Academic literature on the topic 'Captive breeding program'
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Journal articles on the topic "Captive breeding program"
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Vidal, Fernando, Jo Anne M. Smith-Flueck, Werner T. Flueck, and Eduardo Arias. "Patagonian huemul deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus) under captive conditions: an historical overview." Animal Production Science 51, no. 4 (2011): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10226.
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Huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) is a native deer of Patagonia whose endangered status has raised concerns for several decades, and yet conservation efforts to reverse this situation have not succeeded for most populations. Captive breeding projects attempted in the past were short-lived; animals were often lost due to poor methodology or unsanitary conditions during capture, transport stresses and rudimentary husbandry, and reintroductions could not be realised. Despite inappropriate capture and transport techniques of the past, a few individuals did make it to captive centres where they managed to survive for several years, with a minimum of eight births recorded. Regardless of the successes, it is the past failures that impinge upon today’s conservation efforts. In Argentina, a recent financially backed proposal – establishing a huemul breeding centre and including an in situ reintroduction program – was prevented by the prevailing opinion that captive breeding was neither feasible nor a necessary conservation tool for huemul. In Chile, the Huilo Huilo Foundation was able to obtain government consent and to establish the only captive breeding project in the last two decades with the main objective of reintroducing individuals in the future. Here we present some of the historical accounts to demonstrate the suitability of the species to captivity. We then describe the Chilean semi-captive breeding program (begun in 2005) including capture, transport, site selection, construction design and maintenance procedures of the two centres. The first centre has grown from an initial two adults to nine individuals. The second centre, which initially served for rehabilitation of an injured male, is awaiting arrival of some females. The success of the current program demonstrates that huemul can do well in captivity, and wherever considered beneficial, could serve as a significant conservation tool for the recovery of the species, inclusive of a research program and reintroductions to qualified sites.
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Power, Vicki, Cathy Lambert, and Phillip Matson. "Reproduction of the numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus): observations from a captive breeding program." Australian Mammalogy 31, no. 1 (2009): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am08111.
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Captive breeding and reintroduction programs are making a significant contribution to the survival of several endangered species. We demonstrated that the numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus) can be maintained within a captive breeding program at Perth Zoo, Australia, for the purposes of release. We found that females have one litter per year but can be mated two or three times in the breeding season if they fail to conceive or lose their young. The mean (±s.e.m.) interval between mating in polyoestrous females is 25.2 ± 1.6 days. Males show spermatorrhoea with development of secondary sexual characteristics in the breeding season between November and late February.
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Manubens, Joan, Oriol Comas, Núria Valls, and Lluís Benejam. "First Captive Breeding Program for the Endangered Pyrenean Sculpin (Cottus hispaniolensis Bacescu-Master, 1964)." Water 12, no. 11 (October 24, 2020): 2986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12112986.
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The strong decline of freshwater fish species in Europe implies that further ex-situ conservation plans should be implemented in the near future. The present study reflects our experience with the Pyrenean sculpin (Cottus hispaniolensis Bacescu-Mester, 1964)—a small cottid endemic to the Hispano-French Garona River basin. In recent years, the Spanish Pyrenean sculpin population has reached a limit situation. Because of that, the non-profit association ADEFFA—with support from the public administration—started the first captive breeding program for this species in 2006. Fourteen years later, this study presents the results and evaluates the different steps of the program, with the aim of discussing and improving the ex-situ conservation plans for this and other cold freshwater species. There is a description and a comparison between six consecutive phases during the captive breeding process: nesting behaviour, courtship, egg fixation, parental care (incubation), hatching and survival during juvenile development. The purposes of this project are to: (1) identify the most determining phases for a successful captive breeding; (2) identify the factors that had a major influence to the success of the critical phases; and (3) increase the number of the offspring. This study is based on thirty-three wild individuals collected from Garona River (Val d’Aran, Spanish Pyrenees). During the program, twelve couples spawned in captive conditions, with around 2300 eggs laid. Eight couples bred successfully, with 751 hatched individuals and 608 juveniles reared. The analysis of each step of the captive breeding does not reveal significant differences between phases, so it can be concluded that they are all critical at the same level. In the literature, similar study-cases of captive breeding programs identify incubation and survival phases as the most critical. Consequently, the management made for this project has probably allowed to overcome in part the main impediments described in other similar programs.
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Kalinowski, Steven T., Philip W. Hedrick, and Philip S. Miller. "Inbreeding Depression in the Speke's Gazelle Captive Breeding Program." Conservation Biology 14, no. 5 (October 18, 2000): 1375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98209.x.
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Ray, Jesse W., Richard B. King, Melvin R. Duvall, Jace W. Robinson, Collin P. Jaeger, Michael J. Dreslik, Bradley J. Swanson, and Diane Mulkerin. "Genetic Analysis and Captive Breeding Program Design for the Eastern Massasauga Sistrurus catenatus catenatus." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/032012-jfwm-026.
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Abstract The eastern massasauga Sistrurus catenatus catenatus is a declining species for which a captive breeding program was established in 2006. To effectively manage wild and captive populations, an understanding of genetic diversity within the species is necessary. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA sequences of 186 individuals: 109 wild snakes from 34 U.S. and Canadian counties and districts, all 52 breeding program members (23 of known and 29 of unknown origin), 18 other captives of unknown origin, and 7 outgroup representatives of desert massasauga S. c. edwardsii, and western massasauga, S. c. tergeminus. Statistical parsimony, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony analyses all identified eastern massasaugas as divergent from western and desert massasaugas. We found 18 different haplotypes among eastern massasaugas, comprising three geographically and genetically differentiated NADH dehydrogenase II (ND2) subunits that potentially reflect post-Pleistocene range expansion from unglaciated into formerly glaciated regions. Snakes of unknown origin could all be assigned unambiguously to these ND2 subunits. To maintain natural genetic variation, preserve diversity in captive lineages, and allow future augmentation or reintroduction, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums is managing these three geographic ND2 subunits separately within the Eastern Massasauga Species Survival Plan breeding program.
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Ramos-Güivas, Brian, Jodie M. Jawor, and Timothy F. Wright. "Seasonal Variation in Fecal Glucocorticoid Levels and Their Relationship to Reproductive Success in Captive Populations of an Endangered Parrot." Diversity 13, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13120617.
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Many species are threatened with extinction, and captive breeding programs are becoming more common to avoid this outcome. These programs serve to prevent extinction and produce individuals for eventual reintroduction to natural populations in historical habitat. Captive animals experience different energetic demands than those in the wild, however, and as a result may have different levels of glucocorticoid hormones. Glucocorticoids help with responses to energetically expensive and potentially stressful situations. Elevated glucocorticoid levels can also potentially alter reproduction and other key behaviors, thus complicating successful captive breeding. The Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata) is a critically endangered parrot that currently exists in only two wild and two captive populations. Its recovery program provides a good platform to better understand how glucocorticoid levels may relate to reproductive success under captive conditions. We validated a corticosterone assay in this species and used non-invasive techniques of measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites of males and females from two captive populations (Rio Abajo and El Yunque) of Puerto Rican parrots over two consecutive breeding seasons, 2017 and 2018, and the pre-breeding season of 2018, which occurred just after Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico. Our results show that levels of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites of males measured during the breeding season of 2018 negatively correlated to the number of total eggs and fertile eggs laid by pairs. In contrast, there was a positive relationship of female fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels during the pre-breeding season of 2018 with total eggs laid. In males from the Rio Abajo population, we found seasonal differences in fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels, with higher levels during the pre-breeding season of 2018 compared to both 2017 and 2018 breeding seasons. There was no difference in the mean value of male fecal glucocorticoid metabolites between the 2017 breeding season and 2018 breeding season which started four months after Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico. We did find sex differences during the pre-breeding season of 2018 in birds from the Rio Abajo population. Adjustments in the care routine of both populations that could reduce circulating baseline glucocorticoids and avoid frequent, sudden elevations of glucocorticoids should be considered. These results provide a baseline for future comparison with reintroduced populations of this endangered species and other species with captive breeding programs.
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Bradley, MP, C. Lambert, V. Power, H. Mills, G. Gaikhorst, and C. Lawrence. "Reproduction and Captive Breeding as a Tool for Mammal Conservation: The Role of Modem Zoos." Australian Mammalogy 21, no. 1 (1999): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am99047.
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There is a growing awareness in the scientific research community of the role that zoological institutions can play in the conservation of threatened or endangered species. Zoos themselves have changed and become more focussed on the contributions they can make to regional conservation objectives, driven in part by the "World Zoo Conservation Strategy" published in 1993. Perth Zoo has committed itself to this strategy and established a collaborative scientific research program with Conservation and Land Management (CALM), WA, to develop captive breeding techniques for a number of Western Australian native species. To achieve this objective, the zoo has established a sub-program known as the Native Species Breeding Program. This consists of 6 specialist keepers who are charged with developing specialised skills in captive husbandry of selected species, and the implementation of research projects. All of the species under study are part of recovery plans, and many of the species are being produced for release under the objectives of those plans and as part of CALM's "Western Shield Project". Mammal species under study are the Numbat, Chuditch, Dibbler, Djoongari (Shark Bay Mouse) and the Wopilkara (Greater Stick Nest Rat). Currently, Chuditch, Numbats and Djoongari bred in captivity have been the subject of re-introduction programs. The results of these breeding programs and the subsequent releases of selected species into different habitats in Western Australia will be presented, along with a discussion of the issues which relate to the limitations of captive breeding as a conservation tool.
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Fisch, Kathleen M., Jamie A. Ivy, Ronald S. Burton, and Bernie May. "Evaluating the Performance of Captive Breeding Techniques for Conservation Hatcheries: A Case Study of the Delta Smelt Captive Breeding Program." Journal of Heredity 104, no. 1 (November 1, 2012): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/ess084.
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Hogg, Carolyn J. "Preserving Australian native fauna: zoo-based breeding programs as part of a more unified strategic approach." Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 1 (2013): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo13014.
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High extinction rates and loss of biodiversity is a critical conservation matter. Twenty-two Australian mammal species have become extinct in the last 200 years. Of the 95 mammal species under the EPBC Act, 51 have recovery plans and 15 of these have captive components. Zoo-based programs as part of a recovery plan can ‘buy’ time for critically endangered species. In Australia, programs are established as a result of government recovery plans, though more consultation with the zoo industry in initial development phase is needed. Often by the time the decision is taken to remove individuals from the wild for captive breeding, the source populations are fragmented and small. As zoo-based programs become more successful, issues with space limitations arise. This may be rectified with regular release of individuals or avoidance of maintaining post-reproductive and/or non-reproductive animals long-term. Those involved in recovery efforts should make few assumptions on the captive productivity of species, unless the species has been held before. Success of the captive component of a recovery program can be measured by the number of animals bred for release and the level of genetic diversity retained by the program. Although recovery teams are responsible for strategy development, good communication between parties from an early stage is essential. Where a captive component is needed, a more unified strategy, developed early, should provide our native fauna with a realistic chance of recovery. Zoo-based breeding programs are useful in assisting with the preservation of some Australian fauna, whilst for others they will have limited relevance.
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Valbuena-Ureña, Emilio, Anna Soler-Membrives, Sebastian Steinfartz, Mònica Alonso, Francesc Carbonell, Raquel Larios-Martín, Elena Obon, and Salvador Carranza. "Getting off to a good start? Genetic evaluation of the ex situ conservation project of the Critically Endangered Montseny brook newt (Calotriton arnoldi)." PeerJ 5 (June 13, 2017): e3447. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3447.
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Ex situ management strategies play an important role in the conservation of threatened species when the wild survival of the species cannot be ensured. Molecular markers have become an outstanding tool for the evaluation and management of captive breeding programs. Two main genetic objectives should be prioritized when planning breeding programs: the maintenance of maximum neutral genetic diversity, and to obtain “self-sustaining” captive populations. In this study, we use 24 microsatellite loci to analyze and evaluate the genetic representativity of the initial phases of the captive breeding program of the Montseny brook newt, Calotriton arnoldi, an Iberian endemic listed as Critically Endangered. The results show that the initial captive stock has 74–78% of the alleles present in the wild populations, and captures roughly 93–95% of their total genetic diversity as observed in a previous study on wild newts, although it does not reach the desired 97.5%. Moreover, the percentage of unrelatedness among individuals does not exceed 95%. Therefore, we conclude that the genetic diversity of the captive stock should be improved by incorporating genetic material from unrelated wild newts. In recognition of the previously described significant genetic and morphological differentiation between eastern and western wild populations of C. arnoldi, we suggest maintaining two distinct breeding lines, and we do not recommend outbreeding between these lines. Our comparisons of genetic diversity estimates between real and distinct sample-sized simulated populations corroborated that a minimum of 20 individuals are needed for each captive population, in order to match the level of genetic diversity present in the wild populations. Thus, the current initial stock should be reinforced by adding wild specimens. The captive stock and subsequent cohorts should be monitored in order to preserve genetic variation. In order to avoid genetic adaptation to captivity, occasionally incorporating previously genotyped individuals from the wild into the captive populations is recommended.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Captive breeding program"
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MacKinnon, Katherine Margaret. "Pairing clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa) in a captive breeding program." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2008/k_mackinnon_042508.pdf.
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Davis, Eloiza Marie. "Changes in genetic architecture in a 'captive breeding program" of Drosophila melanogaster." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Donaldson, Chad. "Analyzing Factors Influencing Reproductive Success of the Mountain Chicken : Nordens Ark Captive Breeding Program." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16623.
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Amphibians globally are declining with roughly a third facing extinction due primarily to threats linked to human impacts. One way in which this is being combated is by captive breeding programs. Nordens Ark in Sweden, in collaboration with other organizations, is attempting to breed one of the most threatened frogs for future reintroduction to the wild. The mountain chicken (Leptodactylus fallax) has unique characteristics related to its reproduction which make it challenging to breed successful offspring. Using Nordens Ark’s data on environmental conditions within breeding enclosures, this study attempts to determine which extrinsic factors are having the most influence on reproduction, in order to increase the success of the captive breeding program. Multiple linear regression analysis and model simplification using Stepwise regression and Akaike information criterion (AIC) were performed in order to determine which explanatory variables had the most influence in relation to foam nests. A reduced model with significant values for explanatory variables was deemed the best model based on the dataset. Of the 14 environmental variables tested, minimum temperature after nest construction had the most influence on foam nest length. When compared to wild habitats, temperatures within enclosures may be too high or lack seasonal cyclical patterns. Barometric pressure and humidity also had influence on foam nests, but the relationships between these environmental conditions is difficult to parse. Food supplements were also a significant factor and suggest that lack of vitamins or nutrients can have a negative effect on reproductive success. Ensuring the optimal conditions can be difficult for captive breeding programs, especially as amphibians are under-represented and face biases in conservation and research.
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McCurry, Elizabeth Mae. "Studying the effects of a 'captive breeding program' on additive genetic variance using Drosophila melanogaster relocation to a novel environment /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Fraser, Sarah Jane. "Assessing a Loggerhead shrike captive-release program using reproductive success and telemetry." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101123.
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The eastern race of the Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus ssp. migrans) is a grassland bird federally listed as endangered. There are approximately 30 pairs remaining in the Canadian wild today. Captive breeding and release programs have been developed in Canada to help alleviate the decline. However, little is known about the fate of the released birds and the factors influencing their reproductive success. To help in the understanding of the movement, behaviour and survival of the shrikes post-release, we tested whether radio telemetry was an effective technique to follow these birds. Despite limited behavioural effects in captivity, a tail-mount was not suitable for released Loggerhead shrikes due to unreliable retention times. The second portion of this study addressed the factors influencing reproductive success in captivity, including breeding behaviour and individual characteristics. Distance between individual pairs in their cages, female nesting activity and male origin were the best predictors of success. Recommendations for managers are made.
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Martin, Meghan S. "The Role of Mate Preference and Personality on Reproductive Performance in an Ex-Situ Conservation Breeding Program for the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2096.
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Successful captive-breeding and re-introduction programs must have the ability to breed a surplus of genetically suitable animals for release into the wild. Unfortunately, many individuals in captive breeding programs often do not reproduce even when they are apparently healthy and presented with genetically appropriate mates. Mate choice can affect multiple parameters of reproductive sperformance, including mating success, offspring production, survival, and fecundity. We investigated the role of mate preference and personality on the reproductive performance of male and female giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) as measured by intromission success and litter production. We conducted these studies on giant pandas at the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (Bifengxia, Sichuan, China.) from February-May 2011, 2012, and 2013.
In Chapter 2, we compared reproductive performance between individuals mated with preferred and nonpreferred males of the focal female (female preference), the focal male (male preference), and mutual mate choice perspective. There were four types of reproductive pairings in our mutual mate choice analyses: females and males that preferred each other (P-P), females that preferred the male but the male did not prefer the female (P-NP), females that did not prefer the male but the male preferred the female (NP-P), and females and males that did not prefer each other (NP-NP). Pairing giant pandas with a preferred partner increased the probability of intromission success and producing a cub. Of the 25 females mated to a preferred partner, 72% had successful intromission, 64% produced cubs, and 52% reared their own cubs versus 31%, 12%, 12% for females mated to their nonpreferred partner (N = 16). Male giant panda mate preference showed similar results. Of the 24 males that were mated with their preferred females, 75% had successful intromission, 77.8% produced cubs, and 92.9% produced cubs that were maternally reared versus 31%, 60%, 66.7% for males mated with their nonpreferred females (N = 16). There was a statistically significant difference in intromission success and cub production for P-P pairings versus NP-NP pairings. Of the twelve P-P mate dyads 83% had successful intromission, 90% produced cubs, and 88.9% had mothers rear their cubs. Of the four P-NP mate dyads 50% had successful intromission, 50% produced cubs, and 100% had the mother rear their cub. Of the seven NP-P mate dyads 57% had successful intromission, 50% produced cubs, and 100% had the mothers rear their cubs. Of the three NP-NP mate dyads 0% had successful intromission resulting in 0% producing cubs and having mother-rear cubs. In addition, we took into account various life and breeding history factors that may have affected reproductive performance such as birth location, rearing, previous sexual history with the opposite sex and familiarity status directly prior to breeding. Mate pairings that were familiar with each other as measured by successfully producing a cub in the past, had increased intromission success. Females mated to heavier males had more intromissions and produced more cubs than females mated to smaller males.
In Chapter 3 and 4, we investigated the effect of personality on reproductive performance measurements. Recently, personality of individual animals has been implicated in the failure or success of captive management and breeding of threatened and endangered species. Measurements of personality included novel object tests (where behaviors of individual giant pandas were scored toward a novel object for one hour) and keeper surveys (where the primary keeper rated giant pandas on 23 adjectives describing personality); both measures significantly correlated with variation in long-term and specific mating dyad reproductive performance.
In Chapter 3 we evaluated the effect of personality on long-term reproductive performance. Our results show that for both male and female giant pandas, `fearful' individuals had lower natural mating success and cub production. In addition, `aggressive' female giant pandas had increased natural mating success but decreased cub production. Males did not show these relationships between `aggressive' personality types and reproductive performance. Female giant pandas that were labeled as `aggressive' had higher frequencies of positive mating behaviors but `fearful of conspecifics' females had lower frequencies. Males labeled `fearful of conspecifics' and with high `playful-clever' component scores had a lower frequency of positive mating behaviors.
In Chapter 4 we further investigated the effects of personality within a specific mating dyad. Recent studies suggest that mate compatibility within personality types can improve reproductive performance measurements such as mating success, offspring survivorship, and offspring quality. We investigated the effect of personality compatibility on reproductive performance through analyzing mate dyad similarity in personality (similar versus dissimilar), specific personality combinations, and relative personality scores (male scores higher or lower than female scores). The specific personality combinations were: females and males that were both low on the personality component (L_L), females were low but males were high (L_H), females were high but males were low (H_L), and females and males were both high (H_H). Our results suggest that giant pandas appear to be assortatively mating based on aggressive, fearful, and stereotypical-excitable personality traits. Mate dyads that were dissimilar on the stereotypical-excitable component score were more likely to have successful intromission than pairs that were similar. L_H mate dyads on the aggressive and stereotypical-excitable personality traits had increased intromission success and cub production than all other possible personality combinations. L_L on fearfulness had higher intromission success but not higher cub production than all other possible personality combinations. Mate dyads composed of males ranked high on the aggressive component relative to the female resulted in higher reproductive performance and cub production.
In captive breeding programs, mates are traditionally selected solely on the basis of genetic parameters to minimize loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding coefficients. Our results suggest that integrating genetic with behavioral measures of preference, breeding history factors, and personality would increase the reproductive output of the giant panda captive-breeding program. We stress the importance of considering husbandry practices to accommodate personality traits and ultimately increase reproductive performance in the captive population while simultaneously maintaining both genetic and behavioral diversity.
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Stanbury, Katherine. "Supplementing the studbook : using genetic analysis to complement a captive breeding programme of an endangered primate, Hylobates moloch." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/15654/.
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Genetic analysis of animals involved in captive breeding and reintroduction programmes can provide valuable information to aid in maintaining wild type genotypes and genetic variability. Hylobates moloch, also referred to as the silvery gibbon, is an Endangered primate species endemic to the Indonesian island of Java. As part of an overall conservation programme, a captive breeding and reintroduction programme is being organised. In order to aid both the management decisions within the breeding programme and success rates of re-introductions analyses at three genetic regions were carried out, with DNA extracted from non-invasively collated faecal samples. In order to assay if captively bred individuals were representative of their wild conspecifics, the population was split into two groups representative of wild born and captive born individuals. Genetic analyses at mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region-I (mtDNA HV-I), 15 microsatellite loci and the second exon of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) DRB region, were carried out to ascertain genetic variability levels, levels of inbreeding, signs of selection and confirm the pedigree. Captive born individuals had markedly lower levels of variability at mtDNA HV-I, which was significant versus the wild group. The second neutral marker of microsatellites revealed no differentiation between wild and captive-born; moreover measures of standardised heterozygosity demonstrateda fairly high level of genomic variability overall. Pedigree analysis using the microsatellites produced information that differed from studbook entries. This was further supported by haplotypic data compiled from the MHC DRB exon 2 analysis. The MHC study revealed a total of 14 DRB alleles, 10 of which are from unknown lineages when compared to human and chimpanzees. As with microsatellites, no group differentiation between wild and captive has occurred but there are more rare alleles present within wild individuals. In conclusion, whilst genetic variation is both high and shows no deviation from wild-born to captive-born at neutral microsatellite loci, care should be taken to maintain rare mtDNA haplotypes and MHC DRB alleles in future generations.
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Davis, Melanie Jeanne. "A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Recent Vertebrate Reintroduction Programs in the United States." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1240243937.
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"GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE CAPTIVE BREEDING PROGRAM FOR THE CRITICALLY ENDANGERED PAINTED TERRAPIN, BATAGUR BORNEOENSIS." Texas Christian University, 2010. http://etd.tcu.edu/etdfiles/available/etd-04262010-104913/.
Full textBooks on the topic "Captive breeding program"
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Silla, Aimee, Andy Kouba, and Harold Heatwole, eds. Reproductive Technologies and Biobanking for the Conservation of Amphibians. CSIRO Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486313341.
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How to decelerate loss of global biodiversity is one of the greatest challenges of our generation. Reproductive technologies have enormous potential to assist the recovery of species by enhancing reproductive output, facilitating genetic management, and supporting reintroduction of threatened species. Of particular value are cryopreservation technologies coupled with the establishment of global gene banks to conserve, in perpetuity, the remaining extant genetic diversity of threatened amphibians.
Reproductive Technologies and Biobanking for the Conservation of Amphibians brings together leading experts in the field to provide a comprehensive overview of current best practices, summarise technological advancements, and present a framework for facilitating the integration of reproductive technologies and biobanking into conservation breeding programs for threatened amphibians. It is an invaluable reference for the next generation of conservation practitioners: captive breeding facilities, researchers, and policy-makers involved with biodiversity conservation.
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Frith, Clifford. Woodhen. CSIRO Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643108714.
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This book tells the fascinating success story of saving the flightless Woodhen of Lord Howe Island. This unique large rail, an iconic and highly endangered Australian bird, was at the very brink of extinction with just 15 individuals found in 1980, when bold and risky actions were taken to save it.
The book begins with the discovery and ecology of Lord Howe Island. It then details the history of the Woodhen, its place among the rails and their evolution of flightlessness, the planning, implementation and trials, tribulations and successes of the captive breeding programme and the way in which the wild population recovered. The ecology, behaviour and breeding biology of this unique flightless island rail are also discussed. The text is accompanied by numerous photographs and drawings.
This is a story of survival, yet the bird remains highly endangered as it is under constant potential threat, which could tip it over the brink and to extinction. The Woodhen provides gripping insights into the potential for both losing and saving vertebrate species.
Winner of a 2014 Whitley Awards Certificate of Commendation for Historical Zoology.
Book chapters on the topic "Captive breeding program"
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Ballou, Jonathan D. "Genetic and Demographic Considerations in Endangered Species Captive Breeding and Reintroduction Programs." In Wildlife 2001: Populations, 262–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2868-1_22.
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van Balen, B., and V. H. Gepak. "The captive breeding and conservation programme of the Bali starling (Leucopsar rothschildi)." In Creative Conservation, 420–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0721-1_24.
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"Propagated Fish in Resource Management." In Propagated Fish in Resource Management, edited by ANNE P. HENDERSON, ADRIAN P. SPIDLE, and TIM L. KING. American Fisheries Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569698.ch51.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Captive Atlantic sturgeon <em>Acipenser oxyrinchus </em>considered for use as broodstock in a restoration program were genotyped using nuclear DNA microsatellites and compared to wild collections from the Hudson River, New York (source of parents of the captive sturgeon) and from Albemarle Sound, North Carolina. Because the potential broodfish were the progeny of a small number of parents, maintaining genetic diversity and minimizing inbreeding is essential to a successful breeding and supplementation program. The microsatellite loci used in this analysis generated unique multilocus genotypes for each of 136 Atlantic sturgeon. Analyses indicated significant genetic separation between the New York and North Carolina collections and correctly identified the potential broodstock as a subset of the Hudson River population. Pairwise genetic distance (–ln proportion of shared alleles) between half and full siblings in the potential broodfish was as great as 1.386, a value exceeded by only 36% of the sampled broodfish pairs available for mating. Because the current broodstock population does not seem to have deviated far from their ancestral population in the Hudson River, progeny from that broodstock, or the parents themselves, would seem to be genetically suitable for release back into the Hudson River.
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Thancharoen, Anchana. "Firefly Translocation: A Case Study of Genetic and Behavioral Evaluation in Thailand." In Bioluminescence [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97455.
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Conservation translocation is frequently used to conserve the threatened fauna by releasing individuals from the wild or captive populations into a particular area. This approach, however, is not successful in many cases because the translocated populations could not self-sustain in the new habitats. In this chapter, I reviewed the concept of translocation for conservation and the factors associated with the success rate. I used example problems from several cases involving different insect taxa. With its often high potential to mass rear in captivity, captive breeding can be a powerful tool by assuring large population size for insect translocation, which can result in a high success rate. However, genetic consequences from inbreeding and genetic adaptation to captivity can reduce the fitness of the captive population to establish successfully in the wild. Additionally, as the evidence in Japanese fireflies shows, the genetic differences between the translocated and local populations should be considered for a sustainable translocation program. A case study involved genetic and behavioral evaluation of S. aquatilis populations to assess the possibility of including the species for the firefly translocation program in Thailand. Although the results revealed no genetic variation among populations, examination of the variation in flash signals showed that the long-distance population had a longer courtship flash pulse than other populations in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. With no geographical barrier, the light pollution and urbanization are probably important fragmented barriers causing adaptation of flash communication to increase the fitness. As a consequence, firefly translocation should consider flash variation between populations to prevent this potential pre-mating isolation mechanism from resulting in probable lower translocation success rates.
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Allendorf, Fred W., W. Chris Funk, Sally N. Aitken, Margaret Byrne, and Gordon Luikart. "Conservation Breeding and Restoration." In Conservation and the Genomics of Populations, 487–511. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856566.003.0021.
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Captive breeding represents the last chance of survival for many species faced with imminent extinction in the wild. Captive breeding should be used sparingly because it is sometimes ineffective, and it can harm wild populations both indirectly and directly if not done correctly. There are a variety of crucial genetic issues to be considered in the founding of captive populations: How many individuals? Which source population(s)? A primary genetic goal of captive breeding programs is to minimize genetic change in captivity due to genetic drift and selection because genetic changes in captive populations can reduce the ability of captive individuals to reproduce and survive when returned to the wild. A variety of potentially valuable technologies (e.g., cloning, CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated system), gene drives, etc.) are now available that have the potential to be valuable tools in conservation.
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"Burbot: Ecology, Management, and Culture." In Burbot: Ecology, Management, and Culture, edited by Inne Vught, Alireza Shiri Harzevilli, Johan Auwerx, and Daniel De Charleroy. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569988.ch10.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—The freshwater gadoid, burbot <em>Lota lota</em>, was the subject of a captive breeding program to produce larvae for reintroduction into natural waters of Flanders, Belgium. Burbot broodfish were collected in 2002 from a river in France and maintained in earthen ponds at the Fish Research Center of the Research Institute for Nature and Forest in Linkebeek, Belgium. Each winter, they underwent gonadal maturation. In October, the mature fish were transferred to stocking ponds and fed with live fish. From the middle of December, they were exposed in indoor tanks to a continuous coldwater temperature of 4°C and a simulated natural light regime. This way, natural spawning could be induced without hormonal treatment. Between 582,766 and 984,963 eggs/kg bodyweight were collected from individual fish. Eggs averaged 1.00 mm in diameter. After fertilization, hatching started around day 32–33 when incubated at about 4°C (i.e., between 128 and 132 degree-days). Seventeen days later, at about 4°C, the larvae filled their swim bladder. A few days later (on day 21–24 posthatching when kept on 4°C), the larvae started exogenous feeding. The freshwater rotifer <em>Brachionus calyciflorus</em> proved to be an adequate starter food for growing burbot larvae but had to be replaced by larger food organisms like <em>Artemia </em>after 7–8 d. Burbot larvae were grown to one-summer-old juveniles (average survival 4%, average length 10 cm) in rearing ponds. The survival rate of the juvenile burbot in the ponds after 9 months was higher when the larvae were prefed with rotifers and <em>Artemia</em> prior to stocking in the ponds (survival up to 28% when fed for 18 d prior to the stocking).
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"11. Captive Breeding Programs as an Alternative for Wildlife Conservation in Brazil." In People in Nature, 171–90. Columbia University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/silv12782-011.
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Marker, Laurie, Kate Vannelli, Markus Gusset, Lars Versteege, Karen Z. Meeks, Nadja Wielebnowski, Jan Louwman, Hanneke Louwman, and Laurie Bingaman Lackey. "History of Cheetahs in Zoos and Demographic Trends Through Managed Captive Breeding Programs." In Cheetahs: Biology and Conservation, 309–21. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-804088-1.00022-8.
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ANBARASI, BOOPAL, and MAHARAJ KRISHAN PANDIT. "CAPTIVE BREEDING AS A TOOL FOR CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED SPECIES: THE LION-TAILED MACAQUE (MACACA SILENUS) — A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY OF CAPTIVE BREEDING PROGRAMS WORLDWIDE." In Sustainability Matters, 189–206. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814322911_0008.
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"Fishery Resources, Environment, and Conservation in the Mississippi and Yangtze (Changjiang) River Basins." In Fishery Resources, Environment, and Conservation in the Mississippi and Yangtze (Changjiang) River Basins, edited by Ding Wang, Kexiong Wang, Yujiang Hao, and Jinsong Zheng. American Fisheries Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874448.ch7.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Two species of cetaceans are endemic to the Yangtze River, the baiji or Yangtze River dolphin <em>Lipotes vexillifer </em>and the Yangtze finless porpoise <em>Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis</em>. Over the past several decades, both species have suffered dramatic declines in abundance and concomitant reductions in the extent of their geographic ranges. In 2006, the baiji was presumed to be extinct when an extensive survey of the Yangtze River failed to find any evidence of its continued existence. Data from that same survey further indicated that the population size of the Yangtze finless porpoises had decreased from 2,700 in 1991 to approximately 1,800 individuals by 2006. Results of a more recent population survey of the Yangtze River conducted in 2012 revealed that this rapid decline has continued, with only approximately 1,000 Yangtze finless porpoises remaining across their former range. The population viability of both species is threatened primarily by overfishing and illegal fishing of their prey, heavy boating traffic, sand dredging, construction projects in or near the water, and pollution throughout the Yangtze River ecosystem. In an attempt to protect these species, several conservation strategies, including in situ conservation (i.e., on-site conservation), ex situ conservation (i.e., off-site conservation), and captive breeding programs have been implemented. In this review, we examine the effectiveness of these conservation strategies over the past three decades and synthesize these findings to make recommendations for the future protection of the Yangtze finless porpoise.
Conference papers on the topic "Captive breeding program"
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Nelson, Allison. "CANIS RUFUS HAS CHANGED SIGNIFICANTLY SINCE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CAPTIVE BREEDING PROGRAM, AND BOTH MORPHOTYPES ARE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM CANIS LUPUS." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-376936.
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