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Journal articles on the topic 'Captive Conservation'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Stevenson, Miranda, and Anna Meredith. "Captive conservation." Veterinary Nursing Journal 20, no. 5 (May 2005): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17415349.2005.11013350.

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2

Cohn, Jeffrey P. "Captive Breeding for Conservation." BioScience 38, no. 5 (May 1988): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310732.

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3

Leus, Kristin. "Captive breeding and conservation." Zoology in the Middle East 54, sup3 (January 2011): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2011.10648906.

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4

Mallinson, Jeremy J. C., and Anna T. C. Feistner. "Captive propagation and effective conservation." Biodiversity and Conservation 4, no. 6 (August 1995): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00222511.

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5

Johnson, Ronald E., Malcolm C. Coulter, Charles S. Luthin, Catherine E. King, and Alfred J. Valenzuela. "Storks: Status, Conservation and Captive Breeding." Colonial Waterbirds 10, no. 2 (1987): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1521263.

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6

Kleiman, Devra G. "Reintroduction of Captive Mammals for Conservation." BioScience 39, no. 3 (March 1989): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1311025.

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7

Jackson, John, Dylan Z. Childs, Khyne U. Mar, Win Htut, and Virpi Lummaa. "Long-term trends in wild-capture and population dynamics point to an uncertain future for captive elephants." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1899 (March 27, 2019): 20182810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2810.

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Maintaining sustainable populations in captivity without supplementation through wild-capture is a major challenge in conservation that zoos and aquaria are working towards. However, the capture of wild animals continues for many purposes where conservation is not the primary focus. Wild-capture hinders long-term conservation goals by reducing remaining wild populations, but the direct and long-term indirect consequences of wild-capture for captive population viability are rarely addressed using longitudinal data. We explored the implications of changes in wild-capture on population dynamics in captivity over 54 years using a multi-generational studbook of working Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus ) from Myanmar, the largest remaining captive elephant population. Here we show that population growth and birth rates declined between 1960 and 2014 with declines in wild-capture. Importantly, wild-caught females had reduced birth rates and a higher mortality risk. However, despite the disadvantages of wild-capture, the population may not be sustainable without it, with immediate declines owing to an unstable age-structure that may last for 50 years. Our results highlight the need to assess the long-term demographic consequences of wild-capture to ensure the sustainability of captive and wild populations as species are increasingly managed and conserved in altered or novel environments.
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8

FRANKHAM, RICHARD. "Quantitative genetics in conservation biology." Genetical Research 74, no. 3 (December 1999): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001667239900405x.

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Most of the major genetic concerns in conservation biology, including inbreeding depression, loss of evolutionary potential, genetic adaptation to captivity and outbreeding depression, involve quantitative genetics. Small population size leads to inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity and so increases extinction risk. Captive populations of endangered species are managed to maximize the retention of genetic diversity by minimizing kinship, with subsidiary efforts to minimize inbreeding. There is growing evidence that genetic adaptation to captivity is a major issue in the genetic management of captive populations of endangered species as it reduces reproductive fitness when captive populations are reintroduced into the wild. This problem is not currently addressed, but it can be alleviated by deliberately fragmenting captive populations, with occasional exchange of immigrants to avoid excessive inbreeding. The extent and importance of outbreeding depression is a matter of controversy. Currently, an extremely cautious approach is taken to mixing populations. However, this cannot continue if fragmented populations are to be adequately managed to minimize extinctions. Most genetic management recommendations for endangered species arise directly, or indirectly, from quantitative genetic considerations.
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9

Dewi, Bainah Sari, Akhmad Kamaluddin, and Yoshua Gdemakarti. "The Public Perception towards the Development of Deer Breeding in Bandar Lampung." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 7, no. 2 (May 28, 2019): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl27244-254.

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The existence of the deer population that continue to decline in its natural habitat need conservation efforts, such as through ex-situ conservation. Deer captive breeding is one of the ex-situ conservation efforts to ensure the sustainability of wildlife from the threat of extinction. This research aims to know the public perception towards the management and development of captive deer in an effort to improve the conservation of deer was ex-situ. This research was conducted in October – November 2018 in three stations of the captive breeding of sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) and timor deer (Cervus timorensis) in University of Lampung and timor deer (Cervus timorensis) breeding in Tahura Wan Abdul Rachman through interviews to respondents and then the data collected were analyzed descriptively. The results showed a positive public perception towards the development of captive breeding. The results also showed the community supports on the development of deer captive breeding, the management of captive breeding, habitat suitability characteristics, the existence of species and species treatment in captivity, and the development of deer captive as object conservation-based tourism. Keywords: captive reeding, perception, deer
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10

Vidal, Fernando, Jo Anne M. Smith-Flueck, Werner T. Flueck, and Eduardo Arias. "Patagonian huemul deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus) under captive conditions: an historical overview." Animal Production Science 51, no. 4 (2011): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10226.

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Huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) is a native deer of Patagonia whose endangered status has raised concerns for several decades, and yet conservation efforts to reverse this situation have not succeeded for most populations. Captive breeding projects attempted in the past were short-lived; animals were often lost due to poor methodology or unsanitary conditions during capture, transport stresses and rudimentary husbandry, and reintroductions could not be realised. Despite inappropriate capture and transport techniques of the past, a few individuals did make it to captive centres where they managed to survive for several years, with a minimum of eight births recorded. Regardless of the successes, it is the past failures that impinge upon today’s conservation efforts. In Argentina, a recent financially backed proposal – establishing a huemul breeding centre and including an in situ reintroduction program – was prevented by the prevailing opinion that captive breeding was neither feasible nor a necessary conservation tool for huemul. In Chile, the Huilo Huilo Foundation was able to obtain government consent and to establish the only captive breeding project in the last two decades with the main objective of reintroducing individuals in the future. Here we present some of the historical accounts to demonstrate the suitability of the species to captivity. We then describe the Chilean semi-captive breeding program (begun in 2005) including capture, transport, site selection, construction design and maintenance procedures of the two centres. The first centre has grown from an initial two adults to nine individuals. The second centre, which initially served for rehabilitation of an injured male, is awaiting arrival of some females. The success of the current program demonstrates that huemul can do well in captivity, and wherever considered beneficial, could serve as a significant conservation tool for the recovery of the species, inclusive of a research program and reintroductions to qualified sites.
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11

Greenwood, Andrew. "Veterinary science on the conservation frontline." Companion Animal 25, no. 3 (April 2, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2020.0024.

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Experienced veterinary professionals use their specialist expertise gained from working with various taxa in captive situations such as zoos, falconry and exotic pets, to assist with all stages of wildlife conservation projects from initial stabilisation of critically-endangered populations through captive management, reintroduction/translocation and long-term monitoring.
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12

Greenwood, Andrew. "Veterinary science on the conservation frontline." Veterinary Nurse 11, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/vetn.2020.11.2.104.

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Experienced veterinary professionals use their specialist expertise gained from working with various taxa in captive situations such as zoos, falconry and exotic pets, to assist with all stages of wildlife conservation projects from initial stabilisation of critically-endangered populations through captive management, reintroduction/translocation and long-term monitoring.
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13

DIXON, ALEXANDRA M. "Captive management and the conservation of birds." International Zoo Yearbook 24, no. 1 (January 1986): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1985.tb02518.x.

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14

HUGHES, D. G., and P. M. BENNETT. "Captive breeding and the conservation of invertebrates." International Zoo Yearbook 30, no. 1 (January 1990): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1990.tb01141.x.

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15

HUGHES, D. G., and P. M. BENNETT. "Captive breeding and the conservation of invertebrates." International Zoo Yearbook 30, no. 1 (December 18, 2007): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1991.tb03464.x.

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16

Deinard, Amos S., and Kenneth Kidd. "Identifying conservation units within captive chimpanzee populations." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 111, no. 1 (January 2000): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(200001)111:1<25::aid-ajpa3>3.0.co;2-r.

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17

Luo, Shu-Jin, Warren E. Johnson, Janice Martenson, Agostinho Antunes, Paolo Martelli, Olga Uphyrkina, Kathy Traylor-Holzer, James L. D. Smith, and Stephen J. O'Brien. "Subspecies Genetic Assignments of Worldwide Captive Tigers Increase Conservation Value of Captive Populations." Current Biology 18, no. 8 (April 2008): 592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.053.

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18

Hunter, Luke T. B., Paula White, Philipp Henschel, Laurence Frank, Cole Burton, Andrew Loveridge, Guy Balme, Christine Breitenmoser, and Urs Breitenmoser. "Walking with lions: why there is no role for captive-origin lions Panthera leo in species restoration." Oryx 47, no. 1 (July 31, 2012): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312000695.

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AbstractDespite formidable challenges and few successes in reintroducing large cats from captivity to the wild, the release of captives has widespread support from the general public and local governments, and continues to occur ad hoc. Commercial so-called lion Panthera leo encounter operations in Africa exemplify the issue, in which the captive breeding of the lion is linked to claims of reintroduction and broader conservation outcomes. In this article we assess the capacity of such programmes to contribute to in situ lion conservation. By highlighting the availability of wild founders, the unsuitability of captive lions for release and the evidence-based success of wild–wild lion translocations, we show that captive-origin lions have no role in species restoration. We also argue that approaches to reintroduction exemplified by the lion encounter industry do not address the reasons for the decline of lions in situ, nor do they represent a model that can be widely applied to restoration of threatened felids elsewhere.
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19

Firliansyah, Eterna, Mirza Dikari Kusrini, and Arzyana Sunkar. "Pemanfaatan dan Efektivitas Kegiatan Penangkaran Penyu di Bali bagi Konservasi Penyu." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 2, no. 1 (October 4, 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.25690.

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Sea turtle has been widely consumed in Bali since the 1970s mostly for religious activities. After many international critics, various stakeholders (governments, NGOs, environmentalists and Balinese people) developed the so-called “turtle conservation centre” as means to conserve sea turtles. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of those conservation efforts by evaluating the conservation activities of each conservation centres. We visited five sea turtle conservation centres in Bali; all were named as captive breeding centres or farm. The captive breeding centre is misleading as there is no activity related to captive breeding, mostly hatchery. Some of the eggs were not even originated from Bali, and the centres were sometimes used as the source for sea turtle for religious purposes. Based on the scoring, only one centre is active in terms of conservation. Turtle conservation program in Bali should increase their in situ program, i.e. mapping and protecting the nesting habitat and conducting regular monitoring of nesting turtle.
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20

Bruning, Donald F. "The Conservation Role of Captive Propagation in Zoos." Colonial Waterbirds 10, no. 2 (1987): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1521266.

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21

HUTCHINS, M., and M. D. KREGER. "Rhinoceros behaviour: implications for captive management and conservation." International Zoo Yearbook 40, no. 1 (July 2006): 150–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.2006.00150.x.

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22

YOUNG, S., L. BERGER, and R. SPEARE. "Amphibian chytridiomycosis: strategies for captive management and conservation." International Zoo Yearbook 41, no. 1 (July 2007): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.2007.00010.x.

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23

Reid, G. McGregor. "Captive breeding for the conservation of cichlid fishes." Journal of Fish Biology 37, sa (December 1990): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05031.x.

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24

GRIFFITHS, RICHARD A., and LISSETTE PAVAJEAU. "Captive Breeding, Reintroduction, and the Conservation of Amphibians." Conservation Biology 22, no. 4 (July 9, 2008): 852–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00967.x.

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25

Sunkar, A., N. Ma’rufi, and B. Masy’ud. "Household Captive Breeding: Women Empowerment in Wildlife Conservation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 528 (July 22, 2020): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/528/1/012060.

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26

Waugh, David. "Training in zoo biology, captive breeding, and conservation." Zoo Biology 7, no. 3 (1988): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430070309.

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27

Seddon, P. J., M. Saint Jalme, Y. van Heezik, P. Paillat, P. Gaucher, and O. Combreau. "Restoration of houbara bustard populations in Saudi Arabia: developments and future directions." Oryx 29, no. 2 (April 1995): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300021013.

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The National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development (NCWCD) was established in 1986 to oversee all wildlife conservation programmes in Saudi Arabia. One of the first species-specific programmes, started in the same year, was a houbara bustard Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii captive-breeding project at the National Wildlife Research Center. With the production in 1992 of a selfsustaining captive houbara flock and the provision of an annual surplus of houbara chicks, attention has shifted to the release of captive-bred houbara into protected areas. Critical review of the houbara programme in 1993 emphasized the need for field studies, public-awareness programmes and international collaboration in addition to captive-rearing and release.
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28

Dolman, PM, RJ Burnside, KM Scotland, and NJ Collar. "Captive breeding and the conservation of the threatened houbara bustards." Endangered Species Research 46 (November 18, 2021): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr01151.

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Translocation of captive-bred individuals to reinforce wild populations may be an important conservation approach for some species, but can be detrimental when employed to boost exploited wild populations, particularly where repeated long-term reinforcement aims to compensate for repeated unregulated offtake. We review evidence that captive breeding alters multiple physiological, life-history and temperamental traits through founder effects, genetic drift and unintended adaption to captivity; degrades learnt behaviours; and compromises biogeography, population structure and viability through introgression. We highlight these risks for the globally threatened African houbara Chlamydotis undulata and Asian houbara C. macqueenii, 2 bustard species hunted throughout much of their ranges and now subject to multiple large-scale captive-breeding programmes and translocations. In eastern Morocco, annual releases of captive-bred African houbara are 2‒3 times higher than original wild numbers, but no investigation of their potentially deleterious effects has, to our knowledge, been published, although most wild populations may now have been replaced by captive-bred domestic stock, which are reportedly not self-sustaining. Despite multiple decades of reinforcement, we are not aware of any analysis of the contribution of captive breeding to African houbara population dynamics, or of the genomic consequences. Asian houbara release programmes may also be promoting rather than preventing declines, and need to contextualise themselves through rigorous analyses of wild population numbers, demographic rates and threats, maintenance of phylogeographic concordance of released with supplemented populations, profiling of traits crucial to survival and the measurement and modelling of the impacts of reinforcement on physiological and behavioural fitness of wild populations.
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29

Naylor, Whitney, and E. C. M. Parsons. "An International Online Survey on Public Attitudes Towards the Keeping of Whales and Dolphins in Captivity." Tourism in Marine Environments 14, no. 3 (October 23, 2019): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427319x15627970573318.

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In 2015, an international online survey was conducted to investigate public attitudes on keeping cetaceans in captivity (N = 858). Respondents were significantly (p < 0.001) more likely to be opposed to displaying dolphins and whales in marine theme parks and aquariums (opposed to captive display: 54.4%; support captive display: 45.5%). Only 5% of respondents from the US stated they "strongly support" (with 33.3% "support") keeping dolphins and whales in marine theme parks and aquariums, while 21% of participants from India did so (43.4% "support"). Participants that support cetaceans in captivity were significantly more likely to believe cetacean conservation is not important. Six times as many respondents (or 86%) preferred to view cetaceans in the wild via whale watching (61% preferring boat based, 25% land based) versus in captivity. Respondents from the US were less likely to prefer watching cetaceans in a marine theme park (9%) than those from India (26%). Almost 80% of respondents objected to capturing free-ranging dolphins and whales for display in zoos and aquariums. Only 19% of respondents indicated approval for dolphins performing shows involving tricks for human enjoyment, while 85% supported keeping dolphins in captivity when they are sick or injured. Eighty percent supported captive research that benefited conservation of free-ranging populations, dropping to 60% when the research supported the development of captive husbandry methods. Seventy percent of participants were opposed to keeping cetaceans in concrete tanks, versus 53% who were opposed to sea pen enclosures as well. Respondents who believed dolphin and whale conservation was not important were significantly more likely to oppose keeping captive dolphins for research benefiting conservation in the wild. Moreover, respondents who felt dolphin and whale conservation was only "slightly important" were significantly more like to support keeping captive cetaceans for entertainment purposes.
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30

Fleming, Ian A. "Captive Breeding and the Conservation of Wild Salmon Populations." Conservation Biology 8, no. 3 (September 1994): 886–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08030863-13.x.

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31

COOPER, J. E. "The conservation and captive management of raptors: an overview." International Zoo Yearbook 23, no. 1 (December 18, 2007): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1984.tb02990.x.

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32

Thorne, E. Tom, P. J. S. Olney, G. M. Mace, and A. T. C. Feistner. "Creative Conservation: Interactive Management of Wild and Captive Animals." Journal of Wildlife Management 60, no. 4 (October 1996): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3802403.

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33

Tisdell, Clem. "Property rights in non-captive wildlife and biodiversity conservation." International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 4, no. 4 (2004): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgenvi.2004.006050.

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34

Laikre, Linda. "Hereditary defects and conservation genetic management of captive populations." Zoo Biology 18, no. 2 (1999): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2361(1999)18:2<81::aid-zoo1>3.0.co;2-2.

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35

Slade, Brendan, Marissa L. Parrott, Aleisha Paproth, Michael J. L. Magrath, Graeme R. Gillespie, and Tim S. Jessop. "Assortative mating among animals of captive and wild origin following experimental conservation releases." Biology Letters 10, no. 11 (November 2014): 20140656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0656.

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Captive breeding is a high profile management tool used for conserving threatened species. However, the inevitable consequence of generations in captivity is broad scale and often-rapid phenotypic divergence between captive and wild individuals, through environmental differences and genetic processes. Although poorly understood, mate choice preference is one of the changes that may occur in captivity that could have important implications for the reintroduction success of captive-bred animals. We bred wild-caught house mice for three generations to examine mating patterns and reproductive outcomes when these animals were simultaneously released into multiple outdoor enclosures with wild conspecifics. At release, there were significant differences in phenotypic (e.g. body mass) and genetic measures (e.g. G st and F ) between captive-bred and wild adult mice. Furthermore, 83% of offspring produced post-release were of same source parentage, inferring pronounced assortative mating. Our findings suggest that captive breeding may affect mating preferences, with potentially adverse implications for the success of threatened species reintroduction programmes.
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36

Hennache, Alain, Ettore Randi, and Vittorio Lucchini. "Genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships and conservation of Edwards's Pheasant Lophura edwardsi." Bird Conservation International 8, no. 4 (December 1998): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927090000215x.

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SummaryAn historical study shows that the present day ex situ population of Edwards's Pheasant Lophura edwardsi, now numbering over 1,000 living specimens, originated in the 1920s from at least six different sources and c. 30 potential founders, including more males than females. Partial sequences, 820 nucleotides long, of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region were obtained in representatives of about half of 21 captive-reared bloodlines, identified from data in the revised International Studbook. All captive-reared birds had identical sequences. Sequences of mtDNA obtained from museum skins and samples of birds collected in the wild were slightly different from that representing the captivereared birds. The lack of mtDNA variability in the captive stock is probably due to the small number of founding females and genetic drift during c. 30 generations of captive breeding. Estimation of true extent of mtDNA sequence variability in historical and living wild Edwards's Pheasants awaits the procurement and analysis of more specimens. At least one bloodline of captive Edwards's Pheasant is polluted with exogenous genes resulting from past hybridization with Swinhoe's Pheasant L. sivinhoii. Edwards's Pheasant is more closely related to Vietnamese Pheasant L. hatinhensis and Imperial Pheasant L. imperialis than to several other taxa regarded as full species in the genus Lophura. However it is not yet possible to determine the extent of their evolutionary divergence and of their proper taxonomic rank. The initial results of this genetic research suggest that there should be efforts to (1) expand field sampling and genetic analyses of wild populations of Lophura species, (2) purge the captive stock of Edwards' Pheasant of all hybrids, (3) apply microsatellite analyses to estimate the level of genetic diversity in nuclear DNA.
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37

Old, Julie M., and Hayley J. Stannard. "Corrigendum to: Conservation of quolls (Dasyurus spp.) in captivity – a review." Australian Mammalogy 43, no. 3 (2021): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am20033_co.

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Quolls are carnivorous marsupials in the family Dasyuridae with characteristic white spots. They are distributed throughout Australia and New Guinea, but uncommonly seen due to their mostly nocturnal solitary nature, and large home ranges. All Australian quolls are listed as ‘near threatened' or ‘endangered' at state, national and international levels, largely due to human-induced threats. Threats include introduced predators, habitat loss through clearing and modifications including changed fire regimes, disease, human persecution, vehicle collisions and accidental or targeted poisoning by humans and cane toads (Rhinella marina). Conservation efforts that have focussed on reducing introduced predators, and minimising the impact of cane toads, have aided some translocations, hence species recovery in some local areas of Australia has occurred. Where species conservation has required captive breeding for translocation, successful captive management has been crucial. We summarise research conducted in captivity on aspects of birth and development, health and disease, and blood and nutrition parameters of quolls, and suggest future directions for research. Further research on captive and wild quoll populations will benefit future translocations, reintroductions and conservation through increased knowledge, improved maintenance and husbandry of captive colonies, and monitoring of wild populations.
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38

Gese, Eric M., William T. Waddell, Patricia A. Terletzky, Chris F. Lucash, Scott R. McLellan, and Susan K. Behrns. "Cross-fostering as a conservation tool to augment endangered carnivore populations." Journal of Mammalogy 99, no. 5 (July 24, 2018): 1033–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyy087.

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Abstract Cross-fostering offspring with nonbiological parents could prove useful to augment populations of endangered carnivores. We used cross-fostering to augment captive-born and wild-born litters for the endangered red wolf (Canis rufus). Between 1987 and 2016, 23 cross-fostering events occurred involving captive-born pups fostered into captive litters (n = 8 events) and captive-born pups fostered into wild recipient litters (n = 15 events). Percentage of pups surviving 3 and 12 months was 91.7% for captive-born pups fostered into captive recipient litters. For pups fostered into wild litters, percentage of pups surviving 5 months was &gt; 94% among fostered pups (pups fostered into a wild red wolf litter or replaced a hybrid litter), pups in recipient litters (wild-born litters receiving fostered pups), and pups in control litters (wild-born litters not in a fostering event) when using pups with known fates. Including pups with unknown fates as deaths, percentage of pups surviving 5 months was &gt; 54% among fostered pups, pups in recipient litters, and pups in control litters. Among wild litters, percentage of pups surviving 12 months was &gt; 82% among fostered pups, pups in recipient litters, and pups in control litters when using pups with known fates. Including pups with unknown fates as deaths, percentage of pups surviving 12 months was &gt; 48% among fostered pups, pups in recipient litters, and pups in control litters. Although survival to 12 months was similar among the groups, average life span was different with pups in control litters living 3.3 years, pups in recipient litters living 4.6 years, and fostered pups living 5.6 years. Of fostered pups surviving &gt; 12 months in the wild, 9 animals whelped or sired 26 litters. Cross-fostering was successful at augmenting litter size for red wolves without any deleterious effects on recipient litters, illustrating fostering as a tool for increasing populations of endangered carnivores.
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39

Chen, Guoling, Chenqing Zheng, Nelson Wan, Daoqiang Liu, Vivian Wing Kan Fu, Xu Yang, Yat-tung Yu, and Yang Liu. "Low genetic diversity in captive populations of the critically endangered Blue-crowned Laughingthrush (Garrulax courtoisi) revealed by a panel of novel microsatellites." PeerJ 7 (March 20, 2019): e6643. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6643.

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Background Captive populations permit research and conservation of endangered species in which these efforts are hardly implemented in wild populations. Thus, analysing genetic diversity and structure of captive populations offers unique opportunities. One example is the critically endangered Blue-crowned Laughingthrush, Garrulax courtoisi, which has only two known wild populations in Wuyuan, Jiangxi and Simao, Yunnan, China. We carried out the first conservation genetic study, in order to provide useful implications that allow for successful ex situ conservation and management of the Blue-crowned Laughingthrush. Methods Using the novel microsatellite markers developed by whole-genome sequencing, we genotyped two captive populations, from the Ocean Park Hong Kong, which are of unknown origin, and the Nanchang Zoo, which were introduced from the Wuyuan wild population since the year 2010–2011, respectively. The genetic diversity of captive Blue-crowned Laughingthrush populations was estimated based on genetic polymorphisms revealed by a new microsatellite data set and mitochondrial sequences. Then, we characterised the population structure using STRUCTURE, principal coordinates analysis, population assignment test using the microsatellite data, and haplotype analysis of mitochondrial data. Additionally, we quantified genetic relatedness based on the microsatellite data with ML-Relate. Results Our results showed equally low levels of genetic diversity of the two captive Blue-crowned Laughingthrush populations. The population structure analysis, population assignment test using the microsatellite data, and haplotype analysis of the mitochondrial data showed weak population structuring between these two populations. The average pairwise relatedness coefficient was not significant, and their genetic relatedness was quantified. Discussion This study offers a genetic tool and consequently reveals a low level of genetic diversity within populations of a critically endangered bird species. Furthermore, our results indicate that we cannot exclude the probability that the origin of the Hong Kong captive population was the wild population from Wuyuan. These results provide valuable knowledge that can help improve conservation management and planning for both captive and wild Blue-crowned Laughingthrush populations.
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Gani, Millawati, Jeffrine J. Rovie-Ryan, Frankie Thomas Sitam, Noor Azleen Mohd Kulaimi, Chew Cheah Zheng, Aida Nur Atiqah, Nur Maisarah Abd Rahim, and Ahmad Azhar Mohammed. "Taxonomic and genetic assessment of captive White-Handed Gibbons (Hylobates lar) in Peninsular Malaysia with implications towards conservation translocation and reintroduction programmes." ZooKeys 1076 (December 8, 2021): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.73262.

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Conservation translocation and reintroduction for the purpose of repopulating and reinforcing extirpated or depleted populations has been recognised as an important conservation tool, particularly for gibbon conservation in the immediate future. Feasibility assessments involving multiple factors, including taxonomic and genetic assessment of rescued and captive gibbons, are imperative prior to translocation and reintroduction programmes. In this study, we attempt to determine the subspecies and origin of captive Hylobates lar, White-handed gibbons, from Peninsular Malaysia to assist in future translocation and reintroduction programmes. A total of 12 captive and rescued H. lar samples were analysed using the control region segment of mitochondrial DNA. Sequence analyses and phylogenetic trees constructed using neighbour-joining, maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference, and network methods congruently differentiate all 12 captive individuals used in this study from other H. lar subspecies suggesting that these individuals belong to the H. lar lar subspecies. In addition, two populations of H. l. lar were observed: (1) a southern population consisting of all 12 individuals from Peninsular Malaysia, and (2) a possible northern population represented by three individuals (from previous studies), which might have originated from the region between the Isthmus of Kra, Surat Thani-Krabi depression, and Kangar-Pattani. Our findings suggest that the complete control region segment can be used to determine the subspecies and origin of captive H. lar.
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Hare, K. M., N. Schumann, A. J. Hoskins, C. H. Daugherty, D. R. Towns, and D. G. Chapple. "Predictors of translocation success of captive‐reared lizards: implications for their captive management." Animal Conservation 23, no. 3 (October 22, 2019): 320–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acv.12544.

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Recino-Reyes, Elsi Beatriz, Julia María Lesher-Gordillo, Salima Machkour-M’Rabet, Manuel Ignacio Gallardo-Alvarez, Claudia Elena Zenteno-Ruiz, León David Olivera-Gómez, Alejandra Valdés-Marín, et al. "Conservation and Management of Trachemys venusta venusta in Southern Mexico: A Genetic Approach." Tropical Conservation Science 13 (January 2020): 194008292096150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940082920961506.

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The Meso-American slider turtle ( Trachemys venusta) is a freshwater turtle that is widely distributed from Mexico to Colombia. Due to the overexploitation of populations of this species in Mexico, it has been placed within the “subject to special protection” category formulated by the Official Mexican Standard NOM-059-ECOL-2010. In the state of Tabasco, Mexico, Management Units for the Conservation of Wildlife (UMA) were created to reduce the impact of overexploitation of freshwater turtles bred in captivity. However, no genetic management plan was considered. The present study was carried out in an UMA in the state of Tabasco. We obtained the level of genetic diversity of the founder individuals of the UMA in order to develop a management plan which will optimize reproduction in the UMA. Genetic diversity was compared between captive (n = 86) and wild (n = 45) individuals using 14 microsatellite molecular markers. The genetic diversity parameter ​​determined in this study was slightly higher for captive than for wild population ( He = 0.606 and He = 0.594 respectively), reflecting the mix of genetic sources in captive group (founding individuals from different localities) and demonstrating that the captive population contains a diverse subset of alleles from representative populations. The analysis of genetic structure revealed a relationship between captive and wild populations, indicating the influence of the two principal river basins in this region on the populations structure of freshwater turtles. Finally, according to the results obtained from the relationship analysis, we recommend the use of 19 females and 13 males to constitute the appropriate breeding group, generating a potential of 247 dyads with no relationship. However, in order to improve breeding program and the genetic diversity of captive population, we suggest to introduce wild-caught individuals. These results are the first regarding genetic management in a Mexican UMA and demonstrate the importance of molecular approaches in the management and conservation of captive species.
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Karlsdóttir, Berglind, Andrew T. Knight, Kevin Johnson, and Jeff Dawson. "Lessons from practitioners for designing and implementing effective amphibian captive breeding programmes." Oryx 55, no. 3 (April 12, 2021): 382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605320000332.

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AbstractWith 40% of global amphibian species threatened with extinction, captive breeding programmes are an increasingly important conservation tool. The highest priority species occur in tropical countries, which presents a number of challenges. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 practitioners in Latin America, Africa and Asia to investigate how the effectiveness of amphibian captive breeding programmes could be improved. A thematic analysis identified 94 barriers and enablers across 13 themes. We found that existing programmes commonly followed a reactive and often ineffective four-stage operational model. Subsequently, we developed a proactive operational model, using the barriers and enablers identified by this study, to support programme managers in the implementation of effective programmes. Our findings suggest human dimensions are often critical barriers or enablers across all stages of captive breeding programmes. We recommend the development of strategic partnerships between institutions, including zoos, NGOs, governments and captive breeding programmes, to help overcome these critical barriers and improve the effectiveness of global amphibian conservation. This operational model could be translated to captive breeding programmes for other taxa.
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Priyambodo, Priyambodo, and Elly L. Rustiati. "Comparative Cytogenetic Study on Male and Female Captive Sumatran Elephant in Elephant Training Center, Way Kambas National Park." International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research 3, no. 1 (July 23, 2018): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21157/ijtvbr.v3i1.11333.

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Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) was one of five big mammals in Way Kambas National Park (WKNP). Cytogenetic study was a part of conservation effort for sumatran elephant, especially in conservation genetic field. Captive sumatran elephant’s blood in Elephant Training Center (ETC) WKNP was collected to karyotype analysis. Captive sumatran elephant’s chromosome was analyzed by squashing technique with pretreating cells in a hypotonic solution. The study of karyotypes were made by giemsa staining applied to captive elephant’s blood cell. The diploid number of captive sumatran elephant was 56 both in male and female. The karyotype analysis performed different fundamental number in male and female, both of total fundamental number (FN) and autosomal fundamental number (FNa). Chromosome of female sumatran elephant showed the FN = 8, and FNa = 6, but in male sumatran elephant FN = 7, and FNa = . The karyotypes of X chromosome was large submetacentric and Y chromosome was small acrocentric.. The karyotype presented here will compilled with DNA fingerprinting analysis of all captive sumatran elephant in ETC WKNP as references in future breeding policy.
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Santamaría-Vanegas, Johanna, and Laura C. Rodríguez-Rey. "Gut bacteria comparison between wild and captive neotropical otters." Universitas Scientiarum 25, no. 2 (October 2, 2020): 359–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc25-2.gbcb.

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The neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis) is considered a flagship species for the conservation of the ecosystems in which it resides and is currently in a vulnerable state. As a conservation strategy for this species, rehabilitation, breeding, and reintroduction programs of captive individuals have been proposed. However, it is likely that the environment and feeding conditions in captivity result in gut microbial communities that differ from those in wild animals. Gut microbial communities have an important role in the physiological performance of an animal. To determine differences between gut microbial communities of otters in wild and captive living conditions, the structure and diversity of their gut bacterial communities were determined using 16S rDNA molecular markers. Total DNA was isolated from fecal samples of wild animals from the La Vieja River basin and from captive animals in the Cali Zoo. As expected, the gut bacterial communities of captive animals converged to a more similar structure, and their bacterial diversity was significantly lower than that found in wild animals.
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Ostrowski, Stéphane, Eric Bedin, Daniel M. Lenain, and Abdulaziz H. Abuzinada. "Ten years of Arabian oryx conservation breeding in Saudi Arabia – achievements and regional perspectives." Oryx 32, no. 3 (July 1998): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1998.d01-38.x.

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The National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development was established in 1986 to oversee all wildlife conservation programmes in Saudi Arabia. The Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx is one of the flagship species of the Saudi Arabian reintroduction policy. It has been captive-bred since 1986 at the National Wildlife Research Center near Taif. With the creation of a network of protected areas in the former distribution range of the species, attention has shifted to the release of captive-bred oryx into Mahazat as-Sayd and 'Uruq Bani Ma'arid reserves. Similar programmes carried out in other countries of the Arabian Peninsula underline the need for regional co-operation and pan-Arabic public awareness programmes, in addition to captive-breeding and reintroduction projects.
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Hayward, Gary S. "Conservation: clarifying the risk from herpesvirus to captive Asian elephants." Veterinary Record 170, no. 8 (February 24, 2012): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.e1212.

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Guo, J. "CONSERVATION BIOLOGY: Will Captive Breeding Save Africa's King of Beasts?" Science 324, no. 5925 (April 17, 2009): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.324.5925.331.

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49

Frantzen, M. A. J., J. W. H. Ferguson, and M. S. de Villiers. "The conservation role of captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Biological Conservation 100, no. 2 (August 2001): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00046-5.

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Ortega-Argueta, Alejandro, and Delma Nataly Castelblanco-Martínez. "Is captive breeding a priority for manatee conservation in Mexico?" Oryx 54, no. 1 (May 2, 2018): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317001697.

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AbstractThe Endangered Antillean manateeTrichechus manatus manatusis one of the most threatened aquatic mammal species in Mexico and the wider Caribbean region. The decline of this subspecies is mainly a result of historical exploitation and the impact of current coastal development. The conservation strategies adopted for the Antillean manatee include habitat protection, reduction of the most severe threats, and the rescue of stranded, orphaned or injured individuals and their management in captivity. This latter strategy has produced positive outcomes in some countries but has been the subject of controversy in others, including Mexico. We analyse the benefits and challenges associated with the management of captive manatees in Mexico, and the consequences of a lack of government policy and strategy for the post-rehabilitation release of individuals. We describe the evolution of this controversy from 1997–2017 in Mexico, analyse the consequences and implications for the conservation of the species, and propose an integrated management strategy that could address the issues raised. Although this strategy has been developed in the context of Mexico, it is applicable to management of this species across the Caribbean region.
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