Academic literature on the topic 'Capture et la conversion du N2'

As the world moves to decarbonize the fossil fuel sector, transition technologies are needed that bridge the gap between natural gas power plants and more sustainable low-carbon energy sources. These newer technologies often still rely on fossil fuels but have improved energy conversion efficiencies and lower net carbon dioxide (CO2) outputs over conventional fossil fuel based electric power generation systems. In this work, we are exploring one such technology, namely the use of a syngas-fed solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) to generate heat, electricity, steam, and captured CO2. Core to this technology is the mixed ion electron conductor deployed at the anode and cathode that catalyzes all of the relevant reactions, namely electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) at the anode, producing steam and CO2, and reduction of oxygen at the cathode. Carbon formation (coking) is normally a significant problem affecting SOFCs operating on carbon-based fuels, as it leads to a rapid decline in electrochemical performance by blocking catalytically active sites and pores with various carbon species, e.g., amorphous, graphitic, or nanotubular carbon.1 The formation of carbon species from syngas is known to occur through various mechanisms, with the Boudouard reaction (∆H= -172 kJ/mol) and the reduction of CO (∆H= -131 kJ/mol) being the most prominent.2 As such, temperature is a key parameter to optimize as it determines the propensity for carbon formation at equilibrium. In addition, the kinetics of carbon formation can be significantly reduced by introducing oxygen to the fuel gas stream in the form of O2, CO2, or H2O.3 The catalyst materials investigated here are mixed conducting perovskite oxides (La0.3Ca0.7Fe0.7Cr0.3O3- δ, LCFCr) that have been optimized and modified recently by our group, both in the as-prepared undoped form and after B-site doping with variable quantities of transition metals (M), e.g., Ni,4 forming nanoparticle (NP)-decorated ABO3-Mx surfaces. Our catalyst is highly active for H2 and CO oxidation, CO2 reduction, and O2 reduction, where it was demonstrated that the un-doped parent material can deliver a stable power density of 0.2 W/cm2 for several hundred hours with negligible performance degradation in 3% humidified H2.5 In more recent work, excellent resilience to carbon deposition for exsolved Fe-Ni@LCFCr up to 70:30 CO:CO2 was demonstrated.4 Herein, we show that minimal coke forms during exposure of these materials to dry syngas at 600oC, even under open circuit conditions. The catalysts were prepared using combustion synthesis and were characterized by XRD, SEM EDX, and TPO-MS in order to confirm morphology, crystal structure, and composition as a function of temperature and gas environment.4 Symmetrical electrolyte-supported SOFCs were constructed using our catalyst as both the anode and cathode. Catalyst layers of 1 cm2 were screen printed to a thickness of 25 µm on both sides of commercially available 130 µm thick samaria-doped ceria (SDC)-buffered scandia-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) electrolyte, followed by sintering at 1100°C for 2 h,4 with porous metal current collectors used. The cells were mounted and tested in a Fiaxel SOFC test station with gas flow controlled by mass flow controllers. Preliminary electrochemistry experiments were conducted in 5:95 H2:N2, or 1:1 H2:CO (syngas) balanced by CO2 in a 1:2 ratio of fuel to oxidant into the anode chamber, and air into the cathode chamber at 600 oC, with performance evaluation carried out using CV, EIS and chronopotentiometry. The power density was found to be ca. 2x higher in dry H2 vs. in syngas, as expected, considering that H2 is a more active fuel vs. CO. Additionally, EIS exhibited ca. 2x higher resistance in the low frequency arc in syngas, which can be attributed to sluggish CO oxidation kinetics.4 Chronopotentiometry was performed for 20 h at 10 mA cm-2, showing a degradation rate of only 0.08 mV h-1, suspected to be primarily due to current collector delamination. Coking studies were also conducted on button cells at 600 oC in 1:1 H2:CO for 25 h at open circuit, comparing to a NiO standard that was painted on the electrolyte just next to the LCFCr-Ni working electrode. Imaging by SEM showed negligible carbon formation on the perovskite surface, supported by EDX analysis, compared to the extensive degree of coking observed at the standard. Further quantification was conducted by TPO-MS, also confirming minimal carbon formation. References Bengaard et al., Journal of Catalysis, 2002, 209, 365–384. Farshchi Tabrizi et al., Energy Conversion and Management, 2015, 103, 1065–1077. Sasaki et al., Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2003, 150. Ansari et al., Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2022, 10, 2280–2294. Addo et al., ECS Transactions, 2015, 66, 219–228.

We report on a simple electrochemical system able to capture gaseous carbon dioxide from a gas mixture and convert it into syngas. The capture/release module is implemented via regeneration of NaOH and acidification of NaHCO3 inside a four-chamber electrochemical flow cell employing Pt foils as catalysts, while the conversion is carried out by a coupled reactor that performs electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide using ZnO as a catalyst and KHCO3 as an electrolyte. The capture module is optimized such that, powered by a current density of 100 mA/cm2, from a mixture of the CO2–N2 gas stream, a pure and stable CO2 outlet flow of 4–5 mL/min is obtained. The conversion module is able to convert the carbon dioxide into a mixture of gaseous CO and H2 (syngas) with a selectivity for the carbon monoxide of 56%. This represents the first all-electrochemical system for carbon dioxide capture and conversion.

Absolute total cross sections for single-electron-capture are measured for [Formula: see text] and N+ ions traversing N2 molecular gas of collision energies in the range of 0.60 to 1.5 keV. These cross sections are found to be in the range of 3.97 - 6.25 Å2 for [Formula: see text] ions, and in the range of 0.46 - 1.67 Å2 for N+ ions. A comparison is made between the present measurements of the total cross sections of the N+ + N2 system and all the experimental results, which are represented by B. G. Lindsay et al.,1 for the O+ + N2 system. The present measurements of the total cross section of the N+ + N2 system are in partial agreement with measurements of B. G. Lindsay et al.,1 and in an excellent agreement with the measurements of Moran et al.,2 The present measurements of the total cross sections of the [Formula: see text] system are compared to the theoretical calculations and the experimental results of the same system.23 The results are in disagreement with each other.

Increasing energy demands and growing environmental concerns regarding the consumption of fossil fuels are important motivations for the development of clean and sustainable energy sources. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a promising energy technology that harnesses mechanical energy from the ambient environment by converting it into electrical energy. In this work, the enhancement of the energy conversion performance of a natural rubber (NR)-based TENG has been proposed by using modified activated carbon (AC). The effect of surface modification techniques, including acid treatments and plasma treatment for AC material on TENG performance, are investigated. The TENG fabricated from the NR incorporated with the modified AC using N2 plasma showed superior electrical output performance, which was attributed to the modification by N2 plasma introducing changes in the surface chemistry of AC, leading to the improved dielectric property of the NR-AC composite, which contributes to the enhanced triboelectric charge density. The highest power density of 2.65 mW/m2 was obtained from the NR-AC (N2 plasma-treated) TENG. This research provides a key insight into the modification of AC for the development of TENG with high energy conversion performance that could be useful for other future applications such as PM2.5 removal or CO2 capture.

Correction for ‘CO2 conversion in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma: N2 in the mix as a helping hand or problematic impurity?’ by R. Snoeckx et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2016, 9, 999–1011, DOI: 10.1039/C5EE03304G.

In order to obtain the cheap waste calcium-based sorbent, three wasted CaCO3 precursors, namely carbide slag, chicken eggshells, and analytical reagent-grade calcium carbonate, were selected and prepared at 700 °C to form calcium-based sorbents for CO2 capture. TGA was used to test the CO2 uptake performance of each calcium-based sorbent in 20 cycles. To identify the decay mechanism of CO2 uptake with an increasing number of cycles, all calcium-based sorbents were characterized by using XRF, XRD, and N2 adsorption. The specific surface area of calcium-based sorbents was used to redefine the formula of cyclic carbonation reactivity decay. The carbonation conversion rate of three calcium-based sorbents exhibited a decreasing trend as the cycle number increased. Chicken eggshells exhibited the most significant decrease rate (over 50% compared with Cycle 1), while carbide slag and analytical reagent-grade calcium carbonate showed a flat linear decline trend. The specific surface area of the samples was used to calculate carbonation conversion for an infinite number of cycles. The carbonation conversion rates of three calcium-based sorbents were estimated to decrease to 0.2898, 0.1455, and 0.3438 mol/mol, respectively, after 100 cycles.

Abstract One of the main problems in the use of solid fuels is inevitable formation of significant amounts of carbon dioxide. The prospects for reducing CO2 emissions (carbon capture and storage, CCS) are opening up with the use of new coal technologies, such as thermal power plants with integrated gasification (IGCC) and transition to oxygen-enriched combustion (oxyfuel). In order to study the efficiency of solid fuel conversion processes using carbon dioxide, thermodynamic modeling was carried out. Results show that difference between efficiency of fuel conversion in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 mixtures increases with an increase in the volatile content and a decrease in the carbon content. The effect of using CO2 as a gasification agent depends on the oxygen concentration: at low oxygen concentrations, the process temperature turns out to be low due to dilution; at high oxygen concentrations, the CO2 concentration is not high enough for efficient carbon conversion.

AbstractThe 15N2-tracer assay [Montoya et al. (1996) A simple, high-precision, high-sensitivity tracer assay for N2 fixation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62, 986–993.] is the most used method for measuring biological N2 fixation in terrestrial and aquatic environments. The reliability of this technique depends on the purity of the commercial 15N2 gas stocks used. However, Dabundo et al. [(2014) PLoS One, 9, e110335.] reported the contamination of some of these stocks with labile 15N-labeled compounds (ammonium, nitrate and/or nitrite). The contamination of commercial 15N2 gas stocks with 15N-labeled nitrate and 142 ammonium and consequences for nitrogen fixation measurements. Considering that the tracer assay relies on the conversion of isotopically labeled 15N2 into organic nitrogen, this contamination may have led to overestimated N2 fixation rates. We conducted laboratory and field experiments in order to (i) test the susceptibility of 15N contaminants to assimilation by non-diazotroph organisms and (ii) determine the potential overestimation of the N2 fixation rates estimated in the field. Our findings indicate that the contaminant 15N-compounds are assimilated by non-diazotrophs organisms, leading to an overestimation of N2 fixation rates in the field up to 16-fold under hydrographic conditions of winter mixing.

Résumé Notre propos est de réunir quelques réflexions de Pascal Quignard sur le récit afin d’en dégager les coordonnées ou les prémisses d’une théorie narrative chez cet écrivain qui, n’étant pas un théoricien, est sans doute quelqu’un qui fait œuvre de pensée. Notre hypothèse est que, situées dans le cadre d’une épistémologie naturaliste et d’un récit anthropogénétique au sein duquel la prédation joue un rôle majeur, en particulier celui de condition de possibilité de la narration, les spéculations de Quignard s’élaborent sur fond de la théorie sémio-narrative laquelle subit ainsi une reformulation. Nous soutenons que la réinterprétation quignardienne fait partie des théories, comme celles de Petitot et de Thom, qui proposent une solution morphogénétique au problème de la conversion (de la substance sémique en forme narrative) tel qu’il se présente chez Greimas. Au sein de cette convergence avec le structuralisme naturaliste et morphodynamique, la spécificité de Quignard réside dans la configuration de la conversion comme capture. Cette figure dynamique devient alors un opérateur de narrativité différent des modèles logiques (carré sémiotique) ou topologiques (catastrophes) qui formalisent rationnellement la conversion. Elle est au cœur de la pensée de l’écrivain sur le phénomène narratif.

Our planet urgently needs sustainable solutions to alleviate the anthropogenic global warming and climate change. Homogeneous catalysis has the potential to play a fundamental role in this process, providing novel, efficient, and at the same time eco-friendly routes for both chemicals and energy production. In particular, pincer-type ligation shows promising properties in terms of long-term stability and selectivity, as well as allowing for mild reaction conditions and low catalyst loading. Indeed, pincer complexes have been applied to a plethora of sustainable chemical processes, such as hydrogen release, CO2 capture and conversion, N2 fixation, and biomass valorization for the synthesis of high-value chemicals and fuels. In this work, we show the main advances of the last five years in the use of pincer transition metal complexes in key catalytic processes aiming for a more sustainable chemical and energy production.

Cette thèse porte sur la synthèse et la caractérisation de cadres métallo-organiques (MOF) à base de Zr et leurs applications dans le traitement de l'eau et la production de carburant solaire. Les MOF sont des matériaux poreux composés d'ions métalliques et d'éléments de liaison organiques qui présentent des structures et des fonctionnalités ajustables. Ces propriétés les rendent aptes pour diverses applications, telles que le stockage de gaz, la catalyse, la détection, l'administration de médicaments, etc.Le traitement de l'eau consiste à éliminer les contaminants de l'eau afin de la rendre propre et sans danger pour l'homme. L'un des principaux contaminants de l'eau sont les colorants, largement utilisé dans les industries du textile, du papier et du cuir. La pollution par les colorants peut entraîner de graves problèmes pour la vie aquatique, la santé humaine et la qualité esthétique de l'eau. Pour éliminer les colorants de l'eau, nous avons synthétisé un nouveau Zr-MOF appelé TMU-66, qui a une forme de sphère creuse et un groupe fonctionnel N-oxyde. TMU-66 peut adsorber efficacement et sélectivement les molécules de colorant par le biais de diverses interactions, telles que les interactions électrostatiques, l'empilement π-π et la liaison de coordination. TMU-66 a présenté une capacité d'adsorption de 472 mg/g pour le colorant rouge Congo à un pH de 6,8 et à 25 °C, une des valeurs les plus élevées obtenues jusqu'à présent pour des adsorbants à base de MOF.La production de combustibles solaires est le processus de conversion de l'énergie solaire en combustibles chimiques qui peuvent être stockés et utilisés ultérieurement. L'un des carburants les plus prometteurs est l'ammoniac (NH3), qui peut être produit à partir d'azote (N2) et d'eau (H2O) en utilisant l'irradiation solaire comme source d'énergie. Ce processus est appelé photoréduction de N2 ou fixation photocatalytique de l'azote. Cependant, ce processus est difficile car N2 est très stable et difficile à décomposer. Nous avons modifié un autre Zr-MOF, appelé MOF-808, en introduisant un groupe nitro dans le linker organique. Cette structure modifiée peut absorber la lumière visible et transférer des électrons aux molécules de N2. Nous avons également combiné le MOF-808/NIP avec un autre matériau, le g-C3N4, pour améliorer l'absorption de la lumière et le transfert d'électrons. Le composite ainsi obtenue, MOF-808/NIP@g-C3N4, peut produire jusqu'à 490 μmol d'ammoniac par gramme de composite et par heure sous irradiation visible.En résumé, les objectifs de ce travail de thèse étaient d'étudier le potentiel des MOF pour deux applications distinctes, en utilisant une approche conceptuelle qui intègre l'ingénierie de la bande interdite, la modulation de la structure et les matériaux composites à hétérojonction. Les résultats ont révélé que les MOF peuvent adsorber les impuretés de l'eau et fonctionner comme des photocatalyseurs pour produire de l'ammoniac grâce à la photoréduction de N2 sous irradiation visible. Les résultats obtenus ouvrent des perspectives très intéressantes dans le domaine de traitement de l'eau polluée et de production d'ammoniac. Ces technologies sont cruciales pour sauvegarder notre planète et garantir un avenir stable
This thesis investigates the synthesis and characterization of Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their applications in water treatment and solar fuel production. MOFs are porous materials composed of metal ions and organic linkers that exhibit tuneable structures and functionalities. These properties make them suitable for various applications, such as gas storage, catalysis, sensing, drug delivery, etc.Water treatment is the process of removing contaminants from water to make it safe and clean for human use. One of the main contaminants in water are dyes, which are widely used in the textile, paper, and leather industries. Dye pollution can cause serious problems for aquatic life, human health, and aesthetic quality of water. To remove dyes from water, we synthesized a new Zr-MOF called TMU-66, which has a hollow sphere shape and an N-oxide functional group. TMU-66 can efficiently and selectively adsorb dye molecules through various interactions, such as electrostatic attraction, π-π stacking, and coordination bonding. TMU-66 exhibited and adsorption capacity of 472 mg/g for Congo red dye at pH 6.8 and 25 °C, one of the highest values achieved for MOF-based adsorbents so far.Solar fuel production is the process of converting solar energy into chemical fuels that can be stored and used later. One of the most promising fuels is ammonia (NH3), which can be produced from nitrogen (N2) and water (H2O) using sunlight as the energy source. This process is called N2 photoreduction or photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. However, this process is challenging because N2 is very stable and difficult to break apart. We modified another Zr-MOF called MOF-808 by adding a nitro group to its linker. The modified framework is able to absorb visible light and transfer electrons to N2 molecules. We also combined MOF-808/NIP with another material called g-C3N4, which can enhance light absorption and electron transfer. The resulting composite, MOF-808/NIP@g-C3N4, can produce up to 490 μmol ammonia per gram of composite per hour under visible light and ambient conditions.In summary, the objectives of this thesis work were to investigate the potential of MOFs for two distinct applications, utilizing a conceptual design approach that incorporated bandgap engineering, structure modulation, and heterojunction composite materials. The findings revealed that MOFs can absorb water impurities and function as photocatalysts to achieve ammonia production through solar-powered N2 photoreduction. This breakthrough has the potential to foster the creation of more effective and environmentally conscious technologies that tackle worldwide water pollution and ammonia production issues. These technologies are crucial in safeguarding our planet and guaranteeing a stable future

This paper addresses the regeneration of the sulphur capture ability of FB spent SO2 sorbent particles by steam hydration. The process was characterized in terms of hydration degree, particle sulphation pattern, development of accessible porosity and extent of particle fragmentation. Steam reactivation experiments were carried out in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor at 250°C for 10 and 30 minutes, and 3h. The sorbent particle size range was 0.4–0.6mm, and the bed was fluidized at 0.2m/s with a steam-N2 mixture. The effectiveness of sorbent reactivation was assessed by reinjecting the reactivated material into the FB reactor (fluidized at 0.8m/s) operated at 850°C under simulated desulphurization conditions (the fluidizing gas consisted of a SO2-O2-N2 mixture), and following the degree of calcium conversion and the attrition rate along with resulphation. The experimental results indicated that steam reactivation is effective in renewing the SO2 uptake ability of the exhausted sorbent particles. Moreover steam reactivation induces, in the samples investigated, a strong sulphur redistribution throughout the particle cross-section, which contributes to the enhancement of the sulphur capture ability of the reactivated sorbent.

A lab-scale CO2 capture system is designed, fabricated, and tested for performing CO2 capture via carbonation of very fine calcium oxide (CaO) with particle size in micrometers. This system includes a fixed-bed reactor made of stainless steel (12.7 mm in diameter and 76.2 mm long) packed with calcium oxide particles dispersed in sand particles; heated and maintained at a certain temperature (500–550°C) during each experiment. The pressure along the reactor can be kept constant using a back pressure regulator. The conditions of the tests are relevant to separation of CO2 from combustion/gasification flue gases and in-situ CO2 capture process. The inlet flow, 1% CO2 and 99% N2, goes through the reactor at the flow rate of 150 mL/min (at standard conditions). The CO2 percentage of the outlet gas is monitored and recorded by a portable CO2 analyzer. Using the outlet composition, the conversion of calcium oxide is figured and employed to develop the kinetics model. The results indicate that the rates of carbonation reactions considerably increase with raising the temperature from 500°C to 550°C. The conversion rates of CaO-carbonation are well fitted to a shrinking core model which combines chemical reaction controlled and diffusion controlled models.

Abstract Gigascale carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is increasingly seen as essential to meeting the targets of the Paris Agreement. Sequestration of CO2 as CO2 hydrates (ice-like materials of CO2 and water) has received research attention recently. CO2 hydrates form at medium pressures and temperatures close to freezing from a water-CO2 gas mixture. Bubble column reactors (BCR) are a preferred way of rapidly forming CO2 hydrates. This study uses a recently-developed and validated model to predict performance of a BCR for CO2 hydrate formation from flue gas (CO2/N2). In particular, two performance parameters are analyzed, the gas consumption rate for hydrate formation, and the fraction of CO2 that can be converted to CO2 hydrates (conversion factor). Extensive parametric analysis is conducted to study the influence of pressure, temperature, CO2 mole fraction at inlet, inlet gas flow rate, reactor height and reactor diameter on CO2 hydrate formation rate. Across the range of simulations conducted in this study, the maximum reported hydrate formation rate is 71 ton/yr and the highest conversion efficiency is 67.8%. It is seen that both the performance parameters improve with increasing pressure, decreasing temperature and increasing inlet mole fraction of CO2. Increasing gas flow rate increases the gas consumption rate (i.e., hydrate formation rate) but reduces the conversion factor. This suggests that the operation of BCR for gas separation should involve low flow rates but that high flow rates should be used to synthesize hydrates for CO2 sequestration. An increase in reactor volume by increasing the height or diameter, improves hydrate formation on both performance parameters (rate, conversion factor).

Abstract Carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), which includes conversion to valuable products, is a complex modern issue with many perspectives. In recent years, the idea of using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a feedstock for synthetic applications in the chemical and fuel sectors via reduction reactions has piqued interest. If the hydrogen is created using a renewable energy source, catalytic CO2 hydrogenation is the most viable and appealing alternative among the existing CO2-recycling solutions. CO2 hydrogenation has many chemical paths depending on the catalyst, and multiple value-added hydrocarbons can be generated. This research looks into a catalyst development for converting high CO2 gas field into methane and alcohols. The study focused on catalytic conversion of CO2 to methane over Ru based catalyst while in the case of alcohols using Cu based catalyst. Both catalysts were synthesized via impregnation techniques where the aqueous precursors’ solution were impregnated on the oxide supports, stirred, filtered and washed. The samples were then dried, ground and calcined. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using various analytical techniques (e.g., TPR, FESEM, N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD) for their physicochemical properties. The catalytic performance in CO2 hydrogenation was performed using a fixed bed reactor at various factors such as temperature, pressure, feed gas ratio and space velocity. The experimental findings indicate that conversion of CO2 to methane over Ru based catalyst resulted in >84% CO2 conversion with 99% methane selectivity in the range of temperature 280 – 320 °C and at atmospheric pressure. In the case of hydrogenation of CO2 to alcohols, the catalytic performance of Cu based catalyst exhibited CO2 conversion of >11% and selectivity towards alcohols, C1 and C2, both at 4% with reaction temperature of 250 °C and pressure 30 bar. These findings revealed that methane could easily be formed from CO2 as compared to alcohol. However, both technology conversions are dependent on the catalyst selection and its’ activity. Process parameters need to be optimized to maximize targeted product formation and suppress the side products.

Abstract Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) have attracted much attention in recent years, and they could play a significant role in the future of energy supply and the nuclear industry. Many factors have contributed to the advancement of SMRs, including their affordability and zero greenhouse gas emissions. However, the most significant advantage associated with SMRs is their increased safety level, which has been achieved by introducing a wide range of new design features. Despite the diversity of design techniques, a similar set of design principles, such as Passive Safety Systems (PSSs), has been adopted to improve plant safety and robustness, eliminate design vulnerabilities, minimize accident likelihood, and mitigate accident effects. Reliability and safety evaluation of PSSs are crucial from the design phase to achieve these objectives. Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) is a well-known methodology for analyzing risk levels associated with safety-critical systems in many industries, such as the aerospace, oil and gas, and nuclear industries. Probabilistic safety assessment utilizes the combination of Event Tree (ET) and Fault Tree (FT) techniques to estimate risks associated with certain undesired top events, such as core meltdown in the nuclear industry. Although PSA offers a range of advantages for safety assessment compared with traditional deterministic risk analysis technology, it also has some limitations. There are still many challenges associated with dynamic PSA analysis due to the demand for computational power for oversized FTs and ETs. Moreover, the final assessment result is prone to a significant uncertainty level due to human-related errors. Some of the challenges associated with PSA might be alleviated by Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), as ANNs address the limitations of PSA, such as adaptive capacity, learning ability, and real-time calculation, which are challenging for dynamic process systems. Apart from ANNs, Bayesian Networks (BNs) are used to establish the collection of stochastic processes and their conditional dependencies through graphical connections. Bayesian Network is a graph layout that models accident scenarios and various real-world problems. This paper investigates the application of artificial intelligence (Deep Learning (DL)) to enhance FT analysis through the conversion of FT and ANN models. The potentiality of extending this technique to analyze the reliability and safety of PSSs in SMRs is examined. In SMRs, natural circulation has a low driving force, and PSSs are easily manipulated by system variables such as heat loss, flow friction, and oxidation, leading to system instability and jeopardizing the system’s safety. As a result, FT analysis is inadequate to capture these effects in real-time to analyze the reliability and safety of PSSs. This paper demonstrates that the introduction of ANN could help address some of these limitations.