Relevant bibliographies by topics / Car body design

Academic literature on the topic 'Car body design'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Car body design"

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Furrer, Peter. "Car body design with aluminium sheets." ATZautotechnology 8, no. 5 (May 2008): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03247053.

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Zhang, Guo-sheng, Jing-hong Li, Hui-qi Shi, and Wei-liang Dai. "Lightweight Design of Car Body Structure." Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development (English Edition) 7, no. 1 (March 2013): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jhtrcq.0000032.

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Piskun, Alexander. "The challenges facing car body design." ATZ worldwide 119, no. 5 (April 28, 2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38311-017-0046-8.

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Liu, Xuan Zuo, Hui Min Wang, Fei Zhang, Yu Long Zhang, and Qian Cheng Liu. "The Body Design and Body Flow Passage Digital Simulation Analysis of the Solar Car." Applied Mechanics and Materials 364 (August 2013): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.364.14.

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This paper designs the three-dimensional body modelling of a solar car prototype mainly according to the World Solar Challenge rules, and carries on the flow field digital simulation analysis. This paper analyzes the air resistance of the car body and adjusts to the body shape, and ultimately gets a model well accorded with air dynamics. This paper provides scientific theoretical basis for the design and manufacture of the solar car prototype.
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Liu, Da Cheng. "Research and Design of Automobile Car Body CAD System under CADCAM Integration Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 443 (October 2013): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.443.44.

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With the rapid development of computer technology, the processing ability of image simulation system is becoming stronger and stronger. The widely used AutoCAD (Computer Aided Design technology) in automobile car body drawing gradually extends to automation direction,and it can be more widely used.Realizing the informationization deepening in automobile car body drawing has a very important significance for the modernization construction of our country.Based on the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of AutoCAD technology,this paper puts forwards the application of reliable transmission technology in automobile car body drawing operation,designs automation model of automobile car body drawing system and introduces the information feedback of transport layer in this mechanism,so as to achieve the optimization of highly efficient application in automobile car body drawing system.
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., Thiagarajan. "DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A CAR BODY." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 07, no. 05 (May 25, 2018): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2018.0705004.

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Hou, Shi Yuan. "The Application of Hybrid Design Method in Car Body Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 192 (July 2012): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.192.455.

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Reverse design and forward design have their strong points each other. The advantages of reverse design lie in the treatment of free-form complex modeling, while forward design is good in modeling in simpler feature. The car body often contains complex curved surface and some simple features. Through a single reverse or forward design can’t realize the efficient design. In order to combine advantages of reverse and forward design, using the hybrid design process design can improve the efficiency of the development of car body.
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Chen, Ding Yue, Li Hao Chen, Feng Lin, Dong Xu, and An Chang. "Theoretical Study of Solar Car Based on Finite Element." Advanced Materials Research 933 (May 2014): 603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.933.603.

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This paper is concerned with an optimization design for the solar car body under a single load is carried out by using finite element optimization design (FEOD) model. Topology optimization and sizing optimization are explored to find out an optimal manufacturing feasible design from multiple optimized designs of material reinforcement of the solar car body for rigidity improvement. The application of these methods demonstrates that through innovative utilization of the topology optimization technique, an optimal manufacturing feasible design can be obtained. The relationship between the rigidity improvement and different configuration of material reinforcement is also investigated. It is concluded that through appropriate application of FEOD methods, the overall rigidity of the solar car body framework can be improved substantially in a cost effective manner and provides more convincing evidence for optimization design of the solar car body. The results demonstrate that the optimized solar car body is safer and lighter.
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Baier, Andrzej, Łukasz Grabowski, Łukasz Stebel, Mateusz Komander, Przemysław Konopka, Alicja Kołodziej, and Paweł Żur. "Numeric analysis of airflow around the body of the Silesian Greenpower vehicle." MATEC Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 05014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817805014.

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Numerical analysis of drag values of an electric race car's body. Silesian Greenpower is a student organization specializing in electric race car design. One of the most important issues during the design is reducing the vehicle drag to minimum and is done, mainly, by designing a streamline car body. The aim of this work was to design two electric cars bodies with different shape in Siemens NX CAD software, next a finite elements mesh was created and implemented into the ANSYS Workbench 16.1 software. Afterwards an aerodynamic analysis was carried out, using the finite element method (FEM). Simulations and calculations have been performed in ANSYS Fluent: CFD Simulation software. Computer simulation allowed to visualize the distribution of air pressure on and around car, the air velocity distribution around the car and aerodynamics streamline trajectory. The results of analysis were used to determine the drag values of electric car and determine points of the highest drag. In conclusion car body representing lower drag was appointed. The work includes theoretical introduction, containing information about finite element method, ANSYS and Siemens NX software and also basic aerodynamics laws.
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Wang, Xu Long, Yi Fang, Meng Jun Song, and Tian Chun Feng. "Research on the Key Technologies for EMU Carbody Design CAD System Based on Pro/Toolkit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.249.

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CAD secondary development is to solve the problem of "personality". In this paper, A CAD System for EMU car-body design was developed based on Pro/Toolkit in Visual C++ Integrated Development Environment. The composition and functions of the system was introduced in details, then several key technologies to realize the function of the system were discussed, including Parametric EMU car-body model building technology based on TBS Database access technology based on Universal Classes Model preview technology based on OCX and Parameter-driven technology.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Car body design"

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Sugiono. "Investigating an intelligent concept design tool for automotive car body design." Thesis, University of Derby, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/334913.

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The newly designed car in the automotive industry should meet the customers' requirements, e.g. the outlook of the car, size of the car, usage of the car, among other requirements. It must still consider the factors of social life, resources and environmental problems during the automotive design, such as fuel consumption, emission, global warming, noise, accidents etc. [1], [2], [3]. As a result, the right concept of automotive body design still includes a measurement of its performance and an investigation of its effect on modem life. The aim of the project is to create a car body concept design tool to achieve the design for fuel consumption, design for aerodynamic noise and design for car body vibration. The system is developed with two options for the user: partial limited function car body design and full function car body design. In the partial limited function design, the user is asked to modify the limited size values on three optimized car body designs; optimum saloon car body design, optimum estate car body design, and optimum hatchback car body design which only took place in the small, local sensitive areas. For the full function car body design, the user is allowed to design the overall automotive's size to create a new outlooking vehicle. In order to do so, databases were created to store information pertaining to size versus fuel, size versus vibration, and size versus noise. As per academic style, the research project begins with the literature review and then concentrates on the survey of the geometry types of existing car body designs. The information has been analyzed and classified to serve as references in building the car body models. It is then tested by using Computational Aero-acoustic (CAA) for noise (dB), Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) for fuel economic factors (lift force and drag coefficient), and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for vibration (Hz). At this stage, all the information from simulation tests are collected and inputted into the database. At the same time, a Taguchi tool is employed to select the optimum BPNN architecture with Genetic Algorithm (GA) which is used to train the BPNN. Finally, the thesis will deliver the car body design modules for estate, saloon and hatchback types with complete information pertaining to external aerodynamic noise, aerodynamic vibration and fuel consumption
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Bylund, Nicklas. "Simulation driven product development applied to car body design /." Luleå, 2004. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2004/33/index.html.

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Sandberg, Stefan. "Knowledge enabled engineering : applied to car body design [Elektronisk resurs]." Licentiate thesis, Luleå, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-62218.

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To stay competitive in a global market companies push to make their product development process more efficient with respect to added customer value, shorter time to market, efficient knowledge and technology transfer. To achieve this they depend on the choice of work procedures, suitable processes, methods, available knowledge and experiences, CAE tools and appropriate competence to manage the mentioned for concept creation and concept realization.This licentiate thesis presents a new method how to capture, store and reuse information and knowledge. It also includes discussions about which new technologies that are needed for Functional Product Development and a demonstrator that shows how downstream knowledge can be captured and realized in a computer application ready to use for designers in the early phases of the product development process. Focus for the method and demonstrator lies in the conceptual phase, since designers have most or best opportunities to change the design in this early phase. A change of the design later in the project will become more expensive and difficult and it might even be impossible to compensate or correct the shortcomings of a poor design concept.The new method and demonstrator are results of case studies made at Volvo Cars Corporation in Gothenburg, discussions and work shops together with the ProViking partner companies Volvo Cars Corporation, Volvo Aero, Sandvik Coromant and Hägglunds Drives.
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Himmetoglu, Selcuk. "Car seat design and human-body modelling for rear impact whiplash mitigation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11691.

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Whiplash is a neck injury caused by the sudden differential movement between the head and torso. Whiplash injuries are most commonly reported as a consequence of rear impacts in car accidents. They are regarded as minor injuries, but can still lead to long-term disablement and discomfort in the neck. Whiplash injuries can be mitigated by better car seat designs. For this purpose, head restraint geometry must be improved first, and then the dynamic performance of the whole seat must be assessed at all crash seventies. A biofidelic human-body model is a key requirement in designing whiplash mitigating car seats. This thesis presents the development of a 50th percentile male multi-body human model and several energy absorbing car seat designs. The human-body model is specifically designed for rear impact and validated using the responses of seven volunteers from Japanese Automobile Research Institute (JARI) sled tests, which were performed at an impact speed of 8 kph with a rigid seat and without head restraint and seat belt. A generic multi-body car seat model is also developed to implement various seatback and recliner properties, anti-whiplash devices (A WDs) and head restraints. Using the same driving posture and the rigid seat in the JARI sled tests as the basic configuration, several anti-whiplash seats are designed to allow different types of motion for the seatback and seat-pan. The major findings of this research are: -The human-body model simulates the effects of muscle contraction and its overall response is superior in comparison to the currently used models and dummies. -A criterion called the S-shape index (SSI) is developed based on the intervertebral angles of the upper and lower cervical spine. -The car seat design concepts are able to control and use crash energy effectively with the aid of anti-whiplash devices for a wide range of crash seventies. -In order to reduce whiplash injury risk, this study advocates energy absorbing car seats which can also provide head restraint contact as early as possible.
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Rzyman, Michal. "Design sportovního víkendového automobilu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445154.

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This diploma thesis deals with the design of the bodywork of a weekend sports car, based on the current Sigma TN vehicle, in order for better appearance and extended usability. The goal is accomplished by a new dynamic exterior design. Where the usability issue is solved by a modular roof system and luggage compartment. This work provides a new perspective on the concept and design of cars designed primarily for leisure driving.
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Kratochvíl, Jaroslav. "Návrh designu vozu Mitsuoka Kit Car." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233971.

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A dissertation deals with small single-placed car body design (so-called microcar cathegory). The new design is based on the undercart and the engine of serial Mitsuoka Kit Car. Therefore the aim belongs to re-design tasks. Analytical part of the dissertation deals with two basic questions influencing the final draft. The Corporate identity at first and a problematic of the target group level of aesthetical perception linked to preferred design. On grounds of analysis the core values for new design have been set down. The particular values have been presented with the help of existing reference objects from the field of automotive design. This part also includes a questionnairy, which had been focused on prefered design conception. Due to low microcars topic awareness in Czech Republic, the questionnairy had informational character and the final design conception has been chosen on the base of functional aspects analysis. The final design development, shown on sketches and basic software renderings, is based on gradual steps that lead to the core values expression with regards to input parameters and basic design rules as well. The final design is introduced together with description of its technical solution and detailed design. The solution respects the mentioned target group and the institution Corporate Identity.
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Wennberg, David. "Multi-Functional Composite Design Concepts for Rail Vehicle Car Bodies." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Järnvägsgruppen, JVG, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122391.

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Structures and material combinations, tailored for multiple purposes, are within the reach of vehicle manufacturers. Besides reducing the environmental impact of the transportation sector these multi-functional structures can reduce costs, such as development, manufacturing and maintenance, and at the same time offer improved comfort to the passengers. This thesis sets out to develop multi-functional design algorithms and evaluate concepts for future composite high speed train car bodies with the objective of optimising the amount of mass needed to fulfil all functions of the structure. In a first step complete composite car bodies were developed, optimised and evaluated based on global stiffness requirements and load cases. The knowledge gained in this step was used as requirements for the strength and stiffness of panels during the continued development of the multi-functional optimisation which, besides strength and stiffness, later also considers sound transmission, thermal insulation, geometric restrictions, manufacturability and fire safety. To be able to include fire safety in the analysis, a method for simulating the high temperature response of layered composite structures was needed, and developed. Significant weight reductions are proven when utilising carbon fibre in the load carrying structure of the vehicle, on component level as high as 60%. Structures can be made significantly thinner when using the algorithms developed in this thesis and wall thickness is reduced by 5-6 cm. Analysis carried out and extensive literature surveys also suggest significant cost savings in manufacturing, maintenance and use-phase, even thou the raw material cost can be significantly higher as compared to the conventional steel or aluminium alternatives. Results from drive cycle simulations showed that the benefit, with respect to reduced energy consumption, is in the range of 0.5-0.8% per reduced weight percentage, comparable to both automotive and air applications. The algorithms and methods established in this thesis can be directly applied for the development and analysis of future high speed train car bodies.

QC 20130521

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Divina, Ladislav. "Design užitkového automobilu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227953.

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Fagerström, Jacob. "Rear end crash simulation using Human Body Models : An investigation of the design of seat structure using a 50th percentile female Human Body Model." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79046.

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In this master thesis it have been investigated how the stiffness of a seat affect the risk of neck injuries, e.g whiplash associated disorders, in a rear end low velocity car collision using a female human body model, HBM, and if dividing the seat into several sections with different stiffnesses. The project is performed in collaboration with CEVT, China Euro Vehicle Technology, a innovation center of the Geely Holding Group. The HBM used is the VIVA open source HBM developed by Chalmers University of Technology together with Volvo Cars, The Swedish National Road and Transport ResearchInstitute (VTI) and Folksams forskningsstiftelse. Two different seats were investigated, a generic seat and the seat of the existing Lynk&Co 01. The stiffness of the seat had a significant impact on the risk of neck injuries, but does not seem to be a good idea to divide the seat into several sections since the height of the individual in the seat influence what stiffness is optimal for each section. It was also discovered that the relative distance between the head and the headrest at the moment of impact has a great affect on the risk of neck injuries.
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de, Fluiter Travis. "Design of lightweigh electric vehicles." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2438.

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The design and manufacture of lightweight electric vehicles is becoming increasingly important with the rising cost of petrol, and the effects emissions from petrol powered vehicles are having on our environment. The University of Waikato and HybridAuto's Ultracommuter electric vehicle was designed, manufactured, and tested. The vehicle has been driven over 1800km with only a small reliability issue, indicating that the Ultracommuter was well designed and could potentially be manufactured as a solution to ongoing transportation issues. The use of titanium aluminide components in the automotive industry was researched. While it only has half the density of alloy steel, titanium aluminides have the same strength and stiffness as steel, along with good corrosion resistance, making them suitable as a lightweight replacement for steel components. Automotive applications identified that could benefit from the use of TiAl include brake callipers, brake rotors and electric motor components.
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Books on the topic "Car body design"

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Wood, Jonathan. Coachbuilding: The hand-crafted car body. Oxford: Shire Publications, 2008.

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Pinewood Derby designs & patterns. East Petersburg, PA: Fox Chapel Pub., 2007.

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Silber, Gerhard. Preventive Biomechanics: Optimizing Support Systems for the Human Body in the Lying and Sitting Position. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Laurence, Coté Gerard, and SPIE (Society), eds. Optical diagnostics and sensing XI: Toward point-of-care diagnosics ; and, Design and performance validation of phantoms used in conjunction with optical measurement of tissue III : 22, 24, and 26, January 2011, San Francisco, California, United States. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2011.

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Coté, Gerard Laurence, and Robert J. Nordstrom. Optical diagnostics and sensing XII: Toward point-of-care diagnostics ; and design and performance validation of phantoms used in conjunction with optical measurement of tissue IV : 21-22 and 25-26 January 2012, San Francisco, California, United States. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2012.

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Danilo, De Rossi, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Wearable Monitoring Systems. Boston, MA: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011.

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Lobanov, Aleksey. Biomedical foundations of security. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1007643.

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The textbook discusses the threats and risks to life and health of people in post-industrial society. The role and place of medical and biological technologies in the system of ensuring the safety of the population of the Russian Federation are shown from the standpoint of an interdisciplinary approach. Briefly, but quite informative, the structure of the human body and the principles of its functioning are described. The specificity and mechanism of toxic effects on humans of harmful substances, energy effects and combined action of the main damaging factors of sources of emergency situations of peace and war are shown. The medical and biological aspects of ensuring the safety of human life in adverse environmental conditions, including in regions with hot and cold climates (Arctic) are considered. Means and methods of first aid to victims are shown. The questions of organization and carrying out of measures of medical support of the population in zones of emergency situations and the centers of defeat are covered. Designed for students, students and cadets of educational institutions of higher education, studying under the bachelor's program. It can also be useful for teachers, researchers and a wide range of professionals engaged in practical work on the planning and organization of biomedical protection of the population.
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Alternatives in Jewish bioethics. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.

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Anselm, Dieter, and Anselm Deiter. The Passenger Car Body. Society of Automotive Engineers Inc, 2000.

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The Passenger Car Body. Design, Deformation Characteristics, Accident Repair. Vogel, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Car body design"

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Klass, R., E. Kaufmann, and B. Kuhn. "Car Body Design And Manufacturing With SYRKO." In Freeform Tools in CAD Systems, 107–28. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86773-5_7.

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Al-Zaher, A., W. ElMaraghy, and Z. J. Pasek. "Enabling Car Body Customization through Automotive Framing Systems Design." In Enabling Manufacturing Competitiveness and Economic Sustainability, 445–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23860-4_73.

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Mbang, Sama, and Siegmar Haasis. "The Feature-Based Styling Process in Car Body Engineering." In Methods and Tools for Co-operative and Integrated Design, 119–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2256-8_11.

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Andersson, Roger K. E. "The Direct Modification of Surface Curvatures in Car Body Design." In Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 94, 69–80. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-82967-2_10.

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Hu, Ping, Liang Ying, and Bin He. "The Optimization Design and Manufacture of Hot Stamping Mold." In Hot Stamping Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Lightweight Car Body, 279–309. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2401-6_10.

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Bruckmeier, S. C., and J. Wellnitz. "Car Body Design with Polyurethane Composites Produced by an Innovative Pultrusion Process." In Sustainable Automotive Technologies 2012, 55–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24145-1_8.

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Duddeck, Fabian, and Hans Zimmer. "Modular Car Body Design and Optimization by an Implicit Parameterization Technique via SFE CONCEPT." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 413–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33835-9_39.

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Akram, Abdul Vaseem, M. Ajay Kumar, K. C. Vora, and Mohammad Rafiq. "Design and Validation of a Race Car with Respect to Aerodynamics and Body Styling." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 651–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33835-9_60.

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Camberg, Alan A., Ina Stratmann, and Thomas Tröster. "TAILORED STACKED HYBRIDS – AN OPTIMIZATION-BASED APPROACH IN MATERIAL DESIGN FOR FURTHER IMPROVEMENT IN LIGHTWEIGHT CAR BODY STRUCTURES." In Technologies for economical and functional lightweight design, 119–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58206-0_12.

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Camberg, Alan A., Thomas Tröster, and Clemens Latuske. "Development of a Hybrid Crash-Relevant Car Body Component with Load-Adapted Thickness Properties: Design, Manufacturing and Testing." In Technologies for economic and functional lightweight design, 329–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62924-6_28.

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Conference papers on the topic "Car body design"

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Ling, Bin, Fengchao Peng, and Ailan Li. "The Car Body Control Bus Design Based on CAN/LIN Bus." In 2011 International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences (ICCIS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccis.2011.279.

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Iwahara, M., H. Sakamoto, T. Matsuuki, H. Shibata, Y. Tanaka, and A. Nagamatsu. "A New Method for Car Body Design Optimization." In Noise & Vibration Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/911074.

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Yao, Shuguang, Hongqi Tian, and Ping Xu. "Structure Optimal Design of Maglev Train Car Body." In Eighth International Conference of Chinese Logistics and Transportation Professionals (ICCLTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40996(330)345.

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Zhang, Cong, Chong Chen, and Yuebo Ma. "Design of Portable Car Body Posture Monitoring System." In 2015 International Industrial Informatics and Computer Engineering Conference. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iiicec-15.2015.449.

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Langerak, Nico A. J., and Simon P. Kragtwijk. "The Application of Steel and Aluminum in a New Lightweight Car Body Design." In International Body Engineering Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/982285.

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Jiang, Nan, Hui Liu, Heng Wang, and Xuelong Hu. "Car body Hybrid design technology in forward and reverse way." In 2010 IEEE 11th International Conference on Computer-Aided Industrial Design & Conceptual Design 1. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/caidcd.2010.5681384.

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Garrelts, Enno, David Fabis, Daniel Roth, Martin Werz, Hansgeorg Binz, and Stefan Weihe. "DEFICITS IN THE SELECTION OF JOINING PROCESSES FOR CAR BODY DESIGN." In 15th International Design Conference. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Croatia; The Design Society, Glasgow, UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21278/idc.2018.0193.

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Li, Guan-nan, Ming Zeng, Yu Ma, Qi Li, and Wen-kang Xu. "Design of Double-Body Car-Snake Hybrid Transformable Robot." In 2020 39th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ccc50068.2020.9188511.

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Mathai, Thomas K., and Donald L. Cronin. "Application of Fuzzy Sets to Car Body Structure NVH Design." In International Conference On Vehicle Structural Mechanics & Cae. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/951093.

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Hongzhe Zhang, Shuren Zhang, Ping Hu, and Wenbin Hou. "An intelligent system based on optimization for car body design." In 2009 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2009.5164472.

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Reports on the topic "Car body design"

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Apostolatos, A., R. Rossi, and C. Soriano. D7.2 Finalization of "deterministic" verification and validation tests. Scipedia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/exaqute.2021.2.006.

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This deliverable focus on the verification and validation of the solvers of Kratos Multiphysics which are used within ExaQUte. These solvers comprise standard body-fitted approaches and novel embedded approaches for the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations carried out within ExaQUte. Firstly, the standard body-fitted CFD solver is validated on a benchmark problem of high rise building - CAARC benchmark and subsequently the novel embedded CFD solver is verified against the solution of the body-fitted solver. Especially for the novel embedded approach, a workflow is presented on which the exact parameterized Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model is used in an efficient manner for the underlying CFD simulations. It includes: A note on the space-time methods Verification results for the body-fitted solver based on the CAARC benchmark Workflow consisting of importing an exact CAD model, tessellating it and performing embedded CFD on it Verification results for the embedded solver based on a high-rise building API definition and usage
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Duan, Yuanqiong, Xin Huang, Ailing Liang, Rutie Yin, and Mengpei Zhang. A comparison of the efficacy and feasibility of different regional anesthesia modes in cesarean section：A systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0093.

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Review question / Objective: To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of different regional anesthesia techniques in patients who received cesarean section. Condition being studied: The current study aims to perform a network meta-analysis to comprehensively compare the regional anesthesia methods for postoperative pain in patients scheduled for elective cesarean section and try to find an optimal method that can serve as a reference in clinical practice. Information sources: Two investigators (YY and SS) independently extracted the data. Information was extracted about participant characteristics (age, gestational week, American society of Anesthesiologist grade (ASA), body mass index(BMI), etc.), study design, anesthesia methods, and analgesic efficacy outcomes. The data were extracted from the text, tables, and graphs of each study.
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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald Nachman. Rationally designed insect neuropeptide agonists and antagonists: application for the characterization of the pyrokinin/Pban mechanisms of action in insects. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587235.bard.

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The general objective of this BARD project focused on rationally designed insect neuropeptide (NP) agonists and antagonists, their application for the characterization of the mechanisms of action of the pyrokinin/PBAN (PK-PBAN) family and the development of biostable, bioavailable versions that can provide the basis for development of novel, environmentally-friendly pest insect control agents. The specific objectives of the study, as originally proposed, were to: (i) Test stimulatory potencies of rationally designed backbone cyclic (BBC) peptides on pheromonotropic, melanotropic, myotropic and pupariation activities; (ii) Test the inhibitory potencies of the BBC compounds on the above activities evoked either by synthetic peptides (PBAN, LPK, myotropin and pheromonotropin) or by the natural endogenous mechanism; (iii) Determine the bioavailability of the most potent BBC compounds that will be found in (ii); (iv) Design, synthesize and examine novel PK/PBAN analogs with enhanced bioavailability and receptor binding; (v) Design and synthesize ‘magic bullet’ analogs and examine their ability to selectively kill cells expressing the PK/PBAN receptor. To achieve these goals the agonistic and antagonistic activities/properties of rationally designed linear and BBC neuropeptide (NP) were thoroughly studied and the information obtained was further used for the design and synthesis of improved compounds toward the design of an insecticide prototype. The study revealed important information on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of agonistic/antagonistic peptides, including definitive identification of the orientation of the Pro residue as trans for agonist activity in 4 PK/PBANbioassays (pheromonotropic, pupariation, melanotropic, & hindgut contractile) and a PK-related CAP₂b bioassay (diuretic); indications that led to the identification of a novel scaffold to develop biostbiostable, bioavailable peptidomimetic PK/PBANagonists/antagonists. The work led to the development of an arsenal of PK/PBAN antagonists with a variety of selectivity profiles; whether between different PKbioassays, or within the same bioassay between different natural elicitors. Examples include selective and non-selective BBC and novel amphiphilic PK pheromonotropic and melanotropic antagonists some of which are capable of penetrating the moth cuticle in efficacious quantities. One of the latter analog group demonstrated unprecedented versatility in its ability to antagonize a broad spectrum of pheromonotropic elicitors. A novel, transPro mimetic motif was proposed & used to develop a strong, selective PK agonist of the melanotropic bioassay in moths. The first antagonist (pure) of PK-related CAP₂b diuresis in flies was developed using a cisPro mimetic motif; an indication that while a transPro orientation is associated with receptor agonism, a cisPro orientation is linked with an antagonist interaction. A novel, biostablePK analog, incorporating β-amino acids at key peptidase-susceptible sites, exhibited in vivo pheromonotropic activity that by far exceeded that of PBAN when applied topically. Direct analysis of neural tissue by state-of-the-art MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry was used to identify specific PK/PK-related peptides native to eight arthropod pest species [house (M. domestica), stable (S. calcitrans), horn (H. irritans) & flesh (N. bullata) flies; Southern cattle fever tick (B. microplus), European tick (I. ricinus), yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti), & Southern Green Stink Bug (N. viridula)]; including the unprecedented identification of mass-identical Leu/Ile residues and the first identification of NPs from a tick or the CNS of Hemiptera. Evidence was obtained for the selection of Neb-PK-2 as the primary pupariation factor of the flesh fly (N. bullata) among native PK/PK-related candidates. The peptidomic techniques were also used to map the location of PK/PK-related NP in the nervous system of the model fly D. melanogaster. Knowledge of specific PK sequences can aid in the future design of species specific (or non-specific) NP agonists/antagonists. In addition, the study led to the first cloning of a PK/PBAN receptor from insect larvae (S. littoralis), providing the basis for SAR analysis for the future design of 2ⁿᵈgeneration selective and/or nonselective agonists/antagonists. Development of a microplate ligand binding assay using the PK/PBAN pheromone gland receptor was also carried out. The assay will enable screening, including high throughput, of various libraries (chemical, molecular & natural product) for the discovery of receptor specific agonists/antagonists. In summary, the body of work achieves several key milestones and brings us significantly closer to the development of novel, environmentally friendly pest insect management agents based on insect PK/PBANNPs capable of disrupting critical NP-regulated functions.
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Yang, Xinwei, Huan Tu, and Xiali Xue. The improvement of the Lower Limb exoskeletons on the gait of patients with spinal cord injury: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0095.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of lower extremity exoskeletons in improving gait function in patients with spinal cord injury, compared with placebo or other treatments. Condition being studied: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a severely disabling disease. In the process of SCI rehabilitation treatment, improving patients' walking ability, improving their self-care ability, and enhancing patients' self-esteem is an important aspect of their return to society, which can also reduce the cost of patients, so the rehabilitation of lower limbs is very important. The lower extremity exoskeleton robot is a bionic robot designed according to the principles of robotics, mechanism, bionics, control theory, communication technology, and information processing technology, which can be worn on the lower extremity of the human body and complete specific tasks under the user's control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the lower extremity exoskeleton on the improvement of gait function in patients with spinal cord injury.
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Lehtimaki, Susanna, Aisling Reidy, Kassim Nishtar, Sara Darehschori, Andrew Painter, and Nina Schwalbe. Independent Review and Investigation Mechanisms to Prevent Future Pandemics: A Proposed Way Forward. United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2021/1.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has created enormous challenges for national economies, livelihoods, and public services, including health systems. In January 2021, the World Health Organization proposed an international treaty on pandemics to strengthen the political commitment towards global pandemic preparedness, control, and response. The plan is to present a draft treaty to the World Health Assembly in May 2021. To inform the design of a support system for this treaty, we explored existing mechanisms for periodic reviews conducted either by peers or an external group as well as mechanisms for in-country investigations, conducted with or without country consent. Based on our review, we summarized key design principles requisite for review and investigation mechanisms and explain how these could be applied to pandemics preparedness, control, and response in global health. While there is no single global mechanism that could serve as a model in its own right, there is potential to combine aspects of existing mechanisms. A Universal Periodic Review design based on the model of human rights treaties with independent experts as the authorized monitoring body, if made obligatory, could support compliance with a new pandemic treaty. In terms of on-site investigations, the model by the Committee on Prevention of Torture could lend itself to treaty monitoring and outbreak investigations on short notice or unannounced. These mechanisms need to be put in place in accordance with several core interlinked design principles: compliance; accountability; independence; transparency and data sharing; speed; emphasis on capabilities; and incentives. The World Health Organization can incentivize and complement these efforts. It has an essential role in providing countries with technical support and tools to strengthen emergency preparedness and response capacities, including technical support for creating surveillance structures, integrating non-traditional data sources, creating data governance and data sharing standards, and conducting regular monitoring and assessment of preparedness and response capacities.
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Lehtimaki, Susanna, Kassim Nishtar, Aisling Reidy, Sara Darehshori, Andrew Painter, and Nina Schwalbe. Independent Review and Investigation Mechanisms to Prevent Future Pandemics: A Proposed Way Forward. United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/pb-f/2021/2.

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Based on the proposal by the European Council, more than 25 heads of state and the World Health Organization (WHO) support development of an international treaty on pandemics, that planned to be negotiated under the auspices of WHO, will be presented to the World Health Assembly in May 2021. Given that the treaty alone is not enough to ensure compliance, triggers for a high-level political response is required. To this end, to inform the design of a support system, we explored institutional mechanismsi with a mandate to review compliance with key international agreements in their signatory countries and conduct independent country investigations in a manner that manages sovereign considerations. Based on our review, there is no single global mechanism that could serve as a model in its own right. There is, however, potential to combine aspects of existing mechanisms to support a strong, enforceable treaty. These aspects include: • Periodic review - based on the model of human rights treaties, with independent experts as the authorized monitoring body to ensure the independence. If made obligatory, the review could support compliance with the treaty. • On-site investigations - based on the model by the Committee on Prevention of Torture according to which visits cannot be blocked by state parties. • Non-negotiable design principles - including accountability; independence; transparency and data sharing; speed; emphasis on capabilities; and incentives. • Technical support - WHO can provide countries with technical assistance, tools, monitoring, and assessment to enhance emergency preparedness and response.
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Tetzlaff, Sasha, Jinelle Sperry, Bruce Kingsburg, and Brett DeGregorio. Captive-rearing duration may be more important than environmental enrichment for enhancing turtle head-starting success. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41800.

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Raising captive animals past critical mortality stages for eventual release (head-starting) is a common conservation tactic. Counterintuitively, post-release survival can be low. Post-release behavior affecting survival could be influenced by captive-rearing duration and housing conditions. Practitioners have adopted environmental enrichment to promote natural behaviors during head-starting such as raising animals in naturalistic enclosures. Using 32 captive-born turtles (Terrapene carolina), half of which were raised in enriched enclosures, we employed a factorial design to explore how enrichment and rearing duration affected post-release growth, behavior, and survival. Six turtles in each treatment (enriched or unenriched) were head-started for nine months (cohort one). Ten turtles in each treatment were head-started for 21 months (cohort two). At the conclusion of captive-rearing, turtles in cohort two were overall larger than cohort one, but unenriched turtles were generally larger than enriched turtles within each cohort. Once released, enriched turtles grew faster than unenriched turtles in cohort two, but we otherwise found minimal evidence suggesting enrichment affected post-release survival or behavior. Our findings suggest attaining larger body sizes from longer captive-rearing periods to enable greater movement and alleviate susceptibility to predation (the primary cause of death) could be more effective than environmental enrichment alone in chelonian head-starting programs where substantial predation could hinder success.
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Midak, Liliia Ya, Ivan V. Kravets, Olga V. Kuzyshyn, Khrystyna V. Berladyniuk, Khrystyna V. Buzhdyhan, Liliia V. Baziuk, and Aleksandr D. Uchitel. Augmented reality in process of studying astronomic concepts in primary school. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4411.

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The objective of the research is development a mobile application (on the Android platform) designed for visualization of the Solar System with the AR technology and the alphabet study, applying the astronomic definitions, which can be used by the teacher and the students for an effective training for studying the subjects of the astronomic cycle in primary school. Augmented Reality cards with the images of the Solar System planets and other celestial bodies were developed, as well as the “Space alphabet” was created. In the developed alphabet every letter of the alphabet becomes a certain celestial body or a different astronomic definition. Augmented Reality gives the opportunity to visualize images of the Solar System as much as possible, in other words to convert 2D images into 3D, as well as “make them alive”. Applying this tool of ICT while studying new data gives the ability to develop and improve the pupils’ spatial thinking, “to see” the invisible and to understand the perceived information in a deeper way, which will be beneficial for its better memorizing and development of computer skills. Studying the alphabet in the offered mobile app will definitely help nail the achieved knowledge and get interesting information about celestial bodies that are invisible and superior for kids; to make a journey into the space, prepare a project on “The Space Mysteries” subject; to stimulate the development of curiosity, cognitive motivation and learning activity; the development of imagination, creative initiative, including speaking out.
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Lewis, Dustin, and Naz Modirzadeh. Taking into Account the Potential Effects of Counterterrorism Measures on Humanitarian and Medical Activities: Elements of an Analytical Framework for States Grounded in Respect for International Law. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/qbot8406.

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For at least a decade, States, humanitarian bodies, and civil-society actors have raised concerns about how certain counterterrorism measures can prevent or impede humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In 2019, the issue drew the attention of the world’s preeminent body charged with maintaining or restoring international peace and security: the United Nations Security Council. In two resolutions — Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) — adopted that year, the Security Council urged States to take into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities, including medical activities, that are carried out by impartial humanitarian actors in a manner consistent with international humanitarian law (IHL). By implicitly recognizing that measures adopted to achieve one policy objective (countering terrorism) can impair or prevent another policy objective (safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities), the Security Council elevated taking into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities to an issue implicating international peace and security. In this legal briefing, we aim to support the development of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to devise and administer a system to take into account the potential effects of counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. Our primary intended audience includes the people involved in creating or administering a “take into account” system and in developing relevant laws and policies. Our analysis zooms in on Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) and focuses on grounding the framework in respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL. In section 1, we introduce the impetus, objectives, and structure of the briefing. In our view, a thorough legal analysis of the relevant resolutions in their wider context is a crucial element to laying the conditions conducive to the development and administration of an effective “take into account” system. Further, the stakes and timeliness of the issue, the Security Council’s implicit recognition of a potential tension between measures adopted to achieve different policy objectives, and the relatively scant salient direct practice and scholarship on elements pertinent to “take into account” systems also compelled us to engage in original legal analysis, with a focus on public international law and IHL. In section 2, as a primer for readers unfamiliar with the core issues, we briefly outline humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. Then we highlight a range of possible effects of the latter on the former. Concerning armed conflict, humanitarian activities aim primarily to provide relief to and protection for people affected by the conflict whose needs are unmet, whereas medical activities aim primarily to provide care for wounded and sick persons, including the enemy. Meanwhile, for at least several decades, States have sought to prevent and suppress acts of terrorism and punish those who commit, attempt to commit, or otherwise support acts of terrorism. Under the rubric of countering terrorism, States have taken an increasingly broad and diverse array of actions at the global, regional, and national levels. A growing body of qualitative and quantitative evidence documents how certain measures designed and applied to counter terrorism can impede or prevent humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In a nutshell, counterterrorism measures may lead to diminished or complete lack of access by humanitarian and medical actors to the persons affected by an armed conflict that is also characterized as a counterterrorism context, or those measures may adversely affect the scope, amount, or quality of humanitarian and medical services provided to such persons. The diverse array of detrimental effects of certain counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities may be grouped into several cross-cutting categories, including operational, financial, security, legal, and reputational effects. In section 3, we explain some of the key legal aspects of humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. States have developed IHL as the primary body of international law applicable to acts and omissions connected with an armed conflict. IHL lays down several rights and obligations relating to a broad spectrum of humanitarian and medical activities pertaining to armed conflicts. A violation of an applicable IHL provision related to humanitarian or medical activities may engage the international legal responsibility of a State or an individual. Meanwhile, at the international level, there is no single, comprehensive body of counterterrorism laws. However, States have developed a collection of treaties to pursue specific anti-terrorism objectives. Further, for its part, the Security Council has assumed an increasingly prominent role in countering terrorism, including by adopting decisions that U.N. Member States must accept and carry out under the U.N. Charter. Some counterterrorism measures are designed and applied in a manner that implicitly or expressly “carves out” particular safeguards — typically in the form of limited exceptions or exemptions — for certain humanitarian or medical activities or actors. Yet most counterterrorism measures do not include such safeguards. In section 4, which constitutes the bulk of our original legal analysis, we closely evaluate the two resolutions in which the Security Council urged States to take into account the effects of (certain) counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. We set the stage by summarizing some aspects of the legal relations between Security Council acts and IHL provisions pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. We then analyze the status, consequences, and content of several substantive elements of the resolutions and what they may entail for States seeking to counter terrorism and safeguard humanitarian and medical activities. Among the elements that we evaluate are: the Security Council’s new notion of a prohibited financial “benefit” for terrorists as it may relate to humanitarian and medical activities; the Council’s demand that States comply with IHL obligations while countering terrorism; and the constituent parts of the Council’s notion of a “take into account” system. In section 5, we set out some potential elements of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to develop and administer its “take into account” system in line with Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019). In terms of its object and purpose, a “take into account” system may aim to secure respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. In addition, the system may seek to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts that also qualify as counterterrorism contexts. We also identify two sets of preconditions arguably necessary for a State to anticipate and address relevant potential effects through the development and execution of its “take into account” system. Finally, we suggest three sets of attributes that a “take into account” system may need to embody to achieve its aims: utilizing a State-wide approach, focusing on potential effects, and including default principles and rules to help guide implementation. In section 6, we briefly conclude. In our view, jointly pursuing the policy objectives of countering terrorism and safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities presents several opportunities, challenges, and complexities. International law does not necessarily provide ready-made answers to all of the difficult questions in this area. Yet devising and executing a “take into account” system provides a State significant opportunities to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities and counter terrorism while securing greater respect for international law.
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Tang, Jiqin, Gong Zhang, Jinxiao Xing, Ying Yu, and Tao Han. Network Meta-analysis of Heat-clearing and Detoxifying Oral Liquid of Chinese Medicines in Treatment of Children’s Hand-foot-mouth Disease：a protocol for systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0032.

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Review question / Objective: The type of study was clinical randomized controlled trial (RCT). The object of study is the patients with HFMD. There is no limit to gender and race. In the case of clear diagnosis standard, curative effect judgment standard and consistent baseline treatment, the experimental group was treated with pure oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine(A: Fuganlin oral liquid, B: huangzhihua oral liquid, C: Lanqin oral liquid, D: antiviral oral liquid, E: Huangqin oral liquid, F: Pudilan oral liquid, G: Shuanghuanglian oral liquid.)and the control group was treated with ribavirin or any oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine. The data were extracted by two researchers independently, cross checked and reviewed according to the pre-determined tables. The data extraction content is (1) Basic information (including the first author, published journal and year, research topic). (2) Relevant information (including number of cases, total number of cases, gender, age, intervention measures, course of treatment of the experimental group and the control group in the literature). (3) Design type and quality evaluation information of the included literature. (4) Outcome measures (effective rate, healing time of oral ulcer, regression time of hand and foot rash, regression time of fever, adverse reactions.). The seven traditional Chinese medicine oral liquids are comparable in clinical practice, but their actual clinical efficacy is lack of evidence-based basis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use the network meta-analysis method to integrate the clinical relevant evidence of direct and indirect comparative relationship, to make quantitative comprehensive statistical analysis and sequencing of different oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine with the same evidence body for the treatment of the disease, and then to explore the advantages and disadvantages of the efficacy and safety of different oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine to get the best treatment plan, so as to provide reference value and evidence-based medicine evidence for clinical optimization of drug selection. Condition being studied: Hand foot mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in pediatrics caused by a variety of enteroviruses. Its clinical manifestations are mainly characterized by persistent fever, hand foot rash, oral herpes, ulcers, etc. Because it is often found in preschool children, its immune system development is not perfect, so it is very vulnerable to infection by pathogens and epidemic diseases, resulting in rapid progress of the disease. A few patients will also have neurogenic pulmonary edema Meningitis, myocarditis and other serious complications even lead to death, so effectively improve the cure rate, shorten the course of disease, prevent the deterioration of the disease as the focus of the study. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has played an important role in the research of antiviral treatment. Many clinical practices have confirmed that oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine can effectively play the role of antiviral and improve the body's immunity.
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