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Journal articles on the topic 'Capuchin'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Sepúlveda, Juan Mansilla, and Catalina Rivera Gutiérrez. "Militarización de la escuela chilena a principios del siglo XX. El modelo alemán Bávaro en tierras Mapuches." Revista Brasileira de Política e Administração da Educação - Periódico científico editado pela ANPAE 35, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.21573/vol35n32019.97567.

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ResumenEste artículo busca comprender la actuación pedagógica de los misioneros capuchinos bávaros y el disciplinamiento que ejercieron a través de las escuelas misionales e internados de los cuerpos de niños mapuches. La investigación es de carácter exploratoria-descriptiva y analiza fuentes primarias, escritas y visuales, encontradas en archivos en Chile y Alemania. Los resultados del estudio evidencian rasgos militares en ideario formativo capuchino, lo que se evidencia en las vestimentas y modos de disposición del cuerpo a las que fueron obligados a practicar niños mapuches en la primera mitad del siglo XX en la región de la Araucanía en Chile. Palabras clave: educación militarizada-capuchinos alemanes- niños mapuche- disciplinamiento del cuerpoSumárioEste artigo procura investigar a prática pedagógica dos missionários capuchinhos da Baviera e a disciplina que exerceram nos corpos das crianças mapuche, dentro das escolas missionárias e internatos. A pesquisa é exploratória e descritiva e analisa as principais fontes escritas e visuais encontradas em arquivos no Chile e na Alemanha. Os resultados do estudo mostram características militares na ideologia formativa capuchinha, evidenciadas pelas maneiras pelas quais as crianças mapuche foram forçadas a viver na primeira metade do século XX na região de Araucanía, no Chile.Palavras-chave: educação militarizada-capuchinhos alemães- crianças mapuche- disciplina corporalAbstractThis article aims to understand the pedagogical performance of the Bavarian Capuchin missionaries and the discipline they exercised of the bodies of Mapuche children through the missionary and school boardings. The research is exploratory-descriptive and analyzes primary sources, written and visual, found in archives in Chile and Germany. The results of the study show military features in a Capuchin formative ideology, which is evidenced in the clothing and body disposition modes to which Mapuche children were forced to practice in the first half of the 20th century in the Araucanía region of Chile.Keywords: militarized education-German Capuchins- Mapuche children- Body discipline
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2

Brandão, Angela, Raquel Costa, Evelina Rodrigues, and Luis Vicente. "Using behaviour observations to study personality in a group of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) in captivity." Behaviour 156, no. 3-4 (2019): 203–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003537.

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Abstract This article presents a novel approach to the study of primate personality and illustrates it with a study of capuchin monkeys. While most personality studies with capuchin monkeys have used rating questionnaires, the research method of this study relies instead on direct behaviour observations. In an effort to capitalize on the full richness of behavioural observation data, we used both statistical and non-statistical methods to analyse data from behavioural observations of a group of capuchin monkeys in captivity. Interest in capuchin monkeys as a species has increased due to their cognitive capacities, behavioural flexibility and complex social structure, as well as many similarities with great apes in dimensions of personality. In this study we focus in three aspects of personality: diversity, flexibility and complexity. Our results provide a detailed picture of these aspects of capuchins’ personality, including the degree of “predictability” and “unusualness” of individual capuchins’ behaviour.
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3

Zhang, Shuyi, and Lixin Wang. "Following of Brown Capuchin Monkeys by White Hawks in French Guiana." Condor 102, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.1.198.

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Abstract One group of brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) was observed for 19 months in French Guiana. White Hawks (Leucopternis albicollis) were seen in association with these monkeys throughout the year. Our study revealed that: (1) hawks mainly followed capuchins in open forest types, and in this vegetation they mainly flew at the height of 10–20 m from the ground where horizontal visibility is better than in other strata of the forest, (2) hawks usually landed preceding the monkey troop spreading into an area, and they followed the capuchin troop when the monkeys were traveling, and (3) no predation of any capuchins by hawks occurred at any time during our study, and seven times it was observed that hawks captured arboreal snakes disturbed by the movement of capuchins. We propose that White Hawks followed brown capuchins in this Amazonian forest primarily for capturing arboreal snakes disturbed by monkey troop movements.
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4

Andrade, Bruna M. T., Robério Freire-Filho, and Bruna Bezerra. "The behaviours of a female blonde capuchin (Sapajus flavius) towards her dead infant." Behaviour 157, no. 14-15 (October 7, 2020): 1231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10042.

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Abstract Here we describe the behaviour of a female blonde capuchin (Sapajus flavius) towards her dead infant and discuss possible explanations linked to the anecdotal event. We conducted our study in a fragment of Atlantic forest in Northeastern Brazil where we have been monitoring a blonde capuchin population, with over 163 individuals, since 2010. Our observations show that the behaviours of female blonde capuchins towards dead infant include corpse carrying, which may be related to maternal-bond strength and grief management. Two adult males cooperated with the vulnerable female by protecting her during group travelling even though offspring survival was no longer a possibility. The present study complements the current knowledge of thanatology in Neotropical primates.
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5

Barrett, Brendan J., Claudio M. Monteza-Moreno, Tamara Dogandžić, Nicolas Zwyns, Alicia Ibáñez, and Margaret C. Crofoot. "Habitual stone-tool-aided extractive foraging in white-faced capuchins, Cebus capucinus." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 8 (August 2018): 181002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181002.

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Habitual reliance on tool use is a marked behavioural difference between wild robust (genus Sapajus ) and gracile (genus Cebus ) capuchin monkeys. Despite being well studied and having a rich repertoire of social and extractive foraging traditions, Cebus sp. rarely use tools and have never been observed using stone tools. By contrast, habitual tool use by Sapajus is widespread. We review theory and discuss factors which might explain these differences in patterns of tool use between Cebus and Sapajus . We then report the first case of habitual stone tool use in a gracile capuchin: a population of white-faced capuchins ( Cebus capucinus imitator ) in Coiba National Park, Panama who habitually rely on hammerstone and anvil tool use to access structurally protected food items in coastal areas including Terminalia catappa seeds, hermit crabs, marine snails, terrestrial crabs and other items. This behaviour has persisted on one island in Coiba National Park since at least 2004. From 1 year of camera trapping, we found that stone tool use is strongly male-biased. Of the 205 camera trap days where tool use was recorded, adult females were never observed to use stone tools, although they were frequently recorded at the sites and engaged in scrounging behaviour. Stone tool use occurs year-round in this population; over half of all identifiable individuals were observed participating. At the most active tool use site, 83.2% of days where capuchins were sighted corresponded with tool use. Capuchins inhabiting the Coiba archipelago are highly terrestrial, under decreased predation pressure and potentially experience resource limitation compared to mainland populations—three conditions considered important for the evolution of stone tool use. White-faced capuchin tool use in Coiba National Park thus offers unique opportunities to explore the ecological drivers and evolutionary underpinnings of stone tool use in a comparative within- and between-species context.
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6

Galetti, Mauro, and Fernando Pedroni. "Seasonal diet of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) in a semideciduous forest in south-east Brazil." Journal of Tropical Ecology 10, no. 1 (February 1994): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400007689.

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ABSTRACTThe diet of capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella, in a 250 ha semideciduous forest in south-east Brazil was studied for 44 consecutive months. Based on 367 feeding bouts the diet of capuchins was 53.9% fruit pulp, 16.0% seeds, 11.1% flowers, 6.3% leaves and new shoots, 1.5% roots and 13.9% corn from plantations surrounding the forest. Seventy-one plant species were consumed by capuchins. Food availability was markedly seasonal. During the dry season the fleshy fruit availability decreased, and at that time the capuchins became seed predators and flowereaters. Several fruits eaten by capuchins in the dry season were not consumed by other frugivorous vertebrates, such as howler monkeys, parrots or squirrels, allowing capuchins to avoid competition with other arboreal frugivores. In semideciduous forests where fleshy fruits are less abundant than in the wet forests capuchins are important seed predators.
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7

Lara Astiz, Miren, and José Ángel Echeverría OFMCap. "La Biblioteca Central (provincial) de Capuchinos de Pamplona Extramuros." Las bibliotecas de Navarra: acceso a la información y el conocimiento / Nafarroako liburutegiak: informazioa eta ezagutza eskuratzeko bidea, no. 275 (May 29, 2020): 1341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/pv.275.16.

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RESUMEN El artículo describe la Biblioteca Central (provincial) de Capuchinos de Pamplona Extramuros, desde sus inicios en 1606 hasta lo que es actualmente: una de las cuatro sedes de la Biblioteca Central de los Capuchinos de España. Sus secciones temáticas destacables son la franciscana, la vasco-navarra y la de los autores capuchinos de la antigua provincia de Navarra-Cantabria-Aragón. La biblioteca se enriqueció con los fondos bibliográficos de otros conventos, sobre todo con los del colegio de Lecároz y con la biblioteca del P. Donostia. Junto a la biblioteca se halla el Archivo Histórico Provincial de Capuchinos de Pamplona (provincia de Navarra), rico por sus fondos sobre las misiones y sobre personas importantes para la cultura vasco-navarra. LABURPENA Artikulo honek Iruña-Extramuros Kaputxinoen Liburutegi Nagusia (probintziala) azaltzen du, 1606an jaio zenetik gaur egun Espainiako Kaputxinoen Liburutegi Nagusiko lau egoitzetako bat izan arte. Gaur egun bere gai nagusiak franziskanismoa, euskal gaiak eta Nafarroa eta lehengo Navarra-Cantabria-Aragon Kaputxinoen Probintziaren idazleen obrak dira. Bere funtsak aspaldi aberastu ziren beste komentuetakoak ekarri zirenean: Lekarotz Eskolaren eta Aita Donostiaren liburutegiak adibidez. Honen ondoan Artxibo Historiko Probintziala aurkitzen da non misioetako funtsak eta euskal kulturarako pertsona inportanteen funtsak aurkitu daitezke. ABSTRACT The article describes the Central Library (provincial) of Capuchins in Pamplona-Extramuros, from its beginnings in 1606 to what it is today: one of the four headquarters of the Central Library of the Capuchins of Spain. Its most important thematic sections are the Franciscan, the Basque-Navarrese and the Capuchin Authors of the former province of Navarra-Cantabria-Aragon. The library was enriched by the bibliographic collections of other friaries, especially with those of the Lecároz School and with the library of P. Donostia. Next to the Library is the Provincial Historical Archive of Capuchins of Pamplona (Province of Navarre), rich for its funds on missions and on important people for the culture of the Basque Country and Navarre.
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8

Back, Janaína, Adriane Suzin, and Lucas Aguiar. "Activity budget and social behavior of urban capuchin monkeys, Sapajus sp. (Primates: Cebidae)." Zoologia 36 (June 4, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30845.

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Constant changes in natural environments impose challenges to wild animal populations, especially those that depend on social life. We gathered data on the activity budget and social interactions of a capuchin monkey (Sapajussp.) group of 17 individuals confined to an urban green area receiving human food supplementation. We observed the capuchins between 7:00 am and 5:00 pm, three days a month, between January 2012 and June 2013 (total of 530 hours of direct observations). We collected 15,208 behavioral records through instantaneous scan sampling and 2,538 events of social interaction in an adapted version of the “all occurrences” method. Activity budget of capuchins was dominated by traveling (42%) and foraging (38%), followed by feeding (10%), social interactions (5%), resting (4%), and others (2%). Except for feeding, the time spent on other activities varied across sex-age classes. Social interactions of capuchins were dominated by affiliative interactions (80%), mainly social play, followed by agonistic (11%) and cooperative (10%) interactions. Sexual interactions were rare (0.4%) and often involved juveniles (45% of the events). Juveniles performed most of the social interactions, followed by the alpha male, and were the main receptors of grooming, food sharing, and agonism. On the other hand, they were the main group involved in allocarrying of infants. Grooming between females and from them to alpha male was infrequent. However, grooming of the alpha male towards the adult females was frequent. We interpreted the deviations in the activity budget and social interactions of the urban capuchins as effects of human food supplementation and restriction on dispersal, illustrating the behavioral ability of capuchin monkeys to adjust their activity in human-altered environments.
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9

Valenta, Kim, Mariah E. Hopkins, Melanie Meeking, Colin A. Chapman, and Linda M. Fedigan. "Spatial patterns of primary seed dispersal and adult tree distributions: Genipa americana dispersed by Cebus capucinus." Journal of Tropical Ecology 31, no. 6 (August 28, 2015): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467415000413.

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Abstract:The spatial distribution of adult trees is typically not expected to reflect the spatial patterns of primary seed dispersal, due to many factors influencing post-dispersal modification of the seed shadow, such as seed predation, secondary seed dispersal and density-dependent survival. Here, we test the hypothesis that spatial distributions of primary seed shadows and adult trees are concordant by analysing the spatial distributions of adult Genipa americana trees and the seed shadow produced by its key primary disperser, the capuchin monkey (Cebus capucinus) in a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. We mapped the dispersal of G. americana seeds by the capuchins during focal animal follows (mean = 463 min, n = 50) of all adults in one free-ranging group over two early wet seasons (May–July, 2005 and 2006). We mapped the locations of all G. americana trees within a 60-ha plot that lay within the home range of the capuchin group. We conducted multiple spatial point pattern analyses comparing degrees of clustering of capuchin defecations and G. americana trees. We found that adult tree distributions and primary dispersal patterns are similarly aggregated at multiple spatial scales, despite the modification of the primary dispersal patterns and long dispersal distances.
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10

Falótico, Tiago, and Eduardo B. Ottoni. "The manifold use of pounding stone tools by wild capuchin monkeys of Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil." Behaviour 153, no. 4 (2016): 421–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003357.

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The use of pounding stone tools (PSTs) is a customary behaviour in several wild populations of capuchin monkeys; most of these monkeys use PSTs primarily to open hard palm nuts. Here, we describe the use of PSTs in two not previously studied groups of capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) in Serra da Capivara National Park (SCNP), northeastern Brazil, and compare them to other groups and populations. Capuchins from SCNP are one of the only known population that habitually use PSTs for several purposes other than nut processing, including cracking seeds and fruits, breaking and/or enlarging holes in tree trunks or rocks, and pulverizing pebbles. Moreover, they use PSTs sequentially with probe stick tools to access hidden prey. The average size of PSTs was larger than the average locally available stones, suggesting active choice. The two groups exhibited more diversity in the use of PSTs than any other known population to date.
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11

Lakshminaryanan, Venkat, M. Keith Chen, and Laurie R. Santos. "Endowment effect in capuchin monkeys." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1511 (October 6, 2008): 3837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0149.

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In humans, the capacity for economically rational choice is constrained by a variety of preference biases: humans evaluate gambles relative to arbitrary reference points; weigh losses heavier than equally sized gains; and demand a higher price for owned goods than for equally preferred goods that are not yet owned. To date, however, fewer studies have examined the origins of these biases. Here, we review previous work demonstrating that human economic biases such as loss aversion and reference dependence are shared with an ancestrally related New World primate, the capuchin monkey ( Cebus apella ). We then examine whether capuchins display an endowment effect in a token-trading task. We identified pairs of treats (fruit discs versus cereal chunks) that were equally preferred by each monkey. When given a chance to trade away their owned fruit discs to obtain the equally valued cereal chunks (or vice versa), however, monkeys required a far greater compensation than the equally preferred treat. We show that these effects are not due to transaction costs or timing issues. These data suggest that biased preferences rely on cognitive systems that are more evolutionarily ancient than previously thought—and that common evolutionary ancestry shared by humans and capuchins may account for the occurrence of the endowment effect in both species.
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Addessi, E., L. Crescimbene, and E. Visalberghi. "Do capuchin monkeys ( Cebus apella ) use tokens as symbols?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1625 (August 14, 2007): 2579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0726.

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In the absence of language, the comprehension of symbols is difficult to demonstrate. Tokens can be considered symbols since they arbitrarily stand for something else without having any iconic relation to their referent. We assessed whether capuchin monkeys ( Cebus apella ) can use tokens as symbols to represent and combine quantities. Our paradigm involved choices between various combinations of tokens A and B, worth one and three rewards, respectively. Pay-off maximization required the assessment of the value of each offer by (i) estimating token numerousness, (ii) representing what each token stands for and (iii) making simple computations. When one token B was presented against one to five tokens A (experiment 1), four out of ten capuchins relied on a flexible strategy that allowed to maximize their pay-off, i.e. they preferred one token B against one and two tokens A, and they preferred four or five tokens A against one token B. Moreover, when two tokens B were presented against three to six tokens A (experiment 2), two out of six capuchins performed summation over representation of quantities. These findings suggest that capuchins can use tokens as symbols to flexibly combine quantities.
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Civelek, Zeynep, Christoph J. Völter, and Amanda M. Seed. "What happened? Do preschool children and capuchin monkeys spontaneously use visual traces to locate a reward?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1956 (August 4, 2021): 20211101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1101.

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The ability to infer unseen causes from evidence is argued to emerge early in development and to be uniquely human. We explored whether preschoolers and capuchin monkeys could locate a reward based on the physical traces left following a hidden event. Preschoolers and capuchin monkeys were presented with two cups covered with foil. Behind a barrier, an experimenter (E) punctured the foil coverings one at a time, revealing the cups with one cover broken after the first event and both covers broken after the second. One event involved hiding a reward, the other event was performed with a stick (order counterbalanced). Preschoolers and, with additional experience, monkeys could connect the traces to the objects used in the puncturing events to find the reward. Reversing the order of events perturbed the performance of 3-year olds and capuchins, while 4-year-old children performed above chance when the order of events was reversed from the first trial. Capuchins performed significantly better on the ripped foil task than they did on an arbitrary test in which the covers were not ripped but rather replaced with a differently patterned cover. We conclude that by 4 years of age children spontaneously reason backwards from evidence to deduce its cause.
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Parr, Nigel A., Amanda D. Melin, and Linda Marie Fedigan. "Figs Are More Than Fallback Foods: The Relationship betweenFicusandCebusin a Tropical Dry Forest." International Journal of Zoology 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/967274.

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In many studies on primate feeding ecology, figs (Ficusspp.) are characterized as fallback foods, utilized only when preferred sources of food are unavailable. However, for white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) living in northwestern Costa Rica, figs are a consistently important resource and may increase groupwide energy intake. We investigated whether visits to figs affect ranging and behavioural patterns of capuchins. Although daily range length and average travel speed do not differ on days when fig trees are visited, capuchins spend more time in directed travel and more time stationary on “fig days”. Capuchins also increase time spent foraging for fruit and decrease time spent foraging for invertebrates on days when figs trees are visited. Capuchins experience higher energy intake and lower energy output on “fig” days. Thus, the patterns of foraging for figs support an energy-maximization strategy and constitute an important nutritional resource for capuchins.
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Brosnan, Sarah F., Catherine F. Talbot, Jennifer L. Essler, Kelly Leverett, Timothy Flemming, Patrick Dougall, Carla Heyler, and Paul J. Zak. "Oxytocin reduces food sharing in capuchin monkeys by modulating social distance." Behaviour 152, no. 7-8 (2015): 941–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003268.

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Recent evidence indicates that oxytocin plays an important role in promoting prosocial behaviour amongst humans and other species. We tested whether oxytocin affected cooperation and food-sharing in capuchin monkeys, a highly cooperative New World primate. Subjects received either 2IU oxytocin or an inert adjuvent intranasally prior to each session. Oxytocin influenced food sharing in capuchins in ways we did not anticipate. Recipients were less likely to passively acquire food from possessors when either individual had received OT than in the control, and also spent less time in proximity to their partner. Passive food sharing requires proximity, and oxytocin decreased the capuchins’ typical congregating behaviour, apparently resulting in decreased sharing. We propose that the likely mechanism for increased social distance is the known anxiolytic effect of oxytocin. Our results indicate a need to consider how oxytocin affects the context of interactions and interacts with modes of sociality unique to each species.
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Orkin, Joseph D., Michael J. Montague, Daniela Tejada-Martinez, Marc de Manuel, Javier del Campo, Saul Cheves Hernandez, Anthony Di Fiore, et al. "The genomics of ecological flexibility, large brains, and long lives in capuchin monkeys revealed with fecalFACS." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 7 (February 11, 2021): e2010632118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010632118.

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Ecological flexibility, extended lifespans, and large brains have long intrigued evolutionary biologists, and comparative genomics offers an efficient and effective tool for generating new insights into the evolution of such traits. Studies of capuchin monkeys are particularly well situated to shed light on the selective pressures and genetic underpinnings of local adaptation to diverse habitats, longevity, and brain development. Distributed widely across Central and South America, they are inventive and extractive foragers, known for their sensorimotor intelligence. Capuchins have among the largest relative brain size of any monkey and a lifespan that exceeds 50 y, despite their small (3 to 5 kg) body size. We assemble and annotate a de novo reference genome for Cebus imitator. Through high-depth sequencing of DNA derived from blood, various tissues, and feces via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (fecalFACS) to isolate monkey epithelial cells, we compared genomes of capuchin populations from tropical dry forests and lowland rainforests and identified population divergence in genes involved in water balance, kidney function, and metabolism. Through a comparative genomics approach spanning a wide diversity of mammals, we identified genes under positive selection associated with longevity and brain development. Additionally, we provide a technological advancement in the use of noninvasive genomics for studies of free-ranging mammals. Our intra- and interspecific comparative study of capuchin genomics provides insights into processes underlying local adaptation to diverse and physiologically challenging environments, as well as the molecular basis of brain evolution and longevity.
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Lonsdorf, E. V., K. E. Bonnie, M. Grim, A. Krupnick, M. Prestipino, and J. Whyte. "Seeding an arbitrary convention in capuchin monkeys: the effect of social context." Behaviour 153, no. 5 (2016): 633–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003368.

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The study of social learning in non-human animals has advanced beyond attempts to determine which animals are capable of learning socially to investigations of the factors that influence transmission. Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.) are adept social learners of various behaviours including extractive foraging techniques and social customs. Here, we conducted an open diffusion experiment to determine whether capuchins would learn an arbitrary convention from a knowledgeable demonstrator. In addition, we investigated whether rank, sex and social context affected acquisition and expression of the behaviour. Participation in the experiment was strongly influenced by dominance rank in the group setting. However, when tested individually, the majority of individuals participated and faithfully copied the convention that was seeded into their group. Our findings demonstrate that capuchins can acquire an arbitrary convention via social learning, but that social context must be carefully considered in studies of social learning.
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Aversi-Ferreira, Roqueline A. G. M. F., Tainá de Abreu, Gabriel A. Pfrimer, Sylla F. Silva, Janine M. Ziermann, Frederico O. Carneiro-e-Silva, Carlos Tomaz, Maria Clotilde H. Tavares, Rafael S. Maior, and Tales A. Aversi-Ferreira. "Comparative Anatomy of the Hind Limb Vessels of the Bearded Capuchins (Sapajus libidinosus) with Apes, Baboons, andCebus capucinus: With Comments on the Vessels' Role in Bipedalism." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/737358.

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Capuchin monkeys are known to exhibit sporadic bipedalism while performing specific tasks, such as cracking nuts. The bipedal posture and locomotion cause an increase in the metabolic cost and therefore increased blood supply to lower limbs is necessary. Here, we present a detailed anatomical description of the capuchin arteries and veins of the pelvic limb ofSapajus libidinosusin comparison with other primates. The arterial pattern of the bearded capuchin hind limb is more similar to other quadrupedalCebusspecies. Similarities were also found to the pattern observed in the quadrupedPapio, which is probably due to a comparable pelvis and the presence of the tail.Sapajus' traits show fewer similarities when compared to great apes and modern humans. Moreover, the bearded capuchin showed unique patterns for the femoral and the short saphenous veins. Although this species switches easily from quadrupedal to bipedal postures, our results indicate that the bearded capuchin has no specific or differential features that support extended bipedal posture and locomotion. Thus, the explanation for the behavioral differences found among capuchin genera probably includes other aspects of their physiology.
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Barišić, Anto. "Ilirska kapucinska provincija i put prema izboru Tomislava Šagija za provincijala 1955. godine." Diacovensia 26, no. 1 (2018): 33.—54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31823/d.26.1.2.

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The paper explores and presents the Illyrian Capuchin Province together with the election of Tomislav Šagi as the Provincial, as well as what had preceded that election. To this end, the paper brings a brief overview of the historical socio-political and ecclesiastical-religious framework within which the Province operated and within which the election of Tomislav Šagi, the Capuchin Franciscan, for the Provincal of the Illyrian Capuchin Province, took place in July 1955. After a brief familiarization with the external, non-ecclesiastical circumstances of the society at the time and with the preventive arrest of Tomislav Šagi by the civil authorities, there is a general overview and familiarization with the Illyrian Capuchin Province from a historical, statistical, and administrative point of view. This is followed by a brief description of the positions Fr. Tomislav Šagi held before the provincial elections, from 1949 to 1955. In the end, we explore the preparations for the Provincial Chapter and its session, and we present the results of the Provincial Chapter held on July 19, 1955, in the OFM Capuchin monastery in Varaždin, where Tomislav Šagi was elected as the Provincial of Illyrian Capuchin Province. The motive for researching the given and previously unexplored topic is the 50th anniversary of the abolition (1967 – 2017) of the former binational and bilingual Capuchin province called Illyrian, composed of Croatian and Slovenian friars, while the author used exclusively previously unresearched archival original documents.
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Barnes, Jennifer L., Tyler Hill, Melanie Langer, Margaret Martinez, and Laurie R. Santos. "Helping behaviour and regard for others in capuchin monkeys ( Cebus apella )." Biology Letters 4, no. 6 (September 23, 2008): 638–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0410.

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Altruism is an evolutionary puzzle. To date, much debate has focused on whether helping others without regard to oneself is a uniquely human behaviour, with a variety of empirical studies demonstrating a lack of altruistic behaviour in chimpanzees even when the demands of behaving altruistically seem minimal. By contrast, a recent experiment has demonstrated that chimpanzees will help a human experimenter to obtain an out-of-reach object, irrespective of whether or not they are offered a reward for doing so, suggesting that the cognitions underlying altruistic behaviour may be highly sensitive to situational demands. Here, we examine the cognitive demands of other-regarding behaviour by testing the conditions under which primates more distantly related to humans—capuchin monkeys—help an experimenter to obtain an out-of-reach object. Like chimpanzees, capuchin monkeys helped human experimenters even in the absence of a reward, but capuchins systematically failed to take into account the perspective of others when they stood to obtain food for themselves. These results suggest an important role for perspective taking and inhibition in altruistic behaviour and seem to reflect a significant evolutionary development in the roots of altruism, and specifically in other-regarding behaviour, between the divergence of New World monkeys and apes.
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21

Perry, Susan. "The Complete Capuchin." International Journal of Primatology 26, no. 2 (April 2005): 507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-005-2936-7.

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22

DOS SANTOS, SETSUKO N., JOSÉ WESLEY L. DOS REIS, MANOEL DA SILVA FILHO, JAN KREMERS, and LUIZ CARLOS L. SILVEIRA. "Horizontal cell morphology in nocturnal and diurnal primates: A comparison between owl-monkey (Aotus) and capuchin monkey (Cebus)." Visual Neuroscience 22, no. 4 (July 2005): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523805224033.

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Horizontal cell morphology was studied in the retina of the nocturnal owl-monkey,Aotus, and compared with that of its diurnal, close relative, the capuchin monkey,Cebus. Cells were initially labeled with DiI and the staining was later photoconverted in a stable precipitated using DAB as chromogen. The sizes of cell bodies, dendritic fields, and axon terminals, number of dendritic clusters, intercluster spacing, and intercone spacing were measured at increasing eccentricities. Two distinct morphological classes of horizontal cells were identified, which resembled those of H1 and H3 cells described in diurnal monkeys. A few examples of a third class, possibly corresponding to the H2 cells of diurnal monkeys, were labeled. Both H1 and H3 cells increased in size and had increasing numbers of dendritic clusters with eccentricity. H3 cells were larger and had a larger number of dendritic clusters than H1 cells. Owl-monkey H1 cells had larger dendritic fields than capuchin monkey H1 cells at all quadrants in the central and midperipheral retinal regions, but the difference disappeared in the far periphery. Owl-monkey and capuchin monkey H1 cells had about the same number of dendritic clusters across eccentricity. As owl-monkey H1 cells were larger than capuchin monkey H1 cells, the equal number of clusters in these two primates was due to the fact that they were more spaced in the owl-monkey cells. H1 intercluster distance closely matched intercone spacing for both the owl-monkey and capuchin monkey retinas. On the other hand, H3 intercluster distance was larger than intercone spacing in the retina of both primates. Owl-monkey H1 axon terminals had 2–3 times more knobs than capuchin monkey H1 axon terminals in spite of having about the same size and, consequently, knob density was 2–3 times higher for owl-monkey than capuchin monkey H1 axon terminals across all eccentricities. The differences observed between owl-monkey and capuchin monkey horizontal cells, regarding the morphology of their dendritic trees and axon terminals, may be related to the differences found in the cone-to-rod ratio in the retina of these two primates. They seem to represent retinal specializations to the nocturnal and diurnal life styles of the owl-monkey and capuchin monkey, respectively.
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Thornton, John K. "The Kingdom of Kongo and the Counter Reformation." Social Sciences and Missions 26, no. 1 (2013): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748945-02601002.

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From early contact with the Portuguese and conversion to Christianity in the late 15th century and continuing through the Counter Reformation, the Kingdom of Kongo resisted Portuguese colonialism while remaining steadfastly loyal to the Roman Catholic Church. Against the turbulent backdrop of the growing Atlantic slave trade, internal conflict and power struggles, and Portuguese presence in Luanda, Kongo repeatedly resisted the temptation to break from Rome and establish its own Church, in spite of Portuguese control of the Episcopate. In the late 16th century King Álvaro clashed with the Portuguese Bishop, but remained faithful to the church in Rome. In the early 17th century, Kongo armies repelled Portuguese invasions from the south while kings continued to lobby for more Jesuit and later Italian Capuchin missionaries, whom they needed, above all, to perform sacraments vital to Kongolese Catholics. Another opportunity to split from Rome came when Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita created the Antonian movement in 1704 and denounced the Catholic Church. Instead, she was captured and burned at the stake while King Pedro IV remained faithful to the Capuchin missionaries. In contrast to Portuguese Angola, where Jesuits were deeply implicated in slave trading, the Capuchins in Kongo did not own slaves and, for the most part, both resisted and criticized the slave trade.
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Perry, Susan. "Social traditions and social learning in capuchin monkeys ( Cebus )." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1567 (April 12, 2011): 988–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0317.

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Capuchin monkeys (genus Cebus ) have evolutionarily converged with humans and chimpanzees in a number of ways, including large brain size, omnivory and extractive foraging, extensive cooperation and coalitionary behaviour and a reliance on social learning. Recent research has documented a richer repertoire of group-specific social conventions in the coalition-prone Cebus capucinus than in any other non-human primate species; these social rituals appear designed to test the strength of social bonds. Such diverse social conventions have not yet been noted in Cebus apella , despite extensive observation at multiple sites. The more robust and widely distributed C. apella is notable for the diversity of its tool-use repertoire, particularly in marginal habitats. Although C. capucinus does not often use tools, white-faced capuchins do specialize in foods requiring multi-step processing, and there are often multiple techniques used by different individuals within the same social group. Immatures preferentially observe foragers who are eating rare foods and hard-to-process foods. Young foragers, especially females, tend to adopt the same foraging techniques as their close associates.
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Sabbatini, G., M. Stammati, MCH Tavares, and E. Visalberghi. "Behavioral flexibility of a group of bearded capuchin monkeys (Cebus libidinosus) in the National Park of Brasília (Brazil): consequences of cohabitation with visitors." Brazilian Journal of Biology 68, no. 4 (November 2008): 685–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842008000400002.

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Increasing urbanization and deforestation have enhanced the opportunities of contact between humans and monkeys and the impact of human activities on primate behavior is receiving growing attention. This study explores whether activity budgets and diet of a group of capuchin monkeys (Cebus libidinosus) inhabiting the area of the swimming pools of the National Park of Brasília is affected by the presence of visitors providing food to them. During one year, both in the dry and the wet seasons, we scored capuchins' behavior via scan sampling every ten minutes. Results showed that this group spent less time foraging for wild foods than other comparable groups living in similar habitats. Moreover, capuchins relied more on human food during the dry season, when pulpy fruits were less available, than in the wet season. Our findings confirm other studies on different monkey species that have shown that access to human food decreases the time spent foraging for wild food and the home range size. They also show that capuchins are able to modify their diet, to exploit alternative food sources, and to change their activity budget in response to the availability of new food opportunities and to seasonal food availability.
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26

Rufo, Henrique P., and Eduardo B. Ottoni. "Anecdotic observations of homosexual behaviour among male capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.)." Behaviour 158, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10055.

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Abstract Many species were reported engaging in homosexual behaviour among mammals, birds, reptiles and insects. In primates, this behaviour seems to be much more frequent among apes and Old World monkeys than in New World monkeys, where only a few species, like squirrel monkeys, tamarins, marmosets, and capuchins, have been observed engaging in same-sex mounts. In capuchin monkeys, homosexual mounting has been rarely reported, with a few observations in Cebus capucinus and captive Sapajus groups. However, homosexual behaviour between males of the genus Sapajus has never before been reported outside captivity. Our observations are the first made with a semi free-ranging group living in the Tiete Ecological Park (São Paulo, SP, Brazil), during an experimental study. Four events of male-male mounts were observed, involving six individuals — two juveniles and four adults, which do not seem related to hierarchical or age group factors, but could be related to getting access to our experimental apparatus.
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de Obaldía, Vanessa R. "Santa Maria della Purificazione: the First Capuchin Church in the Black Sea Region." Eurasian Studies 17, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24685623-12340061.

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Abstract Santa Maria della Purificazione was the first Latin Catholic church built by the Friars Minor Capuchin in the Black Sea region during the post-Tanzimat period. It was an example of the order settlement after it sought refuge in the region due to its expulsion from Russian Georgia, where it was based since the mid-seventeenth century. Furthermore, this study analyzes the history of Capuchins at the time of their arrival in Trabzon in 1845, with the establishment of their church, friary, school, and cemetery, the latter intended to meet the needs of the local and foreign Latin Catholic residents of the city. The topic is also historically dealt with in terms of demography and urban planning. All these aspects are examined in the wider context of the legal impact of the Tanzimat on church building.
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28

King, A. "Anaesthesia of capuchin monkeys." Veterinary Record 134, no. 21 (May 21, 1994): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.134.21.559-b.

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29

Masataka, Nobuo. "Handedness of Capuchin Monkeys." Folia Primatologica 55, no. 3-4 (1990): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000156516.

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30

Quintiero, E., S. Gastaldi, F. De Petrillo, E. Addessi, and S. Bourgeois-Gironde. "Quantity–quality trade-off in the acquisition of token preference by capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus spp.)." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1819 (January 11, 2021): 20190662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0662.

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Money represents a cornerstone of human modern economies and how money emerged as a medium of exchange is a crucial question for social sciences. Although non-human primates have not developed monetary systems, they can estimate, combine and exchange tokens. Here, we evaluated quantity–quality trade-offs in token choices in tufted capuchin monkeys as a first step in the investigation of the generalizability of tokens as reinforcers, which is a potentially relevant factor underlying the emergence of money in humans. We measured capuchins' exchange preferences when they were repeatedly provided with 10 units of three token types yielding food combinations varying in quantity and quality. Overall, capuchins maximized their quantitative payoff, preferring tokens associated with a higher food amount, rather than showing violations of rationality. However, some individuals did not maximize their qualitative payoff, possibly because of conditional valuation effects or owing to the choice overload phenomenon, according to which too many options reduce the accuracy of choice. Our study supports the importance of comparative research to finely analyse the multiple components shaping the economic behaviours of other species, possibly to achieve a more comprehensive, evolutionary- and ecologically based understanding of human economic behaviour. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
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31

Van Belle, Sarie, and Clara J. Scarry. "Individual participation in intergroup contests is mediated by numerical assessment strategies in black howler and tufted capuchin monkeys." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1683 (December 5, 2015): 20150007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0007.

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Asymmetries in resource-holding potential between opposing groups frequently determine outcomes of intergroup contests. Since both numerical superiority and high intergroup dominance rank may confer competitive advantages, group members should benefit from assessing the relative strength of rivals prior to engaging in defensive displays. However, differences in individual assessment may emerge when cost–benefit trade-offs differ among group members. We examine the influence of numerical superiority and intergroup dominance relationships on individual participation in intergroup encounters in black howler monkeys ( Alouatta pigra ) and tufted capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus nigritus ). Black howlers responded with longer vocal displays during encounters with neighbours with an equal number of resident males, while tufted capuchins increased their participation with increasing relative male group size. Within each species, males and females responded similarly to varying numerical odds, suggesting that despite pay-off asymmetries between males and females, both sexes were similarly influenced by numerical asymmetries in deciding to participate in collective group defence. Whereas the outcome of contests among tufted capuchins was determined by relative male group size, reflected in a pronounced intergroup dominance hierarchy, the absence of dominance relationships among black howler groups may have provoked prolonged vocal displays in order to assess rival groups with matching competitive abilities.
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32

Zhang, Ruixiang, and Jean-Claude Latombe. "Capuchin: A Free-Climbing Robot." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 10, no. 4 (January 2013): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/56469.

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33

Bowden, Caroline. "Journey of Five Capuchin Nuns." Church History and Religious Culture 91, no. 3 (November 1, 2011): 532–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187124111x609829.

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34

Adams-Curtis, Leah E. "Conceptual Learning in Capuchin Monkeys." Folia Primatologica 54, no. 3-4 (1990): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000156436.

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35

Wynne, Clive D. L. "Fair refusal by capuchin monkeys." Nature 428, no. 6979 (March 2004): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/428140a.

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36

Brosnan, Sarah F., and Frans B. M. de Waal. "Fair refusal by capuchin monkeys." Nature 428, no. 6979 (March 2004): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/428140b.

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37

Alves, Flávio R., Francisco B. Costa, Pedro P. Machado, Anaemilia das N. Diniz, Adriana V. C. Araújo, Carlos E. Ambrósio, and Porfírio C. Guerra. "Anatomical and radiographic appearance of the capuchin monkey thoracic cavity (Cebus apella)." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32, no. 12 (December 2012): 1345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2012001200021.

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The capuchin monkey is widespread both north and south of the Legal Amazon and in the Brazilian cerrado. Ten clinically healthy capuchin monkeys were submitted to an anatomical and radiographic study of their thoracic cavities. The radiographic evaluation allowed the description of biometric values associated with the cardiac silhouette and thoracic structures. Application of the VHS (vertebral heart size) method showed positive correlation (P<0.05) with depth of the thoracic cavity, as well as between the body length of vertebrae T3, T4, T5 and T6 and the cardiac length and width. The lung fields showed a diffuse interstitial pattern, more visible in the caudal lung lobes and a bronchial pattern in the middle and cranial lung lobes. The radiographic examination allowed preliminary inferences to be made concerning the syntopy of the thoracic structures and modification of the pulmonary patterns and cardiac anatomy for the capuchin monkey.
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38

Lombard, Marlize, Anders Högberg, and Miriam N. Haidle. "Cognition: From Capuchin Rock Pounding to Lomekwian Flake Production." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 29, no. 2 (December 6, 2018): 201–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774318000550.

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Although it is sometimes suggested that modern-day chimpanzee nut-cracking behaviour is cognitively similar to early stone-tool-knapping behaviour, few systematic comparative studies have tested this assumption. Recently, two further techno-behaviours were reported that could both represent intermediary phases in hominin cognitive evolution pertaining to our ultimate technological astuteness. These behaviours are that of bearded capuchin monkeys pounding rocks and very early stone-tool knapping from Lomekwi 3. Here we use a multi-model approach to directly compare cognitive aspects required for 11 techno-behaviours, ranging from the simplest capuchin pounding behaviour to the most complex chimpanzee nut-cracking and Lomekwi 3 knapping behaviours. We demonstrate a marked difference in broad-spectrum cognitive requirements between capuchin pounding on the one hand and Lomekwian bipolar knapping on the other. Whereas the contrast is less pronounced between chimpanzee nut-cracking scenarios and basic passive-hammer knapping at Lomekwi 3, the escalation in cognitive requirement between nut cracking and bipolar knapping is a good indication that early hominin flaking techniques are cognitively more taxing than chimpanzee nut-cracking behaviour today.
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de Thoisy, Benoit, François Renoux, and Catherine Julliot. "Hunting in northern French Guiana and its impact on primate communities." Oryx 39, no. 2 (April 2005): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605305000384.

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The Guianas contain one of the largest single remaining tracts of undisturbed tropical rainforest in the world, but this forest and its fauna are facing increased threats. In the north of French Guiana both anthropogenic pressures and conflicts between settlements related to the use of natural resources are growing. Based on surveys in 17 forest sites we show that hunting pressure was the main factor determining current primate species richness, masking the effects of logging or forest type. Three of the larger species, the red howler monkey Alouatta seniculus, black spider monkey Ateles paniscus and tufted capuchin Cebus apella, were less abundant in hunted areas. In the areas around four settlements the harvested biomass of primates was low compared to other game species, but the harvests were close to or beyond the maximal sustainable thresholds for the red howler monkey and tufted capuchin. In French Guiana primates are either fully protected by law (the spider monkey and white-faced saki Pithecia pithecia), or their hunting is restricted to subsistence use (howler monkey, tufted capuchin and wedge-capped capuchin Cebus olivaceus). Most hunted meat is, however, destined for sale. Current conservation policy in French Guiana is limited to legal protection for some species and areas, and laws are poorly enforced. Although large areas of forest and its wildlife are protected simply by their remoteness, there is an increasingly urgent need for the legal protection of all primate species, and the establishment of large protected areas and efficient forest management schemes to minimize the impacts of logging and hunting.
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Piętek, Robert. "Christianity and the formation of the ideology of power in Soyo in the 17th century." STUDIES IN AFRICAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES, no. 53 (December 15, 2019): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32690/salc53.6.

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The aim of the article is to present the role of the Christian elements in the formation of the ideology of power in Soyo in the mid of the 17th century. Thanks to its location, the province of Soyo played an important role in Kongo’s relations with Europe. Its location also meant that European influences in this province were stronger than in the rest of the Kingdom of Kongo. A permanent mission of the Capuchin order in Soyo was established as early as 1645. The province became virtually independent from Kongo in the 1640s. By that time, the political elite had formed an ideology of power largely based on the traditional elements of the Kongo culture. While it contained references to Christianity, the emphasis was put on the separateness and uniqueness of Soyo gained in victorious military conflicts with Kongo. The use of the Christian elements in rituals caused occasional conflicts between the secular authorities and the Capuchins.
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Sargeant, Elizabeth J., Eva C. Wikberg, Shoji Kawamura, and Linda M. Fedigan. "Allonursing in white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) provides evidence for cooperative care of infants." Behaviour 152, no. 12-13 (2015): 1841–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003308.

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Allonursing is a highly cooperative behaviour that may have important fitness consequences for the infant while the benefits to the allomother are less clear. To investigate the function of this behaviour, we compared patterns of allonursing and nursing exhibited by white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus). We used a linear mixed model approach to analyse data collected on 21 infants from six social groups in Sector Santa Rosa, Costa Rica. Infants nursed at higher rates and for longer durations from their mothers than from allonurses. They also allonursed at higher rates from lactating and non-lactating parous females than from nulliparous females and at higher rates from maternally related female allonurses than other females. We found no observed effect of adult female rank or infant sex. We conclude that infant white-faced capuchins engage in allonursing as a means to acquire additional milk, and that participating allonurses may benefit from increased inclusive fitness.
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42

FUJITA, KAZUO. "Social intelligence in tufted capuchin monkeys." Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology 59, no. 1 (2009): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2502/janip.59.1.5.

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43

Silberberg, Alan, Peter G. Roma, Mary E. Huntsberry, Frederick R. Warren-Boulton, Takayuki Sakagami, Angela M. Ruggiero, and Stephen J. Suomi. "On Loss Aversion in Capuchin Monkeys." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 89, no. 2 (March 2008): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2008-89-145.

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Silberberg, Alan, Peter G. Roma, Mary E. Huntsberry, Frederick R. Warren-Boulton, Takayuki Sakagami, Angela M. Ruggiero, and Stephen J. Suomi. "ON LOSS AVERSION IN CAPUCHIN MONKEYS." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 89, no. 2 (March 2008): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2008.89-145.

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45

Sudhakar, Nina. "Lady’s Capuchin Hood, and: Crimean Helmet." Ecotone 13, no. 1 (2017): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2017.0041.

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46

DeJoseph, Maria, R. S. L. Taylor, Mary Baker, and Manuel Aregullin. "Fur-rubbing behavior of capuchin monkeys." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 46, no. 6 (June 2002): 924–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2002.119668.

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Anderson, James R., Ayaka Takimoto, Hika Kuroshima, and Kazuo Fujita. "Capuchin monkeys judge third-party reciprocity." Cognition 127, no. 1 (April 2013): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.12.007.

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48

Tecwyn, Emma C., Stephanie Denison, Emily J. E. Messer, and Daphna Buchsbaum. "Intuitive probabilistic inference in capuchin monkeys." Animal Cognition 20, no. 2 (October 15, 2016): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-016-1043-9.

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49

Fraess, Garrett, Ryan Dickinson, Brandy Kragness, and Miranda Sadar. "Synchronous bilateral testicular neoplasms in a black-capped capuchin (Sapajus apella)." Veterinary Record Case Reports 7, no. 2 (May 2019): e000841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000841.

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A 31-year-old, 5.01 kg, intact male black-capped capuchin (Sapajus apella) was presented for examination after zookeepers noted an enlarged right testicle. Fine-needle aspiration with cytological evaluation identified a seminoma of the right testis. Castration was elected for this non-breeding male, and both testicles were submitted for histopathology. Histopathology confirmed the presence of a seminoma in the right testicle and, incidentally, a mass in the left testis consistent with an interstitial cell tumour was also diagnosed. This report describes the first case of seminoma or interstitial cell neoplasia in a black-capped capuchin, as well as the first case of a non-human primate with synchronous, bilateral testicular neoplasms.
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Perry, Susan. "Behavioural variation and learning across the lifespan in wild white-faced capuchin monkeys." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1803 (June 2020): 20190494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0494.

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Natural selection has evidently mediated many species characteristics relevant to the evolution of learning, including longevity, length of the juvenile period, social organization, timing of cognitive and motor development, and age-related shifts in behavioural propensities such as activity level, flexibility in problem-solving and motivation to seek new information. Longitudinal studies of wild populations can document such changes in behavioural propensities, providing critical information about the contexts in which learning strategies develop, in environments similar to those in which learning strategies evolved. The Lomas Barbudal Monkey Project provides developmental data for the white-faced capuchin, Cebus capucinus , a species that has converged with humans regarding many life-history and behavioural characteristics. In this dataset, focused primarily on learned aspects of foraging behaviour, younger capuchins are more active overall, more curious and opportunistic, and more prone to inventing new investigative and foraging-related behaviours. Younger individuals more often seek social information by watching other foragers (especially older foragers). Younger individuals are more creative, playful and inventive, and less neophobic, exhibiting a wider range of behaviours when engaged in extractive foraging. Whereas adults more often stick with old solutions, younger individuals often incorporate recently acquired experience (both social and asocial) when foraging. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Life history and learning: how childhood, caregiving and old age shape cognition and culture in humans and other animals'.
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