Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Capteur de déplacement haute résolution'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 27 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Capteur de déplacement haute résolution.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Elrawashdeh, Zeina. "Capteur de déplacement linéaire pour un mouvement d'axe hélicoïdal." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2288.
Full textThe development of displacement sensors with high performances regarding the limit of resolution and the measurement range has become essential for different mechanical systems This Ph.D. presents the modeling, the design and the fabrication of an original fiber-optic sensor. lt is able to measure the linear displacement of a rotating axis. This sensor is characterized by a micrometric resolution on a measurement range of several millimeters. After a bibliography study related to the industrial applications of the sensor, a geometric model of the light reflection by a convex surface has been developed. This model calculates the light intensity detected by the sensor as a function of the radius of curvature (Re); the model shows that the sensitivity increases as a function of the radius of curvature of the reflector (Re) and the limit of resolution is optimal for (Re=20 mm). This geometric model had been experimentally validated; where it was found out that the sensitivity decreases for the radii of curvature less than 15 mm (Re= 15 mm). For that reason, and in order to ensure the best functionality of the sensor, the radius of curvature chosen for the fabrication of the canes assembled grating was 25 mm. Once the optimal radius of curvature fixed a geometric model for the linear displacement measurement on a long measurement range using two fiber-optic probes and one cones assembled grating has been developed. The first prototype of the cones assembled grating was obtained with a high precision turning machine on an aluminum alloy. Afterwards, a second prototype of the cones grating was fabricated; where several parameters have been optimized, such as: the non-inclusion of the fabrication constraints in the geometric model and a better surface roughness of the cones assembled grating. The high precision fabrication technique of the two prototypes was presented. Finally, the experimental validation of the sensor measurement principle with two fiber-optic probes with the help of a mechanical set-up was realized. The mechanical set-up is used to a better orientation of the probes in front of the grating. The experimental validation helped to evaluate the overall sensor performances. For the two prototypes, an overlap of 30 um was verified between two successive signals. Different translation and rotation speeds were applied; where periodical peaks were observed in the output signals. These peaks are due to an unbalanced rotation of the spindle axis of rotation; with high speed values, the peaks are attenuated due to the high inertia of the spindle. For this reason, it is preferred to work at high rotational speeds (20 tr./s) with a consideration of the sampling frequency. This sensor is characterized by a micrometric resolution, on a measurement range of about 10 mm
Khiat, Ali. "Capteurs à fibres optiques pour la mesure à haute résolution de déplacements linéaires et angulaires sur une grande étendue : application aux systèmes mécaniques de dimensions réduites." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1720.
Full textThe request increasing of miniature mechanical and mechatronics systems requires the miniaturization of the components to have a function of actuation or ability to measure to these systems. Miniature sensors, privileging a ratio between the limit of resolution and the range of measurement of about a 10-5 to 10-6, are then elements impossible to circumvent. This Ph. D. Presents the design and the realization of two optical fibers sens ors for measurement with high resolution in two dimensions of linear and angular displacements on great range using the same principle. After a bibliographical study relating to the optical sensors, a geometrical modelling of the measure of linear displacements on a great range by the use of two probes and a grating was carried out. First, an optical grating in aluminium alloy was obtained by High Precision Machining. Then, thanks to the micro fabrication of silicon, a second grating was carried out with the aim of improving the sensor performances. It was thus allowed to be integrated in a miniature mechanical system with a limit of resolution of 27. 4 nm on a linear range of about 9 mm. By duplicating this principle, the measurements on a plane were carried out. The second sens or developed measures the angular displacements by means of a probe, containing two detectors and a mirror not structured. A model was made and a good correlation was observed between the numerical and experimental results on a range between -23. 44° and +23. 44° with an optimal limit of resolution of 0. 48 x 10-30. Lastly, after duplication of this last principle, a miniature two-dimensional inclinometer was carried out
Arora, Neha. "Contribution to the concept of micro factory : design of a flexible electromagnetic conveyor system." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2347.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to provide a flexible conveyor system for moving micro-objects. The system may need to be integrated into a micro-factory which requires high reconfigurability and low power consumption. These two criteria have been considered in the design of the conveyor system. The conveyor is based on a planar electromagnetic actuator developed in the Laboratoire Roberval of the UTC, and on smart surface composed of 5 x 5 unit cells; each ceii moves th movable part in the two directions of the plane. An analytical model of the actuator has been developed in order to calculate the electromagnetic forces and the displacement of the mobile part. This modei has been used during the design phase of the conveying system. An experimental prototype is then manufactured and tested which has validated the proposed principle of operation. Experimental tests have shown the ability to perform wide area displacement in both directions of the plane. Numerous experimental tests (control in open loop and closed loop performance characterization as straightness of movement, position repeatability, coupled- decoupled analysis...) have been done to qualify the performance of the conveyor system. Experiments for rotations about the axis perpendicular to the olane have also been performed successfully. Work synthesis: - Static modeling under RADIA was developed in order to design the conveyor surface especially for the transitio zone between two neighboring cells. A dynamic modeling under MATLAB allowed to simulate the behavior of single axis motor in open loop and closed loop control. - A conveyor surface prototype, consisting of a multilayer printed circuit board (4 layers) of dimensions 130 mm x 130 mm, was designed under EAGLE software. The influence of the distance between the first two layers was studied using the developed models to ensure uniform displacement in both the directions. - The experimental tests (with LABVIEW interface) of an elementary cell of the intelligent surface with a moving part composed of two orthogonal magnetic motors has been carried out that allowed to validate the operation of the conveying system in both directions of the plane. - Another series of tests with LABVIEW interface were carried out in order to validate experimentally the displacement of the mobile part with the smart surface at the transition zones between the elementary cells. - These experimental tests showed displacements of great extent in the two directions of the plane and of rotation about the axis perpendicular to the plane. - Long displacements and rotations of the moving part were measured using image processing algorithm developed in MATLAB. - At the same time, a high resolution fiber optic displacement sensor was studied that can be integrated into the conveyor surface locally for the precise positioning. A robust signal processing algorithm for high resolution displacement measurement was developed. In this algorithm, - The optimum position of the movable part is determined in order to obtain a continuous switching betwee the two fiber optic probes ; - The usable parts of the signals obtained from two probes were then filtered to measure the displacement using interpolation method ; The algorithm is implemented under MATLAB and validated by the implementation of the experimental signals. The work have been published in an international journal (Computers in Industry (COMIND)) and presented at international congresses (IEEE Sensors, REM Mechatronics, AIM, IWMF) during the years 2011 to 2016
Meignen, Pierre-Antoine. "Capteur ultrasonore multiélément dédié à la caractérisation quantitative haute résolution." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT267/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is applied to the characterization of mechanical properties by acoustic microscopy. It describes an innovative focused sensor that enables both topography and quantitative imaging of an elastic material. The innovation consists in the separation of the different propagation modes of a material excited by a focused multielement probe. Measuring the surface mode propagation velocity of elastic and anisotropic materials thanks to their time of flight provides a possibility of quantifying the module characterizing the elasticity: the Young's modulus. The dimensions of the multielement probe are described here and rely on an acoustic field model developed to anticipate the field radiated by each element. A second model studies the temporal behaviour of the focused probe and also verifies the discrimination of the different waves that propagate. The measurement of mechanical properties by the multielement probe is applied to different samples and provides consistent results with high sensitivity. The ability to produce images of mechanical properties is thus demonstrated. First suitable for frequencies near thirty megahertz, this sensor has a limited number of elements to ensure a simplicity of design and manufacture for a subsequent miniaturization of the sensor to achieve frequencies near the gigahertz
Verhulst, Anne. "Intégration d'une antenne acoustique à haute résolution sur une plateforme multi capteur." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112209.
Full textKammerer, Jean-Baptiste. "Capteurs intégrés pour la mesure à haute résolution de champs magnétiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13064.
Full textIntegrated technologies allow to develop magnetic measurement systems on chip. Since they can be integrated using any standard manufacturing process, Hall effect sensors are particularly attractive for low cost magnetometers design. Thus, the first part of this thesis is focused on the improvement of this type of sensors using electronic circuits. We demonstrate that the association of a specific circuit and a Hall effect sensor of a particular shape allows to reach any absolute sensitivity. We also propose a new method for canceling the piezo-resistance effect which is responsible for a parasitic cross-sensitivity. The developed Hall effect sensors are particularly useful for low voltage technologies and for measurement systems subjected to vibrations. Thanks to the rise of nanotechnologies, thin film ferromagnetic based devices and more particularly magnetic tunnel junctions should be part of the standard components of microelectronics industry very soon. Thus, in the second part of this thesis, we studied the potentialities of this new device and we propose a new measurement technique based on the fluxgate principle generalized to two dimensions and applied to the magnetic tunnel junction. The realized magnetometer allows to measure simultaneously and in a very localized way, two components of a magnetic field with a very high sensitivity. All the realized systems tends to benefit from a sensitive element using specific electronic circuits
Cadars, Sylvian. "La résonance magnétique nucléaire à haute résolution dans les solides désordonnés." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSL0336.
Full textThe characterization at the molecular scale of structural disorder is a crucial issue for modern chemistry. To that end, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) plays a crucial role for characterizing disordered solids, which are barely accessible through diffusion or diffraction methods. Through the improvement and the development of new multidimensional techniques, we have shown that correlations of isotropic interactions such as chemical shifts and scalar couplings between neighboring nuclei can be used to get deep insights into the origin and nature of the structural disorder. Our approach combines state-of-the-art high resolution NMR and calculations of NMR parameters at the functional density level of theory. Applications of the our methods to biopolymers, locally-ordered layered silicates, and to slightly disordered crystalline species have provided new insights into these systems, and opened new fields for the fine characterization of structural disorder at the molecular scale
Leon, Perez Edgar. "Matrice de nanofils piézoélectriques interconnectés pour des applications capteur haute résolution : défis et solutions technologiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT015/document.
Full textThis thesis project deals with the question of heterogeneous integration of interconnected nanowires on microelectronics chips in a view to MEMS and NEMS type devices. These devices aim to address the global problematic of “More than Moore”, that is the transformation of classical CMOS microelectronics processes to enable the development of new integrated micro and nanocomponents.In particular, over the past few years, a variety of nanomaterial-based devices have arisen, revealing micro-actuators and micro-sensors with new functionalities and/or improved performances, e.g. in terms of resolution, sensitivity, selectivity. Here we will focus on a certain type of nanostructures, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanowires, which have mostly been used so far to design devices whose working principle exploits the piezoelectric effect, often judiciously combined with their semiconducting properties. Indeed, when submitted to a mechanical constraint or displacement, piezoelectric nanowires generate an electrical potential (piezopotential). If, in addition to this, nanowires are also semiconducting, the piezopotential can be exploited to control an external current as a function of the mechanical constraint imposed to the nanowire (piezotronic effect). The advantage of using one-dimensional nanostructures lies into the modularity of both their mechanical and piezoelectric properties, in comparison with the bulk material. Moreover, their integration is now possible thanks to growth processes compatible with microelectronic processes (CMOS/MEMS). All these considerations make it possible to design very high performance devices combining the very small dimension of their functional unit elements (hence a high integration density which implies a high spatial resolution) and their sensitivity to nanoscale phenomena.In this project, we will adopt a very technology-oriented vision of the design of vertically-aligned ZnO-piezoelectric-nanowire matrix-type sensors. Relying on theoretical performance predictions and technological choices to solve device design and fabrication issues, this study aims to produce proof-of-concept prototypes of these high performance devices. First of all, the design process is elaborated based on finite element multiphysics models (FEM) of the piezoelectric response of a single bent nanowire, which we upgraded towards complete pixels, representative of an interconnected nanowire within a matrix. Following these considerations, we have imagined means of characterization of the piezoelectric response of a wire, then of a pixel. The implemented characterization experiment highlighted the complexity of carrying out a systematic, calibrated piezoelectric measurement, decorrelated from the environment of the pixel. Adequate technological solutions could then be implemented through the fabrication of elementary pixels suitable for characterization and whose piezoelectric response could be predictively modeled.This technological part of the work encompassed several development stages, including the chemical growth of ZnO nanowires and the design of the electrode matrix contacting the nanowires individually. The former splits into two steps: first choosing a clean-room compatible seed layer which will favor growth on a Silicon chip; secondly developing a selective growth process enabling the localization of nanowires within a predefined matrix of electrodes. The second part of the fabrication work focused on defining and optimizing the technological stack with respect to all the above mentioned considerations, and implementing the technological processes yielding the final targeted matrix
Ramadout, Benoit. "Capteurs d’images CMOS à haute résolution à Tranchées Profondes Capacitives." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10068.
Full textCMOS image sensors showed in the last few years a dramatic reduction of pixel pitch. However pitch shrinking is increasingly facing crosstalk and reduction of pixel signal, and new architectures are now needed to overcome those limitations. Our pixel with Capacitive Deep Trench Isolation and Vertical Transfer Gate (CDTI+VTG) has been developed in this context. Innovative integration of polysilicon-filled deep trenches allows high-quality pixel isolation, vertically extended photodiode and deep vertical transfer ability. First, specific process steps have been developed. In parallel, a thorough study of pixel MOS transistors has been carried out. We showed that capacitive trenches can be also operated as extra lateral gates, which opens promising applications for a multi-gate transistor compatible with CMOS-bulk technology. Finally, a 3MPixel demonstrator integrating 1.75*1.75 μm² pixels has been realized in a CMOS 120 nm technology. Pixel performances could be measured and exploited. In particular, a low dark current level could be obtained thanks to electrostatic effect of capacitive isolation trenches
Miché, Pierre. "Automatisation d'un spectromètre intégral à étalon de Fabry-Perot : développement d'un capteur d'indice à haute résolution, commandé par ordinateur." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES012.
Full textEscalona, Rafaël. "Interférométrie par modulation continue de la fréquence optique d'une diode laser : Étude et réalisation d'un capteur télémétrique à haute résolution." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA2024.
Full textFallourd, Renaud. "Suivi des glaciers alpins par combinaison d'informations hétérogènes : images SAR Haute Résolution et mesures terrain." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718596.
Full textKurban, Ugur. "Micro-capteur magnétique 3D haute résolution compatible avec les technologies de l'intégration : application au suivi magnétique de trace lors d'interventions endovasculaires." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6200.
Full textPapageorgiou, Nicolas. "Spectroscopie de réflexion à très haute résolution sur la vapeur de Césium : Déplacement collisionnel, structure Zeeman et effets de saturation sur la raie D2." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA132044.
Full textHannati, Loubna. "Étude et conception d'un capteur d'image linéaire CMOS de haute sensibilité et de faible résolution et sa mise en oeuvre dans un microspectrophotomètre." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10119.
Full textThis thesis aims to develop a high-sensitivity, low-resolution micro-spectrophotometer for biochemical analysis. Within this framework, a linear image sensor consisting of 32 active pixels has been designed and fabricated in a 0. 8µm CMOS process. The pixel sensing element is a BDJ (Buried Double p-n Junction) photodetector, which allows light intensity measurement and wavelength identification. The APS (Active Pixel Sensor) architecture is optimised by integrating a charge amplifier and a following CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) circuit. The high-gain amplifier structure suppresses effect of the detector capacitances at its input, and enhances conversion gain with good linearity by using a small integration capacitor. The CDS cancels or reduces undesirable Reset-related effects such as charge injection of Reset transistors and kTC noise. This image sensor occupies a surface of 4mm x 1,6mm, with an active surface of 87µm x 283µm for each pixel. The testing results are analysed and compared with those of several recently-developed image sensors reported in the literature. This tested image sensor is then employed in the development of a micro-spectrophotometer. Interesting results have been obtained by characterising the instrument
Voisin, Aurélie. "Classification supervisée d'images d'observation de la Terre à haute résolution par utilisation de méthodes markoviennes." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747906.
Full textLalanne, Nicolas. "Modélisation des échanges thermiques et radiatifs en environnement urbain à très haute résolution spatiale : aide à l'interprétation des mesures par télédétection infrarouge." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4731/document.
Full textThe main origin of the energy consumption in France is the residential and commercial sector. In urban environment, housing is mostly old, which means high heat losses. The improvement of energy performances requires the quantification of heat losses. This quantification may be based on a global measurement by an infrared camera with high spatial resolution.The infrared image interpretation requires a description of the radiative terms that make up the signal. For that purpose, a novel simulator is developed. The temperature field is calculated from a meshed three-dimensional scene composed of 1D walls and 2D thermal bridges. This operation is realized by the developed thermal software SUSHI, which is based on solar irradiance pre-computation and on 2D unitary response pre-computation. The software uses as input environmental data measured in the field. The infrared sensor signal is then modelled by adapting the radiative program MOHICANS. This software chain has the distinct advantage of an efficient fusion of dynamic response simulations of temperature and radiance, for areas with unidirectional and 2D heat transfer.The experimental campaign BATIR was set-up for measuring the thermal behavior of a building façade and its convective and radiative environment. A local validation of temperature calculation by SUSHI was realized through a comparison with thermocouple measurement results. Infrared cameras were operated in order to collect the radiance coming from the analyzed façade in band II and III. The radiances calculated by MOHICANS were compared with these acquisitions in order to validate the software chain at this level
Galloy-Gimenez, Lucie. "Réalisation d'une cellule électroacoustique pulsée à haute résolution spatiale en vue de l'étude spatio-temporelle de la répartition de la charge d'espace dans les diélectriques spatiaux soumis à un environnement chargeant." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2516/.
Full textDielectric materials are frequently used in satellite structures as thermal blankets. Various aspects of the space environment can cause orbit satellite anomalies. One of these aspects is charge accumulation due to the flux of space charged particles. To get a better control of the discharge it is necessary to clarify the nature and the time evolution of position and quantity of stored space charges and to understand the dynamics of the charge transport in solid dielectrics used in outer space. Dielectrics materials for space application are typically thin, less than 50 µm. Therefore; the pulsed electro-acoustic - PEA - method, which is used to recover charges within this type of material, is no longer sufficiently precise, i. E. The spatial resolution is on the order of ten µm. We developed an electrical model of the PEA cell and we note that the piezoelectric losses and impedance matching between the different materials of the PEA cell have a significant influence on the quality of the transducer output voltage. Then, we present a high resolution PEA prototype, used to perform first ever; to our knowledge, measurements on the 50 µm thick PTFE with a special resolution of 1µm
Koessler, Laurent. "Mise au point et définition du positionnement de nouveaux capteurs EEG compatibles et repérables en IRM : application à la localisation de source." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10150/document.
Full textSpatial localization of scalp EEG electrodes is a major step in dipole source localization and it must be accurate, reproducible and practical. Several methods have been proposed in the last fifteen years. The most widely used method is currently electromagnetic digitization. In this work, we introduce a new automatic method for localizing and labeling EEG sensors using MRI (ALLES). First, we designed a new scalp EEG sensor which is MR compatible and localizable. Secondly, we validated this new technique on a head phantom and then in a clinical environment with normal volunteers and epileptic patients. To do this, we compare the reproducibility, accuracy and performances of our method with electromagnetic digitization. We also demonstrate that our method provides better reproducibility with a significant difference (p < 0.01). Concerning accuracy, both methods are equally accurate with no statistical differences. We have tested our method both on normal volunteers (SEP and VEP studies) and epileptic patients (Spikes studies). Source localizations were not influenced by ALLES and we observe results consistent with the literature. Finally, we develop a method which projects the surface positions of the sensors (10-10 system) onto the cortex. This tool is helpful for visual inspection of high resolution EEG traces and for electroclinical diagnostic. To conclude, automation makes our method (ALLES) very reproducible and easy to handle in a routine clinical environment. It offers the possibility of using MRI volume for both source localization and spatial localization of EEG sensors
Martin, Emmanuel. "DART : MODÈLE 3D MULTISPECTRAL ET INVERSION D'IMAGES OPTIQUE DE SATELLITE- APPLICATION AUX COUVERTS FORESTIERS -." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139368.
Full textDe, Caluwe Nicolas. "Etude préliminaire sur les possibilités d'utilisation des images du capteur AVHRR des satellites atmosphériques de la NOAA pour la détection des zones brûlées dans les Ghâts occidentaux." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210765.
Full textGASCON, Ferran. "Modélisation physique d'images de télédétection optique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009863.
Full textZanon-Willette, Thomas. "DÉVELOPPEMENT D'UNE HORLOGE A PIÉGEAGECOHÉRENT DE POPULATION. ÉTUDE THÉORIQUE ET EXPÉRIMENTALE DU RÉGIMEIMPULSIONNEL ET CONTINU." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00123499.
Full textMaaroufi, Nourhene. "Détermination des paramètres spectroscopiques des bandes v1 et v3 de NH3 par spectroscopie infrarouge." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC099.
Full textThe aim of this work was to determine the parameters of the absorption lines of the ammonia molecule for atmospheric applications. In this regard, we measured, at room temperature, the intensities, the broadening and the shift coefficients of the lines of the bands v1, v3, 2v4, and 4v2 in the spectral region 3050-3600 cm-1 of self-disturbed NH3. These measurements were carried out in a large number of branches of these bands with very high precision using a high resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (0.008 cm-1).These spectroscopic parameters were determined using a multi-pressure fitting technique using two different profiles: a Voigt profile and a Rosenkranz profile.The manuscript consists of five parts. The first part concerns the spectroscopic properties of ammonia. The second part is dedicated to the apparatus, with the description of the Bruker IFS125HR IRTF spectrometer. In the third part, we expose the results of the line intensities and self-broadenings of isolated lines, which are extracted from the recorded spectra, bands v1, v3, 2v4 and 4v2 of NH3. The fourth part presents the results obtained on line shifts and the interference effects between the components of the doublets of the v1 and v3 bands of NH3.To interpret the results of the line width measurements of the self-disturbed NH3 collisional system, we will present in chapter 5 the formalism adopted for the calculation of these widths. A comparison between the calculated and measured widths makes it possible to test the validity of the formalism used
Martin, Emmanuel. "Dart : modèle 3D multispectral et inversion d’images optique de satellite : application aux couverts forestiers." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30269.
Full textIn optical remote sensing, radiative transfer (R-T) models aim to simulate radiometric measurement of spatial sensors that spot “Landscape-Atmosphere” system. The modeling of vegetation canopies measurements is generally limited to landscape representation and R-T modeling. This thesis allowed transforming a 3-D R-T model DART (patent : PCT/FR 02/01181) to multispectral model simulating optical remote sensing images (thermal infrared included) of any natural and urban landscape with relief and atmosphere for any spatial/airborne sensor. This new model was validated by models intercomparison (RAMI-3 experience, Joint Research Centre, Italy) and with in situ and airborne measurements (Czech Republic). In fine, an inversion method was developed. It allowed using DART for evaluating the modeling impact on LAI estimation of coniferous forest using hyperspectral VHR images
Attafi, Yosra. "Étude des effets des collisions dans les spectres infrarouges de CH₃I, molécule d’intérêt atmosphérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7086.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript is devoted to the study of the effects of collisions in the infrared spectra of CH₃I, which is an important source of iodine, which is a catalyst for ozone destruction. Good modelling of its absorption spectrum is therefore essential for atmospheric concentration measurements. In international databases, the band ν6 is not mentioned due to the lack of spectroscopic parameters. Being very intense and localized in the atmospheric window of 11 μm, the ν6 band could be used for future IR detection of CH₃I, by instruments probing in the IR, such as the IASI-NG instrument under preparation. But first, it is necessary to provide the spectroscopic parameters of CH₃I, using laboratory spectroscopy. It is in this context that our work has been carried out. The manuscript consists of five parts. The first part concerns the spectroscopic properties of the CH3I molecule. The second part is dedicated to the apparatus, with a description of the Bruker IFS125HR FTIR spectrometer. In the third part, we present the results of the line intensities and self-broadening coefficients that are extracted from the recorded spectra. The fourth part presents the results obtained on N₂, O₂ broadening and shift coefficients. The last part is devoted to the interpretation of the collisional widening measurements, previously obtained using theoretical calculations. The dependence of these parameters on the quantum numbers J and K has been studied
Bouloc, Jeremy. "Système de contrôle pour microscope à force atomique basé sur une boucle à verrouillage de phase entièrement numérique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4307/document.
Full textAn atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to characterize insulating materials or semiconductors with a resolution up to the atomic length scale. The microscope includes a force sensor linked to a control electronic in order to properly characterize these materials. Among the various modes (static and dynamic), we focus mainly on the dynamic mode and especially on the frequency modulation mode (FM-AFM). In this mode, the force sensor is maintained as a harmonic oscillator by the servo system. The research project ANR Pnano2008 entitled: "metal piezoresistivity silicon carbide cantilever for very high frequency dynamic AFM" aims to significantly increase the performance of a FM-AFM by developing new very high frequency force sensors. The goal is to increase the sensitivity of the sensor and to decrease the time necessary to obtain topography images of the material. The control system of this new sensor must be able to detect frequency variations as small as 100mHz for cantilevers with resonance frequencies up to 50MHz. Since the state-of-the-art systems doe not present these performances, the objective of this thesis was to develop a new control system. It is fully digital and it is implemented on a FPGA based prototyping board. In this report, we present the system overall functioning and its main features which are related to the cantilever resonant frequency detection. This detection is managed by a phase locked loop (PLL) which is the key element of the system