paper proposes a new system to collect the required data for traffic management such as, number of vehicles, time and lane location information; using a cheap infrared sensors and timers. Conclusion: The proposed method can take the length of the vehicle into account of traffic statistics by measuring the car speed.
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Van Pham, Huy, and Byung-Ryong Lee. "Front-view car detection and counting with occlusion in dense traffic flow." International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems 13, no. 5 (July 14, 2015): 1150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12555-014-0229-7.
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Mazzeo, Pier Luigi, Riccardo Contino, Paolo Spagnolo, Cosimo Distante, Ettore Stella, Massimiliano Nitti, and Vito Renò. "MH-MetroNet—A Multi-Head CNN for Passenger-Crowd Attendance Estimation." Journal of Imaging 6, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6070062.
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Knowing an accurate passengers attendance estimation on each metro car contributes to the safely coordination and sorting the crowd-passenger in each metro station. In this work we propose a multi-head Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture trained to infer an estimation of passenger attendance in a metro car. The proposed network architecture consists of two main parts: a convolutional backbone, which extracts features over the whole input image, and a multi-head layers able to estimate a density map, needed to predict the number of people within the crowd image. The network performance is first evaluated on publicly available crowd counting datasets, including the ShanghaiTech part_A, ShanghaiTech part_B and UCF_CC_50, and then trained and tested on our dataset acquired in subway cars in Italy. In both cases a comparison is made against the most relevant and latest state of the art crowd counting architectures, showing that our proposed MH-MetroNet architecture outperforms in terms of Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Square Error (MSE) and passenger-crowd people number prediction.
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Huang, Zhi An, Xin Tong Wang, Ying Hua Zhang, and Yu Kun Gao. "The R&D of the Emergency Rescue Vehicles Based on Borehole-Type Refuge Chamber." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 1732–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.1732.
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So far, the control rooms require a lot of manpower and material resources to repair and maintenance. They are above the borehole-type refuge chamber. It is also possible that the equipment in control rooms is aged and the necessities are overdue. When an emergency appears, it can detain the rescue. Therefore, a kind of emergency rescue car for permanent drilling shelters is developed. It can replace the control room. It combines with relevant regulations, through counting, based on the conditions of mines affiliated to Jizhong Fengfeng Energy Group. The air supply system, the power supply system, the flow food system and the communication system of monitoring and controlling are designed in the car. After conducting laboratory experiments, the model of appropriate emergency rescue car, the types of functional equipment are determined. The layout and connections of each system are also designed in the car. These are based on the data and theories concluded from theoretical analysis.
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Weng, Ching-Fu, Chi-Jung Huang, Mei-Hsuan Wu, Henry Hsin-Chung Lee, and Thai-Yen Ling. "Co-Expression of Coxsackievirus/Adenovirus Receptors and Desmoglein 2 in Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Analysis of Bioinformatics and Tissue Microarrays." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 3693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113693.
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Introduction: Coxsackievirus/adenovirus receptors (CARs) and desmoglein-2 (DSG2) are similar molecules to adenovirus-based vectors in the cell membrane. They have been found to be associated with lung epithelial cell tumorigenesis and can be useful markers in predicting survival outcome in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods: A gene ontology enrichment analysis disclosed that DSG2 was highly correlated with CAR. Survival analysis was then performed on 262 samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas, forming “Stage 1A” or “Stage 1B”. We therefore analyzed a tissue microarray (TMA) comprised of 108 lung samples and an immunohistochemical assay. Computer counting software was used to calculate the H-score of the immune intensity. Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses were used to determine the prognostic value. Results: CAR and DSG2 genes are highly co-expressed in early stage LUAD and associated with significantly poorer survival (p = 0.0046). TMA also showed that CAR/DSG2 expressions were altered in lung cancer tissue. CAR in the TMA was correlated with proliferation, apoptosis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), while DSG2 was associated with proliferation only. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that CAR, DSG2, or a co-expression of CAR/DSG2 was associated with poorer overall survival. Conclusions: The co-expression of CAR/DSG2 predicted a worse overall survival in LUAD. CAR combined with DSG2 expression can predict prognosis.
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Wahap, Ahmad Ridhwan, and Shahrulnafiin Saharudin. "Vision-Based Parking Entry Control System." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 17, no. 2 (August 29, 2018): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v17n2.98.
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Vision-based control systems are very promising in the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). This paper proposes a system that use the vision system to control vehicle entry at the bridge gate at a certain facility. The system detects the presence of the car and captures the front car image to proceed to plate recognition process. Vehicle plate region is extracted using the size filtering, image thresholding and object counting algorithms. Optical character recognition technique is used in the recognition module. The result from the recognition module is then compared to the record in the database for information like the vehicle owner name, type of car, etc. The overall system is implemented and simulated in LabVIEW and the performance of recognition is tested on the real image. The system can successfully detect and recognize the plate number with minimum error.
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Gaonkar, Needhi U. "Road Traffic Analysis Using Computer Vision." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2002–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37630.
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Abstract: Traffic analysis plays an important role in a transportation system for traffic management. Traffic analysis system using computer vision project paper proposes the video based data for vehicle detection and counting systems based on the computer vision. In most Transportation Systems cameras are installed in fixed locations. Vehicle detection is the most important requirement in traffic analysis part. Vehicle detection, tracking, classification and counting is very useful for people and government for traffic flow, highway monitoring, traffic planning. Vehicle analysis will supply with information about traffic flow, traffic summit times on road. The motivation of visual object detection is to track the vehicle position and then tracking in successive frames is to detect and connect target vehicles for frames. Recognising vehicles in an ongoing video is useful for traffic analysis. Recognizing what kind of vehicle in an ongoing video is helpful for traffic analysing. this system can classify the vehicle into bicycle, bus, truck, car and motorcycle. In this system I have used a video-based vehicle counting method in a highway traffic video capture using cctv camera. Project presents the analysis of tracking-by-detection approach which includes detection by YOLO(You Only Look Once) and tracking by SORT(simple online and realtime tracking) algorithm. Keywords: Vehicle detection, Vehicle tracking, Vehicle counting, YOLO, SORT, Analysis, Kalman filter, Hungarian algorithm.
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Wirdawati, Wirdawati, and Syahrul Ismet. "Peningkatan kemampuan berhitung melalui permainan congklak modifikasi." JPGI (Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia) 3, no. 2 (December 11, 2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/02296jpgi0005.
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<em>This study aims to determine the improvement of children's numeracy skills through modified congklak games. The type of research used is classroom action research (CAR). The research subjects were 15 students of the Generation of West Pasaman Kindergarten. The time used in this study was 2 months, from July to August 2018. The study was conducted in 2 cycles. Data collection is done by observation and documentation study. Data were analyzed by percentage techniques. The results of the study on the implementation of the first cycle of the first meeting until the third meeting showed an increase in numeracy skills in children. After the second cycle of the first meeting until the third meeting, there was an increase in the numeracy skills of children, especially in counting 1-10, distinguishing the concept of many and few and summing up simply. After being given action on sikulus I and cycle II, it can be concluded that the ability of child counting can be improved by a haughty game of modification.y of child counting can be improved by a haughty game of modification.</em>
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Bar-Lev, Shaul K., and Ad Ridder. "Monte Carlo Methods for Insurance Risk Computation." International Journal of Statistics and Probability 8, no. 3 (April 24, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v8n3p54.
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In this paper we consider the problem of computing tail probabilities of the distribution of a random sum of positive random variables. We assume that the individual claim variables follow a reproducible natural exponential family (NEF) distribution, and that the random number has a NEF counting distribution with a cubic variance function. This specific modeling is supported by data of the aggregated claim distribution of an insurance company. Large tail probabilities are important as they reflect the risk of large losses, however, analytic or numerical expressions are not available. We propose several simulation algorithms which are based on an asymptotic analysis of the distribution of the counting variable and on the reproducibility property of the claim distribution. The aggregated sum is simulated efficiently by importance sampling using an exponential change of measure. We conclude by numerical experiments of these algorithms, based on real car insurance claim data.
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Ahmed, Shahzad, Faheem Khan, Asim Ghaffar, Farhan Hussain, and Sung Cho. "Finger-Counting-Based Gesture Recognition within Cars Using Impulse Radar with Convolutional Neural Network." Sensors 19, no. 6 (March 23, 2019): 1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061429.
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The diversion of a driver’s attention from driving can be catastrophic. Given that conventional button- and touch-based interfaces may distract the driver, developing novel distraction-free interfaces for the various devices present in cars has becomes necessary. Hand gesture recognition may provide an alternative interface inside cars. Given that cars are the targeted application area, we determined the optimal location for the radar sensor, so that the signal reflected from the driver’s hand during gesturing is unaffected by interference from the motion of the driver’s body or other motions within the car. We implemented a Convolutional Neural Network-based technique to recognize the finger-counting-based hand gestures using an Impulse Radio (IR) radar sensor. The accuracy of the proposed method was sufficiently high for real-world applications.
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Chatterjee, Tanmay, Achim Knappik, Erin Sandford, Muneesh Tewari, Sung Won Choi, William B. Strong, Evan P. Thrush, et al. "Direct kinetic fingerprinting and digital counting of single protein molecules." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 37 (August 31, 2020): 22815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008312117.
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The sensitive and accurate quantification of protein biomarkers plays important roles in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. Sandwich ELISA and its variants accomplish the capture and detection of a target protein via two antibodies that tightly bind at least two distinct epitopes of the same antigen and have been the gold standard for sensitive protein quantitation for decades. However, existing antibody-based assays cannot distinguish between signal arising from specific binding to the protein of interest and nonspecific binding to assay surfaces or matrix components, resulting in significant background signal even in the absence of the analyte. As a result, they generally do not achieve single-molecule sensitivity, and they require two high-affinity antibodies as well as stringent washing to maximize sensitivity and reproducibility. Here, we show that surface capture with a high-affinity antibody combined with kinetic fingerprinting using a dynamically binding, low-affinity fluorescent antibody fragment differentiates between specific and nonspecific binding at the single-molecule level, permitting the direct, digital counting of single protein molecules with femtomolar-to-attomolar limits of detection (LODs). We apply this approach to four exemplary antigens spiked into serum, demonstrating LODs 55- to 383-fold lower than commercially available ELISA. As a real-world application, we establish that endogenous interleukin-6 (IL-6) can be quantified in 2-µL serum samples from chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) therapy patients without washing away excess serum or detection probes, as is required in ELISA-based approaches. This kinetic fingerprinting thus exhibits great potential for the ultrasensitive, rapid, and streamlined detection of many clinically relevant proteins.
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Mao, Cui Li, Er Hua Wang, and Hong Qi Lin. "Design and Implementation of Ultrasonic Ranging System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 239-240 (December 2012): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.239-240.37.
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A real-time and high precision ultrasonic ranging method is proposed here. Ultrasonic ranging system based on MCU was established, which is composed of MCU, ultrasonic sending and receiving circuit, temperature compensate circuit, alarm, key and display circuit. Counting pulse method was used to measure the ultrasonic transmission time, and then the distance is calculated. In order to improve the ranging accuracy, temperature compensation was used in this system. Preliminary experiment showed that the system meet the requirements. This system has advantages such as low price, small volume, reliable operation, high accuracy, and can be employed in car backing, obstacle avoiding of robots, industrial logging, reservoir level measuring etc.
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Milone, Michael C., Roddy OConnor, Michael May, Steven Albelda, and Benjamin Philipson. "4-1BB-Costimulated CAR-Mediated Non-Canonical NF-Kb Signaling Enhances CAR T Cell Survival and Suppresses Bim Expression." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 3713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119522.
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Abstract Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy induces deep and durable responses in a large percentage of patients with B-cell malignancies. These responses often correlate with CAR T cell persistence in patients. The first two FDA-approved CAR-T cell therapies employ 2nd generation CARs that use different costimulatory domains derived from either CD28 or 4-1BB. Data from pre-clinical studies as well as clinical trials suggest that 4-1BB CAR (BBz) T cells persist longer than CD28 CAR (28z) T cells. One signal associated with cellular survival and activated by endogenous 4-1BB, but not CD28, is the non-canonical NF-kB (ncNF-kB) pathway. NcNF-kB is required for memory T cell persistence and enhances tumor cell survival by suppressing pro-apoptotic gene transcription. Therefore, we hypothesize that the BBz, but not the 28z CAR, activates ncNF-kB signaling, which promotes CAR T cell persistence by suppressing pro-apoptotic gene expression. Using primary human T cells isolated from the apheresis products of anonymous healthy donors, we generated 28z or BBz T cells by lentiviral transduction following activation by CD3 and CD28. Induction of ncNF-kB signaling following CAR activation was assessed by western blot. NcNF-kB function was evaluated by concomitant expression of a dominant-negative mutant of NF-kB-inducing Kinase (dnNIK) to block the ncNF-kB pathway. In addition to pathway analysis by western blotting, T cell proliferation, immunophenotype and survival were assessed by bead-based counting via flow cytometry. To explore mechanisms affecting survival, pro- and anti-apoptotic gene expression was analyzed by qPCR and western blot over three weeks following restimulation through the CAR. Following CAR activation, ncNF-kB signaling was detected in BBz but not 28z T cell lysates. Control mRFP BBz T cells expanded approximately 10 fold more than BBz T cells coexpressing dnNIK. DnNIK-expressing BBz T cells exhibited higher rates of cell death contributing to the observed differences apparent in ex vivo expansion. This cell death was associated with a 2 fold increase in the message and nearly 3 fold increase in the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein, Bim, in the dnNIK BBz T cells relative to control. In contrast, dnNIK 28z T cells had no appreciable difference in proliferation or survival compared with control. Therefore, BBz, but not 28z signaling activates the ncNF-kB pathway, which protects BBz T cells from cell death likely by restricting the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein, Bim. Disclosures Milone: Novartis: Patents & Royalties.
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Arofah, Irvana, and Besse Arnawisuda Ningsi. "Pengenalan Alat Peraga Dasar Matematika Kepada Siswa Sekolah Dasar (SD)." Journal of Dedicators Community 5, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34001/jdc.v5i1.1187.
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Community service is carried out by the Pamulang University lecturer team in Pamulang sub-district, South Tangerang city in an effort to increase understanding of mathematical concepts with the target of elementary school students. The activities carried out are divided into 3 stages, the first stage: first giving a pre-test to students to find out the students' initial abilities, the second stage providing mentoring and training in understanding mathematical counting concepts with the help of mathematical teaching aids, and the third stage conducting evaluations with how to give a test (post-test) to determine the results of the treatment in the second stage. The visual aids used in this activity are the nomographic aids, the visual aids weighing the car props. Each of these props provides an understanding of the mathematical counting concepts in the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. From the results of the post-test conducted an increase in students' understanding of the concepts of mathematical operations in the form of operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division after being given understanding with the help of mathematical teaching aids.
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Gund, Rahul. "Transient Thermal Analysis of Disk Brake System under Varying Velocities and Pad Material Properties." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 1702–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37642.
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Abstract: The Enormous progressions in the field of automobiles have led their car engines to have enriched brake power in vehicles. The braking system’s efficiency should be at par with the engine to decelerate the car from a given speed within a less braking distance. The disc rotor and brake pads design and material while counting other impacting factors contribute to braking efficiency. The disc rotor will be exposed to large stresses which result in surface cracking, overheating of brake fluid, seals and other components. Many factors are affecting it as coefficient of friction between brake pad and disk rotor surface, thermal conductivity of pad material. Hence to reduce thermal stresses we can choose right pad material. In this project, thermal analysis for vented disc brake rotor of Mahindra Bolero’s done, for providing an efficient material for disc brake rotor and brake pads with 0 to 12 % of steel powder as filler materials are used which can dissipate heat generated during braking at faster rate and also being structurally safe Keywords: Braking system, Disc Brake Rotor, Thermal, Structural Analysis, CATIA V5, ANSYS WORKBENCH, Pad Material properties
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Sasmita, Aryo. "PENGARUH KEGIATAN CAR FREE DAY (CFD) DI KOTA PEKANBARU UNTUK PENGURANGAN EMISI KARBON DARI KEGIATAN TRANSPORTASI." Jurnal Purifikasi 15, no. 2 (July 26, 2015): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25983806.v15.i2.27.
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Adanya penurunan kualitas udara oleh emisi karbon yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan transportasi di Pekanbaru, secara tidak langsung dapat menyebabkan perubahan iklim. Jenis gas emisi yang utama dan di sektor transportasi sebagai akibat dari pembakaran bahan bakar adalah gas CO2 dan CH4. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah kegiatan car free day (CFD) yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru setiap hari minggu pada puku 06:00 hingga pukul 09:00 WIB mampu memberikan dampak mengurangi emisi karbon yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan transportasi.
Lokasi studi adalah jalan Diponegoro yang merupakan jalan yang dipergunakan untuk CFD. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan pengaambilan perhitungan jumlah kendaraan dengan metode traffic counting. Kemudian dilakukan pengumpulan data sekunder, antara lain data perhitungan nilai emisi dengan mengumpulkan data perhitungan satuan mobil penumpang, faktor emisi untuk tiap jenis kendaraan dan data konsumsi energi spesifik untuk masing-masing kendaraan.
Dari hasil perhitungan diketahui bahwa nilai emisi karbon dioksida yang berhasil dikurangi dengan adanya kegiatan CFD adalah 236,486 kg CO2.
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Baek, S. H., S. S. Cho, and W. S. Joo. "Fatigue life prediction based on the rainflow cycle counting method for the end beam of a freight car bogie." International Journal of Automotive Technology 9, no. 1 (February 2008): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12239-008-0012-y.
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Börold, A., M. Teucke, A. Rust, and M. Freitag. "Deep Learning-based Object Recognition for Counting Car Components to Support Handling and Packing Processes in Automotive Supply Chains." IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, no. 2 (2020): 10645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.2828.
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Saito, Shoji, Aiko Hasegawa, Mika Nagai, Yoichi Inada, Hirokazu Morokawa, Ikumi Nakashima, Daisuke Morita, et al. "Mutated GM-CSF-Based CAR T-Cells Targeting CD116/CD131 Complexes Exhibit Enhanced Anti-Tumor Effects Against Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-134395.
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Background: The prognosis of relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains poor; therefore, novel treatment strategies are required urgently. Meanwhile, recent clinical trials have demonstrated that CAR-T cells for AML have been less successful than those targeting CD19 for B cell malignancies. Recently, we developed piggyBac-modified ligand-based CAR-T cells that target CD116, also called granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor (GMR) α chain, for treating juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (Nakazawa, et al. J Hematol Oncol. 2016). Since CD116 is overexpressed in 60%-80% of AML cases, the present study aimed to develop a novel therapeutic method for R/R AML using GMR CAR-T cells. Methods: CD116 expression in AML cell lines or primary leukemia cells were examined using flow cytometry. The original piggyBac transposon plasmid for GMR CAR comprises GM-CSF as an antigen recognition site, IgG1 CH2CH3 hinge region, CD28 costimulatory domain, and CD3ζ chain. To improve the in vivo persistency and anti-tumor effects, two types of spacer (∆CH2H3 and G4S) that lack CH2CH3 lesion were newly constructed. In order to modulate the antigen recognition ability, mutated ligand-based GMR CAR vectors were constructed with a mutation at residue 21 of GM-CSF that is reported to play a critical role in its biological activity (Lopez, et al. Embo j. 1992). All the GMR CAR-T cells were generated with piggyBac gene modification. To investigate the in vitro anti-tumor activity, GMR CAR-T cells were co-cultured with AML cell lines. In order to evaluate the in vivo anti-tumor effects, NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice were intravenously injected with THP-1, THP1-ffLuc, or MV4-11 and then treated with GMR CAR-T cells. To characterize the safety profile of GMR CAR-T cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells or polymorphonuclear cells were co-cultured with GMR CAR-T cells at an effector:target ratio of 1:1 for 3 days. Thereafter, B cells, NK cells, neutrophils, and monocytes were quantified using flow cytometry using counting beads. Results: Approximately 80% of the AML cells predominant in myelomonocytic leukemia expressed CD116. PiggyBac-modified GMR CAR-T cells displayed a favorable CD45RA+CCR7+-dominant phenotype, consistent with our previous findings. GMR CAR-T cells exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against CD116+ AML cells in vitro. GMR CAR-T cells incorporating a G4S spacer significantly improved the long-term in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects as compared to those incorporating a ∆CH2CH3 spacer. Furthermore, by employing a mutated GM-CSF at residue 21 (E21K and E21R) as an antigen recognition site, the in vivo anti-tumor effects were also substantially improved along with prolonged survival (Figure 1) over controls (PBS or CD19.CAR-T cells) (all, p < 0.01) as well as over GMR CAR-T cells with a wild-type GM-CSF ligand (E21R: p < 0.01; E21K: p = 0.02), with 4 out of 5 mice surviving for > 150 days. Safety tests revealed that the toxicity of GMR CAR-T cells was restricted to normal monocytes. It is noteworthy that the cytotoxic effects of GMR CAR-T cells on normal neutrophils, T cells, B cells, and NK cells were minimal. Conclusions: GMR CAR-T cell therapy appears to be a potentially useful strategy for CD116+ R/R AML. Based on the promising results, we plan to perform the first-in-human clinical trial of GMR CAR-T cells. Disclosures Saito: Toshiba Corporation: Research Funding. Hasegawa:Toshiba Corporation: Research Funding. Inada:Kissei Pharmaceuticals: Ended employment in the past 24 months. Nakashima:Toshiba Corporation: Research Funding. Yagyu:Toshiba Corporation: Research Funding. Nakazawa:Toshiba Corporation: Research Funding.
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Denk, Marco, and Mark-M. Bakran. "Online Junction Temperature Cycle Recording of an IGBT Power Module in a Hybrid Car." Advances in Power Electronics 2015 (March 2, 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/652389.
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The accuracy of the lifetime calculation approach of IGBT power modules used in hybrid-electric powertrains suffers greatly from the inaccurate knowledge of application typical load-profiles. To verify the theoretical load-profiles with data from the field this paper presents a concept to record all junction temperature cycles of an IGBT power module during its operation in a test vehicle. For this purpose the IGBT junction temperature is measured with a modified gate driver that determines the temperature sensitive IGBT internal gate resistor by superimposing the negative gate voltage with a high-frequency identification signal. An integrated control unit manages the TJ measurement during the regular switching operation, the exchange of data with the system controller, and the automatic calibration of the sensor system. To calculate and store temperature cycles on a microcontroller an online Rainflow counting algorithm was developed. The special feature of this algorithm is a very accurate extraction of lifetime relevant information with a significantly reduced calculation and storage effort. Until now the recording concept could be realized and tested within a laboratory voltage source inverter. Currently the IGBT driver with integrated junction temperature measurement and the online cycle recording algorithm is integrated in the voltage source inverter of first test vehicles. Such research will provide representative load-profiles to verify and optimize the theoretical load-profiles used in today’s lifetime calculation.
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Mahmud, Mashitah, Shahrum Abdullah, Ahmad Kamal Ariffin, Z. M. Nopiah, M. F. M. Yunoh, and Nor Izan Izura Mansor. "Determining the Behaviour of Fatigue Strain Histories of Vehicle Coil Springs by Using Statistical Inferences." Applied Mechanics and Materials 786 (August 2015): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.786.409.
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The evaluation of fatigue behavior of real components under service loading is important in reliability analysis. The present paper investigates the characteristics of two strain signals spectrum by using statistical inferences. The data used in this study are obtained from strain gauges installed on coil spring component of car suspension system driven over two different road surfaces. The coil springs are made of SAE 5160 carbon steel materials. The strain signals are explored to produce the summary statistics (i.e. root-mean-square, kurtosis, skewness etc.) and the rainflow cycle counting is performed to obtain total number of cycles and damage per cycle. Further, distribution fitting is applied to the cycle-counted strain ranges data. The results show that both signals fit well to a mixed Weibull distribution with three subpopulations.
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Guerrieri, Marco, and Giuseppe Parla. "Deep Learning and YOLOv3 Systems for Automatic Traffic Data Measurement by Moving Car Observer Technique." Infrastructures 6, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6090134.
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Macroscopic traffic flow variables estimation is of fundamental interest in the planning, designing and controlling of highway facilities. This article presents a novel automatic traffic data acquirement method, called MOM-DL, based on the moving observer method (MOM), deep learning and YOLOv3 algorithm. The proposed method is able to automatically detect vehicles in a traffic stream and estimate the traffic variables flow q, space mean speed vs. and vehicle density k for highways in stationary and homogeneous traffic conditions. The first application of the MOM-DL technique concerns a segment of an Italian highway. In the experiments, a survey vehicle equipped with a camera has been used. Using deep learning and YOLOv3 the vehicles detection and the counting processes have been carried out for the analyzed highway segment. The traffic flow variables have been calculated by the Wardrop relationships. The first results demonstrate that the MOM and MOM-DL methods are in good agreement with each other despite some errors arising with MOM-DL during the vehicle detection step due to a variety of reasons. However, the values of macroscopic traffic variables estimated by means of the Drakes’ traffic flow model together with the proposed method (MOM-DL) are very close to those obtained by the traditional one (MOM), being the maximum percentage variation less than 3%.
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Ma, Futian, Jin-Yuan Ho, Huan Du, Fan Xuan, Xiaoli Wu, Ying Liu, Yizhuo Wang, Jianmin Luo, and Jianqiang Li. "Evidence of Long-Lasting Anti-CD19 Activity of Engrafted CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Modified T Cells in a Phase I Study Targeting Pediatrics with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 2701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-114346.
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Abstract Introduction: 90% of relapse/refractory B cell acute lymphatic leukemia (R/R B-ALL) patients can achieve complete remission (CR) after CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy. However, around 50% of them relapse in one year. Persistent CAR-T cell engraftment is considered as the key to remain durable remission. Here we initiated a Phase I study to treat pediatric B-ALL patients using CD19 CAR-T cell. After treatment, CD19+ minimal residual disease (MRD) and CAR-T engraftment were detected monthly aiming to evaluate the anti-CD19 activity of long-term engrafted CAR-T cell clones. Patients and Methods: From July 2016 to December 2017, a total of 10 pediatric patients with CD19+ R/R B-ALL were treated. The median age was 6 (range 3-13 years), none of them has prior hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). All patients have experienced at least three courses of chemotherapy prior CAR-T infusion (median 4, range 3-10 times). All patients received a standard fludarabine and cyclophosphamide preconditioning regiment, followed by a CAR-T infusion with a median number of 0.5 (0.3-1.58) x 106 cells/kg. We used a 2nd generation CAR including a 4-1BB intracellular domain and a truncated EGFR sequence which can be used to identify and select CAR+ cells. For the first month after infusion, CAR-T engraftment, cytokines profiles, MRD, complete blood counting and other clinical lab evaluation were performed frequently. Afterwards, levels of CAR-T cells and residual leukemia cells in bone marrow (BM) were analyzed once per month. CAR-T engraftment was measured by both flow cytometry and quantitative PCR (qPCR); percentages of MRD were determined by flow cytometry; cytokine profiles were performed by LEGENDplexTM Human inflammation panel from Biolegend company. Result: The median percentage of pre-treatment BM blasts was 59.2% (7.31%-86.2%), excluding one patient only with brain infiltration of leukemia cells (0% BM blasts). Among the ten pts, eight of them reached MRD negative complete remission (CR) on day 28 post-infusion, except one patient who had no obvious response and another patient who withdrawn from the trial at day 5 due to rapid disease progression. All pts experienced cytokine release syndrome (CRS), six pts with grade 1 or 2 CRS, three with grade 3, and one with grade 4; grade 3-4 neurotoxicity also occurred in three patients. Toxicities were managed by supportive care ± tocilizumab and/ or dexamethasone depend on physicians' instruction. The dynamics of cytokine release (TNFα, IFNγ, and IL6) reached to the peak around day +4 to day +7. The peak of CD19 CAR T cell expansion was around day +7 to day +10, and rapidly decreased within 5 to 10 days. The median observation period for 8 CR patients was 261 days (149-733). 4 patients (50%) relapsed, all of them (100%) were associated with loss of cell-surface expression of CD19, including one lineage switch from ALL to myeloid leukemia. Pre-treatment tumor burdens were highly correlated with relapse events. The patient with only brain infiltrating blasts achieved CR and remains for 279 days. The other three patients remaining in remission state have been following up for 243, 619 and 733 days, respectively. Every month after infusion, peripheral and marrow blood were collected to detect the reemergence of residual leukemia cells and persistence of CAR-T engraftment. As Figure 1 shown, in the first treated patient who had the longest remission time (733 days), emergence of CD19+ residual leukemic cells were detected several times during the observation period which were corresponded with reduction of CAR-T cell engraftment. Notably, without any further treatment, anti-CD19 activity was demonstrated obviously by the clearance of CD19+ cells and increase level of CAR-T cell engraftment which reached to a new peak on 20 month after infusion. Conclusion: Our study validates the safety and efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy targeting CD19 in ten pediatric patients, which encourage us to explore more patients with relapse/refractory B-ALL in the future. Importantly, anti-leukemia activity lasting as long as at least two years demonstrates maintenance of durable remission by only CAR-T therapy even without further allo-HSCT. Deep TCR sequence which attempts to identify the TCR repertoire and CAR-T cell cloning which attempts to get immortalized CAR+ T cell line are currently performed in the lab. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Hardiyanto, Riko Dede, Adian Fatchur Rochim, and Ike Pertiwi Windasari. "Pembuatan Penghitung Jumlah Mobil Otomatis Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATMega 8535 Menggunakan Sensor Ultrasonik." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 3, no. 2 (April 20, 2015): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.3.2.2015.185-191.
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Car drivers often experience difficulties to park their cars in the parking lot there is a slot or an empty space with a limited number. For example, some parking places such as shopping centers, apartments and hotels. To determine the state of the parking spaces have been filled or not it is necessary to update the conditions in the room. The purpose of this thesis is to create a functioning device calculates and displays the number of entrances. A number of automatically calculating devices have been made. General description of the device is designed to use the SRF04 ultrasonic sensor, microcontroller ATMega8535, and buzzer. SRF04 ultrasonic sensors as detecting obstructions between the ends of the door with the barrier wall and counting. With the existence of this device in the state of the room can be determined easily and saves time.
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Simonetta, Federico, Israt S. Alam, Juliane K. Lohmeyer, Bita Sahaf, Zinaida Good, Weiyu Chen, Zunyu Xiao, et al. "Molecular Imaging of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells By ICOS-Immunopet." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-136331.
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Introduction: Immunomonitoring of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells relies primarily on their quantification in the peripheral blood, which inadequately quantifies their biodistribution and activation status in the tissues. Non-invasive molecular imaging of CAR T cell therapy by positron emission tomography (PET) is a promising approach providing spatial, temporal and functional information. Reported strategies for PET-based monitoring of CAR T cells rely on additional manipulation of the cell product such as the incorporation of reporter transgenes or ex vivo biolabeling, which significantly limits the wider application of CAR T cell molecular imaging. In the present study, we assessed the ability of antibody-based PET (immunoPET) to non-invasively visualize CAR T cells in vivo. Methods: For analysis of human CAR T cell activation, we analyzed publicly available RNA sequencing data (GSE136891) obtained at serial time points during in vitro culture of CD19.CD28z CAR T cells. We analyzed by mass cytometry (CyTOF) the ex vivo ICOS expression on human CD19-28z CAR T cells obtained from 31 patients receiving axicabtagene ciloleucel (Axi-cel) for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). For in vivo murine experiments, CD19-expressing B-cell lymphoma A20 cells (2.5×10e5 cells) were injected by tail vein intravenously (i.v.) into sub-lethally (4.4 Gy) irradiated Thy1.2+ BALB/c mice. Seven days later, murine CD19.CD28z Luc+ Thy1.1+ CAR T cells (1×10e6) were i.v. injected. ICOS expression was analyzed by flow cytometry on CAR T cells recovered from spleen and bone marrow 5 days after injection. For imaging studies, anti-ICOS monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for murine ICOS (clone:7E.17G9, BioXcell) was modified with the bifunctional chelator deferoxamine (DFO/p-SCN-Bn-Deferoxamine). The DFO-ICOS mAb conjugate was radiolabeled with 37 MBq (~1 mCi) of 89Zr-oxalate (final specific activity 6 µCi/µg/ml and radiochemical purity of 99%). 89Zr-DFO-ICOSmAb (45 μCi ± 3.6, 7.5 μg± 0.6) was injected i.v. 5 days post-CAR T cell administration and PET-CT imaging performed 48 hours later. Following PET-CT, mice were euthanized and radioactivity measured in dissected weighed tissues using a gamma-counter. Results: Analysis of RNA-sequencing data from human CAR T cells identified ICOS as an activation marker whose transcription was up-regulated and sustained during in vitro culture. ICOS was preferentially expressed on CAR+ T cells recovered at day 7 from axi-cel treated patients compared with CAR- cells (p<0.001; Figure 1A). Phenotypic analysis in a murine model of B cell lymphoma infiltrating the spleen and the bone marrow confirmed preferential ICOS expression on murine CAR T cells compared to resident cells in both spleen (p=0.003) and bone marrow (p=0.008). Figure 1B shows representative volume-rendered technique (VRT) PET/CT images of 89Zr-DFO-ICOS mAb-injected tumor-bearing mice either untreated (left panels) or that received mCD19.28z CAR T cells (right panels). 89Zr-DFO-ICOS mAb similarly accumulated in highly vascularized organs (heart, liver and spleen) of both untreated and CAR T cell treated mice, consistent with the biodistribution and clearance of intact antibodies. We detected pronounced 89Zr-DFO-ICOS mAb-PET signals in the bones of CAR T cell treated mice, particularly prominent in the lumbar spine, iliac bones, femur, tibia and humeral heads (Figure 1B). Region of interest analysis confirmed markedly increased radiotracer uptake in bones rich in bone marrow from CAR T treated mice compared with those of untreated mice (lumbar spine vertebrae p<0.001; iliac bones p=0.001; femur p=0.002; tibia p=0.002). Moreover we observed a slight, but statistically significant increase in radiotracer accumulation in the heart of CAR T cell-treated mice (p=0.004) while no significant differences were detected in spleen and liver. As expected, there was no significant signal difference in the muscle, considered background. Biodistribution analysis using gamma counting of tissues confirmed the PET results. Conclusions: We describe for the first time an immunoPET approach to monitor the in vivo dynamics of CAR T cell migration, expansion, and persistence that does not require the addition of reporter genes or ex vivo labeling, being therefore applicable to the clinical setting for the study of any commercially available and investigational CAR T cell products. Disclosures Miklos: Novartis: Consultancy, Other: Travel support, Research Funding; Allogene Therapeutics Inc.: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Other: Travel support, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Juno-Celgene-Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Other: Travel support, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Other: Travel support; Miltenyi Biotec: Research Funding; Kite-Gilead: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel support, Research Funding; Adaptive Biotech: Consultancy, Other: Travel support, Research Funding. Mackall:BMS: Consultancy; Allogene: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Lyell Immunopharma: Consultancy, Current equity holder in private company; NeoImmune Tech: Consultancy; Nektar Therapeutics: Consultancy; Apricity Health: Consultancy, Current equity holder in private company. Gambhir:CellSight Inc: Current equity holder in private company. Negrin:Amgen: Consultancy; BioEclipse Therapeutics: Current equity holder in private company; Magenta Therapeutics: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Biosource: Current equity holder in private company; KUUR Therapeutics: Consultancy; UpToDate: Honoraria.
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Ds, Nurhaeni. "ASESMEN KEBUTUHAN BELAJAR ANAK JALANAN DI KOTA MAKASSAR." TARBAWI : Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 2, no. 02 (December 30, 2017): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/jtw.v2i02.1031.
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ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan kebutuhan belajar anak jalanan di Kecamatan Tamalanrea Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif, Fokus penelitian ini adalah identifikasi kebutuhan belajar anak jalanan di Kecamatan Tamalanrea Kota Makassar. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 30 orang anak jalanan. Teknik Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan teknik dokumentasi. Pengolahan dan analisis data digunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan belajar yang dirasakan oleh anak jalanan di Kecamatan Tamalanrea Kota Makassar cukup bervariasi, setidaknnya terdapat 20 jenis kebutuhan belajar, yaitu kebutuhan belajar membaca, menulis, dan berhitung, membaca Al-Qur’an, menjahit pakaian wanita, menjahit pakaian laki-laki, servis sepeda motor, servis handphone, merangkai kembang dari plastik, membuat kue-kue, servis komputer, Las/teknisi melas, bernyanyi, bahasa Inggris, berjualan, mengemudi/sopir, duko mobil/motor, servis mobil, seni lukis/menggambar, servis AC, servis kulkas, dan servis radio dan televise. Dari 20 kebutuhan belajar yang dirasakan oleh anak jalanan terdapat 5 kebutuhan belajar yang mendapat skala perioritas pertama yaitu kebutuhan belajar membaca, menulis dan berhitung, membaca Al-Qur’an, servis sepeda motor, servis handphone, dan servis komputer. Kata Kunci: Kebutuhan belajar, Anak JalananABSTRACTThis study aims to reveal learning needs of street children in Tamalanrea, Makassar. The type of research is descriptive qualitative, the focus of research is the identification of learning needs of street children in Tamalanrea, Makassar. The subject of research is 30 street children. Technique Data collection are interview and documentation technique. Processing and data analysis use qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results show that the learning needs perceived by street children in Tamalanrea, Makassar are varied, at least there are 20 types of learning needs, namely reading, writing and counting, Holy Qur’an, sewing women's clothes, sewing men's clothes, motorcycle service, mobile phone service, stringing flower of plastics, cookies cakes, computer service, welding technician, singing, English language, selling, driving, spray paint (car or motorcycle), car service, painting/drawing, Air Conditioner Service, refrigerator service, radio and television service. From 20 learning needs perceived by street children, there are 5 learning needs that get first priorities scale are reading, writing, counting, holy Qur’an, motorcycle service, mobile phone service, computer service of Learning Needs. Keywords: Learning Needs, Street Children
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El Ghazi, Ibrahim, Imane Berni, Aziza Menouni, Marie-Paule Kestemont, Mohammed Amane, and Samir El Jaafari. "Utilisation Des Tubes A Diffusion Passive Pour La Surveillance De La Pollution Automobile Dans La Ville De Meknes." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 23 (August 31, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n23p19.
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Road traffic emission is one of the major sources of air pollution which can cause several human health problems including cardiorespiratory diseases. The aim of our study is to monitor air quality in Meknes city (Morocco) by measuring nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and benzene (C6H6) concentration mainly generated by road traffic. To this end, we deployed passive diffusion tubes at 14 sampling sites during two measurement campaigns in the summer of 2014 and the winter of 2015 using car and underground proximity sites. In parallel with the winter measurement campaign, road traffic counting sessions were conducted on the main roads of the city in order to determine average daily traffic intensity. Results of this study show that the atmospheric concentrations of NO2 and C6H6 reach maximum values in the city center and decrease towards its periphery. The average value of NO2 in all targeted sites was around 32, 59 μg / m3, which is lower than the EU limit of 40 μg / m3. The average concentration of C6H6 in Meknes was equal to 1,77 μg / m3, a value close to the quality objective set by the European Union (2 μg / m3) and well below the annual Moroccan limit (10 μg / m3). The use of GIS (geographic information system) for coupling the results of measurement campaigns and those of traffic counting made it possible to determine the areas most affected by these tracers and thus to set up very high spatial resolution cartography.
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Chen, H., S. Ye, A. Nedzvedz, O. Nedzvedz, H. Lv, and S. Ablameyko. "Traffic extreme situations detection in video sequences based on integral optical flow." Computer Optics 43, no. 4 (August 2019): 647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-2019-43-4-647-652.
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Road traffic analysis is an important task in many applications and it can be used in video surveillance systems to prevent many undesirable events. In this paper, we propose a new method based on integral optical flow to analyze cars movement in video and detect flow extreme situations in real-world videos. Firstly, integral optical flow is calculated for video sequences based on optical flow, thus random background motion is eliminated; secondly, pixel-level motion maps which describe cars movement from different perspectives are created based on integral optical flow; thirdly, region-level indicators are defined and calculated; finally, threshold segmentation is used to identify different cars movements. We also define and calculate several parameters of moving car flow including direction, speed, density, and intensity without detecting and counting cars. Experimental results show that our method can identify cars directional movement, cars divergence and cars accumulation effectively.
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Yun, Yeonhee, Jiao Wang, Karen Pollok, Tony Sinn, Randy Brutkiewicz, Sandro Matosevic, and Michael Veronesi. "138 In vivo localization of genetically engineered natural killer cells against glioblastoma using PET imaging." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (November 2020): A151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0138.
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BackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly brain malignancy with a dismal prognosis. While immunotherapy holds great promise for GBM treatment, most have failed due to a suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Antigen heterogeneity and adenosine signaling are two immunosuppressive mechanisms in GBM. The CD73-adenosine axis plays a multifaceted role in GBM pathogenesis and drives the dysfunction of NK cells in GBM TME.1,3 Our NKG2D-chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-natural killer (NK) cells have shown anti-tumor activity when combined with CD73 blockade in vivo.2 To further extend the potency of these cells against GBM and address antigen heterogeneity in GBM, we combined the local blockade of CD73 with multi-antigen-targeting engineered NK cells. In order to improve treatment assessment, PET/MR imaging was employed to enable detailed, non-invasive assessment of tumor progression. Imaging assessment of adoptively-transferred CAR- NK cells was also developed to determine the fate of NK cell delivery to the tumor site over time.MethodsWe generated multifunctional engineered NK (E-NK) cells that express an anti-CD73 scFv, which is cleavable by GBM-associated proteases, an NKG2D-CAR, as well as a GD2 CAR, which can actively target the GD2 antigen overexpressed on GBM (Figure 1A). For E-NK cell radiolabeling, zirconium-89 (89Zr, ½ life = 78 Hr) radiotracer was attached covalently to the E-NK cell surface via conjugation with DFO-Bz-NCS in a range of doses from 50–600 µCi.ResultsAn optimal balance between labeling efficiency and cell viability was attained at 120 µCi 89Zr resulting in 39% labeling efficiency and 46% cell viability over for 48 hours. After labeling, the NK cells maintained their in vitro killing activity against GBM cells (figure 1B). The 89Zr labeled E-NK cells were administered intravenously in mice containing intracranial GBM10 tumors at week 5 post-implant. PET imaging was performed at 1 and 2 days later and gamma imaging ex vivo at 4 days. Free 89Zr was visible diffusely throughout the body with low levels in the brain. The majority of 89Zr labeled E-NK cell groups localized to the lungs with detectable activity elsewhere in various organs (figure 1C and 1D).Abstract 138 Figure 1PET imaging and gamma counting of the engineered NK cellsFigure 1 (A) Multifunctional, responsive CAR constructs; (B) In vitro killing activity against GBM43 cells after co-incubation with 89Zr labeled NK cells at an E:T ratio of 10 for 4 h with LDH assay (N=3); (C) & (D) In vivo PET imaging and ex vivo gamma counting with 89Zr at week 5 in 10 mice during 4 days, GBM intracranial implantation to NSG male mouse, 89Zr, 89Zr + NK cell, or 89Zr + E NK cell (7 × 106 cells with 500 µCi) was administered through intravenous injection, Qimage was used for the PET/MRI co-registration and analysisConclusionsWe generated multifunctional E-NK cells which showed the improved killing of GBM cells using novel targeting approaches, including the blockade of CD73-mediated adenosinergic signaling. We also optimized E-NK cell radiolabeling with 89Zr for GB10 therapy in vitro and in vivo fate mapping against a xenograft of patient-derived GBM.AcknowledgementsWe gratefully acknowledge the Walther Oncology Embedding Program, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, and In Vivo Therapeutics Core.ReferencesWang J, Matosevic S. NT5E/CD73 as correlative factor of patient survival and natural killer cell infiltration in glioblastoma. J Clin Med 2019;8(10):1526.Wang J, Lupo KB, Chambers AM, Matosevic S. Purinergic targeting enhances immunotherapy of CD73+ solid tumors with piggyBac-engineered chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells. J Immunother Cancer 2018;6(1):136.Yan A, Joachims ML, Thompson LF, Miller AD, Canoll PD, Bynoe MS. CD73 promotes glioblastoma pathogenesis and enhances its chemoresistance via A2B adenosine receptor signaling. J Neurosci 2019;39(22):4387.Flink J, Muzi M, Peck M, Krohn K. Multimodality brain tumor imaging: mr imaging, PET, and PET/MR imaging. J Nucl 2015;5(10):1554–1561.
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Kumar, Abhinav, Aishwarya Gupta, Bishal Santra, KS Lalitha, Manasa Kolla, Mayank Gupta, and Rishabh Singh. "VPDS: An AI-Based Automated Vehicle Occupancy and Violation Detection System." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 9498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019498.
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High Occupancy Vehicle/High Occupancy Tolling (HOV/HOT) lanes are operated based on voluntary HOV declarations by drivers. A majority of these declarations are wrong to leverage faster HOV lane speeds illegally. It is a herculean task to manually regulate HOV lanes and identify these violators. Therefore, an automated way of counting the number of people in a car is prudent for fair tolling and for violator detection.In this paper, we propose a Vehicle Passenger Detection System (VPDS) which works by capturing images through Near Infrared (NIR) cameras on the toll lanes and processing them using deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) models. Our system has been deployed in 3 cities over a span of two years and has served roughly 30 million vehicles with an accuracy of 97% which is a remarkable improvement over manual review which is 37% accurate. Our system can generate an accurate report of HOV lane usage which helps policy makers pave the way towards de-congestion.
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Liu, Fang, Yuanzhen Cao, Kevin Pinz, Yu Ma, Masayuki Wada, Kevin Chen, Gina Ma, et al. "First-in-Human CLL1-CD33 Compound CAR T Cell Therapy Induces Complete Remission in Patients with Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Update on Phase 1 Clinical Trial." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-110579.
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Abstract Background CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has achieved high efficacy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. However, the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has remained a particular challenge due to the heterogeneity of AML bearing cells, which renders single antigen targeting CAR T cell therapy ineffective. CLL1 and CD33 are often used as targets for AML CAR T cell therapy. CLL1 is associated with leukemia stem cells and disease relapse, and CD33 is expressed on the bulk AML disease. Previously, we demonstrated the profound anti-tumor activity of CLL1-CD33 compound CAR (cCAR) T cells. Here we present the efficacy of cCAR in preclinical study and update the success in level 1 dose escalation clinical trial on relapsed/refractory AML patients. Methods We engineered a cCAR comprising of an anti-CLL1 CAR linked to an anti- CD33 CAR via a self-cleaving P2A peptide and expressing both functional CAR molecules on the surface of a T-cell cell. We tested the anti-leukemic activities of CLL1-CD33 cCAR using multiple AML cell lines, primary human AML samples, human leukemia cell line (REH cells) expressing either CLL1 or CD33, and multiple mouse models. An alemtuzumab safety switch has also been established to ensure the elimination of CAR T cells following tumor eradication. Children and adults with relapsed/refractory AML were enrolled in our phase 1 dose escalation trial with primary objective to evaluate the safety of cCAR and secondary objective to assess the efficacy of cCAR anti-tumor activity. Results Co-culture assays results showed that cCAR displayed profound tumor killing effects in AML cell lines, primary patient samples and multiple mouse model systems. Our preclinical findings suggest that cCAR, targeting two discrete AML antigens: CLL1 and CD33, is an effective two-pronged approach in treating bulk AML disease and eradicating leukemia stem cells. Patients enrolled in the phase 1 dose escalation trial have shown remarkable response to cCAR treatment. Noticeably, a 6-yr-old female patient diagnosed with a complex karyotype AML including FLT3-ITD mutation had achieved complete remission. The patient was diagnosed with Fanconi anemia, which had progressed to juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and eventually transformed into AML. The patient had been resistant to multiple lines of treatments, including 5 cycles of chemotherapy with FLT3 inhibitor prior to receiving cCAR. Before the treatment, patient's leukemia blasts comprised 73% of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and 81% of the bone marrow. Patient underwent lymphodepletion therapy (Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide) prior to cCAR infusion. Two split doses, each consisting of 1x106/kg CAR T cells, were infused on day 1 and day 2 respectively. On day 12, while leukemia blast still counting up to 98% of the bone marrow (Fig. 1A), robust CAR T cell expansion was detected in both peripheral blood and bone marrow. On day 19, patient achieved MRD- complete remission with bone marrow aspirates revealing complete ablation of myeloid cells (Fig. 1B). Flow cytometry confirmed the absence of leukemia blasts and showed that CAR T cells comprised 36% of the PBMC and 60% of the bone marrow. The patient later underwent non-myeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation with less toxicities compared to conventional total body radiation and high dose chemotherapies. Updated results on other patients enrolled in this clinical trial including adverse events will be presented. Conclusion Our first-in-human clinical trial demonstrates promising efficacy of cCAR therapy in treating patients with relapsed/ refractory AML. cCAR is able to eradicate leukemia blasts and leukemia stem cells, exerting a profound tumor killing effect that is superior to single target CAR T cell therapies. cCAR is also shown to induce total myeloid ablation in bone marrow, suggesting that it may act as a safer alternative to avoid the severe toxicities caused by standard bone marrow ablation regimens without sacrificing the anti-tumor efficacy. This strategy will likely benefit patients who are unable to tolerate total body radiation or high dose chemotherapies. In addition to AML, cCAR also has the potential to treat blast crisis developed from myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myeloid leukemia, and chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm. Disclosures Pinz: iCell Gene Therapeutics LLC: Employment. Ma:iCAR Bio Therapeutics Ltd: Employment. Wada:iCell Gene Therapeutics LLC: Employment. Chen:iCell Gene Therapeutics LLC: Employment. Ma:iCell Gene Therapeutics LLC: Employment. Ma:iCell Gene Therapeutics LLC, iCAR Bio Therapeutics Ltd: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Research Funding.
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Duncan, Denvil, Arthur Lin Ku, Alyssa Julian, Sanya Carley, Saba Siddiki, Nikolaos Zirogiannis, and John D. Graham. "Most Consumers Don’t Buy Hybrids: Is Rational Choice a Sufficient Explanation?" Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 10, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2018.24.
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Although federal regulation of vehicle fuel economy is often seen as environmental policy, over 70% of the estimated benefits of the 2017–2025 federal standards are savings in consumer expenditures on gasoline. Rational-choice economists question the counting of these benefits since studies show that the fuel efficiency of a car is reflected in its price at sale and resale. We contribute to this debate by exploring why most consumers in the United States do not purchase a proven fuel-saving innovation: the hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV). A database of 110 vehicle pairs is assembled where a consumer can choose a hybrid or gasoline version of virtually the same vehicle. Few choose the HEV. A total cost of ownership model is used to estimate payback periods for the price premiums associated with the HEV choice. In a majority of cases, a rational-choice explanation is sufficient to understand consumer disinterest in the HEV. However, in a significant minority of cases, a rational-choice explanation is not readily apparent, even when non-pecuniary attributes (e.g., performance and cargo space) are considered. Future research should examine, from a behavioral economics perspective, why consumers do not choose HEVs when pricing and payback periods appear to be favorable.
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Xu, Jin, Kui Yang, YiMing Shao, and GongYuan Lu. "An Experimental Study on Lateral Acceleration of Cars in Different Environments in Sichuan, Southwest China." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/494130.
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In view of the tremendous improvements in the dynamic performance of automobiles and changes in the composition of drivers over the past several decades, it is valuable to examine the distribution of automobile’s lateral acceleration in new environments. The lateral accelerations, speeds, and trajectory curvatures of a passenger car on twelve highways with different design speeds and topographies were obtained. By synchronizing, matching, and counting, the distribution of the lateral acceleration was obtained, and the level of driving comfort was estimated. The10th,15th,50th,85th, and90thpercentile values of the lateral acceleration on three road types (six-lane road, four-lane road, and two-lane road) were found. Combined with scatter diagrams of the lateral acceleration over the curvature, the negative correlation between the lateral acceleration and the curvature was analyzed and interpreted. In addition, regression models of the lateral acceleration with the curvature for the three kinds of roads were established. Based on scatter diagrams of the lateral acceleration over the speed, regression models of the averageaydepending on the speed and the85thpercentileaydepending on the speed of passenger cars and buses were established. The research provides calculation parameters and a control basis for operating speed prediction, pavement material design, and maximum and minimum limit value determination for the superelevation ratios and curve radii.
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Ishchenko, Vitalii. "Assessment of spent batteries streams in Ukraine." Environmental safety and natural resources 38, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2021.2.55-63.
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The goal of this study is the analysis of quantitative parameters and dynamics of spent batteries generation in Ukraine and mass balance assessment of their streams. The assessment used statistical data from international trade organizations and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine on the number of produced, imported, exported batteries, and spent batteries generated. Analysis of statistics on spent batteries generation in the world shows a significant difference in quantity, which is due to different ways of spent batteries management and approaches to counting. The estimated mass of batteries sold in Ukraine is about 20 thousand tons per year. The weight of household batteries (excluding car batteries) is estimated as 4.5-7 thousand tons per year (110-170 grams per year per person) and corresponds to the data of some EU countries. Among household batteries, alkaline and lithium-ion batteries are the most common. Study of batteries quantity in the waste has shown a significant data divergence between the expected mass of batteries in the waste and official statistics. This is probably due to the low efficiency of the waste accounting system. In recent years, there is a trend of reducing the mass of batteries placed on the market and reducing their share in the waste (but such trends are not a case for household batteries). According to unofficial data, the weight of the collected spent household batteries is 2-3 tons per year or 0,05-0,08 grams per year per 1 person. The level of spent batteries collection (including car batteries) is estimated at 19%, and household batteries – only 0.1% that is much lower than in the EU countries. About 75–80% of spent batteries (99% of spent household batteries) are not accounted in waste streams. Besides, batteries in the waste of electrical and electronic equipment remain unaccounted.The scientific novelty of the study is the development of mass balance of spent batteries in Ukraine, which will ensure more efficient management of their flows. The practical value of the paper includes assessment of spent batteries volume in Ukraine for further analysis of the possibilities of their recycling.
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Chamberland, Simon, Yulia Timofeeva, Alesya Evstratova, Kirill Volynski, and Katalin Tóth. "Action potential counting at giant mossy fiber terminals gates information transfer in the hippocampus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 28 (June 26, 2018): 7434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720659115.
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Neuronal communication relies on action potential discharge, with the frequency and the temporal precision of action potentials encoding information. Hippocampal mossy fibers have long been recognized as conditional detonators owing to prominent short-term facilitation of glutamate release displayed during granule cell burst firing. However, the spiking patterns required to trigger action potential firing in CA3 pyramidal neurons remain poorly understood. Here, we show that glutamate release from mossy fiber terminals triggers action potential firing of the target CA3 pyramidal neurons independently of the average granule cell burst frequency, a phenomenon we term action potential counting. We find that action potential counting in mossy fibers gates glutamate release over a broad physiological range of frequencies and action potential numbers. Using rapid Ca2+ imaging we also show that the magnitude of evoked Ca2+ influx stays constant during action potential trains and that accumulated residual Ca2+ is gradually extruded on a time scale of several hundred milliseconds. Using experimentally constrained 3D model of presynaptic Ca2+ influx, buffering, and diffusion, and a Monte Carlo model of Ca2+-activated vesicle fusion, we argue that action potential counting at mossy fiber boutons can be explained by a unique interplay between Ca2+ dynamics and buffering at release sites. This is largely determined by the differential contribution of major endogenous Ca2+ buffers calbindin-D28K and calmodulin and by the loose coupling between presynaptic voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and release sensors and the relatively slow Ca2+ extrusion rate. Taken together, our results identify a previously unexplored information-coding mechanism in the brain.
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Chong, Elise A., Bruce L. Levine, Stephan A. Grupp, Megan Davis, Don L. Siegel, Shannon L. Maude, Whitney Lynn Gladney, et al. "CD19-Directed CAR T-Cell (CTL019) Product Viability and Clinical Outcomes in Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas and B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-197.
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Abstract Introduction: CTL019 is an anti-CD19 genetically modified autologous T-cell immunotherapy developed at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) that was recently approved for treatment of relapsed/refractory pediatric and young adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and adult relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) as tisagenlecleucel (Novartis). For ALL, the FDA-approved dose is 0.2 to 5.0 x 106 CAR-positive viable T cells per kg of body weight for patients ≤ 50 kg or 0.1 to 2.5 x 108 CAR-positive viable T cells for pts > 50 kg; for DLBCL, the FDA-approved dose is 0.6 to 6.0 x 108 CAR-positive viable T cells. For CTL019 manufactured at Penn, the dose is determined by flow cytometric staining of CAR-positive T cells, which are cryopreserved in product bags along with replicate aliquots of the final formulation in vials, simultaneously cryopreserved for release testing. The CTL019 product release criteria include a post thaw viability assessment using a vial of replicate aliquot of the final formulation for Trypan blue exclusion or dual fluorescence automated cell counting (Luna-FL, Logos Biosystems). There are no published data examining the relationship between CTL019 viability release testing and clinical outcomes. Methods: We analyzed CTL019 post thaw viability release testing in patients treated on one prospective single institution clinical trial of CD19-expressing non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) (NCT02030834) and two single-institution prospective pediatric ALL clinical trials (NCT01626495 and NCT02906371). Patients were assessed for response to therapy and CAR T-cell expansion. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for prediction of complete responses based on sensitivity and specificity of CAR T-cell product post thaw viability release test results. Results: 39 pts with relapsed/refractory NHL (24 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and 15 follicular lymphoma) were enrolled and received the protocol-specified dose of CTL019. Best response rate was 56% (22/39) complete responses (CR). 123 pts with relapsed/refractory pediatric ALL were enrolled and received the protocol-specified dose of CTL019. Best response rate was 96% (118/123) CR/complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi). For patients with NHL infused with CTL019, product % viability had a median of 89.8% viability (range: 73.7%-97.7%); product % viability quintiles were as follows: 20%-tile=81.7%, 40%-tile=88.3%, 60%-tile=91.1%, 80%-tile=94.8%). ROC area for NHL patients was 0.47 (95%CI: 0.28-0.65). For patients with ALL infused with CTL019, product % viability had a median of 89.3% viability (range: 56.0%-98.4%); product % viability quintiles were as follows: 20%-tile=82.3%, 40%-tile=87.5%, 60%-tile=90.9%, 80%-tile=94.4%). ROC area for ALL patients was 0.52 (95%CI: 0.32-0.71). For patients with NHL, progression-free survival (PFS) was not significantly influenced by product viability release test results by Cox proportional hazards (HR: 1.0, 95%CI: 0.94-1.09, p=0.7). For patients with NHL, peak CAR T-cell expansion was not significantly correlated with product viability release test results (r2=0.12, p=0.5). Data collection for Cox analysis to investigate the effect of release test viability on PFS and correlation of release test viability with peak CTL019 expansion in ALL is ongoing and will be presented. Conclusions: Our data suggest that, within the ranges obtained in these trials, there is no clear dose-response relationship between CTL019 product viability release test results and clinical response rates in pediatric and young adult ALL or DLBCL. Figure Figure. Disclosures Chong: Novartis: Consultancy. Levine:Cure Genetics: Consultancy; Brammer Bio: Consultancy; CRC Oncology: Consultancy; Incysus: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Tmunity Therapeutics: Equity Ownership, Research Funding. Grupp:Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Consultancy, Research Funding; Adaptimmune: Consultancy; University of Pennsylvania: Patents & Royalties; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy. Davis:Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Inc.: Patents & Royalties. Siegel:Novartis: Research Funding. Maude:Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Frey:Novartis: Consultancy; Servier Consultancy: Consultancy. Porter:Genentech: Other: Spouse employment; Novartis: Other: Advisory board, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Kite Pharma: Other: Advisory board. June:Immune Design: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Tmunity Therapeutics: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Celldex: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Immune Design: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Tmunity Therapeutics: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Schuster:Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Dava Oncology: Consultancy, Honoraria; Merck: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Nordic Nanovector: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genentech: Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Fidrayani, Fidrayani, Rina Syafrida, and Puspa Ayu Melodyana. "Increased Numeracy Skills of Children with Snakes and Ladders Game." Journal of Early Childhood Education (JECE) 2, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jece.v2i1.14971.
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This research aims to improve the ability to count 4 - 5 years old children with snakes and ladders in group A PAUD Dahlia. The method used in this research is collaborative classroom action research using Kemmis and Mc Taggart's models. CAR is implemented as an effort to overcome problems that arise in the classroom. Method is carried out in four stages, are planning, action, implementation, and reflection. The subjects of the study were students of group A PAUD Dahlia, ten (n=10) children. The object of this study is the ability to count 4 - 5 years old children. Data collection method used is observation. Technical data analysis was done in a descriptive qualitative and quantitative manner. The established success indicator is that at least 75% of 10 children reach the counting ability. This research was conducted in two cycles. The results of the study indicate that the numeracy skill has increased. Increased numeracy skills can be seen from the indicator ability to count objects 1-10, recognize the concept of numbers, recognize symbols 1-10, mention symbols 1-10, matching numbers with symbol numbers. Increased numeracy skills of children aged 4-5 years with snakes and ladders in the implementation of pre-action 31, 5%, and in the first cycle increased to 51.5%, because it is still less than the success criteria that should be carried out then the next action is cycle II and increased greatly good by getting a percentage of 85%. Many games for children was suggested for increase numeracy skills.
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Venkatcharyulu, S., and V. Mallikarjunareddy. "Traffic volume Analysis of Newly Developing semi-urban Road." E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401116.
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The purpose of the study and analyze traffic vehicular at peak hours, traffic congestion, determine level of service and provide suitable solution to reduce congestion and improve level of service. Hyderabad is a rapidly urbanizing metropolitan city with a population of 68.1lakhs. The increasing population has led to a tremendous increase in vehicular ownership resulting in high motorization rates. Vehicular population in Hyderabad is about 50lakhs. This increase in vehicular population, congestion and hazardous traffic conditions have resulted in traffic congestions, traffic delays, accidents, environ, noise pollution, air pollution and many more. Traffic volume studies are conducted for the counting number vehicles in th study area . . Data obtained from Nizampet road from the Miyapur useful for the identification of Heavy vehicular flow which studied and number of vehicle movement has studied . The data collected from surveys will be used for determination(PHO) and analysing the traffic volume, passenger car unit (PCU), congestion, Peak hour factor and Directional distribution, volume capacity ratio. A report is to be made on the road of 7km, semi urban road Miyapur X road to Nizampet ,(Hyderabad,INDIA) is studied for vehicles count, road conditions, traffic conditions, peak hour volume, pedestrian count where congestion usually happens, manually using tally sheets and recommend some measures for increasing Level of service of the road. The semi urban road has newly grown village which is immediate vicinity to the developed area. Hence the study of This traffic vehicular moment will help the local authorities to take decisions and finally control over movement of the vehicles.
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Noor, Fu'ad Arif, and Sri Suwanti. "Pengembangan Bermain Bowling Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengenal Angka Pada Anak Kelompok A Ba Aisyiyah Wunut Tulung Klaten." Journal of Education Research 2, no. 2 (July 23, 2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37985/jer.v2i2.47.
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The problem in the research is that group A students at BA Aisyiyah Wunut Tulung Klaten, do not yet have the ability to recognize optimal numbers in terms of mentioning numbers 1 to 10, counting objects, mentioning the order of objects, and connecting objects with number symbols. So how is the implementation of playing bowling to improve the ability to recognize numbers in group A children at BA Aisyiyah Wunut Tulung Klaten. And how to increase the ability to recognize numbers through bowling for group A children at BA Aisyiyah Wunut Tulung Klaten.The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of bowling in improving the ability to recognize numbers in children of group A in BA Aisyiyah Wunut Tulung Klaten and to determine the increase in ability to recognize numbers through bowling in children of group A in BA Aisyiyah Wunut Tulung Klaten. This study used a classroom action research (CAR) approach with 16 children in group A at BA Aisyiyah Wunut Tulung Klaten as research subjects. The research was carried out in two cycles, using qualitative data collection techniques with observation, interviews and documentation.The results showed that the implementation of learning to recognize numbers by playing bowling made the children of group A in BA Aisyiyah Wunut Tulung Klaten interested, which can be seen from the results of research with completeness before the action reached 0%, increased in cycle 1 it reached 25%, in cycle 2 it reached 50 %, so the child's ability to recognize numbers from pre-action and cycle II has increased by 50%.
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Tonetto, Mateus Rodrigues, Marcos André dos Santos da Silva, Milton Carlos Kuga, Matheus Coelho Bandeca, Célia Regina Maio Pinzan-Vercelino, Maria Reggiani Azevedo Carvalho, Carla Adriana Rodrigues de Sousa Brito, Viriato Campelo, and Rudys Rodolfo De Jesus Tavarez. "Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity between Chemical Disinfectants on Contaminated Orthodontic Pliers." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 16, no. 8 (2015): 619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1731.
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ABSTRACT Aim To compare the antimicrobial activity of the chemical substances—70% isopropyl alcohol, 2% glutaraldehyde (GTA) and 0.25% peracetic acid (PAA) in disinfecting orthodontic pliers contaminated in vitro with Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Materials and methods Distal end cutter pliers were divided into five groups: group 1 (negative control—sterilized pliers), group 2 (positive control—sterilized plier, subsequently contaminated), group 3 (disinfected with 70% isopropyl alcohol, friction method), group 4 (disinfected with 2% GTA, immersion method for 30 minutes), group 5 (disinfected with 0.25% peracetic acid (PAA), immersion method for 10 minutes). After the pliers were treated with one disinfectant and submitted to microbiological evaluation (by counting colony forming units), they were submitted to the same cleansing, sterilizing and contaminating processes, and were used in the following groups (crossover and washout study). The two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, followed by the Tukey test, was used to compare the groups. Results The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the three tested disinfectants. Conclusion Although there were no statistically significant differences between the disinfectants, the chemical agents 2% glutaraldehyde and 0.25% PAA were effective in inhibiting the growth of the three microorganisms tested; however, 70% isopropyl alcohol was unable to completely eliminate S. aureus. Clinical significance The chemical substances 2% glutaraldehyde and 0.25% PAA completely eliminated the microorganisms tested. How to cite this article Carvalho MRA, dos Santos da Silva MA, de Sousa Brito CAR, Campelo V, Kuga MC, Tonetto MR, De Jesus Tavarez RR, Bandéca MC, Pinzan-Vercelino CRM. Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity between Chemical Disinfectants on Contaminated Orthodontic Pliers. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):619-623.
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Leblay, Noemie, Ranjan Maity, Elie Barakat, Sylvia McCulloch, Peter Duggan, Victor Jimenez-Zepeda, Nizar J. Bahlis, and Paola Neri. "Cite-Seq Profiling of T Cells in Multiple Myeloma Patients Undergoing BCMA Targeting CAR-T or Bites Immunotherapy." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-137650.
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Adaptive T cell therapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) have demonstrated encouraging responses in heavily pre-treated multiple myeloma (MM) patients. However, the cellular and molecular predictors of clinical response are not fully understood as well as the mediators of acquired resistance remain elusive. Local immune suppression and T cell exhaustion are important mediators of responses therefore, it is plausible to speculate that a tolerant tumor microenvironment and the expansion of specific T cell populations may dictate clinical responses. In this study, we performed at the single cell level a broad immunophenotypic and transcriptomic characterization of the blood and bone marrow (BM) T cells of sensitive and resistant MM patients treated with adaptive T cell therapies. Using cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) we measured the expansion of variable T cell subsets, T cell specific activation and inhibitor markers and their functional states in order to identify cellular mediators of resistance to these adoptive immune therapies. Serial blood samples and BM aspirates (n=12) were collected from patients treated with anti-BCMA CAR-T or BCMA-CD3 BiTEs at variable time points, prior and post initiation of therapy and at relapse. Bone marrow mononuclear fractions were isolated through ficoll density gradients coupled with magnetic sorting of CD3pos T cells. Unbiased mRNA profiling coupled with feature barcoding technology for cell surface protein (TotalSeq-B) of BM CD3pos T cells was then performed by using the chromium single cell (10x Genomics). Paired-end sequencing was performed on Illumina platform. Cell Ranger and Seurat pipeline were used for sample de-multiplexing, barcode processing, single-cell 3′ gene counting, cell surface protein expression and data analysis. CAR-T cells were identified by the expression of the chimeric CAR-T cell transcript. The parallel measurement of transcripts and cell surface protein phenotypes of CD3pos T cells using a panel of 19 immune surface markers underlined the T cell repertoire diversity and identified different T cell subsets among the CD8pos and CD4pos T cells. Notably, the cell surface protein information overlaid on the transcript-generated UMA allowed accurate identification of all main immune clusters, in particular for the CD45RA and CD45RO positive cells. Comparison of CITE-Seq features revealed that the T cells composition of the blood and BM niches differed significantly between sensitive and resistant patients. As such an enrichment of CD4pos T cells with a higher CD4:CD8 ratio was noted in responding patients. Phenotypic (CD45RA, CD45RO, CD95, CCR7, CD62L, CD28, CD27) and transcriptional signatures (TCF7, LEF1, GATA3, EOMES, TBX21, PRDM1) also identified a higher proportion of memory like T cells (Tscm, Tcm) in responding patients. In contrast, T cells of resistant patients were enriched with terminally exhausted (Tex) and senescent cells with loss of CD28, high GMZHand GMZB, CD57pos, CD69pos and CD160pos as well as upregulation of TBX21. Expression of T cell checkpoint inhibitors such as LAG3, TIGIT and PD1 was high in these Tex cells as well as in some Tem. Of note, ex vivo T cell activation studies with TIGIT blockade demonstrated T cell activation in an autologous MM and T cell co-culture system with enhanced MM cells death. An expanded cluster of regulatory T cells (Treg) FOXP3pos,CD25pos was also observed in two resistant patients. Of note, no loss of BCMA transcript or surface expression was noted in MM cells at the time of acquired resistance. Single cell transcriptome of primary MM cells and chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) analyses of T cells of these patients are ongoing to investigate the transcriptional programs and epigenetic factors underlying the immune escape. Combined single cell features profiling of the transcriptome and surface protein expression of T cells from MM patients receiving BCMA targeted CAR-T or BiTEs therapies revealed potential mediators of resistance. In particular, T cells composition (low CD4:CD8 ratio and reduced population of Tscm, Tcm) along with an enrichment of terminally exhausted T cells are the main features observed in resistant patients. Delineating these mechanisms will guide future T cells engineering studies to enhance the efficacy and response durability of adoptive immunotherapy in MM. Disclosures McCulloch: Amgen: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria. Duggan:Jannsen: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Novartis: Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy; Astra Zeneca: Consultancy. Jimenez-Zepeda:Janssen, Celgene, Amgen, Takeda: Honoraria. Bahlis:AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria; Genentech: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS/Celgene and Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, Accomodations, Research Funding; Karyopharm Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria. Neri:Celgene/BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria.
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Zougheibe, Roula, Beverly Jepson, Richard Norman, Ori Gudes, and Ashraf Dewan. "Is there a correlation between children’s outdoor active mobility behaviour and neighbourhood safety? A systematic review of the evidence." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e047062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047062.
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ObjectiveTo identify, summarise and evaluate evidence on the correlation between perceived and actual neighbourhood safety (personal and road danger) and diverse forms of outdoor active mobility behaviour (ie, active play, exercise, and travel) among primary-school-aged children.DesignA systematic review of evidence from observational studies exploring children’s active mobility behaviour and safety.Data sourcesSix electronic databases were searched: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest and Web of Science from study inception until July 2020.Data extraction and synthesisStudy selection and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. We expanded on a quality assessment tool and adopted a vote-counting technique to determine strength of evidence. The outcomes were categorised by individual, family and neighbourhood levels.ResultsA total of 29 studies were included, with a majority of cross-sectional design. Higher parental perceived personal safety correlated with increased children’s active mobility behaviour, but most commonly in active travel (eg, independent walking or cycling to a local destination). Increased concerns regarding road danger correlated with a decrease in each type of children’s active behaviour; active travel, play and exercise. However, these correlations were influenced by child’s sex/gender, age, car ownership, neighbourhood types, across time, and proximity to destination. Limited or inconclusive evidence was found on correlate of children’s outdoor active mobility behaviour to ‘stranger danger’, children’s perceived personal safety, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status or measured safety.ConclusionChildren are restricted by perception of safety. Encouraging children’s active travel may require future strategies to address characteristics relevant to types of the neighbourhood that promote a high sense of personal safety. Children and parents may embrace other types of active mobility behaviour if road danger is mitigated. Sex/gender and age-specific interventions and redesign of public places could lead to child-friendly cities. Future studies may benefit from adopting validated measurement methods and fill existing research gaps.
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Johnson, Charles Richard. "Better Than Counting Sheep." Callaloo 24, no. 4 (2001): 1058–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2001.0271.
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Rearick, Emma L., and Gregory L. Newmark. "Reducing Rural Car Ownership: Cultural Not Policy Changes?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 6 (September 1, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118790327.
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Automobile use is recognized as affecting public health, environmental sustainability, land use, and household expense. Car use is closely tied to car ownership rates. Most car ownership research focuses on urban areas; however, 97% of the United States’ land area and a fifth of its population remains rural. Factors that affect car ownership in these communities may be different than in more urbanized areas. This research focuses on the 2,285 counties in the continental United States that are defined as entirely rural by the guidelines established in the Agricultural Act of 2014. These counties were grouped by five multi-state regions using U.S. Census Bureau definitions. Their percentage changes in car ownership, as well as other demographic variables, over a quarter century were calculated using data from the 1990 Decennial Census and the 2014 5-Year American Community Survey. A multiple regression model was estimated for each grouping to identify counties with lower-than-expected changes in car ownership. For each grouping, one of these outlying counties was selected and matched with another county whose changes in car ownership were within expected ranges given demographic developments. Local professionals were then interviewed to identify policies possibly responsible for the difference in car ownership trends between the matched-pair counties. The interviews suggested that, contrary to expectation, transportation policies had no discernable effect on rural car ownership, but land use polices and, more often, cultural factors linked to changing populations were associated with reduced rural car ownership.