Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Capteur de particules'
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Grall, Simon. "Microcapteurs de particules à base de micropoutres pour le contrôle de la qualité de l'air dans un véhicule automobile." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0038/document.
Full textFine particulate matters (PM) have a real impact on the quality of life and health of millions of people in large urban areas, especially in Asia. In order to detect them and quantify their concentration, optical PM sensors are the most widely studied, but remain relatively expensive and bulky. MEMS microcantilever transducers are widely used for gravimetric applications, for PM or gas detection, which requires high mass sensitivities (Sm) and low limits of detection (LOD). A solution is to focus on microcantilevers with high resonance frequencies (f0) and quality factors (Q), low measurement noise and low masses. Silicon microcantilevers are commonly used as gravimetric sensors and are serious candidates to meet the desired characteristics. However, screen printing has the potential for cheaper, faster and large scale manufacturing. Such microcantilevers can be actuated and f0 read-out using the piezoelectric effect. Although promising lead-free inorganic solutions exist, titanium lead zirconate (PZT) ceramics still have the best properties among piezoelectric materials. Screen-printed microcantilevers manufactured in hybrid thick-film technology, with integrated piezoelectric actuation and read-out, released using a polyester sacrificial layer and with co-firing of all the layers are presented here. Different geometries were tested from 1 mm to 2 mm wide and from 1 mm to 8 mm long, for a thickness of about 100 μm. A density ρ PZT = 7200 kg/m³ (≈ 93%ρ PZT bulk) was obtained. With a 1×2×0.1 mm³ microcantilever, a sensitivity Sm ≈ 85 Hz/μm and a LOD of 70 ng were found, compatible with applications in PM mass detection
Grondin, Didier. "Développement d'un capteur de suies pour application automobile - Etude des paramètres clés affectant sa réponse." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEM012/document.
Full textRoad transport contributes to a part of the particulate matter emissions, especially in big cities. Due to the negative effect of these pollutants on the human health and environment, more and more stringent emission standards for automotive are applied. These emissions are now limited in number of particles per kilometer and the vehicle need to indicate when there is some failure of the systems of depollution (OBD: On-Board diagnostic).Resistive sensors have shown good results to measure soot particles mass concentration. They have advantage of being a simple and robust technology that can be easily manufactured at a cheap price. The sensor principle consists of conductance measurement between two platinum electrodes. Conductance increases with soot deposition. This work aims to define the key parameters that affect the sensors response. Three particles flow with different particles size distributions (centered at 90, 70 and 50 nm) were used and characterized. A fourth flow was used to see the impact of a lower mass concentration. The sensor response exposed to these different flows was studied. It was shown that the sensor sensibility and response times are optimal for a given polarization voltage between the electrodes whose value depends on the size distribution. This phenomenon was explained by the different electrical properties of the soot particles and modeled by equilibrium of soot accumulation and their combustion by Joule heating that permitting to simulate the sensor temporal response
Despeisse, Matthieu. "Etude et caractérisation d'un capteur en silicium amorphe hydrogéné déposé sur circuit intégré pour la détection de particules et de rayonnements." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0017/these.pdf.
Full textPour les futures expériences de physique des hautes énergies au laboratoire européen de physique des particules (CERN), des technologies de détection alternatives aux détecteurs silicium actuels seront nécessaires. Le travail effectué dans cette thèse présente les performances et les limitations d'une nouvelle technologie de détection. Celle-ci est basée sur la déposition d'un capteur en silicium amorphe hydrogéné directement sur circuit intégré, présentant ainsi un haut degré d'intégration. Le travail présenté comprend l'optimisation et le développement de circuits intégrés pour la caractérisation de cette technologie dite " Thin-Film on ASIC ". L'interface entre le capteur déposé et le circuit intégré a été caractérisée pour comprendre en détail la méthode de segmentation du détecteur. L'induction d'un signal par le passage d'une particule chargée ou d'un rayonnement au travers du capteur a été démontrée et étudiée. La vitesse et l'amplitude du signal induit, ainsi que la résistance à de hauts niveaux de radiations ont été particulièrement appréciées. Le travail présenté démontre la faisabilité du concept de détection proposé et d'intéressantes propriétés de cette technologie pour diverses applications de détection, mais révèlent cependant différentes limitations pour d'éventuelles applications pour la physique des particules
Next generation experiments at the European laboratory of particle physics (CERN) require particle detector alternatives to silicon detectors. This thesis presents such a novel detector technology, which is based on the deposition of a hydrogenated amorphous silicon sensor on top of an integrated circuit. Performance and limitations of this technology have been assessed for the first time in this thesis in the context of particle detectors. Specific integrated circuits have been designed and the detector segmentation, the interface sensor – chip and the sensor leakage current have been studied in details. The signal induced by the track of an ionizing particle in the sensor has been characterized and results on the signal speed, amplitude and on the sensor resistance to radiation are presented. The results are promising regarding the use of this novel technology for radiation detection, though limitations have been shown for particle physics application
Despeisse, Matthieu Gontrand Christian. "Etude et caractérisation d'un capteur en silicium amorphe hydrogéné déposé sur circuit intégré pour la détection de particules et de rayonnements." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2006. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=despeisse.
Full textRoosz, Nicolas. "Elaboration de particules composites silice-polyaniline en vue d'applications environnementales." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD083/document.
Full textOrganic/inorganic hybrid materials have received much attention in recent years such as in the field of nano-materials. Indeed, these materials possess unique physical and chemical properties due to the synergistic effect of both components. In particular, silica nanoparticles (SiO2) present interesting properties, such as good chemical and thermal stabilities. They can be prepared in different size and can be easily chemically modified. Intrinsically conducting polymers such as polythiophene and polyaniline (PANI) can exist in different oxidation states and respond to external stimuli by changing one of their characteristics (color, conductivity, …). PANI is a non-toxic, thermally stable and low cost polymer with relatively high conductivity that has been used as antistatic coating, electrode materials, corrosion inhibitor and active layer of sensors. Since the discovery of conducting polymer in 1977, several works have been carried out on the preparation, characterization and applications of polymeric films build on various surfaces like silica. Among the different kinds of composites that exist, inorganic-polymer core-shell nanoparticles are more promising candidates. In this study, we decided to work on the synthesis of core@shell hybrid compounds based on PANI shells and silica nanoparticles cores.In the literature, using similar experimental protocols, two morphologies have been obtained after chemical polymerization of aniline in the presence of silica particles: core@shell and raspberry (inverted structure with PANI as core). We thus decided to reinvestigate the synthesis of PANI in the presence of silica particles. For this, we first synthesized silica particles with different sizes by Stöber process. We then performed the chemical polymerization of aniline in the presence of these naked silica particles under different conditions: temperature, concentration of reactive. However, in all cases, we never managed to obtain core@shell structures. Finally, we succeed in developing a method to prepare these core@shell particles which relies on the functionalization of the SiO2 by alkoxysilanes followed by the polymerization of aniline at room temperature. A series of core-shell particles with tunable PANI thickness has been prepared by this method. The last part of this work deals with the first tests that have been carried out in order to use these composites SiO2@PANi for environmental applications. Two applications have been considered, the adsorption of metals for the particle appearance and the detection of gas for the conductive capacities of the PANI
Deptuch, Grzegorz. "Développement d'un capteur de nouvelle génération et son électronique intégrée pour les collisionneurs futurs." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011109.
Full textReynaud, Adrien. "Compréhension et modélisation des mécanismes de captation des aérosols par couplage des phénomènes aérodynamiques et électriques." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEM029.
Full textUltrafine soot particle emissions from thermal engines have harmful health effects. Since Euro 3 standard, EOBD regulation obliges vehicules to perform the on-board diagnostic of their own aftertreatment system. Since Euro 6b standard, the particle number (PN) emitted from Diesel and gasoline engines is regulated. Resistive sensors evaluate a particulate matter (PM) of soot threshold exceedance. The nanoparticles are collected between interdigitated electrodes, building bridgelike micro-structures of which. Although their robustness and their low production cost make the resistive soot sensor a good candidate for the Diesel particulate filter diagnosis, the current understanding does not allow to access PN.The objective of this work is to study the deposit mechanisms leading to the soot micro-structures. Particles have been classified according to their diameters in an experimental approach thanks to two different techniques : the electrostaticclassification and the aerodynamic classification. Those methods allow the study the sensor behaviour to monodisperse aerosol between 60 and 150 nm.Finally, a model for understanding the soot micro-structures construction have been developed. Soot particles are tracked until their deposit on the electrodes, which is coupled with the electric and aerodynamic fields computation. This approach is inspired by a model from the literature and is extended by a mechanism called dielectrophoresis, which provides a better understanding of the micro-structures construction. The influence of particle size was studied to explain trends observed experimentally
Suwannin, Patcharapan. "Smart polymeric nanoparticles-based immunodiagnostic platform and biosensor for leptospira detection." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10180.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to develop a detection tool for leptospiral bacteria capable of detecting them in various samples, such as human urine and blood, as well as water and soil from the environment. The development of a rapid leptospirosis detection method, based on the principle of latex particle agglutination, involved the preparation of polystyrene latex sensitized by adsorption of anti-leptospira antibodies. This method, based on visual observation, demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of leptospira in environmental water samples. Additionally, to increase sensitivity, an electrochemical sensor based on the use of a specific oligonucleotide sequence was employed to detect leptospiral DNA in artificial urine samples. The developed sensor showed very good sensitivity, indicating a detection limit below the attomole (aM) level and no cross-reactions with other bacteria contaminating the urine. This thesis proposes detection methods ranging from simple macroscopic detection to the use of an electrochemical sensor for sensitive and specific detection
Chander, Bhan Chander Bhan. "Photonics-based environmental sensors for automotive air quality monitoring." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ISAL0120.
Full textThis thesis explores photonic integrated circuit (PIC) devices based on a silicon nitride (SiN) platform, focusing on their potential for airborne particle detection, a key component of air quality index (AQI) sensors. The bulk sensitivity of the ring resonators (MRR) in these devices enables detection of low particle concentrations, while the optical forces enable size-specific trapping of particles. To address the challenges of trapping dielectric particles smaller than 100 nm, this research explores various photonic structures, including dielectric waveguides, higher-order mode (HOM) resonators and hybrid plasmonic waveguides. The study includes their design, fabrication and compatibility with industrial platforms such as STMicroelectronics' DAPHNE. Optical force analysis, using methods such as Maxwell's stress tensor (MST) and discrete dipole approximation (DDA), provides a rigorous framework for optimizing the design and evaluating different structures.The findings underscore the potential of HOM waveguides and hybrid plasmonic waveguides for advanced optical trapping and AQI sensing, paving the way for innovative approaches to environmental monitoring applications
Sarrot, Vincent. "Capture de fines particules par des inclusions fluides." Toulouse, INSA, 2006. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000189/.
Full textThis study focuses on the collision mechanism between a spherical bubble and particles when the particle diameter remains less than some percents of the bubble diameter. This situation corresponds to the first step of the particle capture in flotation processes. The efficiency determination is based on experimental measurements and Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). Experimentally, a single bubble flotation cell has been build for the purpose of measuring capture efficiency. Small spherical bubbles are created by a capillary tube and then arise through a suspension capturing glass particles. Captured particles are recovered by overflow and are counted in a particle counter. Results are analysed and the magnitude is favorably compared to those of Ralston et al. (1999a). Efficiencies exhibit a general decreasing trend with particle to bubble diameters ratio dp/db, in opposition to the trend analytically predicted by collision efficiency models in litterature. This effect seems to be due to wetting properties of particles. Numerically, the flow around the bubbles is computed and particle trajectories determined. Particle with Stokes number less than 1 follow the streamlines. In this case, the collision efficiency only depends on the shape of the streamlines and on the size of the particles. Numerical simulations have been performed over large parameter ranges (particle to bubble diameters ratio, Reynolds number of the bubble and the degree of contamination of the bubble surface). The collision efficiency is found to increase with the Reynolds number and significantly decrease with the level of contamination. For clean (respectively fully contaminated) spherical bubbles, the efficiency evolves as dp/db (respectively (dp/db)2), whatever the bubble Reynolds number and the particle size. For partially contaminated bubbles, efficiency can be scaled with dp/db or (dp/db)2 depending on both the level of contamination and the particle size. Correlations of the numerical results are proposed for efficiencies versus dp/db, bubble Reynolds number and interface contamination degree
Witschger, Olivier. "Étude théorique et expérimentale des facteurs physiques d'échantillonnage des polluants particulaires : application aux capteurs à fente annulaire." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120029.
Full textRavotti, Federico. "Développement et caractérisation de capteurs pour la métrologie du rayonnement dans les expériences du futur accélérateur LHC du CERN." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20149.
Full textVignetti, Matteo Maria. "Development of a 3D Silicon Coincidence Avalanche Detector (3D-SiCAD) for charged particle tracking." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI017/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to develop a novel position sensitive charged particle detector referred to as "3D Silicon Coincidence Avalanche Detector" (3D-SiCAD). The working principle of this novel device relies on a "time-coincidence" mode detection between a pair of vertically aligned Geiger-mode avalanche diodes, with the aim of achieving negligible noise levels with respect to detectors based on conventional avalanche diodes, such as Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPM), and, at the same time, providing single charged particle detection capability thanks to the high charge multiplication gain, inherent of the Geiger-mode operation. A 3D-SiCAD could be particularly suitable for nuclear physics applications, in the field of High Energy Physics experiments and emerging Medical Physics applications such as hadron-therapy and Proton Computed Tomography whose future developments demand unprecedented figures in terms of material budget, noise, spatial resolution, radiation hardness, power consumption and cost-effectiveness. In this work, a 3D-SiCAD demonstrator has been successfully developed and fabricated in the Austria Micro-Systems High-Voltage 0.35 μm CMOS technology by adopting a “flip-chip” approach for the 3D-assembling. The characterization results allowed demonstrating the feasibility of this novel device and validating the expected performances in terms of excellent particle detection efficiency and noise rejection capability with respect to background counts
Li, Yan. "Recherche et Développement de Capteurs Actifs Monolithiques CMOS pour la Détection de Particules Elémentaires." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112118.
Full textIn order to develop high spatial resolution and readout speed vertex detectors for the future International Linear Collider (ILC), fast CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) are studied on this work. Two prototypes of MAPS, MIMOSA 8 and MIMOSA 16, based on the same micro-electronic architecture were developed in CMOS processes with different thickness of epitaxial layer. The size of pixel matrix is 32x128: 8 columns of the pixel array are readout directly with analog outputs and the other 24 columns are connected to the column level auto-zero discriminators. The Correlated Double Sampling (CDS) structures are successfully implemented inside pixel and discriminator. The photo diode type pixels with different diode sizes are used in these prototypes. With a 55Fe X ray radioactive source, the important parameters, such as Temporal Noise, Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Charge-to-Voltage conversion Factor (CVF) and Charge Collection Efficiency (CCE), are studied as function of readout speed and diode size. For MIMOSA 8, the effect of fast neutrons irradiation is also. Two beam tests campaigns were made: at DESY with a 5 GeV electrons beam and at CERN with a 180 GeV pions beam. Detection Efficiency and Spatial Resolution are studied in function of the discriminator threshold. For these two parameters, the influences of diode size and SNR of the central pixel of a cluster are also discussed. In order to improve the spatial resolution of the digital outputs, a very compact (25µmx1mm) and low consumption (300 µW) column level ADC is designed in AMS 0. 35 µm OPTO process. Based on successive approximation architecture, the auto-offset cancellation structure is integrated. A new column level auto-zero discriminator using static latch is also designed
Rodriguez, Jean-Alain. "Capture de particules sous l'influence de forces extérieures par des éléments d'échangeur thermique." Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPG0105.
Full textVeyret, Raphaël. "Elaboration de particules magnétiques pour la capture spécifique et non spécifique d'acides nucléiques et pour la capture générique de virus." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10157.
Full textMikart, Maëva. "Capture, par mousse aqueuse, de particules micrométriques dispersées par explosif. Étude expérimentale et numérique Analyse de la projection de particules en milieu diphasique." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESMA0022.
Full textIn order to improve the protection of goods and persons, the CEA (The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission) is interested in aqueous foams for their ability to mitigate a detonation. The objectives are, on one hand, to mitigate the blast effects related to the detonation of an explosive device and, on the other hand, to capture the potentially harmful micrometric solid particles that can be emitted. Aqueous foam is a two-phase medium, assemblies of gas bubbles, encapsulated in a matrix of liquid films and nodes, called Plateau Edges. We are interested in so-called dry foams, i.e. with a volume fraction of liquid phase less than 5 %.The aim of this thesis is to understand the phenomena underlying the second problem, by carrying out experimental campaigns, and to develop a numerical tool to simulate them. The thesis work is divided into two main parts. The first concerns the dispersion and the slowing down, in intact foam, of micrometric particles dispersed by mechanical impulse. First,a numerical model of slowing of micrometric particles in this medium has been developed. In a second time, experimental campaigns carried out, one in a shock tube at a CEAs facility, and the other, in an electric plasma gun at the Pprime Institute, highlighted the attenuator character of the foam, in terms of particle dispersion. They are also used to formulate drag laws in this medium. The second part deals with the capture, by the aqueous foam, of micrometric particles dispersed by explosive. Two campaigns were conducted for this purpose, at CEA / Gramat, to quantify the rate of particles captured by a foam confinement. Thus, a parametric study was carried with various explosive charge masses, particles masses, particle sizes and aqueous confinement sizes. These results attest to the efficiency of this two-phase medium in the capture of micrometric particles. The comparison of these experimental results with those resulting from a two-dimensional multiphasic Eulerian code, developed in parallel, made it possible to ascertain the aptitude of this code to predict, not only the phenomenology of the blast waves in the presence of particles, but also the dispersion and the capture of these particles by aqueous foam
Houmed, adabo Ali. "Greffage chimique et électrochimique de nanoparticules d'or : vers des capteurs plus sensibles." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2065/document.
Full textLouvet, Nicolas. "Étude multi-échelles du transport de particules dans les mousses liquides." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541198.
Full textEster, Edward T. "Spatial capture following attentional engagement particular to certain classes of stimuli? /." Click here for download, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/villanova/fullcit?p1435583.
Full textPillet, Nicolas. "Conception et intégration de convertisseurs analogique/numérique, compacts, à bas bruit, adaptés aux capteurs CMOS destinés à la détection de particules chargées." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/PILLET_Nicolas_2010.pdf.
Full textDevelopment of CMOS sensors has grown exponentially in the world of instrumentation in the past years because of their ability to integrate a sensitive element and the associated readout electronics on the same substrate at a low price. The CMOS-ILC team of IPHC has developed matrix of CMOS pixels for detectors used in particle physics for the last ten years. While using this kind of detectors for trajectometry, it could be interesting to raise the spatial resolution of the detectors. It could be fulfilled by implementing analog to digital converter (ADC) in the bottom of the column’s matrix. These ADCs must response to very strong constraint in term of dimension, conversion speed and power consumption. Three prototypes of ADCs with different architectures have been developed in order to respond to these specifications. The first one is a double numerical ramp ADC, the second one is a successive approximation ADC and the last one is an ADC with a progressive resolution. Three chips with these different architectures have been submitted and tested. The results have led to a comparison of the different technics in use in this particular field
Lalucaa, Valérian. "Etude des effets singuliers produits par les particules énergétiques chargées de l’environnement radiatif spatial sur les capteurs d’images CMOS." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0042/document.
Full textThis thesis studies the single event effects of space environment in CMOS image sensors (CIS). This work focuses on the effects of heavy ions on 3T standard photodiode pixels, and 4T and 5T pinned photodiode pixels. The first part describes the space radioactive environment and the sensor architecture. The most harmful events (SEL and SETs) are identified thanks to the scientific literature. The experimentally tested sensors agree with the theoretical work. SETs are compared to STARDUST simulations with a good agreement for all ions and sensors. The work explains why the SETs on 3T pixels are insensitive to the various photodiode designs, and they are decreased when an epitaxial substrate is used. A method using anti-blooming was successfully used in 4T and 5T pixels to prevent the spread of the SETs. The mechanism of latchup in 4T pixel sensors is described. All the identified mechanisms are very useful to provide hardening methods for the CISs
Chéron, Victor. "Couplage de la méthode de capture d'interface et de particules lagrangiennes pour la simulation de l'atomisation." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR097.
Full textThe study of the liquid jet’s atomization consisting of two immiscible phases is a fundamental research subject. The main motivations linked to the study of these phenomena are the numerous applications resulting from them. For example, in the study of the propagation of a spray within a combustion chamber or for pharmaceutical applications. Their study is carried out by a theoretical, experimental and numerical approach. Each of these techniques faces its own limitations: in the numerical study, the treatment of the droplets resulting from the jet break is a limiting factor due to the size ratio introduced. This thesis manuscript presents the coupling between an Eulerian interface treatment method and a Lagrangian particle transport method, proposing a multi-scale approach to atomization. The numerical solver Archer is used to transport a two-phase flow and to study its evolution, solving the incompressible Navier Stokes equations. The interface separating the two phases is represented by a method combining precision and robustness, the Volume of Fluid/Level-Set coupling. The discretization of the Navier Stokes equations and the transport of the interface is presented in the first part of this manuscript. This introduces the weaknesses of this method due to the multi-scale aspect of the atomized jets: the low precision of the transport of the drops resulting from the secondary atomization. The second section of this manuscript is dedicated to the introduction of Lagrangian drop transport, different approaches are implemented and validated within the computational code Archer. Then, the coupling between the Eulerien and Lagrangian solver, validated from numerical experiments, is introduced. The latter aim to present the methodology implemented to validate the coupling while respecting the conservation of time and mass. This method is then applied to academic cases to introduce the parameterization allowing the junction between the Eulerien and Lagrangien solvers. Finally, the developed method is applied to the study of an atomized jet of crossflow configuration, used in gas turbine or ramjet. The results obtained demonstrate the possibilities related to the Eulerien/Lagrangien coupling, both on the physical and numerical aspects, opening up a model of drop breakup under Lagrangien transport
Benesse, Marc. "Filtration sur médias fibreux tissés en traitement d'air : Contribution à l'étude de la capture des particules." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2014.
Full textIn order to develop an adsorption/filtration combined system for air treatment, this study proposes to characterise and model the filtration properties of an activated carbon fabric (ACF) usually used in COV treatment by adsorption. After the conception and the experimental validation of the setup, the characterisation of filter properties for solid particulate matter (PM10) capture shows the advantage to use multi layers of ACF to increase filter efficiency. Moreover, a model is elaborated to predict the global collection efficiency of woven fibrous medium in stationary filtration regime. Finally, a numerical model of flow through a woven fibrous medium associated with forces balance equation acting on particles is used to calculate the particles trajectories. This study helps to identify particles capture mechanisms in action and to localise clogging areas on the fabric
Lancereau, Quentin. "Modélisation d'un collecteur électrostatique compact en régime laminaire pour la capture de bio-particules submicroniques aéroportées." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENI111/document.
Full textDetection of airborne biological agents has become a major challenge especially in hospitals and the protection against bioterrorism. In this context, the miniaturization of analytical devices allows to consider their direct use in the field. To obtain a representative and concentrated sample, air filtration remains a delicate point. Among the various principles used to collect airborne particles, the use of electrical forces seems to be promising to improve performance beyond these of devices that are based on inertial forces.In this study, a detailed model of electrostatic collectors was developed in the wire/cylinder geometry. It first describes the hydrodynamic flow fields carring inclusions in which a corona discharge is imposed. Afterwards, the possible injection of steam into the collection chamber required the determination of the temperature and vapor concentration fields. An inspectionnal dimensional analysis justified the omission of two strong coupling terms. Therefore, in this study, the involved physical phenomena could be classified according to a non-reciprocal influences cascade and the numerical model is become simpler. Four different flow patterns, characterized by their electrohydrodynamic secondary flows, were identified and their impact on the collection efficiencies was quantified. In addition a design procedure of electrostatic filters, based on a representative efficiency Deutsch number, has been developed. This procedure shows the interest of parallelizing small collectors to filter important airflows. This study was completed by the analysis of the effects of steam into the collection chamber. It provides the basis for an explanation of the collection efficiencies increase related to this injection
Koziel, Michal. "Development of radiation hardened pixel sensors for charged particle detection." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6237.
Full textCMOS Pixel Sensors are being developed since a few years to equip vertex detectors for future high-energy physics experiments with the crucial advantages of a low material budget and low production costs. The features simultaneously required are a short readout time, high granularity and high tolerance to radiation. This thesis mainly focuses on the radiation tolerance studies. To achieve the targeted readout time (tens of microseconds), the sensor pixel readout was organized in parallel columns restricting in addition the readout to pixels that had collected the signal charge. The pixels became then more complex, and consequently more sensitive to radiation. Different in-pixel architectures were studied and it was concluded that the tolerance to ionizing radiation was limited to 300 krad with the 0. 35-um fabrication process currently used, while the targeted value was several Mrad. Improving this situation calls for implementation of the sensors in processes with a smaller feature size which naturally improve the radiation tolerance while simultaneously accommodate all the in-pixel microcircuitry in small pixels. Another aspect addressed in this thesis was the tolerance to non ionizing radiation, with a targeted value of >1013 neq/cm2. Different CMOS technologies featuring an enhanced signal collection were therefore investigated. It was demonstrated that this tolerance could be improved to 3•1013 neq/cm2 by the means of a high-resistivity epitaxial layer. This achievement triggered a new age of the CMOS pixel sensors and showed that their development is on a good track to meet the requirements of the particularly demanding CBM experiment
Huang, Zhujun. "Efficacité de Capture dans les Procédés de Flottation." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000335/.
Full textThis work is devoted to determine the efficiency of particles capture by the fluid inclusion (air bubble), which is the basis of the flotation process. This capture process, sometimes called heterocoagulation, combines the dynamics of particle-bubble collision and film drainage with the thermodynamics of the interfacial forces which link the bubble and the particles forming an aggregate. With the aim of better understanding of different mechanisms, the study is based on direct numerical simulation (DNS) by using the code JADIM of IMFT and the experimental approach is performed by the local visualization and various measurements. The numerical study focuses on the collision of the capture process. The resolution of Navier- Stokes equations gives the local flow field around a bubble and the Lagrangian tracking of a particle in this flow field allows us to find out the critical trajectory that determines the collision efficiency. The numerical simulations cover a wide range of the parameters which characterize this problem (bubble’s Reynolds number, particle to bubble size ratio, particle’s Stokes number, particle to bubble terminal velocity ratio and bubble surface contamination level). The collision efficiency increases with the bubble’s Reynolds number and the particle to bubble size ratio. Particle’s inertia has a positive effect for large Stokes numbers, which leads a significant augmentation of the collision efficiency. Meanwhile for small Stokes numbers, a negative inertial effect has been observed, known as centrifuge force that pushes the particles from the bubble surface and therefore reduces the collision efficiency. Bubble’s surface mobility (surface contamination level) shows an important impact on the collision efficiency, because it totally changes the liquid flow around the bubble. On the experimental point of view, direct visualization of the interaction between the bubble and the particles allows us to link the stagnant cap model and surface coverage of the bubble by the captured particles. The later one reduces the bubble rising velocity during the particles capture, since on one hand, the captured particles reduced the bubble’s buoyancy by increases the bubbles affective density, and on the other hand, the change of interface mobility results in an important increase of bubble drag force. A new experimental approach to measure the capture efficiency is established based on the relationship between the bubble rising velocity, the surface covered by particles and the number of particles captured. The comparison between the experimental values with those given by the numerical simulation shows a good agreement
Ciuraru, Raluca. "Étude de la réactivité du chlore atomique avec des particules d’aérosol d’intérêt atmosphérique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10142/document.
Full textThe atmosphere is an oxidizing environment in which the homogeneous phase reactions initiated by radical species (OH in particular) are dominant. Atomic chlorine could be the most important oxidant in the marine boundary layer at dawn when the concentration of OH radicals is low. The atmosphere is loaded with aerosol particles, on the surface of which reactive collisions can occur at the gas / solid or gas / liquid interfaces. It is therefore important to take into account the basic mechanisms of heterogeneous chemistry for a better description of atmospheric chemical and physical processes. The objective of this thesis is to study the reactivity between chlorine atoms and particles representative of sea salts (NaCl and synthetic sea salts). Measurements have also been carried out with ammonium sulfate and nitrate particles, the major components in the secondary particles formed by the condensation of gaseous species of anthropogenic origin. The principle is to put a gas phase in contact with a solid surface in a coated wall flow tube reactor and microwave discharge coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The contact time between the two phases can be varied inside the reactor. In this work, we have measured the reaction rate and determined the uptake coefficient of these reactions and the possible products formed. Several parameters have been studied: the concentration, the temperature and the presence or absence of surface adsorbed water. The solid surface was analyzed after reaction by advanced microscopy techniques (XPS, TOF SIMS) during this study
Dahoumane, Mokrane. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation de l’électronique intégrée de lecture et de codage des signaux des détecteurs de particules chargées à pixels actifs en technologie CMOS." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6236.
Full textThe future big experiments for exploring the fundamental laws of the Nature (e. G. International Linear Collider, ILC) require Vertex Detectors of high spatial resolution and granularity, very thin and radio-tolerant, which are out of reach of the current detection technologies. This observation is at the origin of the development of a novel technology, CMOS Active Pixel Sensors. The spatial resolution of the sensor is a major performance. It results from the sharing of the charges created by a charged particle when it crosses -and ionizes- the sensitive volume. The encoding of the charge collected by each pixel bases on an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter), which must be integrated on the substrate sheltering the sensitive volume of the sensor. This ADC must be precise, compact, fast and dissipating low power. The objective through this thesis was to design an ADC fulfilling these conflicting requirements. First, several architectures of a sample-hold-amplifier were studied for conditioning the low signal coming from the pixel. An original architecture of this stage was designed. The pipelined architecture was chosen to develop the ADC. The basic configuration 1. 5 bit/stage was implemented to test the validity of the concept, because it allows minimizing the constraints of each single stage. We optimized the ADC pipelined architecture by introducing the double sampling concept on a configuration of 2. 5 bits/stage, this allowed to minimize the dimensions and the power. The double sampling combined with the 1. 5 bit inter-stage resolution constituted a second improvement of the ADC architecture. A new architecture of the ADC adapted to the pixel command sequence was proposed
Higueret, Stéphane. "Développement d'un dosimètre électronique compact à base de capteurs CMOS pour la mesure du radon." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00391848.
Full textBelredon, Xavier. "Collection de charges induites par des particules lourdes dans les APS : influence des paramètres de conception." École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ESAE0016.
Full textGuillot-Noel, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude des polarisabilités induites par les interactions atomiques dans l'hélium." Angers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ANGE0030.
Full textOrdóñez, Malla Freddy. "Optimisation d'un récepteur solaire haute température à polydispersion de particules." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1072/document.
Full textSolar Particle Receivers (SPRs) are promising candidates to work at high temperatures (T > 1100 K) in Central Solar Power (CSP) plants. They will permit the use of high efficient thermodynamic cycles, such as a combined cycle (Brayton cycle + Rankine cycle). Nevertheless, the optimal conditions that reduce the receiver losses (and consequently maximize the receiver efficiency) still remain to be studied. In this work, the principal parameters that drive the receiver efficiency are numerically optimized. For this end, a simplified radiative model is developed, which allows one to run the high number of simulations needed in such optimization. This model consists in a 1D slab of particulate media submitted to a collimated and concentrated solar flux. The medium emits, absorbs and anisotropically scatters energy. A two-stream method with a delta-Eddington approximation is implemented to fast solve the radiative transfer equation. Among the several two-stream approximations, the one proposed by Joseph et al. (1976) is chosen due to its good treatment of the anisotropic scattering. The volume optical properties are computed under the independent scattering hypothesis, the single-particle optical properties with the Lorenz-Mie theory and the phase function with the Henyey-Greenstein phase function. Such a model is used with a Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm to find the optimal particle size, volume fraction and complex refractive index to be used in the receiver. Once the ideal optimal conditions for a SPR are found, the replication of these results is attempted by using real materials. Six materials (HfB2, ZrB2, HfC, ZrC, W and SiC) are chosen because of their spectral selective behavior or their high absorptivity. At this stage, an important difficulty is the lack of information about the refractive indexes of materials. Therefore, the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations are utilized to find the refractive indexes from reflectance data. Then, three SPR configurations are considered: (1) a homogeneous medium with only one kind of particles, (2) a medium with a mixture of two materials and, (3) a homogeneous medium with coated particles. The three configuration results are compared with those obtained using particles made of an ideal material. A remarkable result is obtained when W-particles coated with SiC are used. This configuration decreases the radiative losses approaching to the ideal minimal. Finally, the influence of the fluid flow on the radiative losses is studied through the implementation of a convection-radiation heat transfer model. A simple geometry is adopted for a gas-particles mixture flow between two parallel plates, where one of them is a window. The concentrated solar radiation then affects perpendicularly the fluid flow. The energy equation is solved using a low-Mach approximation and the divergence of the radiative flux with the radiative model developed before. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of the optical properties on the radiative losses. In the future, more materials remain to be investigated to be used in solar particle receivers. To this end, the refractive indexes of a number of materials should be measured. The developed codes will be useful for this investigation
Gérard, Benoît. "Synergie des capteurs POLDER et MODIS pour la télédétection des aérosols troposphériques : altimétrie des aérosols au-dessus des continents." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Gerard.pdf.
Full textChassard, Guillaume. "Interaction de l’ozone avec des particules carbonées : cinétiques de capture, dégradation des HAP et impact sur la réponse inflammatoire épithéliale." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10140/document.
Full textSoot particles, ubiquitous in the urban atmosphere, exhibit extreme chemical and morphological complexity. Adsorbed on their surface, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have a proven pulmonary toxicity. During atmospheric transport, they may, through oxidation and photolysis process, form oxygenated and nitrated products about which health impacts are not well known. We propose to characterize the atmospheric aging of soot particles and to study the impact of aging on the lungs. This work deals with the generation of soot models particles; laboratory simulation of aging by exposures to ozone; and the study of the inflammatory effects of aged or not particles on lung cells. In a first step a carbonaceous aerosol has been exposed to ozone in a flow reactor. The influences of contact time, initial ozone concentration, relative humidity, UV radiations and particle size were studied. The role of the atomic oxygen in the reaction mechanism was also evaluated. Then the heterogeneous reactivity between PAHs adsorbed on carbonaceous particles and ozone has been investigated. Degradation kinetics of particulate PAHs were thus performed. Finally, we studied the inflammatory response of PAHs alone or in particulate phase on lung cells by assay of pro-inflammatory interleukins. The effect of aging models particles and the role of pulmonary surfactant were evaluated
Chassard, Guillaume. "Interaction de l’ozone avec des particules carbonées : cinétiques de capture, dégradation des HAP et impact sur la réponse inflammatoire épithéliale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10140.
Full textSoot particles, ubiquitous in the urban atmosphere, exhibit extreme chemical and morphological complexity. Adsorbed on their surface, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have a proven pulmonary toxicity. During atmospheric transport, they may, through oxidation and photolysis process, form oxygenated and nitrated products about which health impacts are not well known. We propose to characterize the atmospheric aging of soot particles and to study the impact of aging on the lungs. This work deals with the generation of soot models particles; laboratory simulation of aging by exposures to ozone; and the study of the inflammatory effects of aged or not particles on lung cells. In a first step a carbonaceous aerosol has been exposed to ozone in a flow reactor. The influences of contact time, initial ozone concentration, relative humidity, UV radiations and particle size were studied. The role of the atomic oxygen in the reaction mechanism was also evaluated. Then the heterogeneous reactivity between PAHs adsorbed on carbonaceous particles and ozone has been investigated. Degradation kinetics of particulate PAHs were thus performed. Finally, we studied the inflammatory response of PAHs alone or in particulate phase on lung cells by assay of pro-inflammatory interleukins. The effect of aging models particles and the role of pulmonary surfactant were evaluated
Bounaceur, Arezki. "Interaction lit fluidisé de particules solides-rayonnement solaire concentré pour la mise au point d’un procédé de chauffage de gaz à plus de 1000 K." Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/5281/01/These-Bounaceur.pdf.
Full textAt the moment the traditional fossil energy (oil, coal. . . ) are beginning to run out, causing humanity to seek other sources of energy to meet his needs. Nature holds many sources of inexhaustible and clean energy like solar energy, biomass and wind energy. The availability of solar energy, its free and renewal encourage its collection and use. Solar energy can be collected for various uses as conducting an endothermic chemical reaction or production of electricity. The production of solar electricity is made by photovoltaic processes or by thermodynamic processes. Those have an interesting performance, but are currently limited by temperature steam cycles. One solution is to heat a gas at very high temperatures at the entrance of a gas turbine. The work presented in this report describes a process of collecting concentrated solar energy based on a change section fluidized bed. The collection of solar energy is directly through a transparent quartz window. The design of our solar receiver is based on two studies. The first enable us to cold test several transparent columns with different geometries and dimensions to optimize the distribution of particles during fluidization. This study enable us to choose the dimensions and geometry of the solar receiver. In parallel, we made a first receiver artificial illumination by infrared lamps. We have designed the receiver in RAPSODEE laboratory of the Ecole des Mines d'Albi. It helped us to verify the feasibility of the process and to have the first results of the hot fluidized bed. The solar receiver was then tested in 4. 6 m solar concentrator of PROMES-CNRS Odeillo. During our work we studied experimentally and numerically heat transfer in the fluidized bed and the influence of various physical parameters for the effectiveness of the receiver. A mathematical model of radiative transfer based on the Monte Carlo Method in 1 D was achieved. The model is used to determine the distribution of heat in the different layers of the fluidized bed and the radiative losses. We conclude for the relevance of our choice in this work and the perspectives. Key words : concentrated solar radiation, fluidized bed, hot gas, solar receiver, radiative heat transfer, Monte Carlo Method
Blaisot, Jean-Bernard. "Développement d'une méthode de mesure simultanée de la taille et de la position de particules dans un écoulement turbulent." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUES028.
Full textDreyfus, Rémi. "Filaments magnétiques : application à la conception de capteurs de forces et de nageurs microscopiques artificiels." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011193.
Full textLe premier chapitre décrit la conception d'un capteur de forces intercolloïdales. Nous présentons différentes expériences permettant de caractériser les particules utilisées. Nous décrivons ensuite la réalisation du montage expérimental et le traitement des données. Enfin, nous comparons cette technique aux autres techniques.
Le second chapitre décrit la conception et la réalisation de nageurs à l'échelle microscopique. Nous fabriquons des filaments magnétiques flexibles en alignant des particules sous l'effet d'un champ magnétique. Les particules adjacentes sont reliées par des agents pontants. Nous avons étudié le comportement de ces filaments sous champ. Sous l'effet d'un champ magnétique oscillant, le filament se déforme : une onde se propage alors le long du filament, ce qui engendre une force propulsive, dont nous démontrons l'effet sur un nageur spermatomorphe. Enfin, nous vérifions des prédictions théoriques antérieures.
Chu, Tien Dat. "Dynamique sédimentaire en zone côtière dans les cas de sédiments multi-classes." Le Havre, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEHA0009.
Full textThe sediment dynamics in coastal zone results from very complex interaction between the hydrodynamic forcing (wave, current, tide) and marine sediments which generally exhibit different sizes, densities and shapes. This interaction often leads to the formation of ripples on the bed and the phenomenon of sediment-sorting. The ripples and the sediment segregation significantly influence the sediment transport by changing the bottom roughness, the structure of the bed boundary layer and the dissipation of the hydrodynamic forcing. This thesis focuses on the sediment dynamics in coastal zone in the case of heterogeneous sediments in size and density. The objective of this work is to provide a contribution to the understanding and the modeling of the process which control the sediment transport and sediment-sorting under the action of waves. The experimental tests were conducted in wave flume and a theoretical study was made
Gidel, Samuel. "Méthode de détection et de suivi multi-piétons multi-capteurs embarquée sur un véhicule routier: application à un environnement urbain." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719262.
Full textMullins, Benjamin James, and n/a. "Study of Capture, Fibre Wetting and Flow Processes in Wet Filtration and Liquid Aerosol Filtration." Griffith University. School of Environmental Engineering, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040919.124658.
Full textMullins, Benjamin James. "Study of Capture, Fibre Wetting and Flow Processes in Wet Filtration and Liquid Aerosol Filtration." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365591.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental Engineering
Faculty of Environmental Sciences
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Gay, Arnaud. "Mesure du couplage de Yukawa du quark top auprès du futur collisionneur linéaire : Caractérisation du premier prototype megapixel de capteurs CMOS pour la détection des particules chargées." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13200.
Full textThe Higgs boson, if it exists, should show up during the next decade. Next, precise measurements of its characteristics, in particular its couplings to fermions (the Yukawa couplings), will be of prime importance to investigate the electroweak symmetry breaking and the generation of particles masses. Within the Standard Model, this coupling is proportional to the fermion mass. The top quark being the heaviest fermion, its Yukawa coupling is the most intense and thus - in principle - the most accessible. At the future Linear Collider (LC), the process will allow a direct measurement of the top Yukawa coupling. The first part of the work presented here deals with the estimate of the precision on the measurement of this coupling. Four different final states were studied for Higgs boson masses within the range 120-200 GeV/c2, which is strongly favoured by existing experimental data. The resolution found lies in the range 6-15% depending on the mass. The research program of the LC calls for a new generation vertex detector. It will consist of several layers of highly granular and thin pixels, located very close to the interaction region. Moreover, its radiation hardness and readout speed will have to be adapted to rather severe experimental conditions. Since 1999, CMOS sensors are developed within a IReS-LEPSI (Strasbourg) collaboration. The first reticle sized sensors (106 pixels, 2*2 cm2) were fabricated in 2002; their characterisation, based on tests performed at the CERN-SPS, was the objective of the second part of the work presented here. The study demonstrates that excellent tracking performances are achievable, well within the LC specifications
Becker, Freddy. "Définition d'un réseau de référence métrologique pour le positionnement d'un grand accélérateur linéaire." Phd thesis, INSA de Strasbourg, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00281959.
Full textCette thèse se situe dans le prolongement de travaux entrepris depuis 10 ans. Ceux-ci avaient notamment permis de sélectionner un certain nombre de capteurs métrologiques susceptibles de répondre aux besoins du CLIC. Or la plupart de ces capteurs effectuent leurs mesures par rapport à des références géométriques sensibles à la gravité. Le niveau élevé de précision requis nous a donc conduit à consacrer une partie importante de ce travail à l'effet des perturbations de la gravité sur l'utilisation de ces capteurs. Cela a permis de mettre en évidence les effets qui devront être pris en compte et de dégager les interrogations qui subsistent encore sur l'utilisation des niveaux hydrostatiques.
Cette recherche avait également pour but d'établir une proposition de configuration du système d'alignement, basée sur l'utilisation des capteurs sélectionnés. Il s'agissait donc d'effectuer des simulations des précisions obtenues avec les différentes configurations possibles. L'outil de calcul disponible étant inadapté, un effort majeur a été consacré au développement d'un nouveau logiciel. Les méthodologies orientées-objet se sont avérées être très bénéfiques dans ce contexte et ont permis la mise au point d'un outil évolutif adapté à des projets de recherche. Les simulations effectuées ont permis de définir une configuration optimale du réseau.
Enfin, en raison des problèmes peut-être insolubles que pose l'utilisation des capteurs hydrostatiques, nous avons mené une réflexion qui nous a permis d'ébaucher assez précisément une solution alternative basée sur l'utilisation d'un long faisceau laser.
Cajgfinger, Thomas. "Etudes théorique et expérimentale du suivi de particules uniques en conditions extrêmes : imagerie aux photons uniques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999629.
Full textMenant, Nina. "Etude des mécanismes de contamination particulaire et des moyens de détection : proposition et evaluation de solutions innovantes pour la détection en temps-réel de la sédimentation des particules sur les surfaces critiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT268/document.
Full textThe assembly of the satellites in clean rooms is currently monitored, in order to guarantee their reliability, via optical counters of particles which indicate the quantity of particles per volume of air in the room. However, why measure the quantity of particles in the air whereas it is the cleanliness of surfaces which is important? The complexity of the phenomena of transport and sedimentation of the particles makes the simulation, the prediction or the prevention of these phenomena particularly difficult. The objective of this thesis, which proceeded at the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), is to propose a method of measurement of the local and surface particulate contamination. Two axes are privileged to this end. Initially, an evaluation of the phenomena of contamination and existing methods of measurement are proposed by approaching space field specificities. The theoretical and experimental studies gathered in this memory and the assessment of the remaining interrogations trace a clear portrait of the state of current knowledge in this field. This state of the art brings to the definition of a need for the first time clearly expressed. A review of the metrological methods being based on this preliminary evaluation makes it possible to study with precision the possibilities of development of a sensor. Finally, this thesis shows that the goal of active and real-time measurement of particles of 1 µm is achieved with a method of optical detection by transmission of the light signal. In the second place, this thesis attempts to describe the characteristics of the sensor whose specifications were studied and specified in first part. If the development of the sensor is still at the initial stage, the prospects for industrial valorization are clearly established. This memory is thus based on a background research on the theory of the particulate contamination and the physical phenomena of interaction between the particles and their environment to define a method of optical measurement reliable, validated by simulation, and being the object of a patent filling
Dahoumane, Mokrane. "Conception, Réalisation et Caractérisation de l'Electronique Intégrée de Lecture et de Codage des Signaux des Détecteurs de Particules Chargées à Pixels Actifs en Technologie CMOS." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00475421.
Full textDeptuch, Grzegorz. "New Generation of Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors for Charged Particle Detection." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13115.
Full textReithinger, Valérian. "Assurance qualité des traitements par hadronthérapie carbone par imagerie de particules promptes chargées." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10171/document.
Full textHadrontherapy is an innovative radiotherapy modality in which light ions -such as protons or carbon ionsare accelerated to a relativistic speed and focused to irradiate a tumoral area. This technique differs from the conventional radiotherapy -which uses photons- by the existence of an energy deposition peak, called Bragg peak, which stands at the end of the ions path. However, different phenomena that lead to uncertainty in the real ion range exist, and limit the intrinsic accuracy of this modality. This justifies the need for a treatments quality assurance and motivates the development of in-line and real-time monitoring techniques to follow the real ions range. This PhD thesis work aims the characterization of an ion range monitoring technic, called interaction vertex imaging. It has been observed that during the ion path in the patient, a significant part of incoming ions undergoes nuclear reactions, causing a prompt secondary charged particles radiation. A telescope made up of pixelated sensors is proposed to locate these particles interaction vertex and to measure their correlation with the ions range, correlation predicted by a previous in-silico work. The first experimental results for this technique has been obtained with the realization of several experiments during which homogeneous and heterogeneous targets were irradiated under realistic conditions. Simulations were also performed to compare with experimental results. Before discussing the overall results, this manuscript details the hardware and software aspects of important developments that was made and that resulted in a complete and working prototype imager, with Monte Carlo simulations based on the Geant4 software