Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Capteurs mobiles'
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Wang, Xiao. "Détection de personnes multi-capteurs pour un robot mobile domestique." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066548.
Full textBekhti, Mustapha. "Réseaux de capteurs : application à la poursuite des cibles mobiles." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD092.
Full textFor decades Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in modern warfare for surveillance, reconnaissance, sensing, battle damage assessment and attacking. The benefits of UAVs include reduced cost and no warfighter risk. In fact UAVs use is increased by time,especially under the concept of the network centric operation environment and under the concept of revolution in military affairs. On the other hand, the UAVs technology which originates from military applications, arouse the interest of the civilian, and yet, the domestic use began with limited aerial patrols of the nation’s borders, disaster and law enforcement situation. Recently, these products have also been destined to the commercial market and have gained much attention. Although UAVs use is expanding, their level of automation, cooperation and integration in civil application is far from being efficient and the design principles of such cooperation, coordination and self-organization under an Ad-hoc networkof a multi-UAV still need intensive studies and remain an open research problem. In this thesis, the investigated tracks were drawn both from the literature review and from the news topics. Thus, they covered two main classes of contributions, first, path planning and tracking of drones with package delivery and data gathering missions, and second, intrusion detection in a sensitive area through the use of networked drones.The results show that the integration of the drone segment to the terrestrial wireless network presents a relevant added value and opens new perspectives to the use of this technology in the civilian realm
Delahoche, Laurent. "Cooperation multi-capteurs appliquee a la localisation des robots mobiles." Amiens, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AMIE0113.
Full textDe, Rainville François-Michel. "Placement interactif de capteurs mobiles dans des environnements tridimensionnels non convexes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25896.
Full textThis Thesis proposes a novel mobile sensor placement system working in initially unknown three dimensional environment. The mobile sensors are fix sensors placed on autonomous robots, which are ground and aerial vehicles equipped with computing units. The sensor placement is based on a user-defined view, named the virtual view. This view is manipulated through a virtual sensor intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, such as its position, orientation, field of view, resolution, etc. The virtual sensor is not subject to any physical constraint, for example it can be place where no sensor could be or it possess an arbitrary large field of view and resolution. The mobile (real) sensors have to acquire the entire information contained in this virtual view. It is only by combining the sensory capacity of an unknown number of sensors that they can acquire the necessary information. First, this Thesis addresses the sensor placement problem by defining a visibility function to qualify a group of sensor configurations in the environment. This function is applicable to three dimensional environments and is based on direct line of sight principle, where we compute the sensor sampling density in its visibility region. Then, this Thesis proposes the use of an incrementally built model of the environment containing all the information needed by the objective function. Next, a cooperative optimization algorithm is put forward to simultaneously find the number of sensors and their respective position required to capture all the information in the virtual view. Finally, the proposed system is experimentally shown to use less sensor to acquire the scene of interest at a higher resolution than state of the art methods in initially known two dimensional environments. It is also shown in simulation and practice that the performance of the system can be transposed to initially unknown non-convex three dimensional environments.
Corrêa, Victorino Alessandro. "La commande référencée capteur : une approche robuste au problème de navigation, localisation et cartographie simultanées pour un robot d'intérieur." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5748.
Full textCislo, Nathalie. "Systeme de telepresence : determination d'une strategie de controle-commande-communication a partir d'une analyse des equivalences morphologiques." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066114.
Full textClérentin, Arnaud. "Localisation d'un robot mobile par coopération multi-capteurs et suivi multi-cibles." Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0023.
Full textMourad-Chehade, Farah. "Auto-localisation et suivi de cibles dans les réseaux de capteurs mobiles." Troyes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TROY0024.
Full textThis thesis addresses the problems of localization and target tracking in mobile sensor net-works. The resolution of these problems is per-formed in the interval framework, where un-certainties are represented by intervals. We first deal with the localization problem in perfect environments. We thus propose methods using connectivity measurements, with respect to anchors or non-anchor nodes. Two extended techniques are presented as well, using back-propagation or farther anchors. Other model-free approaches are then proposed. These techniques are more robust than connectivity-based ones since they perform a comparison of received signal strengths to define the observations. We then handle the localization problem in imperfect environments. We thus assume that the reliability of measurements is known. In the proposed method, the problem solution uses both the interval and the belief theories. We consider afterwards the target tracking problem in controlled mobility sensor networks. We thus present a mobility management strategy, aiming at optimizing the estimation of the position of the target. The proposed strategy relocates the sensors using a triangulation technique, followed by an ant colony optimization method
Ait, Oufroukh Naïma. "Perception intelligente à partir de capteurs frustes pour la robotique de service." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EVRY0016.
Full textMellah, Samia. "Diagnostic de défauts des robots mobiles à roues, et gestion du retard généré par les obstacles mobiles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0561.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is a part of the European project PRODUCTIVE4.0 in partnership with STMicroelectronics of Rousset, France. In order to optimize the production, STMicroelectronics integrates two types of wheeled mobile robots (unicycle mobile robots and omnidrectional mobile robots with 4 Mecanum wheels) in the fab (semiconductor manufacturing facility) to transport products between the various equipments in the production chain. In this thesis, we distinguish two major issues that can prevent the robots from well performing their task : the apparition of faults at the actuators or the sensors level, and the delay that can be generated by moving and unpredictable obstacles while navigating. Firstly, we are interested in unicycle robots. We propose a Kalman observer-based approach to diagnose the actuators and sensors faults. Then, an approach based on the faults estimation and compensation allows to accommodate these faults. Secondly, we focus on omnidirectional robots and we propose methods based on observers (Kalman and unknown inputs) in order to diagnose the actuators and sensors faults. After that, the impact of the actuators faults on the robots behavior is studied. Finally, we deal with the problem linked to the obstacles generated delay by proposing a methodology based on the reference trajectories reconfi guration in order to compensate this delay
Ayari, Iskander. "Fusion multi-capteurs dans un cadre multi-agents : application à un robot mobile." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10001.
Full textLersteau, Charly. "Optimisation de réseaux de capteurs sans fil pour le suivi de cibles mobiles." Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS412/document.
Full textWireless sensor networks have received a particular attention during the last years, involving many applications, such as vehicle tracking or battlefield monitoring. A set of sensors is randomly dispatched in a region in order to monitor moving targets. Each sensor has a limited battery lifetime and two states: active or inactive. An active sensor is able to monitor targets inside its sensing radius, which consumes energy. In this thesis, the studied problems consist in deciding an optimal schedule of sensing activities, in order to cover all the targets at any instant of the mission. First, we study a robust scheduling problem. A target such that the spatial trajectory is exactly known is subject to temporal uncertainties. This context is met for a plane flying in an airline route, a train running on a railway, or any vehicle following a predetermined path. The objective is to compute a schedule of activities able to resist to the largest uncertainties This first problem is solved using an exact pseudo-polynomial algorithm, relying on a dichotomy. Second, we study a problem aiming at preserving enough sensor network capacity in order to perform further missions. For this problem, the targets are subject to spatial uncertainties, i.e. their actual position may be at a distance delta of their expected position. This second problem is solved using an exact algorithm based on column generation, accelerated by a metaheuristic. All the proposed methods have a common phase, called discretization, that leads to reformulate the original problems as activity scheduling problems. The monitored area is split into faces, that are defined as sets of points covered by the same set of sensors. Computing the stay duration of targets inside each face leads to split the mission duration into time windows, so the moving target tracking problem can be seen as a sequence of static target tracking problems. The proposed algorithms are tested on many instances, and the analysis of the results is provided. Numerous open perspectives of this work are also given
Ben, Said Hela. "Navigation autonome et commande référencée capteurs de robots d'assistance à la personne." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0016/document.
Full textThe autonomy of a mobile agent is defined by its ability to navigate in an environment without human intervention. This task is very required for personal assistance robots. That’s why our contribution has been particularly focused on instrumentation and increasing the autonomy of a wheelchair for reduced mobility peaple. The objective of this work is to design control laws that allow a robot to navigate in real time and independently in an unknown environment. A unified virtual perception framework is introduced and allows to project the navigable space obtained by possibly multiple observations. First we designed an autonomous and safe navigation approach in environment whose structure can be assimilated to a corridor (lines on the ground, walls, delimitation of grasses, roads ...). We have solved this problem by using the formalism of visual servoing. The visual characteristics used in the control law were constructed from the virtual representation (ie the position of the vanishing point and the orientation of the center line of the corridor). To ensure safe and smooth navigation, even when these parameters can not be extracted, we have designed a finite-time state observer to estimate the visual characteristics in order to maintain the robot’s control efficient. This approach let a mobile robot navigate in a corridor even in in the case of sensory failure (unreliable data) and/or loss of measurement. We have extended the first contribution of this work with dealing with any type of static or dynamic environment. This was done using the Voronoi diagram. The Generalized Voronoi Diagram (GVD), also named skeleton, is a powerful environment representation, since, among other reasons, it defines a set of paths at maximal distance from the obstacles. In this work, a real time skeleton based visual servoing approach is proposed for a safe autonomous navigation of mobile robots. The control is based on an approximation of the local GVD using the Delta Medial Axis, a fast and robust skeletonization algorithm. The latter produces a filtered skeleton of the free space surrounding the robot using a pruning parameter that takes into account the robot size. This approach can cope with measurement noises at the perception and control with the wheel slip. This is why we have designed a visual servoing approach on a prediction of a GVD linearization. A complete analysis was performed to show the stability of the proposed control laws. Simulations and experimental tests validate the proposed approach
Atassi, Adnan. "Planification de trajectoire robuste dans l'espace des informations capteur." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Atassi.Adnan.SMZ9902.pdf.
Full textThis paper introduces a new approach to robust path planning for mobile robots. This approach is entirely based on ultrasonic sensors information, and avoids the use of odometry, which leads to the accumulation of errors resulting from the calculation of the robot position. We have proceeded as follows : for each segment of obstacle detected by the mobile robot sensors, we create a free space region. A node graph is used to represent the regions with their links. With this graph as a basis, we use a planning algorithm which chooses the required path. The final stage consists in finding for the robot motion a robust control, as regards the environment model errors (uncertainties). This approach could contribute in practise to a control system for indoor robot motion, which offers increased accuracy to an economical ultrasound device
ATASSI, ADNAN Pruski Alain. "PLANIFICATION DE TRAJECTOIRE ROBUSTE DANS L'ESPACE DES INFORMATIONS CAPTEUR /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1999/Atassi.Adnan.SMZ9902.pdf.
Full textAkil, Kassem. "Fusion de capteurs ultrasonores : application à la reconstruction de l'environnement d'un robot mobile." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD833.
Full textFerrand, André. "Conception et mise en oeuvre d'un système de capteurs proprioceptifs destiné à la localisation relative des robots mobiles." Toulouse, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAT0005.
Full textCourcelle, Alain. "Localisation d'un robot mobile : application à l'aide à la mobilité des personnes handicapées moteurs." Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Courcelle.Alain.SMZ0004.pdf.
Full textCourcelle, Alain Pruski Alain. "Localisation d'un robot mobile Application à l'aide à la mobilité des personnes handicapées moteurs /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2000/Courcelle.Alain.SMZ0004.pdf.
Full textTran, Thanh phong. "Stratégies de commande pour déplacer une meute de capteurs dédiés à l'identification de sources chauffantes mobiles." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0015/document.
Full textMany complex physical systems are modeled using systems of partial differential equations including possibly coupling and non-linearity. In this context, the determination of control strategies (in infinite dimension) in order to achieve a desired state is not trivial. It is obvious that quasi on-line identification of characteristics of the physical system from information provided by relevant sensors is quite complex. This optimization problem is often formulated as an inverse problem, whose resolution raises many specific questions. To illustrate the problem of the moving of a set of mobile sensors to identify a term source in parabolic partial differential equations, an experimental device is proposed in this study. Both phenomena of convection and diffusion (possibly non-linear) are taken into account. The work described in this document is intended to develop a comprehensive methodology to achieve an optimal design of experiments for nonlinear ill-posed problems associated with the evaluation of unknown parameters in systems described by partial differential equations. The experimental prototype is intended to test the performance of strategies for optimal deployment of a mobile set of sensors to identify parameters of multiple heating sources in movement
Sghaier, Nouha. "Techniques de conservation de l'énergie dans les réseaux de capteurs mobiles : découverte de voisinage et routage." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1194/document.
Full textThe challenge of energy consumption in wireless sensor networks is a key issue that remains an open problem. This thesis relates to the problem of energy conservation in sensor networks and is divided into two parts. In the first part, we discuss the design of neighbor discovery protocols. We propose two techniques for modulating these protocols in order to optimize the energy consumption of sensor nodes. The first technique, PPM-BM aims to modulate the neighbor discovery protocol based on the battery level of the node. The second approach ECoND aims to set up the frequency of neighbor discovery based on estimated connectivity. This technique takes advantage of the temporal cycles of nodes' movement patterns. Connectivity is estimated based on encounters' history. A neighbor discovery is set up based on the estimated rate of connectivity. The achieved results demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques in optimizing the energy consumption of nodes while maintaining acceptable message delivery and overhead rates. In the second part of the thesis, we contribute to the optimization of the performance of sensor networks in terms of network lifetime. We review in this section some routing protocols for networks with intermittent connectivity and we propose EXLIOSE protocol which is based on residual energy to ensure energy-balancing, load sharing and network lifetime extending
Collin, Ivan. "Planification de tâches-robots pour robots mobiles en environnement structuré." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD778.
Full textCordewener, Laurent. "Contrôle d'exécution de missions de robots mobiles à partir de tâches robot." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD780.
Full textGouvy, Nicolas. "Routage géographique dans les réseaux de capteurs et d’actionneurs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10185/document.
Full textThis thesis is about wireless multi-hop networks such as sensor/actuator networks and actuator networks. Those networks are composed of independent entities which have limited computing and memory capabilities and are battery powered. They communicate through the radio medium and do not require any static infrastructure. In order to relay messages between actuators up to the base station, we use what is called "routing protocols". My works rely on CoMNet, the first geographic routing protocol which aims to adapt the network topology to the routed traffic in order to save energy. Nevertheless, CoMNet does not consider the consequences of those relocations more than in a one-hop way. We proposed MobileR (Mobile Recursivity), which anticipates the routing in a multi-hop manner through computations over its one-hop neighbors. Hence it can select the “best” next forwarding node according to its knowledge. Another important topic is that events are likely to be detected by multiple sensors and all of them transmit message toward the destination. But those messages are likely to cross over an intersection node. This crossing provokes useless oscillation for it and premature node death. The PAMAL (PAth Merging ALgorithm) routing algorithm detects those routing path crossing and provokes a path merging upstream and uses a packet aggregation downstream. Finally, the Greedy Routing Recovery (GRR) protocol takes controlled mobility into account in order to increase delivery rate on topology with holes or obstacles. GRR includes a dedicated relocation pattern which will make it circumvent routing holes and create a routing path
Preciado-Ruiz, Arturo. "Sur la modélisation, la localisation et le contrôle d'un robot mobile." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD383.
Full textBonzom, Pierre. "Etude, simulation et réalisation de capteurs d'inspiration animale." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20105.
Full textSonnerat, Florence. "Développement d'antennes innovantes pour les terminaux mobiles 4G tenant compte de l'interaction avec l'utilisateur : solutions circuits et antennes envisageables." Télécom Bretagne, 2013. http://www.telecom-bretagne.eu/publications/publication.php?idpublication=13919.
Full textThe interaction between a mobile phone antenna and its environment (for example the user hand and head) modifies the radiating elements impedance. The antenna then presents an impedance which is different from the power amplifier one. Besides, the 4G context introduces new constraints on the antenna to guarantee higher data rates on more frequency bands. In order to decrease the user interaction, while considering the 4G challenges, two area of research have been studied in this work. The first solution that we have evaluated consists in inserting a tuner between the radiating element and the front end module, in order to counteract the antenna mismatch and to present an impedance close to 50 Ohms to the power amplifier. Prototypes have been realized using CMOS SOI 130 nm technology from STMicroelectronics. Obtained performances are at the state of the art, but the behavior of the tuner which is narrowband in phase showed that the co-design with the antenna is mandatory in order to demonstrate the tuner interest. The second developed line of research consists in realizing a wideband antenna, combining antenna and circuit design techniques. Demonstrators have been manufactured using the LDS-LPKF process. Smartphones prototypes have been proposed to implement the antenna in a realistic way to characterize their impedance and radiating behavior. Measurement shows a good robustness to the user interaction (in terms of matching) and efficiencies with similar values to commercial phones ones, while guaranteeing an operation in 4G bands and enabling carrier aggregation. As this method is scalable and compatible with the plastronics integration (components are integrated on the plastic), these prototypes paves the way for numerous perspectives, to cover different applications in the medical, wireless sensors network or the automotive areas
Abo, Robert. "Approches formelles pour l'analyse de la performabilité des systèmes communicants mobiles : Applications aux réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CNAM0822.
Full textWe are interested in analyzing the performability requirements of mobile communication systems by using model checking techniques. We model these systems using a high-level formalism derived from the π-calculus, for considering stochastic, timed, deterministic or indeterministic behaviors. However, in the π-calculus, the basic communication primitive of systems is the synchronous point-to-point communication. However, mobile systems that use wireless networks, mostly communicate by local broadcast. Therefore, we first define the broadcast communication into the π-calculus, to better model the systems we study. We propose to use probabilistic and stochastic versions of the algebra we have defined to allow performance studies. We define a temporal version to consider time in the models. But the lack of tools for analyzing properties of models specified with π-calculus is a major obstacle to our work and its objectives. The definition of translation rules into the PRISM language allows us to translate our models in low-level models which can support model checking, namely discrete time, or continuous time Markov chains, timed automata, or probabilistic timed automata. We chose the PRISM model checker because, in our best knowledge, in its latest version, it is the only tool that supports the low-level formalisms that we have previously cited, and thus, makes it possible to realize complete performability studies. This approach allows us to overcome the lack of model checkers for our models. Subsequently, we apply these theoretical concepts to analyse performability of mobile wireless sensor networks
Abo, Robert. "Approches formelles pour l'analyse de la performabilité des systèmes communicants mobiles : Applications aux réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00816392.
Full textPerret, Jérôme. "Téléprogrammation au niveau tâche pour un robot mobile autonome d'intervention sur site distant." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30264.
Full textOuattara, Yacouba. "Gestion de l'énergie et de la connectivité dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil statiques et mobiles." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2046/document.
Full textA number of works based on wireless sensor networks are interested in the energy management of these sensors. This energy is in fact a critical factor in the operation of these networks. Proper construction of sensor clusters is a great way to minimize the consumption of this energy. The problems related to these networks and often lies in their lifetime but also in the need to maintain connectivity between all transducers. These two aspects are closely linked. In this thesis, we focused on these two aspects in the context of static sensor networks but also of mobile sensors.We propose, as a _rst step, a hybrid algorithm for setting up clusters and the management of theseclusters. The uniqueness of this solution lies in the establishment of geographic areas for designation fcluster heads but also in transmission, in the exchanged messages, the amount of remaining energy on the sensors. Thus, the sensor data will designate the cluster heads and their successors will determine the thresholds for other sensors and for their operation. The algorithm is tested through many simulations. The second part of the work is to adapt our _rst algorithm for mobile sensor networks. We a_ect the trajectory of sensors to maintain connectivity and reduce energy consumption. For this, we are guided echo-location practiced by bats. We're interested in changing and dynamic topology in sensor networks. We analyzed the loss of energy as a function of the distance and the power transmission between the nodes and the head cluster. We also evaluate our algorithm on sensors that have a random move. We apply these algorithms to a _eet of surveillance drones simulation
Kammoun, Soufien. "Géolocalisation à l'intérieur d'un bâtiment pour terminaux mobiles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0041.
Full textNowadays, the localization of a device or person has become mandatory. If many solutions exist for outdoor environment, as the GPS one, any fails to provide an expected accuracy for indoor environment because of the multipath phenomena and the attenuation of signals crossing walls. This thesis focuses on the localization problem in buildings by using existed technologies in smartphones and tablets managed by Android OS - which is available in several brands. The indoor localization systems are using different technologies like radio-frequency (RF) waves or inertial sensors embedded in handsets. In the RF case, they use anchors or beacons, whose position impacts the localization performance for the covered zone. Our first contribution was the placement optimization of beacons using simulated annealing algorithm. Next to improve the localization performance, the inertial sensors, embedded in smartphones, have been used. The pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) algorithm employs the extracted signals from the inertial sensors and determines the path done since a known position. These extracted signals are affected by the intrinsic parameters of sensors and they are corrupted by noises. The calibration of the sensors is compulsory to obtain data that could be used to estimate the walking orientation and the number of done steps by the user. It is often supposed that the walking orientation is the same as the smartphone orientation; however it might be interesting to consider the bias between these two orientations. A last contribution, in this thesis, consists on a proposed algorithm for step detection using fuzzy logic
Castagliola, Philippe. "Un système incrémental pour la fusion multi-capteurs pour un robot mobile." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD391.
Full textGiraud, Claude. "Contribution aux problèmes de sélection et de placement de capteurs." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20138.
Full textSow, Idrissa. "Partitionnement et Geocasting dans les Réseaux Mobiles Ad hoc et Collecte des Données dans les Réseaux de Capteurs." Phd thesis, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440004.
Full textBaig, Qadeer. "Fusion de données multi capteurs pour la détection et le suivi d'objets mobiles à partir d'un véhicule autonome." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858441.
Full textKammoun, Soufien. "Géolocalisation à l'intérieur d'un bâtiment pour terminaux mobiles." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0041/document.
Full textNowadays, the localization of a device or person has become mandatory. If many solutions exist for outdoor environment, as the GPS one, any fails to provide an expected accuracy for indoor environment because of the multipath phenomena and the attenuation of signals crossing walls. This thesis focuses on the localization problem in buildings by using existed technologies in smartphones and tablets managed by Android OS - which is available in several brands. The indoor localization systems are using different technologies like radio-frequency (RF) waves or inertial sensors embedded in handsets. In the RF case, they use anchors or beacons, whose position impacts the localization performance for the covered zone. Our first contribution was the placement optimization of beacons using simulated annealing algorithm. Next to improve the localization performance, the inertial sensors, embedded in smartphones, have been used. The pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) algorithm employs the extracted signals from the inertial sensors and determines the path done since a known position. These extracted signals are affected by the intrinsic parameters of sensors and they are corrupted by noises. The calibration of the sensors is compulsory to obtain data that could be used to estimate the walking orientation and the number of done steps by the user. It is often supposed that the walking orientation is the same as the smartphone orientation; however it might be interesting to consider the bias between these two orientations. A last contribution, in this thesis, consists on a proposed algorithm for step detection using fuzzy logic
Drocourt, Cyril. "Localisation et modélisation de l'environnement d'un robot mobile par coopération de deux capteurs omnidirectionnels." Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1385.
Full textDurand, Petiteville Adrien. "Navigation référencée multi-capteurs d'un robot mobile en environnement encombré." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694329.
Full textOuld, Amar Ahcène. "Évitement local d'obstacles pour un robot mobile." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD769.
Full textSandu, Popa Iulian. "Modélisation, interrogation et indexation de données de capteurs à localisation mobile dans un réseau routier." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0015.
Full textNew technologies such as GPS, sensors and ubiquitous computing are pervading our society. The movement of people and vehicles may be sensed and recorded, thus producing large volumes of mobility data. The state-of-the-art database management systems fail to handle such complex data and their processing. This thesis addresses the problem of managing mobile location sensor data. We analyze the limitations of existing work in modeling, querying and indexing moving objects with sensors on road networks. Then, we propose new solutions to deal with these limitations. The main contributions of the thesis are a data model and a query language for moving sensor data, and an access method for in-network trajectories of moving objects. We have implemented these proposals as a spatio-temporal database management system extension and evaluated them
Diop, El hadji Serigne Mamour. "Optimisation de la transmission d'images dans les réseaux de capteurs pour des applications critiques de surveillance." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3011/document.
Full textRecent advances of inexpensive and low-power CMOS cameras and MEMS mi- crophones have led to the emergence of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). WMSNs promise a wide spectrum of potential applications which require to ubiquitously capture multimedia content (visual and audio information). To support the transmission of multimedia content in a resource constrained environment, WMSNs may require a certain level of quality of service (QoS) in terms of delay, bandwidth, jitter, reliability, quality level etc. In this thesis, we consider Wireless Image Sensor Networks (WISNs) where sensor nodes equipped with miniaturized visual cameras to provide accurate information in various geographical parts of an area of interest can be thrown in mass for mission-critical applications such as intrusion detection or search & rescue. An innovative and important aspect of this thesis is to take into account the criticality of applications. The network adopts an adaptive scheduling of image sensor node’s activity based on the application criticality level, where each node computes its cover-sets. So, event detection triggers the simulataneous transmission of a large volume of visual data from multiples sources to the Sink. The main objective of this thesis is to optimize this simultaneous transmission of images that can degrade network performance. With this goal in mind, we first proposed a multi-criteria approach to select the suitable cover-sets to be activated for reliable transmission of images in mission-critical applications. The proposed approach takes into account various parameters that affect the image quality at the Sink in a multi-hop transmission network and guarantees a compromise between autonomy and criticality. A modified version of GPSR routing protocol supporting the transmission of multimedia streams ensures the transfer of images from selected sources to the Sink. The second contribution consists in an optimized selection strategy based on 2-hop neighborhood information to determine the most relevant cover-sets to be activated to increase reliability for image transmission. This selection approach prioritizes the application’s criticality. A multipath extension of GPSR, called T-GPSR, wherein routing decisions are based 2-hop neighborhood information is also proposed. A performance study of the sink mobility on proposals based on 2-hop information is our third contribution
Dorffer, Clément. "Méthodes informées de factorisaton matricielle pour l'étalonnage de réseaux de capteurs mobiles et la cartographie de champs de pollution." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0507/document.
Full textMobile crowdsensing aims to acquire geolocated and timestamped data from a crowd of sensors (from or connected to smartphones). In this thesis, we focus on processing data from environmental mobile crowdsensing. In particular, we propose to revisit blind sensor calibration as an informed matrix factorization problem with missing entries, where factor matrices respectively contain the calibration model which is a function of the observed physical phenomenon (we focus on approaches for affine or nonlinear sensor responses) and the calibration parameters of each sensor. Moreover, in the considered air quality monitoring application, we assume to pocee- some precise measurements- which are sparsely distributed in space and time - that we melt with the multiple measurements from the mobile sensors. Our approaches are "informed" because (i) factor matrices are structured by the problem nature, (ii) the physical phenomenon can be decomposed using sparse decomposition with a known dictionary or can be approximated by a physical or a geostatistical model, and (iii) we know the mean calibration function of the sensors to be calibrated. The proposed approaches demonstrate better performances than the one based on the completion of the observed data matrix or the multi-hop calibration method from the literature, based on robust regression. Finally, the informed matrix factorization formalism also provides an accurate reconstruction of the observed physical field
Idir, Mohamed Yacine. "Analyse et développement de modèles statistiques pour l'estimation et la prédiction spatiale et temporelle de la pollution atmosphérique à partir de données issues de capteurs mobiles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG107.
Full textUrban air pollution, a global health crisis causing millions of deaths every year, makes accurate mapping of this phenomenon not only relevant, but vital to public health.Currently, air quality is measured by fixed air quality monitoring stations. These reference stations provide a highly accurate measure of air quality, at the cost of limited spatial coverage.The idea of using new low-cost sensors developed from recent technological advances, smaller in size and incorporating a global positioning system (GPS), quickly emerged. This gives scientists additional tools to refine spatio-temporal maps of air pollution and create new datasets providing information on air quality that was previously unavailable.Generating precise air quality maps using these low-cost sensors presents several major challenges. These challenges are mainly related to the nature of the phenomenon being studied, and to the accuracy and volume of the data.Given these difficulties, it is important to know how to combine all these fuzzy data sources to obtain a clear picture of urban pollution.The aim of this thesis is to analyze and develop statistical models that exploit data acquired by low-cost mobile sensors. It contributes to the objective of providing more accurate spatial and temporal estimates and forecasts of urban air pollution, by combining mathematical models and technological advances
Chafik, Abdellatif. "Architectures de réseau de capteurs pour la surveillance de grands systèmes physiques à mobilité cyclique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0063/document.
Full textThe close supervision of a large physical equipment moving on a single known trajectory is likely to have important practical applications for the safety of users and the equipment itself, for maintenance and optimization of the provided service. This requires deploying monitoring instruments on equipment. This instrumentation using a sensor network taken off the shelf is the application of the study conducted in this thesis. The research problems address three areas: the topology of mobile sensor networks, routing and localization. They are situated in relation to the state of the art. Then a detailed study of the network architecture for a physical system moving on a circular path was conducted. Giant observation wheel of Singapore (Singapore Flyer) is used as a type system. Two kinds of topology were considered: one in which the connection mobile system - fixed part at the ground is located at sensor interface, one for which the link mobile system - fixed part at the ground is located at sink interface. The best placements of the relays have been proposed as well as geographic routing algorithms adapted to each case. The network performance is measured by simulation. The results show a correct working for fairly rapid dynamic phenomena and allow to compare architectures with each other. Finally an experiment of node localization based on RSSI was conducted on an industrial site
Lherbier, Régis. "Étude d'une méthode de coopération entre capteurs pour la localisation dynamique d'un robot mobile." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD763.
Full textVergnaud, Alban. "Déploiement adaptatif d’un réseau de capteurs mobiles pour le suivi d’un phénomène évolutif décrit par des équations aux dérivées partielles." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0014/document.
Full textNowadays the environment and people protection requires the use of sensors in order to monitor the movement of mobile phenomena and to predict and act on their evolution (ex: polluting cloud, fires, oil spill). These physical phenomena are often modelled by nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE). Development of a predictive tool for the decision support requires the assessment of some input parameters. In such a context, sensors were generally expensive. However, recent technological advances have reduced manufacturing costs and it becomes possible to develop low-cost mobile systems and to deploy a group of networked vehicles in potentially risky environments.Research topic studied and presented in this thesis concerns the development and validation of optimal strategies for moving a set of sensors for the parametric identification of PDE systems characterized by one or more mobile heating sources. This work is intended to develop a comprehensive methodology (theory, numerical methods, and experimentation) in order to achieve an optimal design of experiments in the context of nonlinear ill-posed problems related to the evaluation of parameters in systems described by PDE in thermal engineering
Amessinou, Kossi. "Technologies mobiles en milieu agricole au Sud Bénin : cas des producteurs d'ananas." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30031/document.
Full textIn search of better living conditions, city dwellers almost use information and communication technologies. What about the situation in rural areas? It is an interrogation that has nourished the curiosity that underlies the conduct of this research. The collective imagination most of the time considers the rural environment like a space of chaos, where the penury destroys progress ambitions. In this age of technological expansion, we wonder about the changes brought by the integration and use of technologies in the life of the citizens living in agricultural areas. Farming is indeed their first occupation, but does the use of the mobile handling technologies makes the labour conditions easier? Are the structural transformation facilities attributed to the implementation of agricultural technologies effective? If so, do they induce improvements in living conditions and limit the mass exodus to urban areas, seeking betterment? To alleviate our doubts, we revisited studies existing in information and communication sciences, agronomics and telecommunications. The results are inescapable and confirmed the disparity of lifestyle between agricultural and urban environment. The use of the mobile phone is basic within the surveys of our study environment. We are particularly interested in the actors in charge of the production and sale of fresh pineapples. Two third of pineapple producers interviewed while conducting our field investigations, use the phone to announce the availability of the product, but mouth to mouth remains the most used medium for advertising. Television, telephones and other mobile equipments do not intervene neither in the collection of the agricultutal related informations nor for the financial transfer. The technologies to control water in the fields and agricultural machinery are still very inaccessible. As a result, the local labor force is heavily involved. Working conditions are generally rather difficult. Internet and social networks are still a luxury. Despite the average of five dependents, they make three daily meals. Pineapple production is made by most of the concerned, in addition to other activities
Bouilly, Bertrand. "Planification de stratégies de déplacement robuste pour robot mobile." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT011H.
Full textBenferhat, Djamel. "Conception d'un système de communication tolérant la connectivité intermittente pour capteurs mobiles biométriques - Application à la supervision médicale de l'activité cardiaque de marathoniens." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904627.
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