Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Capteur tracté'
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Nora, Carine. "Développement d'un capteur conductimétrique pour le contrôle en ligne des traces ioniques dans l'eau ultrapure." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066033.
Full textHeras, Ambros Paloma. "Barley root traits for improved subsoil exploration and resource capture." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43532/.
Full textClément, Pierrick. "Functionalized carbon nanotubes for detecting traces of benzene vapors employing screen-printed resistive and resonant transducers." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0127/document.
Full textMultiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) base sensitive layers have been deposited onto different transducer substrates for gas sensing application. Oxygen plasma treated MWCNTs, so-called O-MWCNTs, have been a building blockfor developing other gas sensitive nanomaterials. At first, OMWCNTs have been studied as resistive gas sensors. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, toluene, ethanol, methanol and acetone have been used to characterize this sensitive layer. The sensors show good sensitivity and excellent baseline recovery in the presence of benzene or toluene vapors compared to the others tested VOCs. OMWCNTs have been studied as adsorbent nanomaterials deposited on PZT piezoelectric resonant cantilevers fabricated by multilayer screen-printing. In the second step, a modification of the rectangular top electrode to become an interdigitated electrode was implemented in order to have a sensor transducer employing two transduction mechanisms. This configuration allowed us to measure, for a single device, the resistance change of the carbon nanotube film and the resonance frequency shift of the PZT cantilever up on exposure to VOCs. The sensing properties of such systems have been studied for benzene, CO, and NO2 contaminants. Positive and negative shifts of the resonance frequency are observed at lowand high gas concentrations, respectively. These are attributed to stress or to mass effects becoming dominant at low or high gas concentration levels. Monitoring the resistance of the p type O-MWCNT film helps discriminating gases/ vapours according to their oxidizing or reducing character. The interest of the double transduction has been demonstrated in the detection of CO. Finally, in front of the difficulty to detect benzene at low concentrations, a different approach based on the host-guest molecular recognition is proposed. To promote specific interaction toward benzene, quinoxaline-walled thioether-legged deep cavit and functionalized MWCNTs are used. The detection of 2.5 ppb of benzene in dry air is demonstrated with a limit of detection (LOD) near 600 ppt.These remarkable results show the potentiality of functionalized carbon nanotubes in aromatic vapor sensing at traces level
Tillet, Joris. "Safe localization and control of a towed sensor." Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ENTA0013.
Full textThe oceans’ exploration becomes more and more reachable, especially thanks to robotics progress. Applications for underwater robots are plentiful. In this thesis, we particularly focus on the search of wrecks, as the Cordelière, which sank in the Bay of Brest (France) in 1512. The proposed robotic system consists of towing a magnetometer likely to detect the ferromagnetic materials of the wreck. The sensor cannot be directly embedded because it is sensitive to the perturbations from the robot. This is why it is deported. Two issues are studied to approach this system. The first one is linked to the control of the magnetometer’s position, whereas we can only act on the towing robot. A feedback linearization method is used to design a controller. Then, this controller is validated under some state constraints by using tools from interval analysis. The second issue relates to underwater localization in a reliable manner. Ways to approach uncertainties and outliers gathered by acoustic sensors are studied. The interval analysis allows to obtain first results, and the fuzzy logic completes the approach by giving more suppleness in the prioritization of the constraints. Finally, some expérimentations are presented with different robots, and especially the localization of a ROV in a pool
Chounlamountry, Keodavanh. "Les systèmes de capture du glutamate dans le noyau du tractus solitaire. Relations astrocytes-synapses et localisation subcellulaire des transporteurs du glutamate." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30035.
Full textGlutamate is the main excitatory transmitter in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), a sensory nucleus involved in visceral information processing. Using electron microscope immunocytochemistry, we have investigated neuron to glia relationships and localization of glutamate transporters in the NTS. We show that NTS astrocytes express GLT-1 and that astrocytic wrapping of NTS glutamatergic synapses is incomplete, allowing glutamate to diffuse out of the synaptic cleft. In addition, we demonstrate that NTS neurons express the EAAC1 transporter. EAAC1 is exclusively present in dendrites and mostly located intracellularly. Finally, we show that visceral inflammation increases the glial wrapping of NTS glutamatergic synapses
Chandrasekaran, Yogesh. "Élaboration de capteurs fluorescents pour la quantification de traces de métaux lourds dans l'eau." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S151.
Full textThe main threats to human health from heavy metals are associated with the exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. These heavy metals cause adverse environmental and health problems because of their tendency to bioaccumulate. Although many analytical methods offer precise quantitative measurements, they suffer from several drawbacks, including selectivity, sensitivity, response times and high cost. There is a real need to develop fast, cheap and real-time monitoring methods for heavy metals detection. The process of liquid-liquid extraction by ionic liquids in the presence of a chelating agent offer very high Nernst coefficients, but suffer from limitations like possible return of the ionic complex (chelating agent + ion) into the aqueous phase, thereby decreasing the extraction efficiency. The problem is solved by supporting the chelating functions on the ionic liquids in order to form Task Specific Ionic Liquids (TSILs). We decided to graft a special functional group, fluoroionophore onto the onium salt, so that fluorogenic and chelating properties can be integrated. Herein, we adopted this concept of binary task specific ionic liquids (BTSILs), where there is immobilization of TSOS (Task Specific Onium Salt) containing selective and sensitive fluoroionophores, in an ionic liquid stationary phase. This should ensure both efficient extraction of the heavy metal ions from the aqueous phase and sensitive detection. Such immobilization of the metal binding unit in a hydrophobic IL would also greatly decrease the risk of loss into the aqueous phase compared to the classical ligands. Thus, we report the synthesis and characterization of task specific onium salts bearing metal ion specific fluoroionophores. The final goal is to incorporate these TSOSs in a microfluidic system to perform extraction concentration and detection for continuous real time monitoring of heavy metal cations in water. Keywords: Heavy metals, Fluoroionophore, Task specific ionic liquids, Chelating agent
Jasmin, Jean-Philippe. "Élaboration de capteurs nanostructurés pour la détection de polluants métalliques à l'état de traces." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLE010/document.
Full textThis work focuses on screen-printed electrodes functionalization by electrografting of diazonium salts in order to be used as metallic micropollutants sensors. Two kind of functionalization were treated; the functionalization by organic groups selective of metal ions owing selective sensors and, the nanostructuration with gold nanoparticles to increase the analytical performances of the sensors. The first part of the work deals with the functionalization of screen-printed electrodes with macrocyclic ligands, chosen from a bibliographic study, for their respective affinities for Cu (II), Pb (II) and UO2 (VI). Covalent grafting of this macrocycles on screen-printed electrodes leads to potentially selective sensors. The analytical performances of these sensors as well as the influence of many interference species on the detection were studied.A second part handles with methods for the nanostructuration of screen-printed electrodes by covalent immobilization of naked or functionalized gold nanoparticles. Two types of gold nanoparticles, with different characteristics have been studied. The nature, the size and the surface state of the gold nanoparticles were found to be key parameters that influence on the nanostructuration of screen-printed electrodes and consequently on their electrochemical properties. The last part of this work concerns the development of a detection protocol for metallic micropollutants with the nanostructured and functionalized screen-printed. The analytical performances have been studied and compared with systems without nanoparticles in order to highlight the contribution of the gold nanoparticles on the performance of the electrodes
Mahieuxe, Bruno. "Capteurs à fibre optique pour le dosage des nitrates." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL046N.
Full textVillanueva, Jessica Denila. "Suivi par capteurs passifs des polluants émergents dans les eaux de surface en contexte urbain." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14186/document.
Full textThe study aimed to assess the water quality of the surface water in differingclimate conditions and management practices. Three interesting sites were chosen, (1)Jalle River and (2) Bordeaux Lac both in France and the (3) Pasig River in thePhilippines. The French sites have rainfall and run-off collectors that directly dischargewater to the water bodies. Pasig River, on the other hand, becomes a waste collector aswaste management and treatment plant are lacking. Trace metals and organics(pesticides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals and drugs) were measured. Conventional andpassive sampling approches were employed. The mass fluxes were obtained in order tocalculate the pollution transport. Physico-chemical properties and the particlecharacteristics, integrating statistical analyses, facilitated in explaining the behavior of themeasured molecules and describing the hydrological system in relation to climatevariability
Dereeper, Eloi. "Synthèse et caractérisation de couches actives pour la détection de traces d'hydrocarbures lourds." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0234/document.
Full textElectrochemical sensors are one of the most direct ways to convert the chemical composition of a gas into measurable electric signals. As such, they have been widely investigated and are now one of the most common detection solutions. However, they are often based on YSZ electrolyte, which implies high working temperatures (600°C).In order to build a sensor cell which could operate at lower temperature (300°C), deposition parameters of Bi4V2O11 and BITAVOX (Bi2TaxV1-xO5.5) electrolytes by the mean of reactive magnetron sputtering (PVD) were investigated. The impact of film thickness and that of tantalum substitution rate on the V site on structural and conduction properties were determined.Then, two different kinds of cells were realised by depositing electrodes onto the electrolyte surface. The first one used dense platinum and LASCO (La1-x-yAgxSryCoO3) nanowires electrodes. Nevertheless, this sensor exhibited a rather complex behaviour at lowest temperatures. Then, gold and platinum electrodes were investigated, which led to a more simple response of the sensor. Furthermore, this response started at 200°C
McGarry, Anthony. "Evaluation of the Tracer CAD and T ring prosthetic shape capture systems." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11251.
Full textGispert, Camille. "Conception et développement d’un microcapteur stérilisable pour la mesure de traces et d’ultratraces d’oxygène dissous." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU30179.
Full textThe intensification of industrial processes and the development of new compounds in biotechnologies and pharmacy need to use new parameters and increase the performance of current sensors. The on line dissolved oxygen monitoring is essential in many industrial processes. Sensors are placed in harsh environments. The design of a sterilizable dissolved oxygen micro sensor requires news electrolytes materials and a new MEMS design. This multidisciplinary approach has permit to get prototypes running on a temperature wide range
Azzi, Victor, and Victor Azzi. ""Sensor-in-fibre" optical probes for molecular sensing in the gastrointestinal tract of murine models." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37631.
Full textL’obésité et les maladies cardiométaboliques sont des problèmes de santé publique dans les populations nordiques du Canada ainsi qu’à travers le monde. Il est actuellement proposé que l’augmentation de ces désordres est en partie causée par divers facteurs environnementaux qui génèrent des changements importants du microbiote intestinal. Cette communauté microbienne qui peuple notre tractus gastrointestinal joue un rôle clé dans le métabolisme de nutriments, mais peut aussi avoir des effets néfastes lorsque son équilibre avec l’hôte est perturbé. Cette compréhension a mis en évidence le manque d’outils prédictifs permettant un diagnostic rapide et efficace dans le domaine biomédical. L’analyse actuelle du microbiote est réalisée à posteriori au niveau des selles, ce qui requiert du personnel hautement qualifié de même que des procédures longues et dispendieuses. L’objectif de ce projet est de concevoir un capteur optique qui, une fois implanté dans l’intestin, permettra de détecter en temps réel des biomarqueurs clés produit par le microbiome intestinal. Dans le cadre d’une preuve de concept, une architecture fibrée simple permettant de mesurer quantitativement des variations de pH est démontrée. Contrairement aux capteurs fibrés traditionnels, la sonde optique de ce projet exploite l’onde évanescente générée sur la périphérie de l’interface pour exciter des nanomatériaux greffés dont les propriétés de fluorescence varient selon leur environnement chimique. Les mesures sont possibles grâce à un système optique mobile contrôlé par un logiciel convivial qui permet à un utilisateur nonexpert d’utiliser l’appareil. Les résultats confirment qu’avec un étalonnage préalable il est possible avec cette sonde modèle de prendre des mesures quantitatives du pH en temps réel in vitro. Les expériences préliminaires suggèrent que la sonde permet aussi de mesurer le pH en temps réel dans l’intestin in vivo.
Obesity and cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are major public health issues among Canada’s northern population and throughout the world. It is believed that the exponential rise in CMD incidence is due to numerous environmental factors, which are driving important changes in the gut microbiome. This microbial community which populates our intestinal tract plays a key role in nutrient and energy metabolism, but can also drive pathogenic mechanisms when its interaction with the host is disrupted. This understanding has highlighted the lack of predictive tools and biomarkers for rapid and efficient diagnostic of various diseases within the medical field. Current analysis of the gut microbiota is mostly based on sequencing technologies to determine microbial composition and gene expression, while functional analyses are limited to surrogate markers of microbial activities through stool metabolites. The goal of this study is to develop a “Sensor-in-Fibre” probe with the capacity to detect key microbiome-derived molecules relevant to CMD pathogenesis in real time in vivo. The optical probe takes advantage of evanescent fields generated on its peripheral interface to excite species-selective surface-grafted sensing nanomaterials that have varying fluorescent properties based on the target molecules present in the surrounding environment. As a model system, FITC functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane was grafted on the periphery of an optical fiber, leading to qualitative pH measurements revealed through fluorescence emission qualities. These measurements are possible due to the use of a mobile signal collection apparatus in conjunction with custom software made to enable a non-expert technician to use it. The experimental results demonstrate that, with the appropriate preparation, it is possible to quantitatively measure pH with this probe structure in vitro and preliminary studies suggest that the probe is also capable of measuring pH in vivo in real time.
Obesity and cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are major public health issues among Canada’s northern population and throughout the world. It is believed that the exponential rise in CMD incidence is due to numerous environmental factors, which are driving important changes in the gut microbiome. This microbial community which populates our intestinal tract plays a key role in nutrient and energy metabolism, but can also drive pathogenic mechanisms when its interaction with the host is disrupted. This understanding has highlighted the lack of predictive tools and biomarkers for rapid and efficient diagnostic of various diseases within the medical field. Current analysis of the gut microbiota is mostly based on sequencing technologies to determine microbial composition and gene expression, while functional analyses are limited to surrogate markers of microbial activities through stool metabolites. The goal of this study is to develop a “Sensor-in-Fibre” probe with the capacity to detect key microbiome-derived molecules relevant to CMD pathogenesis in real time in vivo. The optical probe takes advantage of evanescent fields generated on its peripheral interface to excite species-selective surface-grafted sensing nanomaterials that have varying fluorescent properties based on the target molecules present in the surrounding environment. As a model system, FITC functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane was grafted on the periphery of an optical fiber, leading to qualitative pH measurements revealed through fluorescence emission qualities. These measurements are possible due to the use of a mobile signal collection apparatus in conjunction with custom software made to enable a non-expert technician to use it. The experimental results demonstrate that, with the appropriate preparation, it is possible to quantitatively measure pH with this probe structure in vitro and preliminary studies suggest that the probe is also capable of measuring pH in vivo in real time.
Résumé en espagnol
Résumé en espagnol
Bailly, Guillaume. "Développement de la transduction microonde appliquée à la détection d'ammoniac : du nanomatériau au capteur large bande, compréhension des mécanismes et influence des traces d'eau." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK029/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to propose an analysis of the microwave transduction specificities in the framework of ammonia sensing applications. The two main features of this transduction are its broadband characterization (1 to 8 GHz) as well as its sensitive materials (dielectrics). This transduction method is based on the interaction between a polluting gas and a sensitive material deposited on the surface of a microwave-specific propagating structure. The response of the sensor is not directly induced by the dielectric properties of the gaseous target molecule, but rather by those of the target species adsorbed on the surface of the sensitive material. This adsorption causes a modification of the sensor parameters measured by a vector network analyzer. Unlike more conventional transducers such as conductimetry, this principle works at room temperature with any type of material, including electrical insulators.The first work carried out during this thesis led to the development of a new experimental bench adapted specifically for the study of microwave gas sensors by measuring the S-parameters in reflection and transmission modes. This development includes the design of two new generations of sensors, coated with metal oxides (iron or titanium oxides) commercially available or synthesized during the study. The first sensor comprises interdigital circuits while the second sensor is a trapezoidal resonator. The latter is characterized by a series of frequencies of interest regularly distributed between 1 and 8 GHz. The association of a mass spectrometer with the measurement bench allowed to follow the adsorption and desorption behavior of the target species which is ammonia (10-100 ppm), but also the behavior of the vector gas conventionally used, argon, and water initially adsorbed on the sensitive material or intentionally added during the experiment. The objective is to study the role of water as interfering with the detection of ammonia, the main target species. A third molecule of interest, ethanol, was also used during the experiments in order to estimate the possible differences in the detected molecules behaviors. The experimental results were exploited using specific data processing protocols established during this thesis. Temporal treatments were carried out to study the kinetic behavior of the sensor, while spectral treatments allowed to apprehend the broadband aspect of the sensor response in the presence of pollutants.The first major result is the significant increase in sensitivity to ammonia, which significantly lowered the detection threshold to ammonia concentrations in the 10 ppm range. Titanium dioxide has been identified as a good candidate for ammonia detection, with reflection coefficient variations up to 6 dB for 300 ppm. The role of the water initially adsorbed on the sensitive material has been elucidated, showing that its influence is significant only during the first few minutes of the experiments. Thus, it is possible to detect ammonia in the presence of residual moisture. The processes induced by the gaseous exposures and particularly by the carrier gas were identified, and confirmed that the sensor response was solely due to its interaction with the target molecules. Another major result is the definition of the operating conditions that are necessary for the establishment of the selectivity. Our theoretical analysis clearly demonstrated the interest of broadband measurements in terms of discrimination of target molecules. This analysis has been tested in multitarget experiments using ammonia, water and ethanol. These observations allowed to establish the specifications of a new generation of microwave sensors, guaranteeing systematic discrimination between these three molecules
Moudakkir, Salah. "Etude physico-chimique de l'oxyde d'étain SnO2. Aptitude à la réalisation d'un capteur passif sensible aux traces de gaz réducteurs dans l'air." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR4016.
Full textBell, Jérémy. "Capteurs fluorescents à base de liquides ioniques à tâche spécifique pour la quantification de traces de métaux lourds dans l’eau." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DENS0046.
Full textThe aim of this PhD is the realization of fluorescent sensors based on task specific ionic liquids for the extraction and the quantification of trace of heavy metals ions in water. As a first step, efficient fluorescent molecular probes for the detection of mercury, lead and cadmium were targeted. Two lariat ethers derivated from phosphine oxide show good affinity for lead and cadmium, while a phosphine selenide derivative has proven to be a very good chemodosimeter for mercury with a low detection limit of 3.4 nmol.L-1. Secondly, fluorescent molecular probes derived from 8-hydroxyquinoline having a phosphinate or thiophosphinate group are described. These molecules are able to coordinate mercury in aqueous medium and allow to detect a concentration of mercury in water of 0.1 nmol.L-1. Finally, a phenanthroline derivative for detection of cadmium in aqueous medium is described. With this compound, traces of cadmium can be detected. After identification of the most efficient probes for targeted heavy metals ions, they have been functionalized to be incorporated in a hydrophobic ionic liquid to form task specific ionic liquids for the extraction and detection of heavy metals ions. In parallel of this work on molecular probes, an portable analyzer of heavy metals ions has been developed, including a new optical detection module. This device can also detect sub-nanomolar traces of mercury
Paraskiva, Alla. "Développement de membranes pour les capteurs chimiques potentiométriques spécifiques aux ions Thallium et Sodium." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0466/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to study the physicochemical properties of the chalcogenide glasses for possibility to use them as the chemical sensor membranes for the quantitative analysis of TI⁺ and NA⁺ ions. Firstly, the measurements of the macroscopic properties such as the densities and the characteristic temperatures (Tg, Tc, Tf) and their analysis according to the glass compositions were carried out. After that, the transport properties were studied through complex impedance conductivity measurements and from dc conductivity measurements. These experiments have shown the mixed cation effect in three chalcogenide glassy systems with TI/Ag ions and the percolation regime in the NaCl-Ga₂S₃-GeS₂ system. Then the silver ¹⁰⁸mAg and thallium ²⁰⁴TI tracer diffusion measurements were carried out for (TI₂S)ₓ(Ag₂S)₅₀₋ₓ(GeS)₂₅(GeS₂)₂₅ system. The result permit to explain the mixed cation effect. In order to better understand the transport phenomena of the studied systems, the various structural studies have been deployed using Raman spectroscopy, neutron diffraction and high energy X-ray diffraction. Finally, the last part of this work is entirely devoted to the characterization of new chemical sensors for detection of TI⁺ and NA⁺ ions in solution. In the first case, the sensors with different membrane compositions were tested for defining the sensitivity, the detection limit, the selectivity coefficients in the presence of interfering ions, the reproductibility, the pH influence. In addition, the ionic exchange with radioactive isotopes ²⁰⁴TI between the solution and the GeS₂ or Ge₂S₃ based glasses was performed for understanding and explaining the significant differences in the sensitivity and the detection limit presented by the sensors whose membranes have the similar glass compositions. In the second case, the studies shows the existence of sensitivity for NA⁺ ions so the development of sensors for the determination of sodium ions is possible
Bételu, Stéphanie. "Développement de capteurs électrochimiques sérigraphiés : De la mesure ponctuelle au suivi en semi-continu du cadmium et du plomb dans les eaux." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU3039.
Full textMetal risk assessment can only be conducted by taking into account elements speciation. Even if extensive efforts have been devoted for developing highly sensitive analytical procedures for free ions and labile complexes analysis, which are considered as potentially bioavailable, the development of sensing tools for on site analyses is a growing necessity and therefore a serious challenge to any analytical technique in term of sensitivity, accuracy and repeatability. The purpose of this study was the elaboration of an electrochemical sensor for the semi-continuous monitoring of free and labile complexes of cadmium and lead. These trace-elements were selected because they are among the most toxics in terms of accumulation. Mercury-film coated carbon-based screen-printed electrode was investigated. Mercury was selected as the material of choice for the reliable detection and quantitation of trace-elements in natural media. Several key constraints have then been taken into account in order to simplify the analytical constraints for on site measurements : A) The risks of mercury contamination. Two approaches were investigated in order to minimize mercury risk contamination : 1) Mercury film pre-electrodéposition. 2) Direct incorporation of mercury (II) oxide into the carbon-based ink before the printing process. B) The analytical constraints. 1) Mass transfert: both macroélectrode (S = 9. 6 mm2) and a micro-band electrode (S = 9,6 mm2) performance and robustness were investigated in order to choose the most appropriate geometry for on site semi-continuous analysis. 2) Presence of dissolved oxygen: the most appropriate analytical technique was selected to minimize dissolved oxygen interferences. 3) Presence of organic matter in natural water samples: a protective membrane has been developed to avoid the signal disturbance due to adsorption of organic substances on the working surface. A pre-electrocoated mercury-film screen-printed macroélectrode modified by tétrathiacyclododécane (TT12C4) crown-ether based membrane was achieved. Detection limit were respectively 0. 04 µg l-1 and 0. 2 µg l-1 for cadmium and lead. Electrodes were successfully applied in river water or soil solution. Semi-continuous monitoring of cadmium and lead, using a flow system, was performed in natural water sample (pH 7. 9) for forty hours. Over four hundred analyses were conducted without significant loss of sensitivity. Electrode presents the design feature for semi-continuous monitoring of trace metal in natural water samples
Shiflett, Sheri. "PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF SHRUB ENCROACHMENT: LINKING ENHANCED HYDRAULIC CAPACITY TO EFFICIENT LIGHT CAPTURE AND PROCESSING." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3208.
Full textMinot, Marceau. "Traits biologiques et facteurs environnementaux structurant les mouvements locaux et la dispersion des libellules( Insecta, Odonata) dans les réseaux de mares. Pond creation and restoration:: patterns of odonate colonisation and community dynamics Biometry of the large dragonfly Anax imperator (Odonata, Aeshnidae):: A study of traits from larval development to adults Effects of water pollution on the larval development and condition of the adults at emergence in Aeshna cyanea (Odonata: Aeshnidae) Habitat use and movements of a large dragonfly (Odonata: Anax imperator) in a pond network. Diversity and genetic structure of Anax imperator populations at the European scale." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR031.
Full textDuring the last decades, the number of ponds decreased by more than 50 % in European countries, occasionally reaching up to 90 % in some regions. Their decline in number has led to a strong loss of connectivity between waterbodies. Yet, these small and scattered ecosystems are essential for the life cycle of a high diversity of freshwater species. Land use policies like the creation of Greenways and Blueways in France aim to improve ecological continuities to allow maintenance of existent biological populations and exchanges between them. However, the connectivity between ponds must be considered according to the dispersal abilities of freshwater species and this information often lacks to guide restoration measures. In the present work, we studied the dispersal abilities of dragonflies on several spatial scales and investigated the biological traits and environmental factors that shaped their movements. In the first part, we evaluated the colonization of 20 ponds in Normandy by dragonflies during three years after pond restoration or pond creation. The results highlight high colonization rates during the first year and no difference in species richness was found between newly created or restored ponds. This suggests that restoration of ponds after complete drought should not always be prioritized over pond creation in management strategies. We found that generalist species were more present in the first year after pond creation or restoration, whereas the occurrence of forest specialists increased with the age of the pond. The results also highlighted that the landscape context around ponds (i.e. forest vs. open lands) had an effect on the composition of dragonfly communities. Finally, the total abundance of odonate species was related to the density of other ponds in the surroundings. This result emphasizes that highly connected ponds can support larger populations than isolated ones and thus, be more resilient to perturbations. The second part provides insights into the larval development of Anax imperator and the relationship between morphological traits of larvae and adults. The results suggest that the survival of this species might depend on its body length during the maturation period. We also tried to study the natal dispersal by marking 87 individuals at emergence, but only two males were resighted after the maturation period. Finally, the effect of two water pollutants (i.e. Round-up and DEET) at different concentrations was also investigated on the larval development and adults of Aeshna cyanea. Larvae were reared under laboratory conditions and exposed to concentrations up to 30 mg.L-1 of the two pollutants. No effect of the pollutants was detected on the morphological conditions of larvae or tenerals, suggesting that A. cyanea is tolerant to potential water pollution of ponds. The level of HSP70 stress protein was also similar according to the different treatments, but teneral adults presented higher levels of stress than larvae, suggesting that emergence induced a high stress in the individuals. The third part focuses on the dispersal of A. imperator. We first assessed the local movements within a pond network in the Normandy region
Fezai, Fatma. "Élaboration d'un capteur électrochimique basé sur une interface mixte film de diazonium / nanoparticules d'or pour la détection des traces de mercure(II) dans les eaux naturelles." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30223.
Full textMercury (Hg) is highly toxic metal originating from natural sources and mainly from anthropogenic processes. It can bioaccumulate all along the food chain and causes severe diseases being thus lethal. Thus, it is of critical importance to ensure continuous Hg(II) monitoring for health and environmental protection. Classical Spectroscopic techniques are routinely used for Hg(II) determination. Although they offer good sensitivity and selectivity, they involve complex procedures and expensive material, which limit their use for on-site analysis. In this context, electrochemical sensors present excellent candidates for in situ Hg(II) trace analysis, taking in account their numerous advantages compared to spectroscopic techniques: easier handling, simple procedure, low energy consuming, low cost material and portability. This work presents a new electrochemical approach aiming to conceive and optimize an electrochemical Hg(II) sensor based on the functionalization of a glassy carbon electrode with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and diazonium salts in order to enhance the sensor lifetime. The gold nanoparticles were directly electrodeposited on the glassy carbon electrode, previously functionalized by diazonium salts. The mixed interfaces were then characterized using different electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. An activation step was finally performed prior to mercury detection. The analytical performances of the sensor (stability, sensitivity, selectivity) towards mercury detection were evaluated using different amounts of Hg(II)
Hodsoll, S. "Improving attention to emotion in individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits : a role for value-driven attentional capture?" Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1468436/.
Full textDeptuch, Grzegorz. "New Generation of Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors for Charged Particle Detection." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13115.
Full textBoidin, Rémi. "Etude des propriétés de conduction et structurales des verres du système Hgl₂-Ag₂S-As₂S₃ : application en tant que capteur chimique." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958154.
Full textDayoub, Elana. "Compétitivité des légumineuses vis-à-vis des adventices : traits impliqués dans la capture précoce de l’azote minéral du sol et complémentarité des traits entre espèces dans des associations légumineuse-non légumineuse." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0031/document.
Full textEnhancing crop competitiveness against weeds is a relevant way in order to design cropping system less dependent on herbicides. Legumes are key species in diversified cropping systems but they are known to be low competitive against weeds. However, inter-specific variability especially in the early growth had been little studied. Our work aims to i) study, via two greenhouse experiments in rhizotrons, the traits involved in the growth and nitrogen (N) acquisition for a range of legume species and the impacts on weed-legume competition at the beginning of crop cycle and to ii) quantify under field experiments the interest of legume-non legume intercropping (oilseed rapelegumes, maize-perennial legumes, where legume species were grown as service plant) on weed growth and weed species composition. Our results highlighted the inter-specific variability for soil N uptake in the early growth in relation with seed reserves and rooting exploration. Weed growth and N acquisition are influenced differently as a function of legume species in the early growth. Field experiments show the advantage of species combinations with complementary traits for using resources, leading to better weed control while maintaining crop productivity. This study shows also that weed species composition was modified as a function of legume species in relation with both legume traits and weed traits response
El, Alami el Hassani Nadia. "Conception et Réalisation de Capteurs et de Biocapteurs Électrochimiques à Base de Nanomatériaux pour le Contrôle de la Qualité en Agroalimentaire et pour l'Analyse Biomédicale." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1311/document.
Full textIn recent decades, the use of electrochemical sensors and biosensors have grown considerably due to their simplicity, reliability, rapidity, and selectivity. They were the most attractive alternative tools for conventional analytical methods in various fields such as food control, medicine, and clinical biology or environmental control. In this research works, we focused, in the first part, on the development of immunosensors and electrochemical sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the quality control of honey. In the second part, we managed to apply a voltammetric electronic tongue (VE-tongue) for food monitoring and biomedical analyzes. The first part of our research work concerns the development of immunosensors based on gold microelectrodes of the Bio-MEMS devices. The development of these immunosensors was dedicated to the detection of antibiotic residues namely sulfapyridine (SPy) and tetracycline (TC). A new structure of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with the poly (pyrrole-co-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid) copolymer has been exploited in this work for their three-dimensional immobilization network as well as for their stability for long periods. The detection of SPy and TC was performed by different competitive approaches using polyclonal antibodies. In this part, we have also synthesized the MIP sensors dedicated to the detection of sulfaguanidine, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol in honey. These devices have been developed on the surface of the screen-printed gold electrodes by employing a polyacrylamide matrix in the presence of the target molecules. The performances of these sensors and biosensors (limit of detection, selectivity, reproducibility, applications in real samples) were then evaluated. Regarding the second part of our research works, it involved the discrimination between honeys from fourteen regions from France and Morocco. We have succeeded in demonstrating the reliability of this device in predicting the results of the different physico-chemical parameters of honey samples according to the responses of the used analytical methods. In other steps, we proceeded to the application of the VE-tongue in biomedical analyzes to discriminate urine specimens of patients suffering from urinary tract infections and those of healthy subjects
Bastianelli, Olivier. "Variations spatiales, temporelles et interindividuelles de survie et de phénologie de la reproduction chez la mésange bleue (Cyanistes caeruleus)." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MNHN0008.
Full textThe study of life history traits and their covariations is critical to fully understand population demography and evolution. Among these traits, adult survival is central, as a component of fitness. Reproductive phenology is also a key element through its major consequences on fitness and through its sensitivity to environmental variations, particularly in the current context of climate change. The study of the relationship between these two traits is crucial in understanding the complex relationships between life history traits in a population. It is however surprisingly not often studied. This thesis aims to explore variations in survival in four populations of blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) in the Mediterranean region, and to examine the existence of links between survival and other demographic or environmental components of populations, including reproductive phenology. Using capture-mark-recapture models, we were able to estimate survival probabilities in the different populations. We showed that in one of these populations, the phenology of the population impacted adult survival at the population level (a decrease in the median laying date of the population causes a decrease in subsequent survival) as well as at the individual level (but in the opposite direction: the earliest individuals in the population are those who have the highest survival probabilities in the following year). These covariations are part of a complex relationship system that involves reproductive success (related to laying date), environment (which impacts laying date and reproductive success), and population density (which has negative effects on laying date, reproductive success and adult survival). In total, our work sheds new light on the processes related to adult survival and its spatial and temporal variations in the populations studied, as well as their links with environmental variations
Ghazi, Christopher. "Measurement of Fluid and Particle Transport through Narrow Passages." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/297.
Full textDoblas, Jiménez David. "Exploration and detection of ultra-traces of explosives by chip calorimetry." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE017/document.
Full textBeing able to sense the minuscule amounts of energetic materials is crucial in the context of the fight against terrorism. Apart from the methods of detection of EM, which are specific to the chemical structure, one could use the enthalpy variations of the EM decomposition process for their detection by means of thermal analysis. However, the sensitivity of classical methods would be still insufficient to sense particles in the nanogram range. By contrast, the recently developed technique of chip calorimetry is perfectly suited for characterizing small amounts of samples and is therefore fully adequate for this task.In order to explore the possibilities of detection and identification of solid micro-particles of EM with thermal analysis, we discuss on the protocols optimized for the detection and identification of nanogram-size particles of EM and its mixtures with the chip calorimeter accessory. The results obtained on pure EM and its mixtures show that the detection threshold can be put at approximately several hundred picograms. The experiments were completed by the in-situ structural analysis using a combination with nanofocus synchrotron XRD
Clochard, Marie-Claude. "Des polymérisations classiques en solution aux polymérisations radio-induites contrôlées en milieu confiné." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823555.
Full textLandry, Tom. "Mesure des trajectoires de patineurs de vitesse courte piste par filtrage particulaire et simulation physique sur tracés paramétriques en vue de l'étude de la performance humaine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29263/29263.pdf.
Full textAlós, Crespí Josep. "Selection drivers of life-history traits in marine coastal fishes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/123496.
Full textEl humans poden produir evolució contemporània a través de la recol∙lecció de animals salvatges. Aquesta tesis proporciona evidencies d’aquest procés per la pesca recreativa a una sorprenent escala espacial petita. Les poblacions marines de peixos tenen una alta variabilitat individual en caràcters heretables de la història exposada a una mortalitat selectiva per pesca. Les estratègies vitals de les poblacions actuals de peixos costaners, les quals conjuntament produeixin una reducció en la mida del individu, són el reflexa d’aquesta pesca selectiva en poblacions amb baixa connectivitat. Degut a la correlació entre història vital i comportament, la pesca pot induir també respostes adaptatives en cert caràcters comportamentals. Considerant els efectes negatius de la selecció per pesca en la productivitat i la qualitat de les pesqueries, aquesta tesis recomana considerar els possibles efectes evolutius produïts per la pesca en les estratègies de gestió d’espècies explotades per la pesca recreativa.
El hombre puede producir evolución contemporánea por la recolección de animales salvajes. La presente tesis proporciona evidencias de este proceso por la pesca recreativa en una sorprendente escala espacial pequeña. Las poblaciones de peces marinos presentan una alta variabilidad en caracteres heredables de la historia vital expuesta a mortalidad selectiva por pesca. Las estrategias vitales de las poblaciones actuales de los peces costeros, las cuales conjuntamente producen una reducción en el tamaño del individuo, son el reflejo de esta mortalidad selectiva en poblaciones con baja conectividad. Debido a la relación entre historia vital y comportamiento, la pesca puede también inducir cambios adaptativos en ciertos rasgos de comportamiento. Considerando los efectos negativos de la selección por pesca en al productividad y calidad de la pesquería, esta tesis recomienda considerara los posibles efectos evolutivos inducidos por la pesca en la estrategias de gestión de especies explotadas por la pesca recreativa.
Sabino, Magali. "Bioaccumulation of trace elements in Seychelles marine food webs." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS026.
Full textFood security, that is guarantying food supply and quality while sustainably managing resources, is closely linked to knowing the biology and ecology of consumed species. In a context of global changes that are threatening seafood safety, it is thus necessary to establish baselines on marine ecosystem functioning, as well as nutrient availability and contamination occurrence in seafood. This is all the more important in Small Island Developing States (SIDS), where populations rely on marine resources for their subsistence, and where capture fisheries resources are the main sources of proteins and micronutrients (i.e. essential trace elements) in local populations’ diet. In spite of the importance of tropical systems in ensuring food security, they remain largely understudied compared to polar and temperate systems. This thesis thus aims to better understand the functioning of tropical marine systems, and to establish a baseline on micronutrient availability and metal(loid) contamination in a wide diversity of capture fisheries resources from the Seychelles (Western Indian Ocean), a tropical SIDS. By investigating trace element concentration patterns at the inter- and intraspecific levels, it was possible to identify intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing trace element bioaccumulation in tropical capture fisheries resources. We thus highlighted the importance of considering different scales (individual, species, and ecosystem) to better understand essential trace element availability and non-essential trace element occurrence in seafood
Pacoureau, Nathan. "Influence de la variabilité climatique, de l’abondance de proies, de la densité-dépendance et de l'hétérogénéité individuelle chez des prédateurs supérieurs longévifs : de l’individu à la population." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS026/document.
Full textA fundamental endeavor in population ecology is to identify the drivers of population dynamics. The main objective of this thesis is to determine what are the demographic and population responses of superior marine predators to the fluctuations of their prey abundance, to climatic variations, to density-dependence while taking into account inter and intra individual heterogeneity (age, experience, sex, quality or strategy). To do this, we analysed long-term individual and population-based monitoring of long-lived seabirds and phylogenetically close apical predators in two contrasting biomes: the south polar skua Catharacta maccormicki at Pointe Géologie archipelago, Antarctica, and the brown skua Catharacta lonnbergi on the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Archipelago. We will use direct abundance of their respective prey: Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae and emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri in Antarctica, and the blue petrel Halobaena caerulea and the thin-billed prion Pachyptila belcheri prion in Kerguelen islands. These datasets provide a unique opportunity to simultaneously disentangle and quantify the different sources of variability driving variation in natural populations occupying one of the highest trophic levels of the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic food webs. We found variation in several vital traits of both populations influenced by individual performance and latent individual heterogeneity. We discuss the mechanisms by which climatic variability, prey abundance, and population density can differentially affect the different age classes of each age class, and the potential consequences of future environmental changes
Tafnout, Fatna. "Modélisation du captage des polluants lors des opérations de meulage." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0185/document.
Full textThis study based at the same time in experimental and numerical aspect, is part of the framework to understand deeply the capture of pollutants on rotating machines and focuses especially on the characterization of the dispersion of fine particles generated by machining operations : i.e. these particles are assimilated as a passive tracer due to their negligible aerodynamic response time. The main objective covered by this study is to develop a numerical method of close capture exhausts systems for machining devices. The first task was to achieve an experimental device re-creating a similar grinding operation in a perfectly controlled environment. The flow used is defined as the one generated by a rotating cylinder in a ventilated test rig. A pollutant of particles, represented by spherical glass beads, is produced inside the test rig (by using a seeding system of particles), recreating therefore the aerodynamic effects of largest machining particles. A tracer gas, representing the fraction of fine particles, is injected simultaneously with the jet of particles through a capillary tube placed at the source. The properties of the jet of particles obtained are characterized by particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) allowing then to obtain data input and validation of numerical simulations. This particle tracking technic, developed in this study remains as robust method even in heavily loaded particles (i.e. the source region of the jet). The velocity field of the gas phase has meanwhile been characterized by particle image velocimetry (PIV), using a code developed specifically for this assay (Belut 2006 [4]). The dispersion of a tracer gas (sulfur hexafluoride - SF6) emitted simultaneously with the jet of particles is then studied experimentally : the dispersion of such a gas is indeed considered representative of finest particles which aerodynamic response time is negligible. Finally, a complete modeling of the experimental test rig is performed to allow comparison with experimental results in order to progress in the validation of models used to describe the dispersion of a tracer gas representative of finest particles. The commercial soft ware FLUENT is used for numerical simulations
Al-Wajeeh, Taha. "Efficient radio channel modeling for urban wireless sensors networks." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2314.
Full textModeling the radio channel in an accurate way is a key element of any wireless systems. Deterministic models offer a good degree of precision at the cost of high computational complexity, which is prohibitive for wireless sensor network (WSN) simulators because they involve many sensor nodes in a city-wide scale. Within this context, the objective of this thesis is to propose efficient, fast, and accurate deterministic methods for modeling electromagnetic waves by finding the best time-accuracy trade-offs that guarantee accuracy under tight time constraints. The study was first subdivided into two modes according to the dominant propagation mechanism. In microcell configurations, the proposed approach is a ray-tracing model based on the visibility technique. It adopts a set of acceleration techniques to reduce the complexity with a minimal loss of precision. With the same objective, the vertical propagation was addressed to include the most significant contributions. Finally, these models were integrated into a WSN simulator to provide realistic and accurate results for smart city applications. The importance of using accurate models in WSN simulators is illustrated in terms of some network parameters
Winkler, Martin. "Vliv polohy zesíleného štěrbinového sacího nástavce nad pracovním stolem na účinnost odsávání." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230424.
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