Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Captage et stockage du dioxyde de carbone – Recherche'
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Pellerano, Mario. "Évaluation d'absorbants pour le captage et le transport de CO²." Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=f10f503c-d210-4296-89f9-32e6e8a2cc79.
Full textIn order to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, CO2 release due to human activities should be better controlled. CO2 capture by adsorption is considered as one ot the potential options. In this work, different commercialized activated carbons (AC) were evaluated as a potential adsorbent for CO2 capture by pressure modulation and were compared to commercialised zeolites. Adsorption isotherms, materials aging and gas separation were determined and evaluated. Relations between physical properties and adsorption capacities are founded. These relations were used in order to determine the adsorbent demonstrating the best adsorption regeneration capacities depending on the operating conditions applied. CO2 transportation from production places to storage locations is presently accomplished by liquid or supercritical phase, which generate large costs and emissions. This final part of this work considers the possibility to transport CO2 in adsorbed phase (with considered materials) and analyzes its cost as a function of transported quantities, transport conditions and transportation means. CO2 transport by ship in adsorbed phase on small distances was seen as being competive to ship transportation in liquid phase. The CO2 emissions generated by CO2 transport in adsorbed phase were evaluated in all cases (transportation means, distances, conditions) to be much smaller than the ones generated by liquid phase transport
Hatton, Pierre-Joseph. "Séquestration du carbone et de l’azote des feuilles de hêtre dans les associations organo-minérales du sol : Approches macroscopiques, nanométriques & moléculaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0050.
Full textOrgano-mineral associations play a key role in the long-term sequestration of organic matter in forest soils. However, knowledge about the contribution of the different types of organo-mineral associations and the microbial processes involved in soil organic matter stabilisation is scant. To solve it, stable isotope techniques have been combined with the sequential density fractionation of organo-mineral associations. Isolated fractions were investigated in field and in lab, at different temporal (from 8 hours to 12 years) and spatial scales (macro-, submicron- and molecular scales).Four types of organo-mineral associations were distinguished: plant debris with little mineral attached, plant aggregates, microbial aggregates and mineral grains. Isotopically labeled beech leaf litters were tracked at a decadal time-scale to reveal transfers in between organo-mineral associations. Both litter-derived carbon and nitrogen entered the soil as plant fragments to progressively pass through plant and microbial aggregates. Aggregates appeared particularly meaningful for the stabilisation of litter-derived carbon and nitrogen at a decadal time-scale. Little of the litter-derived carbon and nitrogen was found quickly stabilized to mineral grains. Microbial activities appeared as a major controlling factor for the evolvement of organo-mineral associations, responsive for the transfers of litter-derived carbon and nitrogen. Indeed, plant debris colonized by microorganisms are progressively trapped into plant aggregates. As decomposition proceeds, plant aggregates disrupt into denser microbial aggregates. These aggregates are loaded with lesser organic matter, but enriched in stable microbial materials.Stabilisation by soil microorganisms has been studied at the macro-, submicronand molecular- scales, using mostly NanoSIMS and LC-IRMS. Microbial stabilization operated (i) directly through immobilization in microbial cells and, (ii) indirectly through large production of extracellular microbial products. By calibrating the NanoSIMS for accurate C/N ratios, extracellular microbial products have been shown to be stabilized onto organo-mineral associations without apparent control of the mineral-attached organic matter chemistry. The incorporation of 13C tracers into amino sugars, biomarkers of bacterial and fungal biomasses, revealed that living microorganisms grow where the resource is, but accumulate in microbial aggregates. Microbial biomasses moved from plant debris to microbial aggregates, likely along with the transfers of decaying litter residues as described above.This work points aggregates as meaningful organo-mineral associations for the sequestration of litter-derived carbon and nitrogen at the decadal time-scale. It also revealed the role of microorganisms in the transfers and stabilization of litterderived carbon and nitrogen within organo-mineral associations
Sissman, Olivier. "Séquestration minérale du CO2 dans les basaltes et les roches ultrabasiques : impact des phases secondaires silicatées sur le processus de carbonatation." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GLOB0001.
Full textPortier, Sandrine. "Solubilité de co2 dans les saumures des bassins sédimentaires : Application au stockage de co2 (gaz à effet de serre)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/PORTIER_Sandrine_2005.pdf.
Full textGressier, Vincent. "Contribution des producteurs carbonatés phytoplanctoniques à l'évolution isotopiques (delta13C et delta18O ) des carbonates pélagiques des bassins Ouest téthysiens au cours de l'événement Valanginien (Weissert Event)." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066630.
Full textChiquet, Pierre. "Mécanismes thermophysiques déterminant la sécurité du stockage géologique du CO2." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3045.
Full textCO2 underground storage as an option for reducing greenhouse gases emissions consists of trapping industrial CO2 and injecting it into deep geological formations such as saline aquifers and hydrocarbons reservoirs. This study aims at assessing leakage processes and evaluating storage capacities. To this end, two leakage phenomena were considered, caprock capillary breakthrough and diffusional transport. The former involves interfacial properties of the brine/CO2/mineral system: brine/CO2 interfacial tension and rock wettability under dense CO2. Chapter one presents a series of IFT measurements performed at temperatures and pressures up to 45 MPa-110°C. Results show a great decrease of IFT with pressure in the 0-to-20 MPa range beyond what it tends to stabilize at values in the order of 25-30 mN. M-1. Chapter two deals with rock wettability. Dynamic contact angles were measured on muscovite mica and quartz up to 10 MPa. Results highlight an alteration of wettability with pressure that was accounted for by means of a DLVO based model. Direct capillary entry pressures on a clay stone sample are proposed in chapter three. Diffusion, is treated in chapter four. We used the Taylor dispersion method to measure D up to 40 MPa. Results indicate low values in the order of 2. 10-9 m2. S-1. Chapter five discuses the consequences of the previous parameters in terms of storage capacity
Botan, Alexandru. "Modélisation moléculaire d'argile en contact avec un réservoir de CO2." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066233.
Full textJeandel, Elodie. "Monitoring géochimique par couplage entre les gaz rares et les isotopes du carbon : étude d'un réservoir naturel." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112318.
Full textTo limit emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, CO2 geological sequestration appears as a solution in the fight against climate change. The development of reliable monitoring tools to ensure the sustainability and the safety of geological storage is a prerequisite for the implementation of such sites. In this framework, a geochemical method using noble gas and carbon isotopes geochemistry has been tested on natural and industrial analogues. The study of natural analogues from different geological settings showed systematic behaviours of the geochemical parameters, depending on the containment sites, and proving the effectiveness of these tools in terms of leak detection and as tracers of the behaviour of CO2. Moreover, an experience of geochemical tracing on a natural gas storage has demonstrated that it is possible to identify the physical-chemical processes taking place in the reservoir to a human time scale, increasing interest in the proposed tool and providing general informations on its use
Diedro, Franck. "Influence de la variabilité pétrophysique et minéralogique des réservoirs géologiques sur le transfert réactif. Application au stockage du CO₂." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00436039.
Full textThe project of this thesis relates the impact of initial variability of geological reservoir on the underground storage of CO₂. We use as a starting point the natural basins such as the carbonated Dogger of the Basin of Paris and sandy reservoirs of Ravenscar (the North Sea). Each of the rebuilt model reservoir was defined by the list of its minerals (calcite, dolomite, chlorite, potassic feldspath, kaolinite, quartz for example for the carbonate reservoir) and by his petrophysical properties (porosity and permeability). The variability of these parameters was simulated using multivariable geostatistic methods operating on their range, stage, and thresholding. We defined important operational parameters to summarize the main properties of storage (namely the quantity of carbon stored in the reservoir, the quantity of carbon precipitated in the form of dolomite, quantity of carbon evacuated by the mobile aquifer, quantity of carbon contained in the water of the reservoir as well as the variation of porosity in the reservoir). Deterministic responsive transfer simulations were then made following different storage scenarios: (a) case of the injection of the initial CO₂ in the tank that has enabled us to set the initial state of the tank, (b) case of an aquifer mobile moving in the tank containing saturated CO₂, and (c) the case of an acidic water moving in a tank containing an neutral aquifer). We have subsequently sought to study the influence variability on operational parameters storage settingsWe have thus highlighted that, compared to the homogeneous case, the heterogeneous field promotes the dolomite carbon storage and decreases the amount of carbon removed by the aquifer. The effect of high petrophysical range and the impact of mobile aquifer have also been studied. Finally, we set up a model of experimental plan, to study the impact of the variability of all input data on selected answers. The effect of numerical dispersion has been studied and we demonstrated their importance in some results. The experimental plan has highlighted the importance of dolomite spot on the carbon stored
Juma, Sarah. "Oxycombustion diluée au dioxyde de carbone : étude de la stratégie d'injection du CO2." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES022.
Full textThe set-up of oxy-fuel combustion with flue gas recirculation raises questions about the design of adapted burners. The separation of the oxidant (O2) and inert gas (flue gas) allows either their injection with premixing of both flows, in burners with similar design than those used in classic air combustion, or separated injection, with the possibility to modify independently the injection parameters for each flow. Both injection strategies are studied and compared in the frame of a simplified academic study, led on CH4-fed multi-coaxial 25 kW burners, with O2 and CO2 (replacing the recirculation gases). These burners are composed of three to four coaxial injections, depending on the strategy: respectively CH4/ O2/(CO2+O2) for premixed strategy, and CH4/O2/CO2/O2 for separated injection strategy. A small primary oxy-fuel flame is maintained, and stabilizes behind the methane lip: four main flame types are observed thanks to chemiluminescence. The flame is continuous and homogeneous in terms of intensity (A type) for premixed burners. For separated injection burners, it may exhibit a localized decrease of intensity between the primary and the secondary flame (A’ or C type), or the secondary flame is lifted far above the primary oxy-fuel flame (B type). Mixing mechanisms leading to these structures are analyzed with PIV, and show that flame stability is favored by recirculation zones, by a small CO2 flow or co-flow (CO2+O2) velocity, associated to a large velocity ratio UO2/UCO2. The large velocity gradients favor the mixing and provide a stable flame, with controlled and acceptable thermal fluxes and temperatures distributions, and exhaust gases composition
Sáinz-García, Álvaro. "Dynamique de stockage souterrain de gaz : aperçu à partir de modèles numériques de dioxyde de carbone et d'hydrogène." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30187/document.
Full textClimate change mitigation is one of the major challenges of our time. The anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions have continuously increased since industrial revolution leading to global warming. A broad portfolio of mitigation technologies has to be implemented to fulfill international greenhouse gas emissions agreements. Some of them comprises the use of the underground as a storage of various substances. In particular, this thesis addresses the dynamics of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) underground storage. Numerical models are a very useful tool to estimate the processes taking place at the subsurface. During this thesis, a solute transport in porous media module and various multiphase flow formulations have been implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics (Comsol, 2016). These numerical tools help to progress in the understanding of the migration and interaction of fluids in porous underground storages. Three models that provide recommendations to improve the efficiency, monitoring and safety of the storages are presented in this manuscript: two in the context of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and one applied to underground hydrogen storage (UHS). Each model focus on a specific research question: Multiphase model on CCS. The efficiency and long-term safety of underground CO2 storage depend on the migration and trapping of the buoyant CO2 plume. The wide range of temporal and spatial scales involved poses challenges in the assessment of the trapping mechanisms and the interaction between them. In this chapter a two-phase dynamic numerical model able to capture the effects of capillarity, dissolution and convective mixing on the plume migration is applied to a syncline-anticline aquifer structure. In anticline aquifers, the slope of the aquifer and the distance of injection to anticline crest determine the gravity current migration and, thus, the trapping mechanisms affecting the CO2. The anticline structure halts the gravity current and promotes free-phase CO2 accumulation beneath the anticline crest, stimulating the onset of convection and, thus, accelerating CO2 dissolution. Variations on the gravity current velocity due to the anticline slope can lead to plume splitting and different free-phase plume depletion time is observed depending on the injection location. Injection at short distances from the anticline crest minimizes the plume extent but retards CO2 immobilization. On the contrary, injection at large distances from anticline crest leads to large plume footprints and the splitting of the free-phase plume. The larger extension yields higher leakage risk than injection close to aquifer tip; however, capillary trapping is greatly enhanced, leading to faster free-phase CO2 immobilization. Reactive transport model on convective mixing in CCS. Dissolution of carbon-dioxide into formation fluids during carbon capture and storage (CCS) can generate an instability with a denser CO2-rich fluid located above the less dense native aquifer fluid. This instability promotes convective mixing, enhancing CO2 dissolution and favouring the storage safety
Shah, Virenkumar. "Propriétés interfaciales contrôlant la sécurité du stockage géologique des gaz acides." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU3015.
Full textAcid gas geological storage is a process under which acid gas (CO2, H2S) is injected in a geological formation and thus stored away from the atmosphere for a long time (hundreds of years). It is a promising process to reduce CO2 atmospheric emissions and an alternative to the transformation of H2S into sulphur by the Claus process. In this process, the acid gas buoyantly rises to the top of the formation and accumulates beneath the caprock, a low permeable medium imbibed with water. This thesis investigates the interfacial properties involved in capillary failure of the caprock: water/acid gas interfacial tension (IFT) and caprock’s water-wettability. It presents the first ever systematic IFT and contact angle measurements under storage conditions (up to 150 bar and 120°C) with H2S-rich acid gases, as well as a model to predict IFTs between water and non-polar or slightly-polar compounds. Water/H2S IFT decreases with increasing pressure and levels off at around 9-10 mN/m at high pressure and temperature (T ≥ 70°C, P > 120 bar). However, wettability alteration due to the presence of dense acid gas is limited in the case of natural and model substrates typically present in the caprock, except in the case of mica, which exhibits pronounced alteration in the presence of H2S. These properties have a strong impact on various quantities of practical interest in geological storage, such as the maximum injection and storage pressure and potential storage capacity of a given formation. These quantities are significantly lowered in the case of H2S-rich gas as compared to CH4 and even CO2; they should be carefully determined when planning an acid gas geological storage operation
Daval, Damien. "Processus de carbonation de basaltes et de roches ultrabasiques en conditions de subsurface." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077136.
Full textMineral trapping of co2 by carbonation is possibly a way to store co2 permanently. However, little is known aboutthe reaction kinetics and mechanisms of this process. Our work aimed at identifying the main parameters/dontrolling the weathering and carbonation rates of model silicates of (ultra)basic rocks. The influence of secondary phases on silicate weathering rates received detailed attention. Whereas the formation of thick and mesoporous coatings of amorphous silica onto the surface of wollastonite weakly affects wollastonite dissolution, forsterite dissolution is inhibited by a passivating silica layer. In this latter case, the reaction continues through solid-state diffusion, a process which is ~ 5 orders of magnitude slower than an interfacial dissolution mechanism. Another parameter which controls the weathering rate of silicates (r) is the distance from equilibrium (Δgr) at which it takes place. We showed that the law implemented into geochemical codes and which links r to Δgr overestimates diopside dissolution rate by one order of magnitude on a wide range of Δgr. This difference is responsible for a substantial error on the modeling of carbonation rate of diopside, which we calculated and corrected. A third factor which affects the weathering rate of minerals is due to the c02 itself: its effect (apart from that of ph) intrinsically promûtes lizardite dissolution kinetics, presumably because of the formation of surface complexes involving hco3" species. Finally, co2-h2o-fe-silicates interactions can lead to the reduction of co2, a flux which could compete with that of carbonation. Preliminary experiments of fayalite dissolution will help to resolve this question
Coulier, Yohann. "Etude thermodynamique de solutions aqueuses d'amines démixantes pour le captage du dioxyde de carbone." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00708552.
Full textPerraud, Véronique. "Mise au point d’un préleveur automatique pour la mesure en continu des composés carbonylés atmosphériques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX11058.pdf.
Full textBecause of their implication in photochemical processes leadind to the formation of tropospheric ozone and their negative effect on human health, carbonyl compounds are part of the volatile organic compounds which demand a continuous measurement of their atmospheric concentration (fast fluctuation of their atmospheric concentration). The present research meets this requirement and two sampling strategies were studied to have an automatic instrument for the continuous measurement of atmospheric carbonyl compounds. First, sampling by using a tranfer of gaseous phase in a liquid phase associated with a simultaneous chemical derivatization of the trapped compounds was studied because of its high specificity towards carbonyl compounds. However, no couple “sampling device-reagent” allows a quantitative sampling of carbonyl compounds, nor a continuous measurement in the field. Another strategy was therefore studied: cryogenic adsorption onto solid adsorbent followed by thermodesorption and analysis by GC/MS. Collection efficiency using different solid adsorbents was greater than 95% for carbonyl compounds consisting of 1 (formaldehyde, Pvap (-30°C) = 34400Pa) to 7 carbons (benzaldehyde, Pvap (-30°C) = 0,75 Pa). This sampling strategy is a successful first step towards the realization of the automatic sampling device for a continuous measurement of atmospheric carbonyls compounds
Galfré, Aurélie. "Captage du dioxyde de carbone par cristallisation de clathrate hydrate en présence de cyclopentane : Etude thermodynamique et cinétique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993771.
Full textLe, Campion Paul. "Impact d'un stockage géologique de CO2 sur les écosystèmes profonds des basaltes." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077204.
Full textBasaltics rocks harbor diverse and active microbial populations when associated temperatures are consistent with their development. However, they are rarely considered in engineering operations as carbon capture and storage technology (CCS), white they can potentially alter the storage conditions and hence the fate at depth of the injected gas. During this PhD work the first monitoring cf the microbial diversity hosted in a deep basait aquifer (400-800 m depth) was carried out on a CCS pilot site at Hellisheidi in Iceland. Microbial communities have been described before gas injection and their evolution was monitored during two successive injections of 174. 6t of pure CO2 and 65t of CO2+112S+H2. Before the injections, phylogenetic affiliations suggest that most of the detected microorganisms are endemic to the aquifer. Metabolisms inferred for the OTUs identified are consistent with the geochemistry of wi ter, a result reinforced by statistical analysis, pointing out a potentiel link between the carbonated system and the structure of the microbial populations. Over the injections, analyses highlight variations in the composition of microbial communities that seem to be impacted only by the injection of pure CO2. Particularly, it records a "bloom" of a sequence affiliated to an autotrophic bacterium oxidazing Fe(II), Sideroxydans lithotrophicus. The stimulation of autotrophic metabolisms during the injection of pure CO2 updates the question of whether some of the CO2 was converted into biomass in the subsurface, hence providing an alternative way for CO2 storage
Battaïa, Guillaume. "Expérimentation versus simulation du transport réactif en milieu poreux, capture des profils de concentration et évolution texturale des solides." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466764.
Full textA new type of plug flow reactor is developed. It reproduces a 1D porous medium composed of quartz and reactive solids exposed to the percolation of an aqueous phase, whose concentration profile can be captured through sampling ports. The reaction of CO₂ saturated solutions (5-8 bar) at 40-50°C with carbonate (calcite, dolomite) generates reproducible dissolution fronts migrating downstream with stationary shape. This shape evidences an increase in reactive surface area with increasing dissolution, in agreement with the observed skeletal solid textures. Diopside dissolution in acidic solutions, pH=2, 60°C, generates linear concentration profiles as predicted far from equilibrium. In the initial non-stoichiometric dissolution stage, a Si-dominated surface layer is formed. SEM data suggest an anisotropic distribution of this layer
El, Hitti Rima. "Modélisation et conception de la capture de l'eau et de la dissociation du SO2 dans des fumées, par condensation à contact direct dans des packing structurés." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1501.
Full textDirect contact condensation inside structured packing fills is a new technical option in flue gas cleaning application involving simultaneous water capture and cooling. The work presented in this thesis is developed for coal-fired boiler flue gases undergoing treatment for CO2 capture. The treatment requires water capture and cooling from 60 to 15°C. The high costs associated to water capture using available technical options have led to the development of a new water capture concept where capture is carried out by direct contact condensation with sub-cooled water inside structured packing fills. Structured packing fills are widely used in mass transfer applications. The innovation of the present work lies mainly in the use of flue gases psychrometric behavior for water capture. Due to the lack of literature on the issue, an experimental understanding and description of condensation heat transfer inside a tilted rectangular channel is established for temperatures ranging from 15 to 65°C. This description is done for a saturated vapor-gas mixture in countercurrent to sub-cooled wavy water film. At this level of temperatures the condensation heat transfer dominates and specific condensation correlations are established. A new approach is then proposed for modeling direct contact condensation inside a structured packing bed. The approach aims at a simple representation of the complex system. A laboratory scale mock-up validates the direct contact condensation model. A new option for SO2 capture arising from the direct contact condensation heat transfer is investigated. An experimental study on SO2 absorption by a wavy water film is presented. The gas mass transfer coefficient is correlated. A dissociation model, based on the experimental results for the wavy water film, simulates SO2 dissociation by direct contact condensation inside structured packing fills. The new water capture technique is assessed in a case study for a 660 MW coal fired boiler. SO2 dissociation during water capture is evaluated for the case study. A cost analysis shows a potential of 40% cost reduction attainable with the dissociation option. An experimental study on direct contact condensation from 15 to –40°C tests low temperature feasibility of water and SO2 captures for further improvements on the system
Stanbury, Matthew. "Réduction photo et électro-assistée sélective du dioxyde de carbone sur des catalyseurs moléculaires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV094/document.
Full textThe general context of this thesis is on CO2 valorisation, and recounts fundamental research aimed at finding new molecular catalysts in order to achieve CO2 conversion. The results obtained provide additional knowledge in view of developing an efficient and selective catalytic CO2 reduction process. The first chapter begins with the general picture of CO2 utilisation and contains a bibliographical overview on the use of molecular catalysts for CO2 photo- and electroreduction. This short review demonstrates the wide variety of transition metal complexes used as catalysts, in particularly those based on rhenium. An analysis on the current state of CO2 reduction research using molecular catalyst complexes of the manganese carbonyl type is then reported. In Chapter II, the discussion begins with a brief overview of the research developed during this thesis relating to new complexes of the general formula: [Mn(L)(CO)3(X)] (X = Br, n = 0 ou CH3CN, n = 1; L = terpyridine derivatives). The interest in these complexes is twofold, as their physico-chemical properties give them potential catalytic CO2 reduction applications, as well as applications in the field relating to controlled CO release molecules. Developing new complexes based on ligands derived from terpy is one of the main routes that were chosen for catalyst performance optimisation and improvement. In this context, Mn complexes were synthesised, their photo- and electrochemical properties were studied in detail, before testing their activity with respect to catalytic CO2 reduction. The most remarkable result comes from the unique ability of these species to release one of their carbonyl ligands in a controlled fashion, which led to the discovery of novel Mn dicarbonyl complexes which are selective catalysts for CO2 reduction, and also to new molecules which are applicable in the release of small quantities of CO for therapeutic purposes.Chapter III covers the study of the complex [Mn(phen-dione)(CO)3(X)]n+ (X = Br, n = 0 ou CH3CN, n = 1). This complex was synthesised with the aim in mind of obtaining complexes soluble in aqueous media. While this objective was ambitious, it was soon found that these species showed no catalytic activity for CO2 reduction in the target aqueous medium. Nevertheless, electrocatalytic activity was demonstrated in hydro-organic media and photocatalytic applications in organic media proved promising. This work allowed us to gain a better understanding of the physicochemical properties and catalytic mechanisms of a Mn complex containing a redox-active ligand.The results presented in Chapter IV are based on the study of another new Mn carbonyl complex family. The study concentrated mainly on the complex [Mn(pyperNH)(CO)3(CH3CN)]+. The pyperNH ligand, with its aromatic system and NH functional group, plays a major role and is redox-active. After a section dedicated to its synthesis and characterisation, this chapter devotes a large part to the role that different experimental parameters can play on the efficiency of the catalytic CO2 reduction reaction. The Mn complexes described in this chapter have remarkable redox properties. A preliminary study of the catalytic activity of these complexes for CO2 reduction has allowed us to have an initial idea about the potential role of the N-H functional group of the ligand on the catalytic mechanism and reaction selectivity. This research was extended beyond the pyperNH ligand into a complex class of similar ligand structures, and the preliminary results obtained are original and promising, and open the way towards new perspectives
Aouini, Ismaël. "Captage du dioxyde de carbone en postcombustion : Application à un incinérateur de déchets industriels : Etude expérimentale à l’échelle pilote." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAM0004.
Full textThis research is part of a survey designed to establish the viability of the CO2 recovery as a raw material from an industrial waste incinerator.. Several commercial licenses are available to capture CO2 in flue gas, but there are no references for incinerators. This work studies with a pilot the post-combustion CO2 capture from incinerator flue gas using absorption/desorption process with 30 %wt monoethanolamine (MEA). A literature review identifies the technology gaps. Then, the pilot setup was described. A parametric study has evaluated the pilot performance for CO2 capture and energy consumption. Finally, Long runs (5 days) have studied the solvent chemical stability in front of incinerator flue gas. The laboratory experiments show that CO2 capture form incinerator flue gas is possible
Nikoosokhan, Saeid. "Stockage géologique du dioxyde de carbone dans les veines de charbon : du matériau au réservoir." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00787962.
Full textJacquemet, Nicolas. "Durabilité des matériaux de puits pétroliers dans le cadre d'une séquestration géologique de dioxyde de carbone et d'hydrogène sulfuré." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00084391.
Full textNeri, O'Neill Rebeca. "Démontrer une promesse fragile : Genèse, Régime et Politisation de la démonstration des techniques de captage, de transport et de stockage du CO₂ (CTSC) en Europe." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0021.
Full textMy thesis concerns the process of demonstration of CO₂ capture, transport and storage (CISC) in the European Union. This conception allows the construction of the promise of a future with reduced CO₂ emissions, which does not exclude the continuation of the use of fossil energies. During the last decade, the European Commission has established a partnership vvith industrial actors in an initiative of CTSC «demonstration» organised around the development of on site demonstrators, in order to bring these techniques to a commercial state. This process has been marked by intense debates and local conflicts, especially in what regards the risks associated with CO₂ leakage. The Commission puts forth slogans concerning the need for conciliation with the citizens. However, the process of CTSC demonstration does indeed produce a division between uncertainties that may be controlled (demonstrated) which are in the forefront, and others whose possibilités of reduction seem less certain, which are placed in the background. Thus, the interrogation here bears on the characterisation of this way of dividing the uncertainties as well as on the manner by which a policy, based on demonstration, might produce kinds of agreements among the distinct actors implicated. My analysis proposes a periodisation of the process (1972-2012) in three large phases : Genesis, Regime, and Politicisation. I develop my arguments based on four case studies : the activity of the European technological platform devoted to CTSC, « Zéro Emission Platform for Fossil Fuels » (ZEP), and three more CTSC demonstration projects, two in France and another one in Barendrecht, in the Netherlands
Rech, Malko. "Effets de l'éclairement visible et ultraviolet sur la croissance et la photosynthèse de microalgues : incidences sur l'écophysiologie du phytoplancton des claires ostréicoles." Le Mans, 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2004/2004LEMA1008.pdf.
Full textFrom a technical point of view, the first part of this work consisted in refining the protocole of measurement of the light recoived by the mieroalgae. The knowedge obtained at the time of this stage of the work enabled us to adapt the laboratory fluorometer to the marine mieroalgae, and to develop an instrument allowing the détermination of the the quanfity of light actually absorbed by marine diatoms. This allowed us to compare two methods of measurement of photosynthesis, oxymetry and fluorimetry. Our results show an excellent corrélation between measurements resuiting from these two methods in the range of not-saturating and slightly saturating illuminafions. Beyond, a decoupling occurs, induced by the photo-inhibition of the rate of transport of the électrons. Finally, these two mothods appear complementary. On the physiological level, we could show that the response of the various species of microalgae studied to the quality of received illuminafion is not correlated to thair taxonomie filiation. The behavior of the diatom Haslea ostrearia cultivated on saturating levels of illumination presents thus more similarities vvith that of the Chlorophyceae Dunaliella tertolecta than mdth that of Skelatonema costatum, another diatom species. This similarity is related on the accumulation of photoprotective pigments by 0. Tertiolecta and to the presence in H. Ostrearia of a particular pigment, marennin. The photoprotective role of this pigment is thus highlighted. Lt is however not the first function of this pigment: its concentration decreases when H. Ostrearia is exposed to UV-R, despite of a strong absorption of these radiations by marennin. .
Samadi, Jaleh. "Développement d'une approche systémique de management des risques pour les projets de captage, transport et stockage de CO2." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00870894.
Full textRegnault, Olivier. "Etude de la réactivité de minéraux purs en présence de CO2 supercritique. Mesure de la cinétique carbonatation de la portlandite." Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004063.
Full textHe efficiency of geological CO2 storage will rely on trapping mechanisms and good sealing properties of the caprock and the eventual ac wells on the long term. A series of experiments has been devised to observe and quantify the reactivity of portlandite with supercritical CO2 The portlandite has been chosen as a key component of calcium-rich cement for its interest in borehole cement degradation. Initial carbona rates have been measured under different conditions: pressure 160 bar, temperatures 80, 120, and 200° C and with various amount of water SEM observations show that the reacting fluid state (absence or presence of liquid phase) controls strongly the carbonation behaviour an reaction path. A specific geochemical model has been developed in order to account for the particular conditions of our experiments. The results (portlandite carbonation rate and water-poor geochemical system modelling techniques) should be useful to simulate wellbor degradation
Doupoux, Cédric. "Caractérisation et modélisation de la dynamique des stocks de matière organique profonde des sols amazoniens." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL0003/document.
Full textRecent results have shown that equatorial podzols store large amounts of carbon in their deep Bh horizons. This leads to two main questions: (1) how and at what kinetics these soils were formed, (2) how climate change could induce atmospheric carbon production that could impact the global climate system.In this context, we have developed a model that allows to constrain carbon fluxes both by the observed C stocks and their 14C age. In a sufficiently simplified situation, we have established a formal relationship between the C stock evolution and its 14C age. Applied to Amazonian podzols, our model has brought new and unexpected results. It has been shown that the surface horizons of the most hydromorphic podzolized areas are the largest contributors of MOD transferred to the hydrographic network then to the sea. It is observed that the formation of Bh is only possible by considering two compartments, fast and slow. The estimate of their formation time (low estimate) allowed to differentiate between relatively young podzols (formation time 15 – 25 ky) developed on relatively recent Holocene sediments and old podzols (formation 180 – 290 ky) developed on older sediments. The carbon accumulation rate in the studied podzols ranges from 0.54 to 3.17 gC m-2 y-1, which corresponds to a carbon sequestration around 3 1011 gC an-1, which is significant at the geological scales.Column percolation experiments allowed us to show the reactivity of the Bh material and the presence, despite very high C/N ratios (63 on average), of a significant bacterial activity which modifies the nature of the MOD which percolates through it. This MOD has the capacity to transport Al and Fe in the form of complex organometallic complexes capable of migrating through very kaolinitic materials. These results contribute to the understanding of the transfers of pedologically formed MOD in the deep aquifers.Under the hypothesis of the appearance of a climate with contrasting seasons, we have been able to show that a 90-day period without rain after the disappearance of the perched water-table would not allow to reach the point of entry of air by drying of superficial horizons. Nevertheless, assuming an air entry, the extrapolation of the experimentally measured mineralization rates under oxic conditions results in a production of atmospheric C around 2.0 1014 g of CO2 per year, which may involve a positive feedback from the global climate system
Rillard, Jean. "CO2 perturbation in aquifers : reaction kinetics and metals behavior." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10033/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to investigate hydrogeochemical perturbation induced by CO2 in natural aquifers. In a first step, we used chemical data from natural CO2-rich hydrothermal water. We studied variation of fluid chemical composition as a function of CO2 content in order to evaluate reactivity of minerals composing the initial reservoir. Fluid chemical analyses showed decrease in pH, and systematic enrichment in alkalinity and major cations correlated to increase in CO2 content. Chemical reaction was studied by kinetic approach to estimate variation of mineral reactive surface area as function of CO2 perturbation. Results showed that mineral reactive surface area could varied by two to four orders of magnitude as a function of CO2 perturbation. In a second step a field experiment of injection of water saturated with CO2 in aquifer has been carried out. Analysis of groundwater composition before and after injection allowed to study the impact of CO2 perturbation on water-rock interaction processes. A particular focus was made on dissolved metals behavior. Results showed a decrease in pH (from 7.3 to 5.7), involved with enrichment in alkalinity by a factor two, and by approximately one order of magnitude for dissolved metals (Fe, Mn, Zn) and by a factor two for As. Saturation index showed that dissolution of metals oxide such as ferrihydrite was correlated to iron release. These results showed that, in our field experimental conditions, CO2 perturbation induced an enrichment in dissolved elements with more significant effect on dissolved metals. These results highlight the importance of proper physic-chemical characterization of fluid and reservoir rock and in-situ kinetic of reaction in the eventual option of Co2 geological storage
Ho, van Son. "Cristallisation d'hydrates de cyclopentane en présence de l'eau salée et de dioxyde de carbone pour le traitement et le dessalement de l'eau." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02949575.
Full textThis thesis is an effort to fulfill the gap in the literature on cyclopentane (CP) hydrates for desalination and water treatment applications. Accordingly, it begins with a comprehensive review on Cyclopentane hydrates for hydrate-based treatment processes. This literature work covers all aspects of thermodynamics, kinetics, morphology, hydrate phase properties, and the recent use of Cyclopentane hydrates in desalting process that require to develop an advanced and sustainable technique via hydrate crystallization. Some challenges to overcome in the long term, and critical perspective suggestions are also addressed. A short conclusion is that cyclopentane hydrates, with additives, could be a candidate for desalination. Then, new thermodynamic equilibrium of cyclopentane hydrates are provided, in pure water and in presence of different electrolyte systems including NaCl, KCl, NaCl-KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, MgCl2-NaCl, MgCl2-NaCl-KCl, or Na2SO4. Results have been modelled with four approaches. The first is based on the standard freezing point depression (SFPD) equation. The second is based on Hu-Lee-Sum (HLS) correlation. The two others are based on van de Waals and Platteeuw model: either with the use of Kihara potential, or a simple correlation between water activity and the hydrate stoichiometry. The last one simulates the experimental results within 0.2°C uncertainty. Moreover, salt crystallization has been achieved, opening the possibility for product recovery with hydrate crystallization.Besides, the crystallization mechanisms, crystals growth rates, and morphology of cyclopentane hydrates crystals in pure water and in the presence of various salts (NaCl, NaCl-MgCl2, NaCl-KCl-MgCl2, or Na2SO4) have also been studied. A non-agitated reactor cell, connected to a microscope, has been employed, as well as different experimental conditions (subcooling and salinity).Finally, equilibrium data of binary CP+CO2 hydrates in pure water and in the presence of three electrolyte solutions (KCl, NaCl, and NaCl-KCl) are provided. Such results are interesting in the development of combined hydrate-based desalination and CO2 capture. Accordingly, an isochoric method is applied in a batch-mode reactor. A thermodynamic simulation tool based on van der Waals and Platteeuw approach and Kihara potential approach is utilized to reproduce equilibrium
Renard, Stéphane. "Rôle des gaz annexes sur l'évolution géochimique d'un site de stockage de dioxyde de carbone : application à des réservoirs carbonatés." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL025N/document.
Full textCapture and geological storage of CO2 are an main option to limit GHEG emissions of industrial poles and power plants. The captured gases are not constituted by pure CO2 but contain a fraction (until 10 %) of other gases : Ar, N2, SOx and NOx. Most of these gases are highly reactive and could have a strong influence on physical and chemical conditions of the milieu and on the environmement if contamination of neighbour aquifers occurs by leakages. Several laboratory experiments investigated the reactivity of carbonated reservoir and cap rocks from the Aquitaine Basin as well as the reactivity of synthetic mineralogical blends in geologically relevant P-T conditions. The rocks, associated to brine, were altered in presence of various gaseous components at 100 bar and 150°C during one month : pure CO2, pure SO2, pure NO and a CO2 mixture containing fractions of Ar, N2, SO2 and O2. Each experiment was compared with a blank in which the initial gas was replaced with pure N2. Pure CO2 show a limited reactivity on the rocks. NO and SO2 show a intrinsic reactivity by disproportionations in aqueous or vapour phases implying a high alteration of rocks by compled acid – base and oxidation mechanisms. The gas mixture show also a double reactivity : SO2 is oxidized in sulphuric acid dissolving carbonates and clay minerals and O2 oxidizes all reduced mineralogical phases. These gases even in limited fractions control the reactivity of rocks. Their presence could change the behaviour of the rock toward gas and induce positive as well as negative transformations. Their implication must be checked for each geological storage as a function of gas composition, mineralogy and petrophysical
Credoz, Anthony. "Réactivité des couvertures argileuses en présence de CO2 en conditions de stockage géologique profond : approche intégrée expérimentation-modélisation." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1747/.
Full textThis study offers a multi-scale vision of complex clayey caprocks reactivity and evolution. These formations are identified for the CO2 containment and sealing into the deep underground reservoir. From the experimental scale on purified clay minerals to integrative modeling at large space and time scales, the strategy developped allowed to identify the main geochemical processes, to check the good agreement between experiment and modeling, and to stress the operational impacts on long-term caprocks integrity. Carbonated cement alteration is likely to open caprock porosity and to create preferential reactive pathway for reactive fluid flow. Clay minerals alteration, including the illitization process, reduces the clay fraction volume but considerably limits the porosity increase. The illitization process in acidic conditions determined experimentally and by modeling at small and large scale, is coupled with silica precipitation. On the fundamental side, new kinetic parameters were determined for clay minerals and highlights new structural transformations. On the operational side, this study contributes to the acquisition of qualitative data (long-term reactive pathways of clayey caprocks, coupled carbonates/clays reactivity) and quantitative data (CO2 penetration distance into the caprock) to improve the performance and safety assessment of CO2 capture and geological storage
Sohaib, Qazi. "Capture post-combustion du dioxyde de carbone en couplant des contacteurs membranaires et liquides ioniques : étude expérimentale, modélisation et simulation." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG016.
Full textPost-combustion CO2 capture in a hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC), using imidazolium-based room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) and amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) as absorbents, was studied through an experimental and modeling approach. Equilibrium solubility of CO2 in RTILs was measured by isochoric pressure drop. Pore wetting was analyzed by measuring surface tension of the RTILs, contact angle and liquid entry pressure (LEP). The experimental work of CO2 capture from a gas mixture was carried out with a laboratory scale unit using a single HFMC for absorption or two coupled HFMCs one for absorption and a second for desorption working simultaneously. Furthermore, robust and rigorous dynamic modelling approaches were developed for isothermal (with RTILs) and non-isothermal (with AAILs) absorption. Both isothermal and non-isothermal models were validated with experimental data and were used to simulate a large range of operating conditions. Initial high values of CO2 absorption rate and experimental mass transfer coefficients decreased with operation time and reached a nearly constant value at pseudo-steady-state. Before reaching pseudo-steady-state, the separation efficiency of coupled process was higher when compared with the absorption with a single module
Cardinael, Rémi. "Stockage de carbone et dynamique des matières organiques des sols en agroforesterie sous climat méditerranéen et tempéré." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLA003/document.
Full textAgroforestry is a land use type where trees are associated with crops and/or animals within the same field. This agroecosystem could help mitigating climate change, and also contribute to its adaptation. The goal of this thesis was to evaluate the potential of soil organic carbon storage under agroforestry systems. This study was performped at the oldest experimental site in France, a trial supervised by INRA since 1995, but also at farmers' fields. Soil organic carbon stocks were compared between agroforestry and agricultural plots, down to 2 m soil depth. All organic inputs to the soil were quantified (tree roots, leaf litter, crop roots and residues). The stability of additionnal stored carbon was caracterised with soil organic matter fractionation, and soil incubations. A model of soil organic carbon dynamic was described in order to better undrestand this dynamic in agroforestry, especially in deep soil layers. This study revealed the interest and the potential of agroforestry systems in increasing soil organic carbon stocks, with accumulation rates of 0.09 to 0.46 t C ha -1 yr -1. It also reveals the role of tree rows in this storage, and the importance of carbon inputs from root mortality. However, it raises concerns about the stability of this storage
Gonzalez, Perez Alfonso. "Etudes expérimentales et modélisation du comportement de phase et des propriétés de transport des mélanges liés à la capture et au stockage du carbone." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM059/document.
Full textThe main aim of this research is to develop a thermodynamic model from an accurate equation of state (EoS) for CO2, hydrocarbons and other gases as N2, O2, Ar, etc. The SAFT-VR Mie EoS was selected to study the phase behaviour and transport properties of mixtures related to carbon capture and storage (CCS). In order to asses this new version of SAFT, several equations of state have been compared (PR, SRK and PC-SAFT). SAFT-VR Mie EoS provides very good density predictions for pure component and binary systems according to the comparative study carried out. Therefore, three transport properties were modelled with SAFT-VR Mie and two models based on density predictions from the EoS. Thus, density, viscosity and interfacial tension (IFT) of CO2-rich systems were calculated by this SAFT-EoS (density), TraPP model (viscosity) and DGT (IFT), in the framework of CCS. Some experimental work was done, in order to extend the available literature data. Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium of H2S-Ar binary system was determined at three temperatures from 258 to 288 K. Densities of five binary systems of H2S with methane, ethane and propane were measured continuously at 3 temperatures (253, 273 and 293K) and at pressures up to 30MPa. Following the same technique, the density of the ternary system 42%CO2, 40%CH4 and 18%H2S was measured at pressures ranging from 0.2 to 31.5MPa and at 6 temperatures between 253 and 353K. Densities and viscosities of a multicomponent CO2-rich with 50% of impurities were measured at 5 temperatures between 283 and 423 K and at pressures up to 150 MPa
Hedde, Mickaël. "Etude de la relation entre la diversité des macro-invertébrés et la dynamique de la matière organique des sols limoneux de Haute-Normandie." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES043.
Full textTwo hypothesis were tested in loamy soils located in Haute-Normandie (France) : firstly (H1) macro-detritivore diversity and soil OM are influenced by agricultural and silvicultural managements and secondly (H2) macro-detritivore assemblages influence soil OM dynamics. Relationships were investigated at stand scale and in laboratory microcosms. In forest soils, no relationship between macro-detritivore diversity and C stocks appeared from these empirical results, it arose that macro-detritivore diversity and some holorganic fractions are linked. Results from experimental manipulations show that macro-detritivore effects on beech leaf biodegradation can be split into distinct effects groups. Furthermore, functional diversity, assessed through morphological dissimilarity, rather than species diversity better explains assemblage performances. In agricultural soils, no link clearly appears between these parameters. Regarding laboratory experiments results, eathworm effects on C-CO2 release and soil aggregate OM content and stability depend on species identity and initial soil OM. Furthermore, in low OM soil, increasing species diversity stabilizes C mineralisation and but led to an increase of both aggregate OM content and stability. In conclusion, field results show that macro-detritivore species diversity is driven by soil occupancy rather by system dynamics, thus refuting (H1) hypothesis. Furthermore, soil C stock do not vary during forest rotation while it increase with pasture age, refuting and validating the (H1) hypothesis, respectively. On the other hand, microcosm experiments show that macro-detritivores diversity influences soil OM dynamics, validating (H2) hypothesis
Vallin, Valérie. "Modélisation chimio-poromécanique du comportement des géomatériaux dans le contexte du stockage géologique du dioxyde de carbone : application au puits d'injection." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1050/document.
Full textIn order to reduce in medium-term the anthropogenic original greenhouse gas, the processes of capture-transport-storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) is considered as a promising technology. Several pilot sites already exist in the world. However, before developing the technology on an industrial scale, experimental and numerical researches have to be performed in order to ensure the success and the sustainability of a storage project. In a storage site, the natural discontinuities of the rocks and of the injection wells are normally the preferential leak paths of CO2. In this context, the present PhD research focuses particularly on the cement injection wells. The problems of the integrity of the well and thus ensuring its sealing are the critical points of the caprock.After the injection and the ascent of the CO2 plume to the caprock, the cement paste of well at the triple zone (well/ reservoir/caprock) is contacted with a fluid saturated with dissolved CO2. Because of its acidity, such a fluid is reacted with geomaterials and causes diverse reactions of dissolution of the minerals in the cementitious matrix and precipitation reactions that may affect the material. This strong coupling existing between the chemical reactions and poro-mechanical behavior of the cement well can indeed induce damage to the cementitious matrix related to the modifications of the porosity and the transport characteristics, to the degradation of mechanical modulus, or to the development of localized pore pressure.A constitutive model fully coupled has been developed to simulate the chemo-poro-mechanical behaviour of the hard cement paste of the well with the presence of a CO2-rich fluid. This model has been implemented in two numerical codes: on the one hand, a finite volume code, and on the other hand, a finite element code, BIL, developed at the Navier Laboratory. The first implementation was found to be well adapted to the problems of reactive transport with sharp front, and is used in this thesis to modeling an one-dimensional geometry by combining the cement well and the caprock. The second implementation method is best suited to modeling the poro-mechanical behavior of cement, but, as we shall see, requires numerical adaptations in order to be suitable for modeling chemical phenomenon involving discontinuities. The mechanical damage related to chemical phenomena is evaluated firstly via a simplified micro-mechanical approach, and secondly a theory of isotropic damage. Finally, the results are compared to experimental tests from the scientific literature in the context of the CO2 geosequestration
Ricaurte, Fernandez Marvin José. "Séparation du co2 d’un mélange co2-ch4 par cristallisation d’hydrates de gaz : influence d’additifs et effet des conditions opératoires." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3031/document.
Full textThe separation of CO2 from a gas mixture by crystallization of gas hydrates is a process that could eventually provide an attractive alternative to the conventional techniques used for CO2 capture. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the potential of this "hydrate" process to separate CO2 from a CO2-CH4 gas mixture, rich in CO2. We have studied in particular the selectivity of the separation toward CO2 and the hydrate crystallization kinetics. The effects of thermodynamic and kinetic additives (and some additive combinations) on these two parameters for different operating conditions (pressure, temperature, concentrations) were evaluated. Hydrate formation and dissociation experiments were performed in "batch mode” in a high pressure reactor, and with an experimental pilot rig designed and built entirely during this thesis. A semi-empirical model was also developed to estimate the water to hydrate conversion and the composition of the different phases (hydrates, liquid and vapor) at equilibrium. The results show that the combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) used as a kinetic promoter, with tetrahydrofuran (THF) used as a thermodynamic promoter, provides interesting results in terms of both the amount of hydrates formed and the hydrate formation kinetics. The selectivity of the separation toward CO2 remains too low (an average of four CO2 molecules trapped in the hydrate structure for one of CH4) to consider using this "hydrate" process on a larger scale to separate CO2 from such a gas mixture
Musset, Yann. "Intégration du critère de dioxyde de carbone dans la localisation des industries : le cas du cluster industriel du Havre." Thesis, Le Havre, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEHA0022/document.
Full textEnvironmental problems, especially those related to the global warming have attracted extensive attention from the decision makers of companies. Their concerns on the environmental problems lead them to a reform of the mode of management. For the decision makers from industry who have to face the CO2 problem, whether they can be supported by the local government with respect to managing CO2 emissions becomes non trivial. In this thesis, we interviewed 50 decision makers from industries, government, and academic community. The significance of the CO2 problem in site selection is comprehensively evaluated. Our observations suggest that the CO2 problem is a minor factor. It can be measured by the cost. For the local government, there is no need to invest in the infrastructures of CO2 treatment at present. Our results thus provide a better understanding of the CO2 problem for the decision makers of local industries
Boulmene, Rida. "Etude théorique de l'aspect microscopique de la capture et du stockage de CO2 par les zéolites : étude des clusters de Zn-Imidazole et triazole avec CO2." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1093/document.
Full textSeveral experimental and theoretical studies have shown the ability of zeolitic-imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) materials to capture the CO2 gas. In this study, we have focused on the interaction of CO2 with one of the sub-unit of ZIFs ie the complex between the imidazole and zinc (Im-Zn+q, q = 0 ,1, 2) or triazole without zinc. Various adsorption sites are examined for these complexes.The calculations were performed using ab initio methods MP2; CCSD(T)-F12 and density functional theory with PBE PBE0, M1 and M05-2X functionals with different basis set (aug-cc-pVDZ, aug-cc-pVTZ and 6-311++G(d, p), tightly integrated in GAUSSIAN and MOLPRO packages. The Grimme corrections for dispersion forces description (DFT-D3) are also included.Our results shows that the stability of our complex structures is achieved by the presence of strong covalent bonds (chemical bonds of organic ligands) and also by Van der Waals and hydrogen weak bonds. Both types of bonding are in competition. This allowed us to better understand the experimental observations
Herfurth, Damien. "Impact des pratiques de gestion sur le stockage du Carbone dans le sol des écosystèmes prairiaux." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22589/document.
Full textThe fast increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, due to human activities is consider as the main cause of actual climate change. Terrestrial ecosystem are considered as a huge "sink" of C and may contribute to decrease greenhouse gases. Permanent grasslands cover 40% of land and their soil may contribute to sequester C (GIEC 2001). However, the processes involved and their regulations remain to be specified. The aim of the thesis was to analyze the effect of grazing management on soil C storage. This analysis was made from data acquired on two long term permanent grassland sites (SOERE ACBB) and by studying C fluxes between the different agroecosystem compartments under different grazing intensities for i) estimating our capacity to measure soil C storage after 10 years of grazing treatments by comparing two methods (soil inventories vs net carbon storage measurements), ii) to provide knowledge on the mechanisms and regulations affecting the dynamics of soil C sequestration. Comparing results of both methods, measurements indicated a net C sequestration in soil, with an average sequestration rate of 2.21 t C ha-1 yr-1 and 2.29 t C ha-1 year-1 and no significant difference between treatment but a tendency to a higher sequestration with more intensive management. Each method provides access to different information. The approach with flux towers allows a better understanding of the role and interactions between climate and practices on C fluxes in grasslands. Soil inventories showed carbon is store in deeper soil layers. While plant communities have evolved as a result of differentiated grazing treatments, measurements show no changes in total C stocks and particulate organic matter. Analysis of C fluxes after 7 years of differentiate grazing treatments, showed that treatments with low or zero grazing intensity led to a reduction of carbon fluxes between the compartments of the continuum of degradation, while carbon stocks in roots and POM were not affected by treatments. A complementary study conducted to estimate root production indicates that the response of roots (stocks and production) and stocks of particulate organic matter may be partly decoupled from the response of the aerial vegetation compartment. This study indicates that a more integrative approach on ecosystem functioning is necessary to increase our ability to predict the impact of management practices on C storage in grassland
Wang, Maxime Hao. "Étude de l’effet des impuretés sur la dégradation des alcanolamines utilisées dans un procédé de captage du dioxyde de carbone issu des fumées d’incinérateur de déchets industriels." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAM0009/document.
Full textIn the context of industrial symbiosis, the goal of this project is to reuse the carbon dioxide from the incinerator gas as a commercial substance. The most suitable technology of CO2 capture from postcombustion gas is the chemical absorption by alkanolamines. Some characteristics of waste incinerator gas may affect the performances of CO2 capture process. The composition of gas from industrial waste incinerator plant is characterized by a high concentration of oxygen and the presence of NOx and SOx. The first goal is to determine the influence of pollutants like NOx and SOx on the degradation of the amine and the second objective is to study the impact of pollutants on the CO2 absorption kinetics in a solvent
Neveux, Thibaut. "Modélisation et optimisation des procédés de captage de CO2 par absorption chimique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0266/document.
Full textCO2 capture processes by chemical absorption lead to a large energy penalty on efficiency of coal-fired power plants, establishing one of the main bottleneck to its industrial deployment. The objective of this thesis is the development and validation of a global methodology, allowing the precise evaluation of the potential of a given amine capture process. Characteristic phenomena of chemical absorption have been thoroughly studied and represented with state-of-the-art models. The e-UNIQUAC model has been used to describe vapor-liquid and chemical equilibria of electrolyte solutions and the model parameters have been identified for four solvents. A rate-based formulation has been adopted for the representation of chemically enhanced heat and mass transfer in columns. The absorption and stripping models have been successfully validated against experimental data from an industrial and a laboratory pilot plants. The influence of the numerous phenomena has been investigated in order to highlight the most limiting ones. A methodology has been proposed to evaluate the total energy penalty resulting from the implementation of a capture process on an advanced supercritical coal-fired power plant, including thermal and electric consumptions. Then, the simulation and process evaluation environments have been coupled with a non-linear optimization algorithm in order to find optimal operating and design parameters with respect to energetic and economic performances
Saber-Cherif, Walid. "Écoulements et rupture en milieu poreux déformable. Application au stockage géologique de CO2." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066535/document.
Full textUnderground carbon dioxyde (CO2) storage operation in deep geological formation like saline aquifers or gas reservoirs is considered to be a prospective solution to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. However CO2 sealing injection has to be assured for centuries. Once setting, the cement is a few centimeters thickness interface between the rock and the casing. This cementeous interface appears as the most critical point for the sealing and containment of CO2. A continuous stream of CO2 being injected into reservoir rock formation will cause in a region around the injection water desaturation and drying shrinkage of the reservoir and the cement paste and potentially hydraulic fracture. Therefore, the moisture balance with the CO2 reservoir induces water desaturation and drying shrinkage. Some local stresses are then expected because of the strain incompatibility between the cement and the steel casing and the high pressures levels. These stresses may result in a cracking process along the interface and in a secondary cracks network. In this context, we investigate how the poromechanical theory should be extended using a energy approach framework to describe the fracture mechanic induced by the fluid injection in a porous medium. The original idea of this approach consists in deriving the poro-mechanical equations introducing explicitly the multiphase flow. This model, aims at describing coupled flows in a damageable elastic porous medium, due to the combined influence of hydraulic and pressure gradients simultaneously imposed. The numerical implementation is based on a standard finite element discretization and adaptation of a eigenerosion model to simulate cracking
Abdoulghafour, Halidi. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation de l’altération des ciments fracturés en conditions de stockage du CO2." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20187/document.
Full textTitle: “Experimental characterization and modelling of the alteration of fractured cement under CO2 storage conditions.”The main purpose of this thesis was to characterize and to model the hydrodynamic and thermochemical processes leading to the alteration of the wellbore cement materials under borehole conditions. Percolation experiments were performed on fractured cement samples under CO2 storage conditions (60°C and 10MPa). Injection flow rate was dictated by the fracture aperture of each sample. CO2 enriched brine was flowed along the fracture aperture, and permeability changes as well as chemical evolution of major cations were continuously acquired during the experiment time. Reaction paths developed by the alteration of the cement were characterized using microtomography and ESEM images. The experiments conducted using samples presenting large fracture apertures during 5h showed that permeability was maintained constant during the experiment time. Three reacted layers were displaying by the alteration of portlandite and CSH. Long term experiment conducted with large initial fracture aperture showed a decrease of the permeability after 15hours of CO2 exposure. Otherwise, experiments performed on samples presenting narrow apertures indicated the conversion of portlandite and CSH to calcite leading to the permeability reduction and the fracture clogging. Assemblages of phases and chemical changes were modelled using GEMS-PSI speciation code. We studied also using a coupled transport-reactive model the conditions leading to the cement alteration and the formation of associated layers.Key words: Hydrodynamic and thermochemical processes, alteration, wellbore cement, CO2 storage, percolation experiments, numerical modeling
Bouchemoua, Amina. "Etude du captage du CO2 par la cristallisation des hydrates de gaz : Application au mélange CO2-N2." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783876.
Full textYounes, Mourad. "Capture du CO2 par anti-sublimation : conception, simulation et réalisation d'un prototype." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1192.
Full textMissions of CO2 are increasing, leading to temperature increase of Earth. This led to the Kyoto Protocol which aims at the elaboration of policies of limitation of the emissions of greenhouse gases among which CO2. A large number of options exist to limit CO2 emissions associated with energy production, one of them is developed in this dissertation, the CO2 capture from flue gases. Usual techniques of CO2 capture are briefly analyzed. The major part of this work concerns the development of a new CO2 capture based on the CO2 frosting at low temperature. The CO2 frosting is performed by a refrigerating system composed of an integrated cascade, which offers evaporating temperatures lower than the CO2 frosting temperature. Several architectures are analyzed in order to choose the most energy efficient one. A prototype mock-up has been designed and realized for the validation of the global concepts of the CO2 frosting and defrosting. The components have been sized using computerized tools developed for the modeling of multi-stage integrated cascades. The system includes two low-temperature evaporators operating alternatively in frosting and defrosting modes to permit continuous system operation. The "cold" energy from defrosting is recovered by the refrigerant blend, which permits to improve the energy efficiency of the system
Crème, Alexandra. "Impacts de la gestion des prairies sur le stockage du carbone et la nature biogéochimique des matières organiques du sol." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2275/document.
Full textSoil C sequestration reduces the effects of climate change, improves soil quality and food security. Soil organic matter (SOM) could be enhanced by introduction of ley grassland into the cropping cycle. The objective of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the effect of management practices of ley grassland on the quantity, composition and stabilization processes of SOM and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). My data showed legacy effects of duration and fertilization of the temporary grassland phase on SOM after 3 years of cropping. The duration of grassland phase influenced the quantity and composition of the microbial biomass as well as the nature of SOM. N fertilization during the grassland phase is necessary for soil C sequestration in soil without increasing GHG emissions.To replace mineral N fertilization, legumes may be used in forage production systems. Consequently, I was interested in the effect of introduction of lucerne on C, N and P forms in soils under lucerne-grass mixtures. My results indicate similar soil C stocks under mixtures and grass monocultures, despite the high productivity of lucerne. Molecular biomarkers indicated that the introduction of lucerne in grassland influenced the degradation of the SOM more than its stabilization. Moreover, the presence of lucerne influenced P forms in soils under mixtures.In conclusion, the introduction of ley grasslands into cropping cycles requires careful evaluation of the management practices in order to optimize C storage, GHG emissions and N fertilizer use
Toubassy, Joseph. "Étude et modélisation du givrage du CO2 sur un évaporateur à glissement de température." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0108.
Full textThe carbon dioxide capture and storage is the solution to reduce CO2 emissions from large stationary sources. CO2 capture by "Antisublimation" consists in cooling flue gases under the CO2 triple point, which goes then directly from vapor to solid phase. The CO2 concentration variation induces a temperature variation of about 20 K through the heat exchanger. The exergy optimization of the heat exchanger is a necessity to improve the CO2 separation and the process energy performance.Since the CO2 properties under the triple point are not defined, new equations are proposed to calculate CO2 thermodynamic properties for solid-vapor equilibrium. A CO2-N2 psychrometric chart is developed to represent the flue-gas gliding temperature. The study of the flue–gas side heat and mass transfer requires antisublimation understanding. The classical nucleation theory is adopted to identify parameters that affect the mass transfer and frost morphology. A qualitative and quantitative experimental investigation is performed to study the frost formation and its dependence on the supersaturation and solute concentration. The solid CO2 observation under 200x magnification ratio proves that antisublimation occurs by heterogeneous nucleation. A CFD multiphase and multi-component transient model able to predict the frost formation and growth as a function of the heat-exchanger structure and flow conditions is proposed
Lucile, Floriane. "Etude thermodynamique des équilibres liquide-vapeur des systèmes complexes CO2-eau-impuretés à haute pression. Expérimentation et modélisation." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3042/document.
Full textProduction of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuel participates in the global warming. This issue generates a growing interest for CO2 capture and storage from oxy fuel combustion. Before the sequestration step, the CO2 has to be purified from impurities. Separation processes require a good knowledge of thermodynamics properties of phase equilibria. In this context a new experimental device was designed and set up in the LaTEP to allow the study of the solubility of gas mixture involved in CO2 capture and storage processes (CO2, O2, NOx, SO2). The apparatus was, first, validated by studying the CO2-water system in the temperature range from 293.15 K to 393.15 K and at pressure up to 5 MPa. Then, the CO2-water-NaOH was studied because few data are available in the scientific literature. Experimental data obtained was compared with a model developed in this work. This model is based on a thermodynamic description of physical chemical phenomena occuring in a vapour liquid system. Two model of activity coefficient are compared (Pitzer and electrolyte-NRTL). The last step of this study is the parameter optimization for e-NRTL