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1
Tracey, John Paul, and n/a. "Assessing estimators of feral goat (Capra hircus) abundance." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Management, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050708.103427.
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(1) Reliable measures of population abundance are essential for managing wildlife
effectively. Aerial surveys provide a rapid and efficient means of surveying large mammals
and many techniques have been developed to adjust for the inability to count all animals
within transects. The probability of detection varies according to a range of factors which
are important to consider when estimating density. Standardised survey methods developed
in flat country are not readily transferable to steep terrain due to safety, access and
difficulties delineating transect widths. Other methods have logistic constraints and must
adhere to various other assumptions.
(2) Density estimators are seldom examined using actual population size, hence their
ability to correct for true bias is unknown. Studies that compare techniques are difficult to
interpret because of the uncertainty of adherence to their respective assumptions. Factors
influencing detection probability, estimators that correct for bias, the validity of their
assumptions and how these relate to true density are important considerations for selecting
suitable methods. The aim of this study was to obtain accurate and reliable methods for
estimating the density of feral goats by improving predictions of detection probability,
investigating the assumptions of aerial surveys, and examining the accuracy of 15 density
estimators by comparing with total counts of feral goats.
(3) Group size, vegetation and observer were the most important factors influencing the
probability of observing a group of goats during aerial surveys. However, different
approaches to analysing these data influenced the significance of variables and the
predicted probabilities. Goat colour, type of helicopter, site and rear observer experience in
hours were also found to be significant (P<0.05) when using likelihood equations based on
all animals in the population rather than only those in the sample. The slope of the terrain
was also shown to significantly (P=0.014) affect the probability of detection.
(4) Indices are commonly used in wildlife management for their simplicity and
practicality, but their validity has been questioned because of variable probability of
detection. Results of this study suggest aerial survey indices are useful in monitoring a
range of medium-sized mammal species across space and time if differences in detection
probability between species, group size, vegetation and observer are considered and their
effects are standardised.
(5) An assumption of most sampling regimes that is fundamental but rarely examined is
that animals are not counted more than once. In this study the behavioural responses of
feral goats to helicopters were investigated as a basis for estimating the probability that
goats were recounted. No long-term consequences were evident in feral goat behaviour of
responses to helicopters. However, helicopter surveys were found to alter the structure of
42% of groups observed, with 28% of groups merging with others and 14% splitting into
separate groups. Therefore, group size estimated from the air should not be considered as
biologically important, and when estimating density, researchers should also avoid using
group sizes determined from independent ground observations to correct group sizes
determined from aerial surveys. Goats were also more likely to flush further when
helicopters were within 150 m, which is close to or within standard helicopter strip widths.
Substantial movement occurred between transects and 21% of goats were estimated to be
available for recounting in adjacent transects.
(6) Different detection probabilities between groups of goats may be particularly
relevant when using double-counting, where multiple observers are �capturing� and
�recapturing� animals in the same instant. Many analyses test and adjust for this �unequal
catchability� assumption in different ways, with the approaches of Huggins and Alho
allowing prediction of unique probability values for a range of co-variates. The approach of
Chao attempts to correct for skewed distributions in small samples. The Horvitz-Thompson
approach provides a useful basis for estimating abundance (or density) when detection
probability can be estimated and is known to vary between observations according to a
range of independent variables, and also avoids errors associated with averaging group size.
(7) After correcting for recounting, the Alho estimator applied to helicopter surveys
was the most accurate (Bias = 0.02) and reliable of all techniques, which suggests that
estimates were improved by taking into account unconditional detection probability and
correcting individual observations according to their characteristics. The positive bias
evident in the Chao (Bias = 0.28) and Petersen (Bias = 0.15) aerial survey estimators may
have been a result of averaging detection probability across all observations. The
inconsistency and inaccuracy of the ground-based area-count technique emphasises the
importance of other assumptions in density estimation, such as representative sampling and
availability bias. The accuracy of index-manipulation-index techniques was dependent on
the indices used. Capture-recapture estimates using mustering showed slight negative bias
(Bias = -0.08), which was likely a result of increased probability of re-capture (i.e. trap
happy). Ground-based capture-resight estimates were labour intensive and positively biased
(Bias = 0.13), likely due to underestimating the area sampled, or overestimating the number
of unmarked individuals with each sample.
(8) Helicopter survey using double-counting is recommended for estimating the density
of feral goats in steep terrain. However, consideration of recounting under intensive
sampling regimes and adjustments for the factors that influence unconditional detection
probability is required.
2
Tracey, John Paul. "Assessing estimators of feral goat (Capra hircus) abundance." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://cicada.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20050708.103427/.
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Shi, Jianbin. "Habitat selection and foraging ecology of feral goats on the Isle of Rum, Scotland." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250289.
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Androukovitch, João Luiz. "Coleta de embriões via transcervical em cabras de Boer (Capra hircus)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/28791.
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Visando melhoria das técnicas de colheita embrionária por via transcervical em caprinos, o presente experimento testou a viabilidade da utilização da sonda uretral humana nessa espécie animal. Utilizou-se 18 animais da raça Boer puros de origem como doadores de embriões que, após serem superovulados foram tranqüilizados e colocados em uma mesa específica para colheita com o animal em estação. Com auxílio de um espéculo vaginal, a sonda foi introduzida via transcervical no interior do corpo uterino e procedeu-se as lavagens com solução fosfatada (PBS). Após as lavagens o conteúdo foi filtrado e os embriões avaliados e selecionados. Os percentuais relativos à viabilidade da passagem da cérvice, embriões coletados e volume de líquido coletado foram de 83,3%, 81,15% e 94,3% respectivamente. Viabilizando a técnica adotada, em função das dificuldades de se ultrapassar a cérvice em fêmeas primíparas, recomenda-se a adoção de outras técnicas
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Santos, Isabella Barbosa dos. "Viabilidade do parasitismo por Haemonchus placei em caprinos (Capra hircus) experimentalmente infectados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153384.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A caprinocultura é considerada um segmento de grande importância em agronegócios no país, gerando importante fonte de carne e leite, principalmente na região Nordeste. Entretanto, este criatório sofre grandes perdas econômicas devido às parasitoses que acometem o trato digestório. Dentre estas, destaca-se, o gênero Haemonchus, cujas espécies H. contortus e H. placei parasitam abomaso de caprinos e bovinos, respectivamente, havendo possibilidade de infecção cruzada dessas duas espécies helmínticas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade do parasitismo por H. placei em caprinos e compará-la à patogenicidade por H. contortus. Foram utilizados 14 caprinos, recém-nascidos, mantidos em gaiolas metálicas de piso suspenso, assim distribuídos: GI - quatro cabritos inoculados com 5000 larvas infectantes (L3) de H. placei, GII – quatro infectados com 5000 larvas infectantes (L3) de H. contortus, GIII – quatro animais inoculados com 2500 larvas L3 de H. contortus + 2500 H. placei e GIV – dois cabritos que receberam apenas água (controle). Exames de contagem de ovos de estrongilídeos por grama de fezes (OPG) foram realizados diariamente, após o 7º dia da inoculação. Os períodos pré-patentes foram de 24 dias para H contortus e de 31 dias para H. placei. O grupo inoculado apenas com H. placei apresentou médias de OPG inferiores quando comparado aos demais grupos. Decorridos 42 dias pós-infecção, os 14 caprinos foram eutanasiados e necropsiados, sendo coletados “in totum” os exemplares de Haemonchus. O grupo I apresentou média de 25,5 espécimes H. placei, o grupo II média de 619,5 de exemplares de H. contortus, o grupo III média de 120 exemplares de H. placei e 604,75 de H. contortus e no grupo IV nenhum helminto foi diagnosticado. Não foram constatadas quaisquer outras espécies e nem formas imaturas de Haemonchus no trato gastrintestinais dos caprinos. Fragmentos do abomaso foram coletados e armazenados em formol tamponado para análise histopatológica. Foram observados no grupo I lesões microscópicas leves apenas com poucos focos inflamatórios. Nos grupos II e III foram diagnosticadas lesões extensas, como edemas, focos inflamatórios difusos, infiltrado de eosinófilos, diminuição das células parietais. No grupo IV nenhuma alteração histopatológica foi diagnosticada. Nas condições desse estudo, a espécie caprina foi razoavelmente susceptível ao parasitismo por Haemonchus placei, sendo esse parasitismo mais proeminente nos animais que receberam infecção mista (H. placei + H. contortus).
Goat breeding is considered a very important segment in Brazilian agribusiness, generating a significant source of meat and milk. However, this industry suffers great economic losses due to parasitic diseases that affect the digestive tract, compromising their development. Among these, the Haemonchus genus stands out, with H. contortus and H. placei parasitizing goats and cattle, respectively, with the possiblity of cross infection between these helminth species in abomasu of hosts. The objective of the present study was to estimate the viability of H. placei parasitism in goats, and compare it with H. contortus pathogenicity. Fourteen newborn goats were used, distributed in the following way: GI - four goats inoculated with infective larvae (L3) of H. placei; GII – four animals infected with infective larvae (L3) of H. contortus; GIII - four caprines inoculated with larvae L3 of H. contortus + H. placei; and GIV - two goats that received only water (control). Each animal received 5000 L3 of Haemonchus species, in a single dose, orally. Egg per Gram of Feces (EPG) exams were performed daily after the 7th day of inoculation, establishing that the pre-patent period of H. contortus was 24 days and H. placei was 31 days. The group inoculated only with H. placei presented lower EPG means when compared to the other groups. After 42 days post-infection, all 14 goats were euthanized and necropsied, and Haemonchus specimens were collected “in totum". Group I presented an average of 25.5 specimens, while the mean of group II was 619.5, group III obtained an average of 120 specimens of H. placei and 604.75 of H. contortus and group IV did not present any specimens. No other species and no immature forms of Haemonchus were found in gastrintestinal tracts of experimental animals. Fragments of abomasum were collected and stored in buffered formalin for histopathological analysis, in which GI group showed mild microscopic lesions with only a few inflammatory foci, while groups II and III had extensive lesions, such as edema, diffuse inflammatory foci, eosinophilic infiltrate and hyperplasia of parietal cells. Group IV showed no changes. Under conditions of this study, the caprine species did not present itself as susceptible to parasitism by Haemonchus placei, with such parasitism being more prominent when in consortium with Haemonchus contortus.
6
Flint, Mark-Shannon. "Strategies and techniques to successfully feedlot goats (Capra hircus) in a commercial system /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19203.pdf.
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Santana, Luís Fernando [UNESP]. "Transmissão sexual do Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle & Manceaux, 1909) em caprinos (Capra hircus)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104645.
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santana_lf_dr_jabo.pdf: 959437 bytes, checksum: 45656ed9790dd5d6704a96f61bd9642d (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Caprinos machos em idade reprodutiva, sorologicamente negativos para Toxoplasma gondii, foram selecionados e distribuídos como apresentado a seguir: A - um caprino inoculado, via oral, com 2,0 x 105 oocistos da cepa P; B - um caprino inoculado, via subcutânea, com 1,0 x 106 taquizoítos da cepa RH e C - um caprino não inoculado mantido como controle. Após a inoculação dos machos com T. gondii, 12 cabras reprodutoras, não gestantes, sorologicamente negativas para as principais doenças reprodutivas, sobretudo toxoplasmose, foram sincronizadas. Em seguida, foram expostas à monta natural pelos machos, anteriormente inoculados: cinco cabras submetidas à monta natural pelo macho A (GI); cinco cabras submetidas à monta natural pelo macho B (GII) e duas cabras pelo macho C – controle (GIII). Nos soros das cabras obtidos nos dias -14, -7, -1 (antes da monta natural), e nos dias 3, 6, 9, 11, 14 e semanalmente até o parto, foi pesquisada a presença de anticorpos contra T. gondii pelo ELISA teste. Bioensaio em camundongos e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) foram realizados em amostras de sêmen e tecidos dos machos, tecidos das fêmeas e de seus respectivos “produtos”. Dez das 12 fêmeas utilizadas apresentaram anticorpos específicos contra T. gondii após a monta natural, sendo as cinco cobertas pelo macho inoculado com oocistos (GI) e cinco cobertas pelo caprino inoculado com taquizoítos (GII). Pelo bioensaio e pela PCR foi possível identificar, em várias datas experimentais em que ocorreu a monta natural, a presença do T. gondii nas amostras seminais dos caprinos inoculados. Posteriormente, após eutanásia, foi possível também isolar este parasito em algumas das amostras teciduais dos machos experimentais. Por estas mesmas técnicas de diagnóstico, identificou-se também a presença deste coccídio nas amostras teciduais das fêmeas experimentais, assim como de seus...
Male goats in reproductive age, serologically negative for Toxoplasma gondii, were selected and distributed according to the following arrangement: A - one goat inoculated orally with 2.0 x 105 oocysts of the strain P; B - one goat inoculated subcutaneously with 1.0 x 106 tachyzoites of the strain RH and C - one uninfected goat kept as control. After T. gondii inoculation, 12 nonpregnant female breeder goats serologically negative for the main reproductive diseases, especially toxoplasmosis, were synchronized and then exposed to natural mating by those males previously inoculated, being: five females submitted to natural mating by the male A (GI), five females exposed to natural mating by the male B (GII) and two females submitted to natural mating by the uninfected male (GIII). In sera obtained from all female goats on days -14, -7, -1, (before natural mating) and on days 3, 6, 9, 11, 14 and weekly until partum, the presence of antibodies against T. gondii was investigated by ELISA test. Bioassay in mice and PCR were performed on samples of semen and tissues of males and females and on their products which were stillbirths, fetus and offspring. Ten out of 12 females used showed specific antibodies against T. gondii after natural mating, being five from group GI and five from group GII. On several dates in which natural mating occurred, T. gondii was identified in semen samples of infected males by bioassay and PCR. Subsequently, after euthanasia, it was possible to isolate T. gondii in some of tissue samples from experimentally infected males. Moreover, by PCR and bioassay techniques it was also possible to identify T. gondii in tissue samples from experimentally infected females as well as their products (stillbirths, fetus and offspring). It was not possible to notice any clinical signs of toxoplasmosis Therefore, these results proved, for the first time, the sexual transmission of toxoplasmosis in goat species
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Santana, Luís Fernando. "Transmissão sexual do Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle & Manceaux, 1909) em caprinos (Capra hircus) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104645.
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Resumo: Caprinos machos em idade reprodutiva, sorologicamente negativos para Toxoplasma gondii, foram selecionados e distribuídos como apresentado a seguir: A - um caprino inoculado, via oral, com 2,0 x 105 oocistos da cepa P; B - um caprino inoculado, via subcutânea, com 1,0 x 106 taquizoítos da cepa RH e C - um caprino não inoculado mantido como controle. Após a inoculação dos machos com T. gondii, 12 cabras reprodutoras, não gestantes, sorologicamente negativas para as principais doenças reprodutivas, sobretudo toxoplasmose, foram sincronizadas. Em seguida, foram expostas à monta natural pelos machos, anteriormente inoculados: cinco cabras submetidas à monta natural pelo macho A (GI); cinco cabras submetidas à monta natural pelo macho B (GII) e duas cabras pelo macho C - controle (GIII). Nos soros das cabras obtidos nos dias -14, -7, -1 (antes da monta natural), e nos dias 3, 6, 9, 11, 14 e semanalmente até o parto, foi pesquisada a presença de anticorpos contra T. gondii pelo ELISA teste. Bioensaio em camundongos e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) foram realizados em amostras de sêmen e tecidos dos machos, tecidos das fêmeas e de seus respectivos "produtos". Dez das 12 fêmeas utilizadas apresentaram anticorpos específicos contra T. gondii após a monta natural, sendo as cinco cobertas pelo macho inoculado com oocistos (GI) e cinco cobertas pelo caprino inoculado com taquizoítos (GII). Pelo bioensaio e pela PCR foi possível identificar, em várias datas experimentais em que ocorreu a monta natural, a presença do T. gondii nas amostras seminais dos caprinos inoculados. Posteriormente, após eutanásia, foi possível também isolar este parasito em algumas das amostras teciduais dos machos experimentais. Por estas mesmas técnicas de diagnóstico, identificou-se também a presença deste coccídio nas amostras teciduais das fêmeas experimentais, assim como de seus ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: Male goats in reproductive age, serologically negative for Toxoplasma gondii, were selected and distributed according to the following arrangement: A - one goat inoculated orally with 2.0 x 105 oocysts of the strain P; B - one goat inoculated subcutaneously with 1.0 x 106 tachyzoites of the strain RH and C - one uninfected goat kept as control. After T. gondii inoculation, 12 nonpregnant female breeder goats serologically negative for the main reproductive diseases, especially toxoplasmosis, were synchronized and then exposed to natural mating by those males previously inoculated, being: five females submitted to natural mating by the male A (GI), five females exposed to natural mating by the male B (GII) and two females submitted to natural mating by the uninfected male (GIII). In sera obtained from all female goats on days -14, -7, -1, (before natural mating) and on days 3, 6, 9, 11, 14 and weekly until partum, the presence of antibodies against T. gondii was investigated by ELISA test. Bioassay in mice and PCR were performed on samples of semen and tissues of males and females and on their products which were stillbirths, fetus and offspring. Ten out of 12 females used showed specific antibodies against T. gondii after natural mating, being five from group GI and five from group GII. On several dates in which natural mating occurred, T. gondii was identified in semen samples of infected males by bioassay and PCR. Subsequently, after euthanasia, it was possible to isolate T. gondii in some of tissue samples from experimentally infected males. Moreover, by PCR and bioassay techniques it was also possible to identify T. gondii in tissue samples from experimentally infected females as well as their products (stillbirths, fetus and offspring). It was not possible to notice any clinical signs of toxoplasmosis Therefore, these results proved, for the first time, the sexual transmission of toxoplasmosis in goat species
Orientador: Alvimar José da Costa
Coorientador: Gilson Pereira de Oliveira
Banca: Odilon Vidotto
Banca: Carlos Noriyuki Kaneto
Banca: Flávio Ruas de Moraes
Banca: Paulo Henrique Franceschini
Doutor
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Buss, Peter Erik. "The pharmacodynamics of etorphine, and its combination with xylazine or azaperone in Boer goats (Capra hircus)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27958.
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The physiological effects of etorphine, and etorphine combined with xylazine and etorphine combined with azaperone on respiratory and cardiovascular function were determined in. Boer goats. The goats were habituated to the experimental procedures allowing the determination of respiratory and cardiovascular function while the animals stood quietly at rest. This resulted in the physiological changes induced by the three immobilizing drugs being measured and compared with those obtained prior to the administration of the immobilizing drugs. The: effectiveness of diprenorphine and atipamezole in antagonising the physiological changes induced by the immobilizing drug treatments was also determined. All three immobilizing drug treatments depressed respiratory function resulting in a decrease in PaO2and an increase in PaCO2. Etorphine caused limited changes to these blood gases as a result of decreases in respiratory minute volume and alveolar minute ventilation caused by a fall in respiratory rate. The administration of etorphine / azaperone did not decrease the efficiency of respiration more significantly than when etorphine was administered on its own. Etorphine injected in combination with xylazine resulted in a severe decrease in respiratory function. The decrease in PaO2 and the increase in PaCO2 were much greater than the changes to these two blood gases following the administration of either etorphine or etorphine in combination with azaperone. Compared to etorphine administered on its own, etorphine combined with xylazine caused more significant decreases in tidal volume and alveolar minute ventilation, and more significant elevations in both physiological shunt fraction and percentage dead space ventilation. The administration of etorphine, etorphine / xylazine and etorphine / azaperone caused three different sets of changes to cardiovascular function. The injection of etorphine resulted in significant increases in both total peripheral resistance and systemic mean arterial blood pressure, and a significant decease in cardiac output. The administration of etorphine / xylazine resulted in a rapid and significant decrease in the systemic mean arterial blood pressure, followed by a decrease in cardiac output. The peripheral resistance remained unchanged. Etorphine / azaperone caused a progressive decline in the total peripheral resistance. As the cardiac output did not change significantly, the systemic mean arterial blood pressure fell progressively. The administration of etorphine resulted in a gradual and limited decrease in the oxygen consumption index. Following the injection of etorphine / xylazine a rapid and significant decrease in the oxygen consumption index resulted, which was significantly lower, when compared to the goats immobilized with etorphine, at 5 and 35 minutes PDA. The injection of etorphine / azaperone resulted in a gradual decrease in the oxygen consumption index which reached a minimum value at 35 minutes PDA. At this time, the oxygen consumption index due to etorphine / xylazine was not significantly different from the value due to etorphine / azaperone. Diprenorphine effectively reversed the respiratory and cardiovascular effects due to etorphine. The physiological changes induced by the administration of etorphine / xylazine were partially and temporarily antagonised by the administration of diprenorphine, it was only following the injection of atipamezole that they return to the values measured in the goats prior to immobilization. Diprenorphine effectively reversed the respiratory depression induced by etorphine / azaperone, however a mild acidosis persisted until the end of the trial period. The cardiac output and systemic mean blood pressure improved dramatically following the injection of diprenorphine but there was no immediate change in total peripheral resistance.Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
unrestricted
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Almeida, Carlos Augusto Scacchetti de. "Avaliação do Teste Cervical Comparativo no diagnóstico imunoalérgico da tuberculose em caprinos (Capra hircus)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-22042009-080605/.
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O crescimento da caprinocultura no Brasil e a necessidade de controle sanitário dessas criações justificam o estudo de avaliação do teste tuberculinico na espécie caprina. Utilizando os parâmetros de Silva et al. (2006) foram avaliados 600 caprinos procedentes dos Estados de Minas Gerais, Paraná, Pernambuco, Paraíba e São Paulo. Baseados nos valores do Teste Cervical Comparativo (TCC) 60 animais foram selecionados e submetidos a exame clínico, eutanásia e colheita de material para exames microbiológicos, histopatológicos e moleculares. Dos 36 caprinos positivos, 27 (72%) resultaram em isolamento de micobactérias tipificadas como sendo do complexo M. tuberculosis. Foram identificados focos de tuberculose em caprinos nos Estados de São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Paraíba. Além do isolamento de micobactérias do complexo M. tuberculosis, foram identificados em alguns animais outras bactérias como M. kansasii, M. flavescens, M. avium, complexo M. florentinum M. lentiflavum M. simiae, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis e C. bovis. Em um caso houve o isolamento de C. bovis concomitante com micobactéria do complexo M. tuberculosis. As lesões macroscópicas e histopatológicas não diferenciaram a infecção provocada por C. bovis. ou por micobactéria do complexo M. tuberculosis. Os resultados bacteriológicos, histopatológicos e de identificação genética validam a utilização do padrão de interpretação de Silva et al. (2006) no TCC para o diagnóstico da tuberculose em caprinos.The development of farming goats in Brazil, and the need of sanitary control of these flocks, justify the study of tuberculin test evaluation in goats. Using cut-off points established by Silva et al. (2006), 600 goats from Minas Gerais, Paraná, Pernambuco, Paraíba and São Paulo states were evaluated. According to Comparative Cervical Test values, 60 goats were selected, and submitted to clinical exams, euthanized and materials collected for microbiologycal, histopathologycal and genetic typing. Out of the 36 positive goats, 27 (72%) had isolation of micobacteria classified like Mycobaterium tuberculosis complex. Focus of tuberculosis were identified in São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Paraíba states. Besides isolation of the M. tuberculosis complex micobacteria, other bacterias like M. kansasii, M. flavescens, M. avium, M. florentinum lentiflavum simiae complex, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and C. bovis were identified in some animals. In one case, isolation of C. bovis occurred together with micobacteria of the M. tuberculosis complex. The macroscopic and histopathological lesions did not discriminate infection for C. bovis or of the M. tuberculosis complex micobateria. The bacteriological, histopathological and genetic typing results validate the use of cut-off points established by Silva et al. (2006), in the Cervical Comparative Test for diagnosis of tuberculosis in goats.
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MOURA, Andréa Paiva Botelho Lapenda de. "Qualidade microbiológica da carne caprina (capra hircus, Linneaus, 1778) comercializada na cidade do Recife." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2006. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5108.
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Andrea Paiva Botelho Lapenda Moura.pdf: 326144 bytes, checksum: 620eeb1d70babd2fa43af8e1560d7095 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T13:32:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Paiva Botelho Lapenda Moura.pdf: 326144 bytes, checksum: 620eeb1d70babd2fa43af8e1560d7095 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-20
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Evaluation of microbiological quality of chilled and in natural goat meat sold in public/private markets and supermarkets of Recife concerning Staphylococcus aureus counting, total and thermotolerant coliforms,identification and typing of Salmonella spp, was the objective of this study. Antimicrobial sensibility profile in vitro of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp samples and the correlation between the simultaneous presence of faecal coliforms and Salmonella spp. were also performed. The study was carried out at six public/private markets and nine supermarkets of Recife, which were selected according to the administrative division of Local Authority Healthy General Office in six sanitary districts. A total of 24 samples of goat meat, 14 proceeded from public/private markets in natura and 10 chilled ones from supermarkets. Samples were processed using methodologies recommended by the Agriculture, Pecuary and Provision Ministry. Results demonstrated that 11 samples (45,83%) presented positive coagulasis staphylococcus (SCP) varying from 6.7 x 103 to 1.4 x 106 UFC/g, corresponding to 27 isolated from a total of 89. In total coliforms analyses, five samples (20.83%) presented satisfactory sanitary conditions and 19 (79.16%) had countings varying from 4.3 x 103 to 3.7 x 107, thermotolerants coliforms were detected in 15 (62.5%), which countings varied from 2 x 104 to 2.5 x 107 UFC/g and nine samples (37.5%) presented satisfactory sanitary conditions. Presence of Salmonella spp., was confirmed at seven samples (29.17%) in which eight sorovares were typed: four (50%) Salmonella enterica subsp houtenae (O:53), two (25%) S. Anatum, one (12.50%) S.Rubislaw and one (12, 50%) S. Derby. No correlation was observed among coliforms and Salmonella presure. Antimicrobial profile sensibility showed that S. aureus were sensitive to norfloxacin and vancomicin (100%), tetraciclin and sulpha + trimetoprim (96.30%) and oxacilin (87.50%) and 100 % of Salmonella spp. samples were sensitive norfloxacin, 75% sulpha + trimetoprim and 62.5% tetraciclin. It is concluded that goat meat sold at markets and supermarkets of Recife presented undesirable microbiological patterns emphasizing the importance of a strong supervision at the productive goat meat chain as well as a revision of the Resolution of Collective Management from the National Agency of Sanitary Vigilance, (RDC, n°12/2001) which does not establish microbiological patterns for the coliforms and Staphylococcus spp countings in chilled and in natura goat meat.
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da carne caprina in natura e resfriada, comercializada em mercados públicos/privados e supermercados na Cidade do Recife, quanto a contagem de Staphylococcus aureus, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, e identificação e tipificação de Salmonella spp. Realizou-se, também, o perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro de amostras de Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella spp e a correlação entre a presença simultânea de coliformes fecais e Salmonella spp. O estudo foi realizado em seis mercados públicos/privados e nove supermercados da Cidade do Recife, selecionados seguindo a divisão administrativa da Secretaria de Saúde do Município em seis Distritos Sanitários. Foram analisadas 24 amostras de carne caprina, sendo 14 in natura procedentes de mercados públicos/privados e 10 resfriadas de supermercados. As amostras foram processadas utilizando metodologias preconizadas pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Os resultados demonstraram que 11 (45,83%) amostras apresentaram contagens de estafilococos coagulase positiva (SCP) variando de 6,7 x 103 a 1,4 x 106 UFC/g, correspondendo a 27 isolados de um total de 89. Para coliformes totais, cinco (20,83%) amostras encontravam-se em condições sanitárias satisfatórias e 19 (79,16%) apresentaram contagens variando de 4,3 x 103 a 3,7 x 107; e para termotolerantes 15 (62,5%) apresentaram contagens variando de 1,2 x 104 a 2,5 x 107 UFC/g e nove (37,5%) encontravam-se em condições sanitárias satisfatórias. Foram confirmadas em sete (29,17%) amostras a presença de Salmonella spp., nas quais foram tipificadas oito sorovares: quatro (50,00%) Salmonella enterica subsp houtenae (O:53), duas (25,00%) S. Anatum, uma (12,50%) S.Rubislaw, uma (12,50%) S. Derby. Não se observou correlação entre as bactérias estudadas. O perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana demonstrou que os antibióticos mais indicados para o tratamento de S. aureus foram norfloxacina e vancomicina (100%), tetraciclina e sulfa + trimetoprim (96,30%) e oxacilina (87,50%) e para Salmonella spp. 100% das amostras foram sensíveis à norfloxacina, 75,00% à sulfa + trimetoprim e 62,5% para tetraciclina. Conclui-se que a carne caprina comercializada nos mercados e supermercados da Cidade do Recife apresentou padrões microbiológicos indesejáveis ressaltando a importância da necessidade de uma maior fiscalização na cadeia produtiva da carne caprina bem como rever a Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (RDC, n°12/2001) que não estabelece padrões microbiológicas para a contagem de coliformes termotolerantes e Staphylococcus spp. em carne caprina in natura e resfriada.
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VASCONCELOS, Kath Freire de. "Contribuição da iridologia no diagnóstico de mastite subclínica em caprinos (Capra hircus, Linaeus, 1758)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5723.
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Kath Freire de Vasconcelos.pdf: 4349613 bytes, checksum: bc483327dfe70d238ea0a29b6b376704 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-14T14:49:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kath Freire de Vasconcelos.pdf: 4349613 bytes, checksum: bc483327dfe70d238ea0a29b6b376704 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-15
Mastitis is one of the major infection diseases in dairy herds, especially in its subclinical form, because it leads to great economic losses and public health. Your early and accurate diagnosis is essential to reduce damage and prevent clinical manifestation of disease. The objective of this research was then seeking a new assistive technology for the early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in goats. With this purpose were collected milk samples from 38 goats, of herds of the city of Venturosa–PE, to realization of Somatic Cell Count and lactic culture plus photographs taken of the iris of the animals. The analysis was conducted in two regions of the iris: at the right iris in the level of 8:15 pm and in the left iris of 3:45 pm correspond to “Region A”; the right iris at 6:15 pm and 5:45 pm in the left iris correspond to “Region B”. The region A corresponds to the iridologic location of human mammary gland (chest) and the region B to the inguinal region. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the iridologic location of goat mammary gland does not correspond to the same iridologic location of human mammary gland. In animals with clinical and histopathologic confirmation, corresponding iridologic signs were observed, suggesting that goat mammary gland is located in the region corresponding to groin. This study affirms the potencial of iridology, but noting the need for more detailed scientific studies on the subject.
A mastite é uma das principais doenças infecto-contagiosas dos rebanhos leiteiros, especialmente na sua forma subclínica, pois leva a grandes prejuízos econômicos e à saúde pública. O seu diagnóstico preciso e precoce é fundamental para diminuir os prejuízos e evitar a manifestação clínica da doença. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi então buscar uma nova tecnologia auxiliar para o diagnóstico precoce da mastite subclínica em caprinos. Com este intuito foram colhidas amostras de leite de 38 cabras, de rebanhos do município de Venturosa–PE, para a realização da Contagem de Células Somáticas e da Lactocultura além de realizadas fotografias das íris dos animais. A análise foi realizada em duas regiões das íris: na íris direita ao nível de 8,15h e na íris esquerda 3,45 correspondem à Região A; na íris direita ao nível de 6,15h e na íris esquerda a 5,45 correspondem à Região B. A região A corresponde à localização iridológica da glândula mamária humana (tórax) e a região B à região inguinal. Os resultados obtidos nos permitem concluir que a localização iridológica da glândula mamária caprina não corresponde à mesma localização iridológica da glândula mamária humana. Nos animais dignosticados clinicamente e confirmados através dos exames histopatológicos, foram observados sinais iridológicos correspondentes, sugerindo que a glândula mamária caprina localiza-se na região iridológica correspondente a região inguinal. O presente estudo assevera o potencial da iridologia, embora observe-se a necessidade de estudos científicos mais detalhados sobre o tema.
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BEZERRA, Vilma Sobral. "Caracterização e atividade biológica de peptídeos obtidos pela hidrólise enzimática de caseína do leite de cabra Moxotó (Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4608.
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Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-06T14:55:01Z
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Vilma Sobral Bezerra.pdf: 3241045 bytes, checksum: 1dbe7e33df34dacca3124c036d6370bd (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-06T14:55:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vilma Sobral Bezerra.pdf: 3241045 bytes, checksum: 1dbe7e33df34dacca3124c036d6370bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-15
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Dairy proteins have bioactive peptides production great potential, however, their bioactivity is achieved only after enzymatic hydrolysis, which produces substances beneficial to health when incorporated into food or pharmaceuticals. Among them, casein has been used for this purpose. This study aims to determine peptide profile and amino acid sequence of bioactive peptides derived from Moxotó goat milk casein hydrolysis, using proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, pepsin, papain and a protease extracted from Penicillium aurantiogriseum URM 4622. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using a statistical experimental design, which independent variables were pH, enzyme substrate (E: S), temperature and reaction time in Moxotó goat milk casein hydrolysis. Hydrolysis products were visualized in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Hydrolysates subjected to ultrafiltration (cut off 3000Da) were used to determine biological properties. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS + [2,2 '-Azin-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline) 6-sulfonic acid] method, using the pool of peptides (permeate <3000Da; retentate >3000Da). Antimicrobial activity was determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Binding through the zinc solubility of zinc in the sample by Mass Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma. Peptide profile and amino acid sequences were determined by mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. The best hydrolysis degree (38.27%) was obtained with pepsin enzyme pH 3.0, 1:100 E: S, temperature of 40°C and 5 hours time reaction. However, a high hydrolysis degree precluded the use of these hydrolysates for bioactive peptides obtention. Casein tryptic hydrolysates demonstrated antioxidant activity up to 3242.3 μmol.L-1TROLOX/mg peptide in retentate (> 3000Da). By papain use, we obtained an activity up to 2329.6 μmol.L-1TROLOX /mg of peptide in permeate (<3000Da). The peptides produced by P. auratiogriseum protease action showed activity from 843.17 to 2587.30 μmol.L-1of Trolox / mg of 10 and 29% peptides hydrolysates, respectively, which were compatible with natural antioxidants, such as C vitamin and α-tocopherol. Goat casein tryptic hydrolysates demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 6057, Escherichia coli ATCC 2508, Klebisiela pneumoniae ATCC 29665, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Casein hydrolysates showed IC50 of 4.46 mg/g for zinc binding. Mass spectrometry MALDI TOF MS\MS allowed the visualization of caprine casein peptides in permeate (<3000Da), ranging from 568 to 2923 Da. It also showed LLYQEPVLGPV and HPINHQGLSPEVPNENLLR amino acids sequences for αs1 and β-casein, respectively, from casein tryptic hydrolysates; LLYQEPVLGPV sequences of β-casein, the NPWDQVK αs2 NENLL-casein and-casein in the αS1 casein hydrolysates by papain use; LLYQEPVLGPVRGPFPI β-casein sequence from casein hydrolysates obtained by the use of P. aurantiogriseum URM 4622 protease. The casein hydrolysates bioactive properties are referent to the prevalence of hydrophobic amino acids, which possibility of their use as bioactive peptides.
Proteínas lácteas apresentam grande potencial na produção de peptídeos bioativos. A caseína se destaca na produção de bioativos. Entretanto, a sua bioatividade só é conseguida após hidrólise enzimática, ao qual se produz substâncias benéficas à saúde quando incorporados em alimentos ou produtos farmacêuticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de caracterizar e a avaliar atividades biológicas e determinando o perfil peptídico e a sequência de aminoácidos dos peptídeos bioativos obtidos a partir de hidrólise da caseína do leite de cabra Moxotó, usando enzimas proteolíticas tripsina, pepsina, papaína e protease extraída de Penicillium aurantiogriseum URM 4622. A hidrólise enzimática foi realizada através de planejamento experimental estatístico, os quais as variáveis independentes foram pH, relação enzima substrato (E:S), temperatura e tempo de reação na hidrólise da caseína do leite de cabra Moxotó. Os produtos de hidrólise foram visualizados em eletroforese SDS‑PAGE. Os hidrolisados submetidos à ultrafiltração (Cut off 3000Da) foram utilizados para determição das propriedades biológicas. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada no pool de peptídeos, permeado (<3000Da) e retentado (>3000Da) usando-se o método ABTS+ [2,2’-azino-bis (3-etilbenzotiazolin) 6-ácido sulfônico]. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pelo método do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. O carreamento de zinco através da solubilidade do zinco na amostra através da Espectrometria de Massa em Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado. O perfil peptídico e as sequências de aminoácidos foram determinados por espectrometria de massa MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. O melhor grau de hidrólise (38,27%) foi obtido com a enzima pepsina usando pH 3,0, E:S de 1:100, 40ºC e 5 horas de reação. Entretanto, um alto grau de hidrólise impossibilitou o uso desses hidrolisados para obtenção de peptídeos bioativos. Os hidrolisados trípicos da caseína mostraram atividade antioxidante de até 3.242,3μmol.L-1TROLOX/mg de peptídeo no retentado (>3000Da). Com o uso da papaína, obteve-se uma atividade de até 2.329,6μmol.L-1TROLOX/mg de peptídeo no permeado (<3000Da). Os peptídeos produzidos pela ação da protease produzida por P. auratiogriseum apresentaram atividade de 843,17 a 2.587,30μmol.L-1de TROLOX/mg de peptídeos para os hidrolisados com 10 e 29% respectivamente, os quais foram compatíveis a antioxidantes naturais, como a vitamina C e α-tocoferol. Os hidrolisados trípticos da caseína caprina apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana frente a Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 6057, Escherichia coli ATCC 2508, Klebisiela pneumoniae ATCC 29665, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Os hidrolisados de caseína mostraram IC50 de 4,46mg/g para carreamento de zinco. A espectrometria de massa MALDI TOF MS permitiu visualizar os peptídeos no permeado (<3000Da) da caseína caprina, na faixa de 568 a 2.923 Da. Mostraram as sequências LLYQEPVLGPV e HPINHQGLSPEVPNENLLR e da β- e αs1-caseina para hidrolisados trípticos da caseína; as sequências LLYQEPVLGPV da β-caseína, NPWDQVK da αs2-caseina e NENLL da αS1-caseína nos hidrolisados da caseína com o uso da papaína e a sequência LLYQEPVLGPVRGPFPI da β-caseina no hidrolisado da caseína com o uso da protease produzida por P. aurantiogriseum URM 4622. As propriedades bioativas dos hidrolisados da caseína referem-se à prevalência de aminoácidos hidrofóbicos, o que possibilita o uso destes como peptídeos bioativos.
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LIRA, Tatiana Barros Ferreira. "Avaliação das variáveis que influenciam o grau de hidrólise enzimática da caseína do leite de cabra (Capra hircus Linnaeus,1758) Moxotó." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5868.
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Tatiana Barros Ferreira Lira.pdf: 440885 bytes, checksum: cdf11c6935644d329907c03c11cbdce8 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-07T12:46:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Barros Ferreira Lira.pdf: 440885 bytes, checksum: cdf11c6935644d329907c03c11cbdce8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-22
Goat’s milk is the product derived from the complete milking, uninterrupted, in conditions of hygiene, goat healthy, well fed and rested. Casein is the major protein component of milk, constituting about 80% of the total fraction of milk proteins. The control of hydrolytic parameters of milk casein is an important step for obtaining products with high nutritional quality, desirable functional properties, organoleptic characteristics appropriate to the consumer. Casein is the first choice as a protein source in the preparation of protein hydrolysates, was obtained by isoelectric precipitation and enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using trypsin, pepsin and papain. The effect of pH, temperature, time and enzyme:substrate ratio on the hydrolysis degree was evaluated according to the results obtained in the factorial statistical design (24). Electrophoresis in SDS-PAGE was performed to monitor the hydrolysis products. The best values of degree hydrolysis obtained for the enzymes papain, trypsin and pepsin were 28,17%, 29,55% and 38,27%, respectively . It was possible to establish the conditions for hydrolysis of goat’s milk Moxotó casein using proteolytic enzymes, but the pepsin, showed the best hydrolysis degree and was detected by SDS-PAGE peptides just molecular weight below 14,4kDa.
O leite de cabra é o produto oriundo da ordenha completa, ininterrupta, em condições de higiene, de animais da espécie caprina sadios, bem alimentados e descansados. A caseína é o principal componente protéico do leite, constituindo aproximadamente 80% da fração total de proteínas do leite. O controle dos parâmetros hidrolíticos da caseína do leite é uma etapa importante para se obter produtos com qualidade nutricional elevada, propriedades funcionais desejáveis e características organolépticas agradáveis ao consumidor. A caseína foi escolhida como fonte protéica na preparação de hidrolisados enzimáticos, obtida por precipitação isoelétrica e submetida à hidrólise enzimática usando-se tripsina, pepsina e papaína. O efeito do pH, temperatura, tempo e relação enzima: substrato sobre o grau de hidrólise foi avaliado de acordo com os resultados obtidos no planejamento fatorial completo (24). A eletroforese em SDS-PAGE foi realizada para avaliação dos produtos de hidrólise. Os melhores valores de grau de hidrólise obtidos para as enzimas papaína, tripsina e pepsina foram 28,17%, 29,55% e 38,27%, respectivamente. Os resultados possibilitaram estabelecer as melhores condições de hidrólise da caseína do leite de cabra Moxotó, com as enzimas proteolíticas utilizadas, porém a pepsina apresentou melhor grau de hidrólise e foi possível detectar pela eletroforese SDSPAGE apenas peptídeos com peso molecular abaixo de 14,4kDa.
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Rego, Ramon de Sousa. "Polimorfismo no Gene que Codifica a ?-lactoglobulina e associa??o com caracter?sticas de produ??o em caprinos leiteiros." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1303.
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2014 - Ramon de Sousa Rego.pdf: 1491511 bytes, checksum: 746021e21f53b13713de3e8e94d03121 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T11:49:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Ramon de Sousa Rego.pdf: 1491511 bytes, checksum: 746021e21f53b13713de3e8e94d03121 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-26
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
The protein quality of milk of goats and digestibility of the lipid fraction are important factors that stand out when compared to milk from cows. The ?-lactoglobulin is the higher abundant protein in whey ruminants being produced in the mammary gland during lactation. It may represent up to 12% of the total protein. We seek to present work was to evaluate the gene ?-Lactoglobulin (BLG) with their genetic polymorphisms in the promoter regions 5 'and 3' UTR and associate them the characteristics of milk production in experimental goat herd. For this 150 goats (Capra hircus) of Saanen and Alpine, genotyped for polymorphisms of the BLG gene were used. For genotyping 10 mL of blood per animal were collected. The blood was used for DNA extraction and amplification of two fragments of the BLG gene by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified fragments were submitted to electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel and evaluated by by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The SmaI and SacII enzymes were used for the promoter (promoter + exon 1 region) region and the region of exon 7 (exon 7 + region 3 '), respectively. The differences in cutting patterns were visualized on a polyacrylamide gel. In the promoter region of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position -60 (C/T) was identified and was associated with the percentage of protein in milk. This result suggests a relationship between genotypes of the promoter region of the BLG gene and the protein level of the milk. The presence of two polymorphisms +4641 (I2/I3) and +4601 (A/G) was observed in the region of exon 7. The I2-I3 variation is characterized by a repeat sequence of 10 bp, varying in two and three times, and it being possible to identify by electrophoresis. The I3 variation was often very low, and there was no association between this polymorphism and any production trait. Polymorphism +4601 (G/A) was identified by enzyme SacII digestion. Alleles were identified frequencies close to those reported by other authors and were associated with the percentage of fat in milk goats, and the animals with the S1S2 genotype had higher fat percentage than S1S1 animals and S2S2. The increased production of lipid content may be related to the characteristic of transporting fatty acids ?-lactoglob
A qualidade proteica do leite de cabras e a digestibilidade da fra??o lip?dica s?o importantes fatores que o destacam, quando comparado ao leite de vacas. A ?-Lactoglobulina ? a prote?na de maior abundancia no soro do leite em ruminantes sendo produzida na gl?ndula mam?ria durante o per?odo de lacta??o. Ela pode representar at? 12% do total proteico. Buscamos com o presente trabalho, avaliar o gene da ?-Lactoglobulina (BLG) com seus polimorfismos gen?ticos nas regi?es promotoras 5? e 3? UTR e associ?-los as caracter?sticas de produ??o de leite no rebanho caprino experimental. Para isso foram utilizadas 150 cabras (Capra hircus) das ra?as Saanen e Alpinas, genotipadas para os polimorfismos do gene BLG. Para a genotipagem foram coletados 10 mL de sangue por animal. O sangue foi utilizado para a extra??o de DNA e amplifica??o de 2 fragmentos do gene BLG por interm?dio da rea??o em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Os fragmentos amplificados foram ent?o submetidos ? eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida e avaliados pelo polimorfismo no tamanho do fragmento por restri??o (PCR-RFLP). Foram utilizadas as enzimas SmaI e SacII, para a regi?o promotora (regi?o promotora + ?xon 1) e para a regi?o do ?xon 7 (?xon 7 + regi?o 3?), respectivamente. As diferen?as nos padr?es de corte foram visualizadas em gel de poliacrilamida. Na regi?o promotora o polimorfismo de base ?nica (SNP) na posi??o -60 (C/T) foi identificado e apresentou associa??o com a percentagem de prote?nas no leite. Esse resultado sugere uma rela??o entre os gen?tipos da regi?o promotora do gene BLG e o n?vel proteico do leite. Foi observado na regi?o do ?xon 7 a presen?a de dois polimorfismos +4641 (I2/I3) e +4601 (A/G). A varia??o I2-I3 ? caracterizada pela repeti??o de uma sequ?ncia de 10 pb, variando em duas e tr?s vezes, e sendo poss?vel identifica-la por eletroforese. A varia??o I3 teve frequ?ncia muito baixa, e n?o houve associa??o entre esse polimorfismo e nenhuma caracter?stica de produ??o. O polimorfismo +4601 (A/G) foi identificado por meio da digest?o da enzima SacII. Os alelos identificados tiveram frequ?ncias pr?ximas ?s relatadas por outros autores e apresentaram associa??o com a percentagem de gordura no leite cabras, sendo que os animais com o gen?tipo S1S2 apresentaram maior percentagem de gordura que animais S1S1 e S2S2. A maior produ??o de conte?do lip?dico pode estar relacionada com a caracter?stica de transporte de ?cidos graxos da ?-Lactoglobulina
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SOUZA, Júlio César Simões de. "Influência do manejo nutricional na relação Ca:P em fêmeas caprinas (Capra hircus) da raça Saanen." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5715.
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Goats have very great importance in dairy production. In most states in the northeast of Brazil, the goat is characterized as the only exploration activity by small farmers, constituting themselves as a source of income and as a subsistence activity. Minerals play essential roles both in humans and animals health. Among the important macroelements, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are the most abundant minerals in the animal organism. Calcium and phosphorus work in synergy. If levels of these minerals are not sufficient to supply the physiological processes of the animal, all mechanisms that involve participation of these minerals will be affected, bringing harm to animal health. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of nutritional management in the Ca: P ratio of females in a herd of goats Saanen, in the metropolitan area of Recife city, due to the importance of the various methods of creating and fault management practiced by farmers. The study was done with 34 Saanen goat does, divided into three groups according to age or diet offered at the farm. One group had 13 young females - GJ13, and another 14 adult females - GA14, and a third group had seven adult females with different treatments (different diets offered by the farmer to these goats) - GA7. The study was led for nine months, by clinical, radiographic and laboratory tests including hematology and serum biochemical analysis for calcium and phosphorus and feed bromatologic analysis. In the analysis of the data, absolute distributions were gotten and statistical measures: mean, median and standard deviation and statistical tests were used: t-test with equal or unequal variance and Fisher's Exact test when the conditions for using the chi-square unverified. Statistical tests were performed with an error margin of 5.0%. According the study observations, and interpretation of statistical analysis, it was concluded that in the herd studied several factors affect negatively to the imbalance of Ca: P. Among them, that it is unwise make changes in animal diet, prior to performing chemical analyzes and minerals to assess nutritional requirements according to the physiological state of animals.
A caprinocultura tem uma importância muito grande na produção leiteira. Na maioria dos estados do nordeste brasileiro, a caprinocultura é caracterizada como a única atividade de exploração pelo pequeno produtor rural, constituindo-se como fonte de renda e como atividade de subsistência. Os minerais desempenham funções essenciais tanto no organismo humano como animal. Entre os macroelementos mais importantes, o cálcio (Ca) e o fósforo (P) são os minerais mais abundantes no organismo animal. Cálcio e fósforo funcionam em sinergismo. Se os níveis desses minerais não forem suficientes para suprir os processos fisiológicos do animal, todos os mecanismos que envolvem a participação desses minerais estarão comprometidos,trazendo danos à saúde do animal. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa, avaliar a influência do manejo nutricional na relação Ca:P em um rebanho de fêmeas caprinas da raça Saanen, na região metropolitana do Recife, devido à importância dos vários métodos de criação e falhas de manejo praticadas pelos criadores. Foram acompanhadas 34 fêmeas da raça saanen, divididas em três grupos de acordo com a faixa etária ou dieta oferecida na propriedade. Um grupo foi composto por 13 fêmeas jovens - GJ13; outro, composto por 14 fêmeas adultas - o GA14; e um terceiro grupo composto por sete fêmeas adultas com um tratamento diferenciado - o GA7. Os animais foram acompanhados durante 9 meses, através de exames clínicos, radiográficos e laboratoriais, incluindo exames hematológicos e séricos para análise bioquímica de cálcio e fósforo, e exames bromatológicos nas dietas. Na análise dos dados foram obtidas distribuições absolutas, percentuais e as medidas estatísticas: média, mediana e desvio padrão e foram utilizados os testes estatísticos: t-Student com variâncias iguais ou desiguais e teste Exato de Fisher quando as condições para utilização do Qui-quadrado não foram verificadas. Os testes estatísticos foram realizados com margem de erro de 5,0%. Diante das diversas observações realizadas durante o estudo somando-se a interpretação dos resultados da analise estatística, concluiu-se que, no rebanho estudado, vários fatores influenciam negativamente para o desequilíbrio Ca:P, dentre os quais, destaca-se que não é prudente realizar modificações na dieta animal antes de se realizar análises bromatológicas e de minerais e avaliar as necessidades nutricionais de acordo com o estado fisiológico dos animais.
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Bustamante, Sumire Cristian Dario. "Determinación de la diversidad y estructura genética de la cabra criolla (Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758) de los departamentos de Lima y Piura mediante el uso de microsatélites." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. http://cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe/handle/cybertesis/10747.
Full textAbstract:
Evalúa la diversidad y estructura genética de 269 cabras criollas, Capra hircus, de los departamentos de Lima (187) y Piura (82) en Perú, mediante el uso de 21 marcadores tipo microsatélite, de los cuales diecisiete fueron altamente informativos (PIC>0.5) y se recomiendan para el análisis de la diversidad genética en estas poblaciones. La población de Lima presentó una He y número medio de alelos por locus de 0.67 y 8.19, respectivamente; mientras que para Piura estos fueron 0.71 y 7.86, respectivamente. La diversidad genética de las poblaciones fue alta, siendo la de Piura ligeramente mayor que la de Lima. Además, se observó una ausencia de endogamia en ambas poblaciones (FIS=0.036). Los estadísticos de AMOVA, FST y RST mostraron valores de 3% de variación interpoblacional, 0.030 y 0.045, respectivamente, lo que indica una baja estructuración genética. El análisis de estructura genética por métodos bayesianos, el análisis factorial de correspondencias y los análisis de distancia corroboraron la baja estructura genética entre las poblaciones de Lima y Piura, así como entre cada una de sus subpoblaciones. Este resultado puede deberse al significativo flujo génico entre las poblaciones, a pesar de su lejanía geográfica, la predominancia de apareamientos no dirigidos debido al sistema de producción mayormente extensivo, diversidad de criterios de selección, así como el gran tamaño poblacional en estos departamentos, lo cual tiende a disminuir el efecto de la deriva génica.Tesis
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Corrêa, João Gabriel Zerba. "Estudo da resposta alérgica à tuberculina em caprinos (Capra hircus) experimentalmente sensibilizados, em diferentes regiões corpóreas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-16122008-152759/.
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Esta pesquisa visou determinar a resposta alérgica à aplicação do PPD bovino, em diferentes regiões da superfície corpórea de caprinos (Cabra hircus). Para tanto, foram utilizados caprinos adultos, clinicamente sadios e sensibilizados previamente com micobactéria bovina (M. bovis AN5). Para avaliar o local de melhor reação, foram usados 20 animais sensibilizados, distribuídos ao acaso, dos quais 14 animais para constituir o grupo experimental, que recebeu o PPD bovino, e seis animais para o grupo controle, que recebeu solução fisiológica, respectivamente em diferentes regiões do corpo. Os caprinos foram monitorados através de exame clínico com leituras da reação ao PPD realizadas nos seguintes momentos: 24h antes, 0h, 24h, 48h, 72h e 96h após a tuberculinização. Os resultados analisados estatisticamente mostraram uma significância para os melhores locais de aplicação, a saber: as regiões abdominal e torácica dorsais e cervical caudal tanto em 24, quanto em 48 horas e 72 horas pós-tuberculinização. A prega da cauda apresentou resultados menos evidentes que nos mencionados momentos, tendo as regiões torácica e a abdominal ventrais os resultados com menor magnitude de reação.This study aimed to determine the allergic response to the application of PPD cattle in different regions of the body surface of goats (Goat hircus). For both, were used adult goats, clinically healthy and aware beforehand with bovine mycobacteria (M. bovis AN5). To assess the place of better reaction, 20 animals were used aware, distributed at random, including 14 animals to be the experimental group, which received the PPD veal, and six animal control to group that received saline, respectively in different regions of the body. The goats were monitored by clinical examination with readings of the reaction to the PPD conducted in the following times: 24 hours before, 0h, 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h after tuberculinization. The results showed a statistically analysed significance to the best sites of application, namely: the abdominal and chest regions dorsal and cervical flow in both 24, as in 48 hours and 72 hours after tuberculinization. The results showed the tail fold less evident in the mentioned moments, and the regions thoracic and abdominal ventral results with smaller magnitude of reaction.
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Fleming, Peter J. S., and n/a. "Relationships between feral goats (Capra hircus) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries) with reference to exotic disease transmission." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050714.142151.
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Merino sheep are the most numerous domestic livestock in Australia and feral
goats are wide-spread and locally abundant in many of the regions where sheep
are grazed. Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a disease of ungulates that causes
severe economic hardship to countries where outbreaks occur or where it has
become endemic. In India, Africa, Greece and recently the United Kingdom and
Eire, sheep and goats have been implicated in the spread and maintenance of
FMD. In Australia, there are contingency plans (AUSVETPLANS) for dealing with
an outbreak of FMD. Included in those plans are strategies for control of the
disease in feral ungulates including feral pigs and feral goats. Modelling has
provided assistance in developing strategies to combat outbreaks in feral pigs and
for controlling outbreaks in domestic livestock. No models have been constructed
to aid decisions about controlling FMD in feral goats where they co-occur with
merino sheep.
In Australia, the greatest densities of free-ranging feral goats and domestic
livestock occur in the high rainfall zone (> 500 mm mean annual rainfall) along the
eastern tablelands and adjacent slopes of the Great Dividing Range. Previous
studies of feral goat biology, population dynamics and behaviour in Australia have
concentrated on arid and semi-arid zones or on islands. Interactions between free
ranging feral goats and merino sheep have not previously been studied in the high
rainfall zone.
My study investigated the ecological and behavioural characteristics of feral goats
and their interactions with sympatric merino sheep at a high rainfall site in central
eastern New South Wales. The population dynamics, biological and behavioural
parameters of feral goats and sheep were then used to model FMD in such an
environment. Deterministic temporal models and a new spatial stochastic model
were used. Of particular interest were the rates of contact within and between
subgroups of feral goats (termed herds and mobs), within and between subgroups
of merino sheep (termed flocks and mobs), and between subgroups of the two
species.
Feral goats at the study site were found to be numerous (mean density = 34.94
goats km-2, from aerial surveys), in good condition, fecund and had high adult
survival and low annual adult mortality (survival= 0.81�1.00) in the absence of
harvesting and hunting. They had an observed instantaneous rate of increase of
0.112 per year. Annual rate of increase was similar to other sites in Australia
without sustained harvesting pressure. Home ranges were small for both males
(3.754 km², s.e. = 0.232, n = 116 goats) and females (2.369 km², s.e. = 0.088, n =
241 goats). From this and other Australasian studies, an inverse power function
was found to be an excellent descriptor of the relationship between mean annual
rainfall and female home range size.
A resource selection function was fitted in a geographic information system to
observational data of feral goats. The habitat selection of feral goats included a
preference for wooded vegetation on eastern and north eastern aspects at higher
elevations. The resource selection function was also used to set the probabilities of
occurrence of feral goats in 1 ha areas of the landscape and these probabilities
were used to generate heterogeneity in a spatial model of foot and mouth disease
virus (FMDV) transmission.
Daily per capita contact rates were estimated from observed contacts in the field
where a contact between individuals was recognised when one approached within
1 body length ([approx] 1m) of another. The contacts between feral goats within herds
were frequent and occurred at a rate of 6.96 (s.e. = 1.27) goat�goat contacts day-1.
Sheep to sheep contacts were slightly less frequent (4.22 sheep�sheep contacts
day-1, s.e. = 0.65) but both estimates were most likely negatively biased because of
observer errors in estimating the number of individual animals coming in contact
with observation subject (focal) animals. Contacts between herds of feral goats
were not common and those between adjacent populations were fewer than 1 per
year. In sheep, flock to flock contact was largely governed by husbandry practices
and occurred at a mean daily rate of 0.0014 flock�flock contacts. Contacts
between sheep and feral goats were less frequent but nonetheless common (2.82
goat�sheep contacts day-1, s.e. = 0.40). In feral goats the size of the mob in which
focal goats were observed was found to be the most important factor in
determining contact rates between individuals and a counter-intuitive inverse
relationship was identified. Contacts were heterogeneous and density was not an
important determinant of contact rates implying that, because of the uniformly high
densities at the site, saturation had occurred.
The temporal models of FMDV transmission showed that the rate of contact within
and between species was such that FMD was predicted to spread rapidly
throughout an infected herd or flock. Control strategies of intense culling of feral
goats at the population level were predicted to allow the disease to persist at low
prevalence, with a small peak corresponding to the annual lambing pulse in sheep.
However, the same level of control (>90% reduction) at the herd level was
predicted to eliminate FMD and allow the safe reintroduction of sheep. Extreme
control that left very small groups (<3 individuals) may be counter productive
because such small groups are likely to join the reintroduced sheep in an effort by
the goats to meet gregarious urges.
The spatial model was more reassuring. It predicted that FMD would die out in a
mixed sheep and feral goat population in less than 90 days because of the low rate
of herd to herd contact and herd to flock contact. For similar environments, the
contingency planning consequences are that an outbreak of FMD introduced into
feral goats from sympatric sheep is likely to be containable by removing all the
sheep, determining the extent and likely range of the feral goats, then removing a
substantial proportion of or eradicating each herd. Feral goats, being relatively
sedentary, are unlikely to spread to adjacent populations and the disease will die
out through lack of contact between herds and populations. Because feral goat
home ranges overlap and are centred on one or two small catchments, a
containment ring of feral goat control, set to encompass the home range of a target
herd and that of adjacent herds, should be adequate to limit spread of FMD.
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Siemers, Bettina [Verfasser]. "Verhaltensanalytische Untersuchungen des Farbensehens landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere am Beispiel der afrikanischen Zwergziege Capra hircus L. / vorgelegt von Bettina Siemers." Berlin : Mensch-und-Buch-Verl, 2006. http://d-nb.info/979353424/34.
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Gash, Kirsten Karen. "Assessment of Microchimerism Following Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer and Natural Pregnancies in Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7156.
Full textAbstract:
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a powerful tool for production of transgenic animals for various biomedical and agricultural applications. For instance, our group is using SCNT to produce transgenic goats to study the role of cardiac fibrosis in initiation and progression of atrial fibrillation. There is a possibility of cell transfer from a transgenic fetus to its non-transgenic surrogate mother, known as fetal microchimerism; from a transgenic mother to non-transgenic fetus, maternal microchimerism and from a transgenic twin to non-transgenic twin in utero. Initially, we have assessed the presence of fetal microchimerism in tissue samples from non-transgenic surrogates that delivered transgenic SCNT generated offspring. Then, the SCNT derived transgenic goats were naturally bred and non-transgenic offspring were used for the assessment of maternal microchimerism. Additionally, fetal-fetal microchimerism was evaluated using the tissue samples from non-transgenic twins of transgenic offspring. We investigated DNA from kidney, liver, lung, lymph node and spleen for the presence of neomycin resistant gene (Neo), which all transgenic SCNT generated females and their transgenic offspring tested positive for. We found no detectable maternal or fetal-fetal microchimerism, but fetal microchimerism was detected in lymph node of one of the surrogate dams that carried a SCNT pregnancy. The results of the study have direct implications on the use and disposal of non-transgenic surrogates and non-transgenic offspring.
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Theorell, Hannes. "Bleats from the north : Evaluation of osteological methods with support of archaeogenetics to distinguish between sheep and goats." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-228178.
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This study is an extension of the author's previous thesis (Theorell 2013) and focus on the analysed tibia, the humerus and the proximal and distal part of the radius of sheep bones from Gotland and goat bones from City of Falun. Methods for bone elements assessed in this study are compiled and evaluated by Zeder and Lapham (2010). The bones were then geneticallyspecies identified and the results were compared. Seven of thirteen criteria for both sheep and goat reached 100% of correct identification.Best performing criteria were on humerus and distal radius for both sheep and goats. The results for the complete bone assessments divided for the species showed best performance ongoats. Worst performing bone is the tibia. High performing criteria were found on all thetypes of bones used in this study which can be used to distinguish between sheep and goats.Föreliggande studie är en utökning av författarens tidigare magisteruppsats (Theorell 2013) och fokuserar på att analysera skenben, överarmsben samt proximal och distal del av strålbenet från fårben från Gotland och getben från Falun. Metoder för benslagen som används i denna studie har samlats och utvärderats av Zeder och Lapham (2010). Efter osteologisk analys har benen genetiskt artidentifierats och resultaten från bägge analyser har jämförts. Sju av tretton kriterier för både får och getter visade 100% korrekt bedömning. Kriterier med bäst resultat fanns på överarmsben och distalt på strålben. Sett till bedömning av komplett benslag skilt mellan får och getter visade att metoderna presterade bäst på getter. Sämst resultat uppvisades på skenbenet. Generellt uppvisade samtliga benslag kriterier som är möjliga att använda för att särskilja mellan får och getter.
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Denoyelle, Laure. "Mécanismes génétiques et épigénétiques sous-jacents aux relations phénotype - environnement chez les petits ruminants." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV045.
Full textAbstract:
Les organismes vivants peuvent être confrontés à des variations plus ou moins importantes de leur environnement (qu’il soit climatique, sanitaire, etc…). En réponse à ces variations, trois types de mécanismes peuvent être mis en place pour ajuster leur phénotype et l’environnement : le choix d’un habitat favorable, l’adaptation et l‘acclimatation. Dans le cas des animaux domestiques, le choix de de l’habitat n’est pas possible mais les deux derniers mécanismes peuvent être mis en évidence en étudiant respectivement la présence de marques génétiques et épigénétiques dans le génome des individus. Le but de cette thèse a été de mettre en évidence ces deux types de mécanismes chez les petits ruminants (chèvres et moutons) en rapport avec l’histoire des races et leur environnement.Dans un premier temps, nous avons analysé des données de génomes complets pour chercher des signatures de sélection chez onze races caprines françaises. Cette analyse nous a d’abord permis d’explorer leurs histoires, de comprendre les croisements possibles entre elles et de confronter ces résultats aux données historiques collectées. De plus des gènes sous sélection en rapport avec des caractères d’intérêt agronomique tels que la production laitière (21 gènes), la reproduction (14 gènes), l’immunité (11 gènes), ainsi que des caractères morphologiques spécifiques aux races étudiées (28 gènes) ont été mis en évidence.Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié les deux types de mécanismes chez des chèvres et des moutons marocains qui ont été choisis pour former deux groupes à chaque extrémité d’un gradient de variation de températures. L’analyse des différences génétiques entre les deux groupes, pour chaque espèce, nous a permis de localiser des régions sous sélection en relation avec des gènes impliqués dans la perception de l’environnement (5 gènes), l’immunité (4 gènes), la reproduction (8 gènes) et la production (11 gènes). Nous avons aussi séquencé les régions du génome portant des groupements méthyles chez ces mêmes animaux. L’analyse des régions différentiellement méthylées (DMR) entre les deux groupes nous a permis de trouver 2 DMRs (une chez chaque espèce) en relation, entre autre, avec la production et la qualité du lait. Cette étude des mécanismes d’adaptation et d’acclimatation chez les petits ruminants marocains est la première à chercher des marques épigénétiques en relation avec l’environnement chez des animaux d’élevage et à les comparer avec les marques génétiques présentes chez ces mêmes animaux. Au vu de nos résultats nous supposons que la variation de températures pourrait avoir deux types d’effet sur les animaux pouvant impacter les voies biologiques que nous avons détectées. Un premier effet, direct, qui influencerait les mécanismes de thermorégulation, et un second effet, indirect, en relation avec la quantité et la qualité des ressources alimentaires disponibles. La comparaison entre les deux mécanismes et les deux espèces nous a permis de trouver des voies biologiques impactées similaires, mais aucun gène en commun.Ces résultats montrent le rôle des mécanismes génétiques et épigénétiques dans l’ajustement des phénotypes à l’environnement. Dans un contexte de changements climatiques, il semble important de les prendre en compte pour développer des stratégies d’élevage en lien avec ces variationsOrganisms can be confronted with more or less important variations in their environment (climate, health, etc...). In response to these variations, three types of mechanisms can be put in place to adjust their phenotype with the environment: choice of a favorable habitat, adaptation and acclimatization. In the case of domestic animals, the choice of habitat is not possible, but the last two mechanisms can be revealed by studying the presence of respectively genetic and epigenetic markers in the genome of individuals. The aim of this thesis was to highlight these two types of mechanisms in small ruminants (sheep and goats) in relation to the breeds history and their environment.First, we analyzed whole genome data to search selection signatures in 11 French goat breeds. On one hand, this analysis allowed us to explore their histories, to understand possible crossbreeding between them and to compare these results with the historical data collected. On the other hand, selected genes related to agronomic traits of interest such as milk production (21 genes), reproduction (14 genes), immunity (11 genes), as well as morphological traits specific to the breeds studied (28 genes) were highlighted.In a second step, we studied the two types of mechanisms in Moroccan goats and sheep which were chosen to form two groups at each end of a temperature variation gradient. The analysis of genetic differences between the two groups, for each species, allowed to locate selected regions in relation to genes involved in environmental perception (5 genes), immunity (4 genes), reproduction (8 genes) and production (11 genes). We have also sequenced regions of the genome bearing methyl groups in these same animals. Analysis of the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between the two groups allowed to find 2 DMRs (one in each species) in relation, among other things, to milk quality and production. This study of adaptation and acclimatization mechanisms in Moroccan small ruminants is the first to look for epigenetic marks in relation to the environment in farm animals and to compare them with genetic marks present in these same animals. Based on our results, we hypothesize that temperature variation could have two types of effects on animals that could impact the biological pathways we detected. A first effect, direct, which would influence the thermoregulation mechanisms, and a second effect, indirect, in relation to the quantity and quality of available food resources. The comparison between the two mechanisms, and the two species, allowed to find similar impacted biological pathways, but no gene in common.These results show the role of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in the adjustment of phenotypes to the environment. In a context of climate change, it seems important to take them into account to develop breeding strategies related to these variations
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Reid, Wayne Stanley Jr. "Exploring Duckweed (Lemna gibba) as a Protein Supplement for Ruminants Using the Boer Goat (Capra hircus) as a Model." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05242004-103543/.
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Duckweed is the common name used to refer to members of the aquatic plant family Lemnaceae. Duckweed commonly grows on stagnant, nutrient enriched waters throughout tropical and temperate zones. Growth conditions include water temperatures of 6 ? 33oC and a wide pH range. Under ideal conditions, duckweed can double its biomass every sixteen hours to four days. Its nutrient uptake capability helps to account for a CP of 15 ? 40% and high growth rate. Scientists have studied duckweed?s feed attributes for fish, poultry, swine, and ruminants. A duckweed feeding trial was carried out at North Carolina State University Metabolism Educational Unit with 19 goat wethers fed four different diets. The objective of the trial was to characterize the composition of wastewater grown duckweed and evaluate its use as a protein supplement for ruminants. Our hypothesis was that duckweed is a suitable protein source for goats and will behave in a similar fashion to soybean meal. The diets included a negative control, positive control (all of the supplemental protein from soybean meal), 1/3 duckweed, and 2/3 duckweed (1/3 and 2/3 of the supplemental protein came from duckweed, respectively). The goats were fed equal amounts of hay and supplement at 4% of body weight (as fed). Duckweed exhibited a similar compositional profile to soybean meal except for being lower in CP and higher in minerals. Amino acid and protein fraction profiles were also comparable between duckweed and soybean meal. There was no significant difference among treatments for DMI, ADF, and NDF digestibility. Nitrogen intake, N digested (g/d), and N retained (% of digested) showed no significant differences among the supplemental protein diets. Nitrogen retained as a percent of intake and N retained (g/d) tended to be slightly lower in the diets containing duckweed. Serum urea nitrogen levels also showed no significant differences for the protein diets except for a linear response (P = 0.09). The P balance showed no significant difference for P intake but both linear and quadratic responses for P retained (g/d), and P digested (g/d) as well as a linear response for P retained (% of digested). Similarities of the rumen pH, NH4 and VFA data among the diets show that duckweed does not abnormally affect rumen function and is comparable to soybean meal in dietary function. Duckweed appears to be a viable source of protein and phosphorus (at lower dietary levels) supplementation for ruminants and is nearly comparable to soybean meal in its utilization.
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Nascimento, Antonia SÃmia Fernandes do. "ExpressÃo, purificaÃÃo e caracterizaÃÃo estrutural da bdh-2 recombinante, uma espermadesina presente no plasma seminal de bode (Capra hircus)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4513.
Full textAbstract:
nÃo hÃO cDNA da bodesina Bdh-2 presente no plasma seminal de caprino (Capra hircus) foi subclonado no vetor de expressÃo pTrcHis TOPO utilizado para transformar cÃlulas E.coli Top 10 One Shot. Os clones recombinantes foram selecionados atravÃs de crescimento em meio LB-Broth contendo 50 μg/mL de ampicilina e amplificaÃÃo do gene por PCR. A sÃntese da proteÃna recombinante rBdh-2 fusionada com cauda de histidina foi monitorada atravÃs de SDS-PAGE seguido por immunobloting usando anticorpo monoclonal anti histidina. A produÃÃo da rBdh-2 atravÃs da induÃÃo a baixas temperaturas nÃo se mostrou satisfatÃria. A maior produÃÃo da rBdh-2 ocorreu com IPTG 1,5 mM apÃs 2 horas de induÃÃo. O mÃtodo utilizado para a purificaÃÃo da proteÃna recombinante rBdh-2 foi atravÃs de cromatografia de afinidade em coluna His-Trap seguida por cromatografia de troca-iÃnica em coluna de DEAE-Sephacel. A estrutura secundÃria da rBdh-2 foi avaliada atravÃs do perfil espectral de dicroÃsmo circular (CD) que confirmou a predominÃncia de estruturas secundÃrias do tipo folhas-β, a presenÃa de um baixo conteÃdo de estruturas nÃo-ordenadas e de hÃlices-. A rBdh-2 manteve sua estrutura estÃvel atà 35 ÂC. No entanto, mudanÃas significativas foram observadas a partir de 40 ÂC referentes à descaracterizaÃÃo do espectro de CD.
The Bdh-2 bodhesin cDNA present in seminal plasma of goat was subcloned in the expression plasmid pTrcHis TOPO used to transform E. coli Top10 One shot cells. The recombinant clones were selected by growth in 50 μg/mL ampicillin-containing LB-Broth medium and PCR amplifications. The recombinant protein synthesis was monitored by SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting using monoclonal anti-His antibody. The production of the rBdh-2 through low temperature was not satisfactory. A greater production of the rBdh-2 occurred with IPTG 1.5 mM after 2 h of induction. The method utilized to the purification of the rBdh-2 was realized in affinity chromatography on a His-Trap column following ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-Sephacel column. The secondary structure of the rBdh-2 was evaluated through spectral profile circular dichroism (CD) and confirmed the prevalence of secondary structures like β-sheets, the presence of a low content of unfolded structures and helices-. The rBdh-2 structure remained stable up to 35 ÂC. However, significant changes were observed from 40 ÂC related to a distortion of the spectrum of CD.
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Junior, Sebastião Pereira de Faria. "Níveis séricos de progesterona, estrógenos e seus metabólitos fecais durante o ciclo estral de cabras (Capra hircus, Linnaeus, 1758)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-13122007-162606/.
Full textAbstract:
Cabras leiteiras das raças Saanen e Toggenburg (n=10) mantidas num rebanho particular no Estado de São Paulo tiveram seus níveis séricos de progesterona e estradiol comparados às concentrações fecais, durante o período correspondente a três ciclos estrais. O perfil hormonal foi confrontado com as manifestações comportamentais de estro visando uma contribuição ao conhecimento do ciclo das cabras destas raças em condições brasileiras, que leve a um manejo reprodutivo mais eficiente. As correlações entre níveis séricos e fecais foram calculadas, sugerindo a validade do modelo de dosagem hormonal nas fezes em cervídeos. Foi verificada correlação extremamente significante entre as concentrações séricas de progesterona e as de progestinas fecais, com r=0,83 e p<0,0001. Entre as concentrações séricas de estradiol e as de seus metabólitos nas fezes não foi verificada correlação significante, com r=-0,16 e p<0,3916. A partir da observação dos resultados e sua análise estatística, pode-se concluir que, dentro das condições deste trabalho, as concentrações de progestinas fecais apresentam variação correspondente à da progesterona sérica ao longo do ciclo estral das cabras; por outro lado, diferentemente das observações de outros autores, o mesmo não ocorre com os metabólitos fecais do estradiol em relação ao estradiol sérico.Saanen e Toggenburg dairy goats (n=10) kept in a private flock in São Paulo State had their serum levels of progesterone and estradiol compared to faecal concentrations of the respective metabolites, through an interval corresponding to 3 estrous cycles. Hormonal profile was checked with behavioural manifestations of estrous searching for a better knowledge of the cycle of these breeds in brazilian environment, leading to a more efficient reproductive management. Correlations between serum and faecal levels were calculated, suggesting that the model of faecal hormone measurements could be valuable in cervidae. It was found an extremely significant correlation between progesterone serum concentration and progestin faecal concentration, with r=0,83 and p<0,0001. Between estradiol serum concentrations and its faecal metabolites? concentrations no significant correlation was found, with r=-0,16 and p<0,3916. Based on results observation and statistical analysis, we can assume that, in the circumstances of this trial, progestin faecal concentrations show a variation profile similar to that one of serum progesterone, through estrous cycle of goats; however, this fact could not be observed for estradiol metabolites, compared to serum estradiol concentrations.
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GARCIA, Odair Scatolin Rossafa. "Utiliza??o de marcadores moleculares na an?lise da caracter?stica de qualidade da carne em caprino (Capra hircus)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2413.
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Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-04T21:36:01Z
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Goat meat has lower levels of fat than those found in other types of meat such as beef, pork, sheep and deer, but the lack of selection criteria for slaughter, storage and commercialization of meat leads to a low level because of the lack of standardization of the product presenting unpleasant sensory characteristics. A study of polymorphism, variation in gene expression and the association of these variations with the desired phenotype allows to broaden the understanding of the physiological processes, which helps in the strategies aimed at improving the characteristic of interest, resulting in the expected final phenotype. The objective of the present study was to evaluate polymorphisms and gene expression among some of the most promising genotypes of pleiotropic genes, comparing the polymorphism and expression among groups of animals with greater and lesser weight at slaughter to verify if there is any relation with the weight difference Or softness of the flesh. For this purpose, genotypes of 40 goats from the Saanen and Alpina breeds for the growth hormone (GH) gene, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 gene (DGAT1), myostatin gene (MSTN), growth factor gene Similar to insulin 1 (IGF1), fatty acid carrier protein (FATP1) gene, nuclear factor 1 (NF1) gene, gamma peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR?) gene. After analyzing the association of the different genotypes with the slaughter weight (AP), carcass weight (PC) and meat softness expressed in shear force (FC), some genes were selected for the analysis of expression and association with them Variables. The GH, NF1 and PPAR genes were not evaluated for expression, the first for not having presented a good result for the efficiency analysis of the other two primers due to the lack of substantial data for the preparation of the primers. For the softness test, previously performed in another study by the same team, the longissimus lumborum muscle was used. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used for the genotyping and later, for some genes, the digestion of the fragments amplified by restriction enzymes, a technique known as PCR-RFLP. Gene expression was conducted using the Real Time PCR technique (qPCR) and the meat tenderness phenotype was analyzed in a texturometer. The data were statistically related using the SAS GLM procedure. The UNIVARIATE procedure was used to verify the normality of residues of expression of the genes under study (expressed as 2-?Ct) and softness data. The averages were compared by the Tukey test and the Pearson correlations tested by the t test. The polymorphism already described in the GH was also detected in the population studied in the present study, the genotype heterozygous AB presented a mean 2.78kg at slaughter weight more than the AA individuals, for the MSTN the individuals with heterozygous M1M2 genotype presented higher scores for weight at slaughter, while for the IGF1 gene the heterozygous AB animals present less tender meat. The group with lower weight at slaughter showed higher expression of the DGAT1 and FATP genes, which may reflect a higher deposition of fat in the carcass and greater softness, in comparison with the group of higher weight.
A carne caprina apresenta teores de gordura abaixo dos encontrados em outros tipos de carne como a de bovino, su?no, ovino e veado. Entretanto, a falta de crit?rio de sele??o para o abate, estocagem e comercializa??o da carne, acaba por gerar um baixo n?vel de consumo, devido ? falta de padroniza??o do produto apresentando caracter?sticas sensoriais desagrad?veis. Estudo de polimorfismo, varia??o na express?o g?nica e associa??o destas varia??es com o fen?tipo desejado permite ampliar a compreens?o sobre os processos fisiol?gicos, al?m de auxiliar programas de melhoramento gen?tico animal para a sele??o de animais com fen?tipos superiores para a caracter?stica de interesse. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a associa??o de polimorfismos e express?o g?nica com a caracter?stica peso ao abate e verificar se h? rela??o entre a diferen?a de peso e a maciez da carne. Para este prop?sito foram identificados inicialmente os gen?tipos de cabritos das ra?as Saanen e Alpina para os seguintes genes: horm?nio do crescimento (GH), diacilglicerol aciltransferase 1 (DGAT1), miostatina (MSTN), fator de crescimento semelhante ? insulina 1 (IGF1), prote?na transportadora de ?cidos graxos (FATP1), fator nuclear 1 (NF1), receptor ativado por proliferadores de peroxissomas gama (PPAR?). Ap?s a an?lise de associa??o dos diferentes gen?tipos com o peso ao abate (PA), peso da carca?a (PC) e maciez da carne expressa em for?a de cisalhamento (FC), foram selecionados alguns genes para a an?lises de express?o e associa??o com as mesmas vari?veis. Os genes GH, NF1 e PPAR n?o foram avaliados quanto a express?o, o primeiro por n?o ter apresentado um bom resultado para as analise de efici?ncia dos primers os outros dois devido ? problemas no genoma refer?ncia para a confec??o dos primers. Para o teste de maciez foi utilizado o m?sculo longissimus lumborum. Para a genotipagem foi utilizada a t?cnica da rea??o em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) e posteriormente, para alguns genes, digest?o dos fragmentos amplificados por enzimas de restri??o (PCR-RFLP). A express?o g?nica foi conduzida utilizando a t?cnica de PCR em Tempo Real (qPCR) e o fen?tipo de maciez da carne foi analisado em textur?metro. Os dados foram analisados estat?sticamente utilizando o procedimento GLM do SAS. O procedimento UNIVARIATE foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade dos res?duos da express?o dos genes em estudo (expressos com 2-?Ct) e dados de maciez. As m?dias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey e as correla??es de Pearson testadas pelo teste de t. O polimorfismo j? descrito no GH foi tamb?m detectado na popula??o estudada no presente trabalho, o gen?tipo heterozigoto AB apresentou m?dia 2,78kg a mais de peso ao abate do que os indiv?duos AA, para a MSTN os indiv?duos com gen?tipo heterozigoto M1M2 apresentaram maiores escores para peso ao abate, enquanto para o gene IGF1 os animais heterozigotos AB apresentam carne menos macia. O grupo com menor peso ao abate apresentou maior express?o dos genes DGAT1 e FATP, o que pode refletir maior deposi??o de gordura de gordura na carca?a e maior maciez, em compara??o com o grupo de maior peso.
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Nascimento, Antonia Sâmia Fernandes do. "Expressão, purificação e caracterização estrutural da bdh-2 recombinante, uma espermadesina presente no plasma seminal de bode (Capra hircus)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/15683.
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NASCIMENTO, A.S. F. Expressão, purificação e caracterização estrutural da bdh-2 recombinante, uma espermadesina presente no plasma seminal de bode (Capra hircus). 2010. 84 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biotecnologia) - Curso de Medicina, Campus de Sobral, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Sobral , 2010.Submitted by Djeanne Costa (djeannecosta@gmail.com) on 2016-03-21T14:38:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_asfnascimento.pdf: 1191373 bytes, checksum: f4b810e909dd91a96830f8959962a48a (MD5)
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The Bdh-2 bodhesin cDNA present in seminal plasma of goat was subcloned in the expression plasmid pTrcHis TOPO used to transform E. coli Top10 One shot cells. The recombinant clones were selected by growth in 50 μg/mL ampicillin-containing LB-Broth medium and PCR amplifications. The recombinant protein synthesis was monitored by SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting using monoclonal anti-His antibody. The production of the rBdh-2 through low temperature was not satisfactory. A greater production of the rBdh-2 occurred with IPTG 1.5 mM after 2 h of induction. The method utilized to the purification of the rBdh-2 was realized in affinity chromatography on a His-Trap column following ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-Sephacel column. The secondary structure of the rBdh-2 was evaluated through spectral profile circular dichroism (CD) and confirmed the prevalence of secondary structures like β-sheets, the presence of a low content of unfolded structures and helices-. The rBdh-2 structure remained stable up to 35 °C. However, significant changes were observed from 40 °C related to a distortion of the spectrum of CD.
O cDNA da bodesina Bdh-2 presente no plasma seminal de caprino (Capra hircus) foi subclonado no vetor de expressão pTrcHis TOPO utilizado para transformar células E.coli Top 10 One Shot. Os clones recombinantes foram selecionados através de crescimento em meio LB-Broth contendo 50 μg/mL de ampicilina e amplificação do gene por PCR. A síntese da proteína recombinante rBdh-2 fusionada com cauda de histidina foi monitorada através de SDS-PAGE seguido por immunobloting usando anticorpo monoclonal anti histidina. A produção da rBdh-2 através da indução a baixas temperaturas não se mostrou satisfatória. A maior produção da rBdh-2 ocorreu com IPTG 1,5 mM após 2 horas de indução. O método utilizado para a purificação da proteína recombinante rBdh-2 foi através de cromatografia de afinidade em coluna His-Trap seguida por cromatografia de troca-iônica em coluna de DEAE-Sephacel. A estrutura secundária da rBdh-2 foi avaliada através do perfil espectral de dicroísmo circular (CD) que confirmou a predominância de estruturas secundárias do tipo folhas-β, a presença de um baixo conteúdo de estruturas não-ordenadas e de hélices-. A rBdh-2 manteve sua estrutura estável até 35 °C. No entanto, mudanças significativas foram observadas a partir de 40 °C referentes à descaracterização do espectro de CD.
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SILVA, Charles Nunes e. "Quetamina e propofol como método de contenção química em caprinos (Capra aegragus hircus, Linnaeus, 1758), pré-tratados com acepromazina." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5297.
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Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-12T12:21:41Z
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In this work the propofol and ketamine chemical restraint 30 pretreated goats with acepromazine, through clinical and laboratory aspects. The animals were divided into three groups and received acepromazine and ketamine associations group - AQ (n = 10); acepromazine and propofol group - AP (n = 10); and control - C (n = 10) who received no medication. We evaluated the decubitus time (DT), ruminal movements (MR), heart rate (HR) and rectal temperature (RT); and measurement of blood urea levels, creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and leukocyte count. We used the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test for comparison between groups, adopting a 5% significance level. There was a significant difference (p <0.05) for MR, HR and TD compared between groups. Laboratory tests showed significant changes (p <0.05) in urea values, AST and leukocytes. From the results obtained it can be concluded that the studied drugs have characteristics suitable for chemical containment for short procedures. The association acepromazine and propofol was more appropriate to allow faster recovery, as prolonged recumbent is harmful goats.
Neste trabalho avaliou-se o propofol e a quetamina na contenção química de 30 cabras pré-tratadas com acepromazina, através de aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos, que receberam associações de acepromazina e quetamina, Grupo – AQ (n = 10); acepromazina e propofol, Grupo – AP (n = 10); e Controle – C (n = 10), que não recebeu nenhuma medicação. Foram avaliados o tempo de decúbito (TD), movimentos ruminais (MR), freqüência cardíaca (FC) e temperatura retal (TR); e mensuração das dosagens sangüíneas de uréia, creatinina e aspartato aminotransferase (AST), e contagem de leucócitos. Utilizou-se o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis para comparação entre os grupos, adotando-se 5% de significância. Houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) para MR, FC e TD na comparação entre os grupos. Os exames laboratoriais apresentaram alterações significativas (p<0,05) nos valores de uréia, AST e leucócitos. A partir dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que os fármacos estudados apresentam características adequadas para contenção química em procedimentos de curta duração. A associação acepromazina e propofol se mostrou mais adequada por permitir recuperação mais rápida, uma vez que o decúbito prolongado é nocivo aos caprinos.
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PONTUAL, Késia Alcântara Queiroz. "Abordagem fitoquímica, aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos da atividade Indigofera suffruticiosa Mill. (Fabaceae) em caprinos (Capra hircus L., 1758)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2006. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5701.
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Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-10-13T16:44:34Z
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
An experimental study about the activity of Indigofera suffruticosa Mill (Fabaceae), was conducted, by administering doses of 10, 20, 30, and 40g/kg/p.v., of watery extract the of the plant to four goats (Capra hircus L.) and 10g/kg/p.v. of the plant “in natura” to the fifth animal. All the goats were male, with no specific race (NSR), and about one year old. Vegetal specimens were brought from the town of Venturosa, Recife and Passira, in after phytochemical analysis, plant from different sites showed similarities and were positive to indicant, glycosis and also had traces of condensed proanthocyanidins. There was neither manifestations of clinical signs not the ocorrence of any death due to the plant ingestion. A greenish coloration was observed the urinalysis; as well as the increase in density (>1040); discrete presence of protein, blood and bilirubin. By the sedimentoscopy, leucocidin, haematuria, besides the presence of renal, urethral cells, cylinders and calcium and phosphate crystals were verified. By the erythroanalysis discrete microcitic anemia, was exhibited. necroscopy alterations consisted of ascites and discrete renal paleness. Histopathological examination the liver, had swelling tumefaction, and vacuolization of hepatocytes, necrotic areas, dissociation of hepatic cords and destruction of sinusoids, areas of congestion and sinusoidal congestion. In the kidneys, there was tubular lesion, degeneration and necrosis of tubular epithelium, glomerulosclerosis, and reactivity of vascular endothelium. The spleen showed discrete hemossiderosis and testicles had testicular degeneration. The leguminosae Indigofera suffruticosa was hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and caused testicular degeneration in goat (Capra hircus L., 1758).
Realizou-se um estudo experimental sobre a atividade de Indigofera suffruticosa Mill (Fabaceae), administrando doses de 10, 20, 30, e 40g/kg/p.v., sob a forma de extrato aquoso a quatro caprinos (Capra hircus L.) e 10g/kg/p.v. da planta in natura”ao quinto animal. Todos os caprinos eram machos, sem raça definida, com cerca de um ano de idade. Os espécimes vegetais utilizados foram provenientes dos municípios de Venturosa, Recife e Passira, após análise fitoquímica, demonstraram semelhança sendo positiva a presença de indican, glicose e traços de proantocianidinas condensadas. Não houve manifestação de sinais clínicos ou ocorrência de óbito pela ingestão da planta. À urinálise, observou-se coloração esverdeada; aumento da densidade (>1040); presença discreta de proteína, sangue, e bilirrubina. Na sedimentoscopia, verificou-se principalmente, leucocitúria. No eritrograma pôde-se constatar anemia microcítica, ainda que discreta. As alterações necroscópicas consistiram de ascite, e discreta palidez renal. O exame histopatológico revelou as seguintes alterações: no fígado, tumefação e vacuolização de hepatócitos, necrose focal, dissociação de cordões hepáticos e congestão e destruição de sinusóides. Nos rins houve, degeneração e necrose do epitélio tubular, glomeruloesclerose e reatividade do endotélio vascular. No baço, discreta hemossiderose e nos testículos, degeneração. A leguminosa Indigofera suffruticosa foi hepatotóxica, nefrotóxica e causou degeneração testicular em caprinos (Capra hircus L., 1758).
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Bustamante, Sumire Cristian Dario. "Determinación de la diversidad y estructura genética de la cabra criolla (Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758) de los departamentos de Lima y Piura mediante el uso de microsatélites." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10747.
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Evalúa la diversidad y estructura genética de 269 cabras criollas, Capra hircus, de los departamentos de Lima (187) y Piura (82) en Perú, mediante el uso de 21 marcadores tipo microsatélite, de los cuales diecisiete fueron altamente informativos (PIC>0.5) y se recomiendan para el análisis de la diversidad genética en estas poblaciones. La población de Lima presentó una He y número medio de alelos por locus de 0.67 y 8.19, respectivamente; mientras que para Piura estos fueron 0.71 y 7.86, respectivamente. La diversidad genética de las poblaciones fue alta, siendo la de Piura ligeramente mayor que la de Lima. Además, se observó una ausencia de endogamia en ambas poblaciones (FIS=0.036). Los estadísticos de AMOVA, FST y RST mostraron valores de 3% de variación interpoblacional, 0.030 y 0.045, respectivamente, lo que indica una baja estructuración genética. El análisis de estructura genética por métodos bayesianos, el análisis factorial de correspondencias y los análisis de distancia corroboraron la baja estructura genética entre las poblaciones de Lima y Piura, así como entre cada una de sus subpoblaciones. Este resultado puede deberse al significativo flujo génico entre las poblaciones, a pesar de su lejanía geográfica, la predominancia de apareamientos no dirigidos debido al sistema de producción mayormente extensivo, diversidad de criterios de selección, así como el gran tamaño poblacional en estos departamentos, lo cual tiende a disminuir el efecto de la deriva génica.Tesis
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Tavera, Gonzales Andrea Alejandra. "Prevalencia e identificación de eimerias en cabras criollas (Capra hircus) en asociaciones de criadores de cuatro provincias de Lima-Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16708.
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Determina la prevalencia de eimeriosis en cabras criollas
(Capra hircus) en asociaciones de criadores ubicados en cuatro provincias de Lima,
identificar las especies de eimerias presentes y estimar la carga parasitaria promedio de
ooquistes y su relación con las variables edad, sexo y procedencia. Se recolectaron 753
muestras de heces directamente del recto de caprinos criollos, de forma aleatoria, durante
agosto del 2018 a mayo del 2019, los que fueron clasificados según la localidad de
procedencia (Huarochirí, Huaura, Huaral y Canta), edad (<1 año, ≥1-3 años, >3 años) y
sexo. Las muestras fueron procesadas en el Laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología,
sección Parasitología, de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional
Mayor de San Marcos, mediante las técnicas coproparasitológicas cualitativa (flotación con
solución Sheather) y cuantitativa (método McMaster modificado). Se efectuó la
esporulación de especies de eimerias de forma espontánea y se obtuvo ooquistes limpios
mediante la técnica de Ritchie modificado, identificándose las especies según las
características morfológicas y medidas de los ooquistes esporulados. Se encontró un 75.8%
(71.9% – 78%) de prevalencia de eimeriosis caprina. Se identificaron nueve especies de
Eimeria: E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. christenseni, E. arloingi, E. caprina, E. caprovina, E.
alijevi, E. hirci, E. apsheronica, E. charlestoni; siendo las primeras tres especies las más
prevalentes. La carga parasitaria promedio fue de 3,256 OPG, calificada como carga leve
y se evidenció diferencia estadística entre la cantidad de OPG con las variables edad (<1
año) y sexo (macho) (p < 0.001), no así respecto a la procedencia.Perú. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
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Maas, Sylvana, and n/a. "Population dynamics and control of feral goats in a semi-arid environment." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060825.132138.
Full textAbstract:
The ability of feral herbivores to reduce the amount of food available to domestic livestock has
rarely been quantified. This thesis seeks to examine the degree to which feral goats (Capra
hircus) reduce the availability of pasture and shrub biomass for other herbivores. The
interaction between feral goat populations and their food supply will be explored using a
modelling approach. In addition to this it will also examine the cost of controlling goats and
attempt to identify the cost efficient target densities for control operations. The implications of
this information for management will be discussed.
There are two ways an animal population can interact with its food supply, through: (1)
intrinsic food shortages, and (2) extrinsic food shortages. Intrinsic food shortages occur when a
negative feed-back loop exists between the animal population and their food supply. This
means the animals affect the availability of their food and their food supply affects the
dynamics of the animal population. Since the animals are affecting their own food supply it
could be said that they will also affect the availability of that food to other herbivores if they
consume the same species. Extrinsic food shortages occur when there is no feed-back from the
animals to their food supply. Food availability is determined by extrinsic factors such as
rainfall and is unaffected by the animal population. To determine how feral goats interact with
their food supply several models will be examined, and these include: (1) single species models
which use data from the animal population only. These have historically been used to identify
density dependence which is commonly caused by the animal population being regulated
through their food supply in the case of large herbivores, and (2) trophic models which
incorporate data from at least two trophic levels in an ecosystem, in this case those being the
animal population and the vegetation they are thought to consume. These models allow a more
direct examination of the relationship between the feral goat population and their food supply.
The various models were fitted to data collected on the field sites and the following results
were obtained:
(1) the dynamics of the feral goat populations could not be represented by single-species
models. This was most probably due to the stochastic environment in which they lived
causing the level of density dependence experienced by the goats to vary greatly masking its
presence.
(2) the rate of increase of the goat population could be predicted by the numerical response of
rate of increase to pasture biomass. This demonstrated that food availability influenced the
dynamics of the goat population.
(3) goat density affected the availability of some species of shrub biomass. There was,
however, no response seen in the availability of pasture species to changes in goat density.
Since the study was conducted during a drought this is in agreement with other studies
which indicated that goats will primarily browse during dry spells but switch to pasture
species when conditions improve following rainfall.
These results indicate that a negative feed-back loop does exist between feral goat populations
and their food supply since the goats affected the availability of some shrub species and so they
suffer intrinsic food shortages. This means goats have the ability to reduce the availability of
food to other herbivores providing both are eating the same species.
Cost-efficiency analysis showed that the cost of removing individual feral goats increases
exponentially as density decreases because the search time per animal becomes greater. This
relationship was used to construct a model that predicted the cost of achieving a target density.
The model describing cost of control over density was also combined with a productivity
model based on the numerical response of feral goats to pasture biomass to predict the cost of
maintaining target densities under different environmental conditions. Using these models the
most cost-efficient density identified was 11 goats/km2.
From this study we can make the following conclusions:
(1) feral goats have the ability to reduce the amount of shrub biomass available to other
herbivores during dry conditions
(2) their ability to influence the availability of pasture species remains unknown
(3) given the cost of initial and ongoing control and the minimal benefits that result it would be
difficult to justify controlling goats during a drought on the field sites.
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Belbis, Guillaume. "Impact de l’infection par le sérotype 8 du virus de la Fièvre Catarrhale Ovine (BTV-8) chez le caprin (Capra hircus)." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA114825.
Full textAbstract:
La Fièvre Catarrhale Ovine est une arbovirose due à un Orbivirus touchant les ruminants. Récemment, une épizootie majeure, notamment due au sérotype 8 du virus (BTV-8), a touché les ruminants Européens. Ce sérotype a présenté plusieurs particularités telles que le spectre d’hôte original, et la transmission transplacentaire. L’impact de l’infection par le BTV-8 chez le caprin a été étudiée dans ce travail d’un point de vue clinique, virologique, hématologique et sérologique, et notamment pour ce dernier aspect à travers le développement de deux outils sérologiques. L’impact d’une infection maternelle sur le fœtus a également été étudié.Ces travaux ont confirmé que l’impact de l’infection par le BTV-8 chez les caprins est modéré, tant d’un point de vue clinique que d’un point de vue hématologique. Ce travail a également permis de faire ressortir plusieurs connaissances nouvelles: un impact modéré sur les comptages leucocytaires ; une transmission transplacentaire du virus lors d’infection en milieu de gestation ; une détection du virus dans la semence ; une possible transmission « directe », non vectorielle.Ces 3 dernières constatations n’avaient jusqu’alors pas été rapportées dans la littérature chez les caprins, mais avaient été observées chez les ovins et les bovins. Ceci confirme que, même si les caprins sont des animaux sensibles mais que l’impact clinique est limité, la plupart des caractéristiques faisant la spécificité de l’infection par la souche européenne du BTV-8 peuvent également être retrouvées dans cette espèce. Néanmoins, l’absence de description de ces particularités dans des conditions d’infection naturelle ne permet pas de conclure quant à leur impact sur le terrain.Des outils sérologiques ont été également développés afin d’étudier les propriétés antigéniques des protéines virales chez le caprin. La production des protéines recombinantes NS1, NS3, VP7 et VP2 en système baculovirus, et de la protéine NS2 en système E. coli, ont permis l’obtention de protéines recombinantes. Ces 5 protéines recombinantes ont permis le développement de tests sérologiques permettant d’étudier leurs propriétés antigéniques et la cinétique d’apparition des anticorps après vaccination ou/et infection par le BTV-8 chez le caprin.Dans un premier temps, des tests ELISA indirect NS1, NS2, NS3, VP7 et VP2 ont été développés, et la capacité des tests ELISA NS et VP7 à permettre une différenciation entre les animaux infectés et vaccinés a été évaluée. Cependant, des anticorps anti-NS2 et NS3 ont été détectés dans les sérums d’animaux vaccinés et une faible réponse obtenue en ELISA NS1 chez les animaux infectés rend difficile l’utilisation d’un test ELISA DIVA basé sur ces 3 protéines non structurales. Enfin, une réponse en anticorps anti-VP2 est détectée par le test ELISA VP2 après vaccination et après épreuve virulente, suggérant une détection d’anticorps spécifiques de type par ce test.Dans un second temps, un test Luminex multiplex, basé sur l’utilisation des protéines VP7 et VP2 a été développé. Le Luminex VP7 présente une très bonne corrélation avec l’ELISA VP7 lorsque les sérums d’animaux infectés sont testés, avec une aire sous la courbe de 0,987. Les performances de ce test paraissent cependant modérées lorsque des sérums issus d’animaux ayant reçu une unique injection vaccinale sont testés. Le Luminex VP2 présente des performances également excellentes, avec une aire sous la courbe de 0,978. Les VPP et VPN ont été calculées pour des prévalences très faibles (0,5%, correspondant à la prévalence devant être détectée par le screening sérologique d’animaux sentinelles) : la VPP est alors très faible mais la VPN est très élevée (99,99% pour VP7, 99,95% pour VP2). Le test Luminex multiplex développé, caractérisé par une VPN très élevée, permet d’exclure avec confiance la présence du BTV-8 dans une région indemne lors de résultat négatif, correspondant parfaitement aux objectifs assignésBluetongue is an infectious non contagious arbovirosis caused by Bluetongue virus (BTV), belonging to the genus Orbivirus. Recently, a major epizooty, due to BTV-8, was encountered in European ruminants. This serotype presented several original features such as an original host spectrum and transplacental transmission. This work consisted in studying the impact of BTV-8 infection in goats from a clinical, virological, haematological and serological (after development of two new serological tests) point of view, because of the lack of knowledge in this specie. The impact on foetuses of infection during gestation was also studied.The different animal studies realised confirmed that the BTV-8 infection has a moderate impact in goats from a clinical and haematological point of view. These studies led to obtain new information about BTV-8 impact: moderate impact on leucocytes counts; transplacental transmission of the virus when infection occurs in mid-pregnancy; detection of BTV-8 in bucks’ semen; direct, non vectorial transmission. The last 3 results had never been described in goats with BTV-8 before but had been encountered in sheep and cattle: it proves that, even if goats are susceptible to the infection but are less affected by the virus, most of feature of BTV-8 North European strain can also be encountered in this specie. However, these features have not been described in natural conditions, making impossible to conclude on their impact in the field.In a second part of this thesis, serological tool have been developed in order to study antigenic properties of viral proteins in goats. Recombinant proteins NS1, NS3, VP7 and VP2 were produced in baculovirus system, while NS2 was produced in E. coli system. These recombinant proteins were used to develop serological test in order to study antigenic properties and the kinetic of antibodies response against this 5 proteins after vaccination against and infection by BTV-8 in goats.In a first part, indirect ELISA NS1, NS2, NS3, VP7 and VP2 were developed, and the opportunity to develop DIVA ELISA test using NS and VP ELISA was evaluated. However, detection of antibodies against NS2 and NS3 in vaccinated animals, and the difficulties to detect antibodies against NS1 in infected animals led us to conclude that a DIVA ELISA test using non-structural proteins was difficult. Finally, it was possible to detect antibodies against VP2 in infected and vaccinated animals using our VP2 ELISA, suggesting a detection of antibodies specific of serotype by this test.In a second part, a multiplex Luminex test, using VP7 and VP2, was developed. This test has, for VP7 detection, a strong correlation with cELISA VP7, with an area under the curve of 0.987. Luminex VP7 performance is moderate when sera from goats having only one vaccine administration were tested. Concerning Luminex VP2, test performance are also excellent with an area under the curve of 0.978. When a prevalence of 0.5% was applied (prevalence that should be detected by serological screening in Europe), de predictive negative value was very high (99.99% for Luminex VP7; 99.95% for Luminex VP2). The Luminex test developed, with a very high PNV, can exclude with a high level of confidence the presence of BTV-8 in a free-area
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Hellawell, Thomas Christian. "Aspects of the ecology and management of the feral goat (Capra hircus L.) : populations of the Rhinogau and Maentwrog areas, North Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321336.
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Lamy, Elsa Cristina Carona de Sousa. "Salivary proteomics as a tool to understand ingestive behavior: an experimental study in sheep (Ovis aries), goat (Capra hircus) and mice (Mus musculus)." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11145.
Full textAbstract:
The oral cavity is the part of the animal internal medium that first comes into contact with food. Numerous chemical and mechanical receptors in the mouth respond to the food chemical and physical properties and monitor the changes during processing. This leads; to central perception of taste and texture of food, which, together with odor, are important determinants in the decision of to ingest or not. Saliva plays an important role in the perception of taste and texture sensations. Its composition can modulate food perception and, simultaneously, be modulated by the type of diet.
This thesis is focused on the study of the role of salivary proteins on ingestive behavior. Tannins are used as a modal to access changes in salivary protein profile induced by dietary compounds. These plant secondary metabolites produce aversive taste/oral sensations influencing animal diet choices. The levels of dietary tannins tolerated vary according to the physiological mechanisms that animals possess to avoid their potential negative effects. Saliva, and more particularly salivary proteins, has been pointed as a defense mechanism against tannins. Three animal species were studied: sheep, goat and mice. The first two species are ruminant species and present similar digestive characteristics, but differ between them in the levels of dietary tannins tolerated. Mice, on the other hand, represent a rodent mammalian specie with different digestive characteristics.
We have studied the effect of tannins on mice salivary gland histomorphology (chapter 2) since these are the sites of salivary protein production. Both condensed and hydrolysable tannins produced major effects in the acinar structures, with condensed tannins having a stronger effect. The similarities between these effects and the ones produced by isoproterenol suggested that tannins act through activation of sympathetic nervous system.
The effects of quebracho tannin and tannic acid on mice whole saliva protein composition were studied by comparing the SDS-PAGE profile of control animals to the ones from animas fed with these compounds during 10 days (chapter 3). Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) data were used to identify salivary proteins. One isoform of salivary amylase was observed to increase in response to both types of tannins.
Despite a considerable number of studies on mice salivary glands and saliva, a proteome of mice whole saliva was not, at our knowledge, characterized to date. In chapter 4 we used two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to MALDI-TOF MS for this purpose. A total of 26 proteins were identified. The effects of the ingestion of quebracho tannin for a period of ten days were studied in the salivary protein fraction, which does not precipitate tannins. The expression leveis
of one isoform of alpha amylase and of an unidentified protein were observed to increase,
whereas acidic mammalian chitinase and Muc10 decreased. Additionally, two protein spots were
induced, that were not identified by MS, but, based on their staining characteristics, we suggest
them to be proline-rich proteins,
Sheep and goat parotid saliva proteomes were characterized and compared, and total of 40
parotid salivary proteins were identified, with differences between the two species being
reported (chapters 5 and 6). , Two-dimensional electrophoretic protein saliva maps of animals
in control diets and after 10 days quebracho tannin consumption were compared (chapter 6).
Changes in salivary protein expression levels induced by tannins were observed, some of which
are common to sheep and goats and others specific of each species.
Altogether the results suggest that salivary proteome study can be important in understanding
feeding behavior and that proteome is influenced in the short-medium terra by diet
composition. Although differences among mice, sheep and goats exist, in response to tannin
ingestion, a common feature to the three species is the increase in the expression levels of
proteins usually increased in stress situations. This, together with the histomorphometric data,
which point to an action of tannins in sympathetic nervous system, suggests that the
mechanisms involved in salivary protein regulation by tannins may be related to a "stress
response" imposed by these compounds.
/RESUMO -
A cavidade oral é o local de primeiro contacto entre o alimento e o ambiente interno do animal. Numerosos receptores químicos e mecânicos, presentes na boca, respondem às propriedades químicas e físicas dos alimentos e monitorizam as alterações durante o seu processamento. Isto tem como consequência a percepção do gosto e textura dos alimentos, os quais em conjunto com o olfacto, são determinantes na decisão de ingerir. A saliva desempenha um papel de extrema importância neste processo, pois a sua composição pode modular a percepção dos alimentos, e, em simultâneo, ser modulada pelo tipo de dieta.
A presente tese tem como objectivo o estudo do papel das proteínas salivares no comportamento ingestivo. Para avaliar as alterações na secreção de proteínas salivares induzidas por compostos presentes na dieta utilizaram-se três tipos de taninos: ácido tânico, chestnut (taninos hidrolisáveis) e quebracho (taninos condensados). Estes metabolitos secundários das plantas produzem sensações gustativas/orais aversivas que influenciam a escolha da dieta, por parte dos animais. Os níveis de taninos, presentes na dieta, tolerados pelas diferentes espécies animais variam de acordo com os mecanismos fisiológicos que cada u ma possui para evitar potenciais efeitos negativos. A saliva, e mais especificamente as proteínas salivares, têm sido apontadas como componentes de mecanismos de defesa que contrariam os efeitos dos taninos. Para avaliar a importância da saliva no comportamento ingestivo, e mais especificamente no consumo desses compostos, foram estudadas três espécies: ovelhas (Ovis arfes), cabras (Capra hircus) e murganhos (Mus musculus). As duas primeiras apresentam características digestivas semelhantes, mas diferem entre elas nos níveis de taninos que toleram; os murganhos, por outro lado, representam uma espécie de mamíferos com diferentes características digestivas.
No capitulo 2 estudaram-se os efeitos dos taninos ao nível da histomorfologia das glândulas salivares de murganhos. É conhecido que, em roedores de laboratório, proteínas salivares, como as proteínas ricas em prolina (PRPs), são induzidas por agonistas do sistema nervoso simpático (ex. isoproterenol), e que essa indução está inter-relacionada com um aumento do tamanho das estruturas atinares das glândulas parótidas e submandibulares. 0 efeito do consumo de taninos apresenta semelhanças com o efeito provocado pelo tratamento com isoproterenol, no que diz respeito a um aumento da massa glandular e à indução de PRPs. De modo a estudar os efeitos dos taninos, a nível da histomorfologia das glândulas salivares, murganhos foram submetidos a dietas com três taninos pertencentes a diferentes classes estruturais (ácido tânico, chestnut e quebracho), ou injectados com isoproterenol, durante dez dias. 0 tamanho dos ácinos das glândulas salivares, parótidas e submandibulares, aumentou significativamente, tendo sido esse aumento maior para as glândulas parótidas,
comparativamente às glândulas submandibulares, e maior para os animais que consumiram quebracho, comparativamente com os outros tipos de taninos. 0 tratamento com qualquer um dos três tipos de taninos também resultou num aumento significativo do tamanho dos ácinos das gandulas sublinguais, ao contrário do tratamento com isoproterenol, que não produziu alterações significativas nestas estruturas. Os resultados obtidos por nós estão de acordo com outros estudos que sugerem que os taninos actuam a nível do sistema nervoso simpático, mais concretamente ao nível dos receptores beta-adrenérgicos. No entanto, e devido à observação de efeitos produzidos ao nível das glândulas sublinguais, não são de excluir mecanismos adicionais da acção dos taninos. Para além disso, são apresentadas evidências de que os efeitos produzidos pelos taninos dependem da estrutura destes compostos, e é possível que os murganhos necessitem de produzir uma maior quantidade de proteínas salivares, como defesa contra a acção de taninos condensados, comparativamente a taninos hidrolisáveis.
Presentemente sabe-se que, dois grupos de proteínas salivares, histatinas e proteínas ricas em prolina, apresentam uma elevada afinidade para taninos, diminuindo a actividade biológica destes compostos. A possibilidade de existirem outras proteínas salivares com funções de defesa contra taninos é desconhecida. No capítulo 3 caracterizaram-se e compararam-se os perfis proteicos da saliva mista de murganhos submetidos a três tipos de dieta: controlo, com a incorporação de taninos hidrolisáveis (5% ácido tânico) ou coma incorporação de taninos condensados (5% quebracho). As proteínas foram separadas de acordo com as suas massas moleculares, por electroforese em gel de poliacrilamida Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electroforesis (SDS-PAGE), e analisadas utilizado um espectrómetro de massa com ionização do tipo MALDI (Matriz Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization) associado a um analisador de massas, do tipo "tempo de voo", TOF (Time of Flight). A identificação das proteínas presentes nas bandas isoladas foi feita através do método "Peptide Mass Fingerprinting" (PMF). Uma vez que as proteínas mais abundantes dificultam a observação e identificação de proteínas com menores níveis de expressão, recorreu-se à centrifugação para remoção das proteínas precipitadas pelos taninos. Foi possível identificar dez proteínas salivares diferentes, algumas das quais apresentando diferentes isoformas. A adição de taninos à dieta provocou alterações no perfil proteico da saliva. Uma isoforma de alfa-amilase foi sobre-expressa em consequência do consumo de ambos os tipos de taninos. Por outro lado, a proteína aldeído redutase foi identificada apenas no grupo que consumiu quebracho.
Apesar do número considerável de estudos realizados com glândulas salivares e saliva de roedores de laboratório, a caracterização do proteoma da saliva destas espécies não se encontra ainda descrita. No capítulo 4 pretendeu-se caracterizar o proteoma da saliva mista de murganho, recorrendo à separação proteica por electroforese bi-dimensional, seguida da identificação das proteínas por PMF, e avaliação das alterações provocadas pelo consumo de taninos na composição proteica da saliva que não é precipitada por esses compostos.
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Viana, Rinaldo Batista. "Influência da gestação, da parição e do puerpério sobre o hemograma de caprinos (Capra hircus) da raça Saanen, criados no Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-22072011-145155/.
Full textAbstract:
Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da gestação, da parição e do puerpério sobre o quadro hemático de caprinos (Capra hircus) da raça Saanen foram colhidas amostras de sangue de animais criados em sistema intensivo, de acordo com o manejo tradicional empregado nas propriedades produtoras de leite do Estado de São Paulo. Nas amostras de sangue, colhidas em frascos contendo EDTA como anticoagulante, foram realizadas as seguintes provas: contagem do numero de hemácias, em câmara de Neubauer modificada, utilizando-se líquido de Gower como diluidor; determinação do volume globular, pelo método do microematócrito; dosagem de hemoglobina, pelo método da cianometaemoglobina; cálculo dos índices hematimétricos (VCM volume corpuscular médio; HCM hemoglobina corpuscular média; CHCM concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média), contagem do número total de leucócitos, em câmara de Neubauer modificada, utilizando-se o líquido de Thoma como diluidor; e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos, efetuada em esfregaços sanguíneos, corados pelo método de Rosenfeld. No primeiro experimento, delineado para avaliar a influência da gestação e do puerpério foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 150 cabras, divididas em 5 grupos experimentais, conforme a seguir discriminado: G1 composto por 30 cabras não prenhes; G2 - composto por 30 cabras na fase inicial da gestação, (entre 30 e 60 dias de gestação); G3 composto por 30 cabras na fase média da gestação (entre 60 e 120 dias de gestação); G4 composto 30 cabras na fase final da gestação, (com mais de 120 dias de gestação) e G5 composto por 30 cabras recém-paridas (com até 30 dias pós-parto). No segundo experimento, delineado para avaliar a influência da parição e do puerpério sobre o quadro hemático foram colhidas 198 amostras de sangue de 11 cabras, sendo os resultados apresentados em 18 grupos experimentais, conforme a seguir discriminado: 32, 16, 8, 4, 3, 2, 1 e ½ dias antes do parto, imediatamente após o parto, e ½, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 32 e 64 dias após o parto. No primeiro experimento, a avaliação dos resultados demonstrou que o eritrograma sofreu influência da gestação, sendo o quadro eritrocitário caracterizado, na fase final da gestação, por uma diminuição do número de hemácias e um aumento nos valores do VCM e do HCM. Também se observou a influência da gestação sobre o leucograma, pois o quadro leucocitário foi caracterizado por uma diminuição gradual do número de leucócitos com o avançar da gestação, atingindo seus menores valores no final da gestação e no puerpério. Essa diminuição ocorreu devido ao comportamento observado para o número absoluto de linfócitos que também diminuiu com a evolução da gestação. Dessa forma, o quadro leucocitário tornou-se, predominantemente, neutrofílico na fase final da gestação e no puerpério. No segundo experimento, a avaliação dos resultados obtidos demonstrou que somente o leucograma sofreu influência da parição e da evolução do puerpério. Nos últimos três dias de gestação observou-se um gradual aumento do número de leucócitos, em decorrência das variações observadas no número total de neutrófilos, sendo o quadro leucocitário, no momento do parto, caracterizado por uma leucocitose por neutrofilia sem desvio à esquerda. Nas primeiras 24 horas após o parto, ainda foi possível ser observado essa leucocitose por neutrofilia que desapareceu nos dias subseqüentes, passando o quadro leucocitário a assemelhar-se, até o final do puerpério, àquele observado na fase final da gestação.With the intention of evaluating the influence of pregnancy, parturition and puerperium in the hemogram of Saanen goats (Capra hircus), blood samples were taken from goats bred in feedlots on the State of São Paulo. The blood samples were collected with EDTA and submitted to the following tests: erythrocyte counts (in the modified Neubauer hemocytometer, using Gowers liquid as a dilute); packed cell volume (using the microhematocrit method); hemoglobin concentration (using cyanmethemoglobin method); calculated blood indices: MCV mean corpuscular volume; MCH mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; total leukocyte counts (in the modified Neubauer hemocytometer, using Thomas liquid as a dilute); and differential leukocyte count (made up with blood smears and stained with Rosenfeld method). The first experiment was designed to evaluate the influence of pregnancy and puerperium. 150 blood samples were collected from five experimental groups of 30 goats each. These were the groups: G1 non-pregnant; G2 initial pregnancy (30 to 60 days of pregnancy); G3 middle pregnancy (60 to 120 days of pregnancy); G4 late pregnancy (more than 120 days of pregnancy); G5 kidding goats (until 30 days after parturition). In the second experiment, the influence of parturition and puerperium was evaluated in the hemogram. 198 blood samples were collected from 11 goats at different moments during pregnancy or puerperium and were allotted into 18 experimental groups as described: 32, 16, 8, 4, 3, 2, 1, ½ days before parturition, immediately after parturition and ½, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 days after parturition. In the 1st experiment, the evaluation of the results showed that the erythrogram was influenced by the pregnancy, characterizing the hemogram by a decrease on the number of erythrocytes and a raise on the values of the MVC and the MCH. The influence of pregnancy in the leukogram was also studied, showing a gradual decrease on the number of leukocytes further on in pregnancy reaching lower values at the end of pregnancy and puerperium. This happened due to changes observed on the absolute number of lymphocytes that lowered further on in pregnancy, becoming the leukogram mostly neutrophilic at the end of pregnancy and puerperium. In the 2nd experiment, an evaluation of the results concerning the influence of parturition and puerperium in the hemogram demonstrated that only the leukogram was under the influence of these factors. On the last three days of pregnancy, a gradual raise on the number of leukocytes was observed due to same changes on the total number of neutrophils. At the moment of parturition the leukogram was characterized by a leukocytosis due to neutrophilia with no shift to the left. On the first 24 hours after parturition, it was still possible to observe this leukocytosis due to neutrophilia that disappeared on the subsequent days making the leukogram look similar to that observed at the late pregnancy until the end of puerperium.
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Monreal, Antônio Carlos Duenhas [UNESP]. "Influência do fotoperíodo artificial na produção de oócitos e competência no desenvolvimento embrionário em cabras (Capra hircus-Linnaeus-1758) estimuladas com FSH-ov no anestro estacional." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105983.
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Os caprinos foram os primeiros animais a serem domesticados pelo homen. Desses animais produz-se carne, leite, seus derivados, pele e pêlos. O fotoperíodo artificial tem sido utilizado apenas na sincronização de estros em caprinos. Atualmente, os caprinos ganharam importância mundial pela produção de animais transgênicos produzidos por FIV (fertilização“in vitro”). As concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona, cortisol e melatonina, durante a superestimulação ovariana na estação reprodutiva e anestro estacional ainda não foram avaliadas, bem como a influência do fotoperíodo artificial na melhora da produção de oócitos. Sendo assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar se o fotoperíodo artificial empregado em cabras (120 luxes/45 dias/20 h), melhora a produção e desenvolvimento dos oócitos caprinos no período de estação reprodutiva e anestro estacional, verificar as concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona, cortisol e melatonina durante a superestimulação ovariana e quatro dias após o processo cirúrgico para colheita dos oócitos por laparotomia. Foram utilizadas 31 cabras Alpinas, distribuídas em cinco grupos, avaliando o fotoperíodo natural e artificial, sêmen fresco e congelado e heparina (200μg/mL) na capacitação espermática. Foram obtidos 720 oócitos e sete blastocistos (cinco do G3- fotoperíodo natural e dois no G2 –fotoperíodo artificial, ambos durante o anestro estacional)... .
Goats were the first animals to be domesticated by man. From these animals meat, milk, its byproducts, skin and fur are obtained. Artificial photoperiod has been used only in the synchronization of estrus in goats. Currently, goats have gained world-wide importance for the production of transgenic animals obtained by IVF (in-vitro fertilization). Plasmatic concentrations of progesterone, cortisol and melatonin, during ovarian superstimulation in the reproductive season and seasonal anestrus, or the influence of artificial photoperiod in the improvement of the production of oocytes have not yet been evaluated. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate if the artificial photoperiod used in goats (120 lux/45 days/20 h), improves the production and development of goat oocytes in the reproductive seasonal period and anestrus, to verify the plasmatic concentrations of progesterone, cortisol and melatonin during ovarian superstimulation and four days after the surgical process for removal of oocytes for laparotomy. 31 Alpine goats were used, distributed into five groups, evaluating natural photoperiod and artificial, fresh and frozen semen and heparin (200æg/mL) in sperm qualification. 720 oocytes and seven blastocysts were obtained (five from the natural G3- photoperiod and two in the G2 artificial photoperiod, both during seasonal anestrus). There was no statistical difference among the groups. The plasmatic concentrations of progesterone varied during ovarian superstimulation (p<0,05) during the whole period studied, in the season and in the anestrus season. There were statistical differences in the plasmatic concentrations of cortisol (p<0,05), in the reproductive season and in the anestrus season, however the G2 (artificial photoperiod) presented intermediate hormone concentrations of cortisol between the control group and the G3 (natural photoperiod + surgery)... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
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Monreal, Antônio Carlos Duenhas. "Influência do fotoperíodo artificial na produção de oócitos e competência no desenvolvimento embrionário em cabras (Capra hircus-Linnaeus-1758) estimuladas com FSH-ov no anestro estacional /." Botucatu, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105983.
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Orientador : Gilson Hélio ToniolloResumo: Os caprinos foram os primeiros animais a serem domesticados pelo homen. Desses animais produz-se carne, leite, seus derivados, pele e pêlos. O fotoperíodo artificial tem sido utilizado apenas na sincronização de estros em caprinos. Atualmente, os caprinos ganharam importância mundial pela produção de animais transgênicos produzidos por FIV (fertilização"in vitro"). As concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona, cortisol e melatonina, durante a superestimulação ovariana na estação reprodutiva e anestro estacional ainda não foram avaliadas, bem como a influência do fotoperíodo artificial na melhora da produção de oócitos. Sendo assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar se o fotoperíodo artificial empregado em cabras (120 luxes/45 dias/20 h), melhora a produção e desenvolvimento dos oócitos caprinos no período de estação reprodutiva e anestro estacional, verificar as concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona, cortisol e melatonina durante a superestimulação ovariana e quatro dias após o processo cirúrgico para colheita dos oócitos por laparotomia. Foram utilizadas 31 cabras Alpinas, distribuídas em cinco grupos, avaliando o fotoperíodo natural e artificial, sêmen fresco e congelado e heparina (200μg/mL) na capacitação espermática. Foram obtidos 720 oócitos e sete blastocistos (cinco do G3- fotoperíodo natural e dois no G2 -fotoperíodo artificial, ambos durante o anestro estacional)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: Goats were the first animals to be domesticated by man. From these animals meat, milk, its byproducts, skin and fur are obtained. Artificial photoperiod has been used only in the synchronization of estrus in goats. Currently, goats have gained world-wide importance for the production of transgenic animals obtained by IVF ("in-vitro" fertilization). Plasmatic concentrations of progesterone, cortisol and melatonin, during ovarian superstimulation in the reproductive season and seasonal anestrus, or the influence of artificial photoperiod in the improvement of the production of oocytes have not yet been evaluated. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate if the artificial photoperiod used in goats (120 lux/45 days/20 h), improves the production and development of goat oocytes in the reproductive seasonal period and anestrus, to verify the plasmatic concentrations of progesterone, cortisol and melatonin during ovarian superstimulation and four days after the surgical process for removal of oocytes for laparotomy. 31 Alpine goats were used, distributed into five groups, evaluating natural photoperiod and artificial, fresh and frozen semen and heparin (200æg/mL) in sperm qualification. 720 oocytes and seven blastocysts were obtained (five from the natural G3- photoperiod and two in the G2 artificial photoperiod, both during seasonal anestrus). There was no statistical difference among the groups. The plasmatic concentrations of progesterone varied during ovarian superstimulation (p<0,05) during the whole period studied, in the season and in the anestrus season. There were statistical differences in the plasmatic concentrations of cortisol (p<0,05), in the reproductive season and in the anestrus season, however the G2 (artificial photoperiod) presented intermediate hormone concentrations of cortisol between the control group and the G3 (natural photoperiod + surgery)... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Doutor
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SILVA, Elizabeth Regina Rodrigues da. "Estudo da viabilidade técnica do uso da gipsita, cloreto de sódio e resíduo de gesso na mineralização de caprinos (Capra hircus) em crescimento da raça Anglo Nubiana." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5595.
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Elizabeth Regina Rodrigues da Silva.pdf: 1435852 bytes, checksum: 9b11db8c3caeeb3e3fdced7129e23f75 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T11:52:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizabeth Regina Rodrigues da Silva.pdf: 1435852 bytes, checksum: 9b11db8c3caeeb3e3fdced7129e23f75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-06
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The aim of this work was to evaluate the technical feasibility of the use of gypsum, sodium chloride and plaster residue as a source of mineral for growing kid goats, and still study the clinical and nutritional aspects of their use. The results aimed at the technical and economic feasibility of raw materials and mineral supplement for goats. Such research helped in the generation of scientific data to enable future research involving gypsum, sodium chloride and plaster residue as a source of mineral supplementation in animal feed taking advantage of local gypsum and plaster residue for other purposes not only the construction. Six experimental groups of three Anglo Nubian breed goats were used aged 60 days. The animals were divided in accordance with the mineralization to be received: plaster residue (G1), Gypsum (G2), sodium chloride (G3), plaster residue associated with sodium chloride (G4), Gypsum associated with sodium chloride (G5), the control group that received no mineralization (G6). The animals received this treatment for 120 days and were periodically assessed by clinical examination, radiographic and laboratory tests, including blood tests, fecal tests and serum for biochemical analysis of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, urea, creatinine and examinations bromatological diets. In the data analysis techniques were used descriptive statistics: absolute distributions, percentages, the statistical measures: mean and standard deviation and correlation coefficient of Spearman and inferential statistical techniques via statistical tests of Kruskal-Wallis test and the null hypothesis of correlation. Statistical tests were performed with an error margin of 5.0%. Given the various observations made during the study adding to the interpretation of the results of statistical analysis, concluded that, in the herd studied factors such as high degree of parasitism and the lack of mineralization in the diet can reduce body weight gain in kids in growth; the average weight in each group increased with time evaluation, the mean weight of G6 were correspondingly smaller groups of other mineralized, there was greater weight gain in G4 and good yield in bone mineralization. All the goals pursued by the results of this research are directly involved in the production of goat in several stages, the mineralization to be closely involved with many aspects of the productive development of ruminants.
Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar a viabilidade técnica do uso da Gipsita, cloreto de sódio e resíduo de gesso como fonte mineral para cabritos em crescimento, e ainda estudar os aspectos clínico-nutricionais do seu uso. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a viabilidade técnico-econômica das matérias-primas utilizadas como suplemento mineral para caprinos em crescimento da raça Anglo Nubiana. Esta pesquisa auxilia na geração de dados científicos que possibilitam futuras pesquisas envolvendo a gipsita, cloreto de sódio e resíduo de gesso como fonte de minerais na suplementação de ração animal aproveitando a gipsita local e o resíduo de gesso para outros fins que não só o da construção civil. Foram utilizados 18 cabritos da raça Anglo Nubiana, com idade de 60 dias, separados em seis grupos experimentais, de acordo com a mineralização a ser recebida: Resíduo de gesso (G1); Gipsita (G2); Cloreto de sódio (G3); Resíduo de gesso associado ao Cloreto de Sódio (G4); Gipsita associada ao Cloreto de Sódio (G5); Grupo controle que não recebeu mineralização (G6). Os animais receberam este tratamento por 120 dias e foram reavaliados periodicamente através de exames clínicos, radiográficos e laboratoriais, incluindo exames hematológicos, coproparasitológicos e séricos para análise bioquímica de cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, uréia, creatinina e exames bromatológicos nas dietas. Na análise dos dados foram utilizadas técnicas de estatística descritiva: distribuições absolutas, percentuais, das medidas estatísticas: média e desvio padrão e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e técnicas de estatística inferencial através dos testes estatísticos de Kruskal-Wallis e para a hipótese de correlação nula. Os testes estatísticos foram realizados com margem de erro de 5,0%. Diante das diversas observações realizadas durante o estudo somando-se a interpretação dos resultados da analise estatística, concluiu-se que, no rebanho estudado alguns fatores como grau de parasitose alto e ausência de mineralização nas dietas podem diminuir o ganho de peso vivo em cabritos em crescimento; as médias do peso em cada grupo aumentaram com o tempo de avaliação; as médias do peso do G6 foram correspondentemente menores dos demais grupos mineralizados; observou-se maior ganho de peso no G4 e bom rendimento na mineralização óssea do G2. Todas as metas alcançadas através dos resultados desta pesquisa estão diretamente envolvidas com a cadeia produtiva da caprinocultura em várias etapas, por estar a mineralização envolvida estreitamente com inúmeros aspectos do desenvolvimento produtivo dos ruminantes.
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Hayes, Hélène. "Analyse caryotypique et cartographie génique comparées chez les trois principaux bovidés domestiques : le buf (Bos Taurus l.), le mouton (Ovis aries l.) et la chèvre (Capra hircus L.)." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077265.
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Le but de cette thèse est de réaliser une étude comparée d'une part des caryotypes des trois espèces principales de bovidés domestiques (bovine, ovine et caprine) et d'autre part de leurs cartes géniques physiques. Des techniques d'analyse chromosomique ont été mises au point: cultures synchronisées de fibroblastes, marquage chromosomique par les bandes RBG et RBP et hybridation in situ de sondes non radioactives avec détection simultanée des signaux d'hybridation et des bandes RBP au microscope en fluorescence. Les caryotypes standards bovin, ovin et caprin en bandes RBG ont été établis, les caryotypes de ces trois espèces ont été comparés et sept loci différents (caséine beta, caséine alpha s2, beta lactoglobuline, alpha lactalbumine, lactopéroxydase, rétinoblastome et séquence immunoglobuline mu-like) ont été localises sur les chromosomes bovins, ovins et caprins. Des comparaisons chromosomiques et cartographiques ont été réalisées entre l'homme et le buffle domestique afin de rechercher des régions chromosomiques communes aux deux espèces. Enfin, une reconstitution partielle de la phylogénie chromosomique de 28 espèces de bovidés est proposée
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Maciel, Karen Praetzel. "Inquérito sorológico para detecção de anticorpos de Toxoplasma gondii em caprinos (Capra hircus) criados nos municípios de Gravataí e Viamão, região da Grande Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5542.
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A toxoplasmose é uma das enfermidades parasitárias mais difundidas entre as transmissíveis. Novos aspectos parecem justificar o reaparecimento da questão da toxoplasmose, uma vez que ela vem sendo diagnosticada em um número crescente de pacientes com imunossupressão devida a várias causas tais como doenças malignas, transplantes de órgãos e principalmente, a Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS). Mais de 50% da população humana mundial acha-se infectada pelo Toxoplasma gondii com variações determinadas por fatores climáticos, sócio-econômicos, tipo de contato com animais, em especial o gato e costumes alimentares relacionados ao consumo de carnes. O T. gondii é um protozoário que infecta praticamente todas as espécies animais. A caprinocultura é uma atividade bastante exercida no Estado, sendo que representa 0,4% de sua atividade pecuária total. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o papel desempenhado pela espécie caprina na transmissão do T.gondii. A amostragem foi estratificada por idade e gênero. Foram analisadas 360 amostras de soros de caprinos, através da técnica de Hemaglutinaçao Indireta (HAI) e Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFI). Os resultados obtidos pela HAI estimam uma freqüência de 19 % de soro-positividade e pela IFI de 30%, o que representa índices elevados. Em relação a Hemaglutinação Indireta, na variável gênero, foi observada uma freqüência de 20,1% de soropositividade para os machos e 19,3% para as fêmeas, enquanto que na variável idade, os resultados demonstraram freqüências de 16,5% para os indivíduos jovens e 21,1% para os adultos. No que tange à Imunofluorescência Indireta, a variável gênero demonstrou uma freqüência de 14,44% de soropositivos para os machos e 15,56% para as fêmeas. Na variável idade, através desta mesma técnica, observou-se uma freqüência de soropositividade de 13,06% para indivíduos jovens e de 16,94% para indivíduos adultos. Ao compararem-se as duas técnicas os dados obtidos revelam uma associação significativa entre elas, com uma índice de co-positividade para a HAI de 78,6% e de co-negatividade de 81,7%. O índice Kappa utilizado para medir o grau de concordância entre as duas técnicas foi igual a 0,5% que evidencia um grau de concordância moderado entre as técnicas, recomendando, desta forma o uso cauteloso da HAI na espécie caprina. Os dados obtidos nos permitem concluir que os caprinos criados na região estudada podem ser fonte de transmissão de T. gondii.
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Naderi, Saeid. "Histoire évolutive de l’Aegagre (Capra aegagrus) et de la chèvre (C. Hircus) basée sur l’analyse du polymorphisme de l’ADN mitochondrial et nucléaire : Implications pour la conservation et pour l’origine de la domestication." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10308.
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La chèvre (Capra hircus) est l’un des premiers ongulés domestiqués il y a plus de 10 000 ans dans le croissant fertile. L’histoire de la domestication a été abordée par l’analyse comparée de la diversité génétique des chèvres domestiques et de celle de son ancêtre sauvage (Capra aegagrus). Nous avons tout d’abord mis au point une méthode standard permettant d’établir une nomenclature claire des haplogroupes mitochondriaux, et aussi de définir de nouveaux haplogroupes lorsque cela s’avère pertinent. Cette méthode a été utilisée pour analyser 2430 séquences d’ADN mitochondrial (fragment HV1 de la région de contrôle), incluant 946 nouveaux échantillons issus de régions très peu étudiées jusqu’ici (notamment le Croissant Fertile). Les haplogroupes mitochondriaux présentent une forte diversité génétique qui est essentiellement distribuée entre haplogroupes au sein des régions géographiques. Même avec un jeu de donnée aussi important que celui-ci, il est très difficile de comprendre l’histoire de la domestication en se basant uniquement sur l’analyse des animaux domestiques. L’étude conjointe de la diversité des chèvres et de leurs ancêtres sauvages (les aegagres) ont apporté les informations permettant de reconstituer l’histoire de la domestication. Ces données ont été acquises à partir de 487 aegagres issus de 43 localités recouvrant l’ensemble de l’aire de répartition de l’espèce. Chez les 308 aegagres génétiquement proches des chèvres, nous avons trouvé la signature d’une croissance démographique plus forte que chez les autres aegagres. Cela suggère un nouveau scénario de domestication de la chèvre en deux étapes. La domestication sensu stricto aurait été précédée d’une phase de gestion des troupeaux sauvages par l’homme (la pré-domestication). Ces processus se sont déroulés sur une vaste zone comprenant l’Est de l’Anatolie, l’ensemble du Zagros, le Plateau Iranien Central et le Nord Est de l’Iran, où les aegagres génétiquement proches des chèvres sont toujours présents. L’analyse comparée de la diversité nucléaire et mitochondriale chez les chèvres et les aegagres démontre qu’une grande partie de la diversité génétique sauvage a été capturée par les domestiques. Il n’y a donc pas eu de goulot d’étranglement au moment de la domestication de la chèvre. Ce scénario est très différent des modèles précédents qui mettaient en avant des processus à échelle réduite, avec des centres de domestication très localisés et une forte réduction de diversité génétiqueThe goat (Capra hircus) was one of the first domesticated ungulates in Fertile Crescent more than 10,000 years ago. For investigating the evolutionary history and domestication process of this species, we studied its present genetic diversity and that of its wild progenitor, the bezoar (Capra aegagrus). Initially, the study of 2430 individuals from all over the old world allowed us to characterize the genetic diversity of domestic goats. This study included 946 new individuals from regions poorly studied until now, mainly the Fertile Crescent. The analysis concerned the HVI segment of the control region of the mtDNA. This large-scale study allowed to establish a clear nomenclature of the goat maternal haplogroups and also to assess the pertinence of defining new haplogroups. We found a large genetic diversity that was mainly distributed among goat haplogroups within geographical areas. However, even with such a huge data set, it remains difficult to understand the domestication history by the genetic analysis of domestic goats on its own. Therefore, to fully understand the domestication process, we compared the polymorphism of 487 modern bezoars from 43 localities covering most of their distribution areas to that of the 2430 goats. Based on mtDNA data, we found that 308 bezoars were close relatives to the six goat mtDNA haplogroups. They showed a higher population growth rate than other bezoars. This data supports a new two-step large-scale domestication scenario for goats. After an early phase of sustainable management of wild herds by humans (pre-domestication phase), the effective domestication took place over a large area. This area included Eastern Anatolia, the whole Zagros, the Central Iranian Plateau and the North-Eastern of Iran where wilds close-to-domestics are still present. The combined analysis of mtDNA and nuclear DNA polymorphisms for bezoars and domestic goats, demonstrated that a large genetic diversity, corresponding to a large number of mtDNA haplotypes, was captured at the initial step of the effective domestication. The first domesticated goats were able to capture most of the genetic diversity of their wild ancestors and clearly, the goats do not fit the bottleneck domestication paradigm. This scenario is very different from previous models, which call for restricted domestication centres and population bottlenecks
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Bombonato, Nadia Grandi. "Tuberculinização e aspectos epidemiológicos da tuberculose caprina na mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2009. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/12954.
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Data on caprine tuberculosis in Brazil and its importance for
public health are scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the
occurrence and examine epidemiological aspects of tuberculosis in dairy goat herds
in the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba mesoregion in the state of Minas Gerais,
Brazil. Two hundred and thirty-three goats from seven dairy farms were
tuberculinized using the comparative cervical tuberculin test, taking as reference the
procedures and interpretation criteria of standard results for this species. Of the
animals subjected to the test, 1.29% (3/233) reacted positively, 2.14% (5/233)
showed inconclusive reactions, and 96.57% (225/233) showed no reaction. All the
goats that tested positive and one showing an inconclusive response were
necropsied. Samples of lymph nodes, liver, lung and kidney presenting alterations
were collected for a histopathological examination (hematoxylin-eosin). Material
removed from abscesses and lymph node fragments were cultured in Stonebrink and
Petragnani culture media. An epidemiological inquiry was carried out to analyze risk
factors on the farms. The necropsied animals did not exhibit macroscopic lesions
suggestive of tuberculosis or any histopathological alterations, nor did the cultures
show Mycobacterium sp. growth. The goats prevalence rate to tuberculin reaction
was 1.29%, which may represent a zoonotic risk in this mesoregion since these are
dairy herds. The interpretation of the epidemiological records, allied to the results of
the tuberculinization procedure, indicated positive reagents only on a farm where
fresh cow milk was fed to newborn goat kids.Dados referentes à tuberculose caprina no Brasil e sua importância em saúde pública são escassos. Diante disso, este trabalho teve por objetivos investigar a ocorrência e pesquisar aspectos epidemiológicos da tuberculose em rebanhos leiteiros caprinos na mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba, MG. Foram tuberculinizados 233 caprinos provenientes de sete propriedades leiteiras, utilizando-se o teste cervical comparativo, tomando-se como referência os procedimentos e critérios de interpretação de resultados padronizados para esta espécie. Dos animais submetidos ao teste, 1,29% (3/233) reagiram positivamente, 2,14% (5/233) apresentaram reações inconclusivas e 96,57% (225/233) não reagiram. Todos os caprinos positivos e um com resposta inconclusiva foram submetidos à necropsia. Amostras de linfonodos, fígado, pulmão e rim que apresentaram alterações foram colhidos para exame histopatológico (Hematoxilina-Eosina). Material proveniente de abscessos e fragmentos de linfonodos foi submetido à cultura em meio de Stonebrink e Petragnani. Um inquérito epidemiológico foi procedido para análise dos fatores relacionados à ocorrência de tuberculose nas propriedades. Não foram encontradas lesões macroscópicas sugestivas de tuberculose nos animais necropsiados, nem alterações histopatológicas. Também não houve crescimento de micobactérias na cultura. A taxa de reatividade à tuberculina dos caprinos foi de 1,29 %. Por se tratar de rebanhos leiteiros, a ocorrência de tuberculose pode representar risco zoonótico na mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba, MG. A interpretação dos registros epidemiológicos, associada aos resultados da tuberculinização constatou reagentes positivos somente na propriedade onde se utilizou leite bovino in natura para alimentar cabritos recém nascidos, porém a ocorrência da tuberculose não pode ser confirmada nesses caprinos.
Mestre em Ciências da Veterinárias
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Brancoli, Daniel Luz 1986. "O efeito da ivermectina na duração das fases de decomposição, sobre os insetos necrófagos e interpretação termográfica da distribuição espacial da massa larval de dípteros em carcaças de cabras (Capra aegragrus hircus L.,1758)." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317460.
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Orientador: Arício Xavier LinharesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A estimativa do intervalo pós-morte (IPM), período entre a ocorrência da morte e o momento em que o corpo ou carcaça é encontrado, é uma das principais utilizações de insetos na área forense. A partir de informações sobre a biologia, ecologia e distribuição geográfica dos insetos, bem como do comportamento de toda fauna presente em um corpo é possível estimar o menor intervalo da ocorrência da morte. Diversos fatores tais como temperatura, umidade, presença de substâncias tóxicas nos tecidos de uma carcaça, podem interferir no ciclo de vida de um inseto, afetando diretamente a estimativa do IPM quando esta é baseada em parâmetros biológicos do inseto. Por isso, múltiplos fatores devem ser considerados para que a perícia seja mais precisa. Com o aumento no número de mortes de animais de importância econômica devido à intoxicação medicamentosa, se faz necessárias pesquisas voltadas para a entomotoxicologia, uma área que carece de estudos específicos. Assim, o presente trabalho visou identificar a entomofauna associada a carcaças de cabras (Capra aegagrus hircus L.) mortas após tratamento com ivermectina, expostas em ambiente natural, além de averiguar possíveis diferenças na atratividade, no desenvolvimento dos imaturos que utilizaram esse substrato para alimentação e se a temperatura e o padrão de colonização da massa larval divergem entre as carcaças de animais mortos por intoxicação. Esse último parâmetro foi avaliado por meio de registros termográficos realizados em intervalos de 12 horas. Além da importância de fatores abióticos como luminosidade, temperatura, umidade e pluviosidade, pôde-se observar a ação da ivermectina nas carcaças tratadas, interferindo na composição da fauna colonizadora, no tempo total e em cada estágio da decomposição, assim como no padrão físico e comportamental das massas larvais em comparação ao grupo controle. Ainda foi demonstrado que a termografia pode ser utilizada como uma nova ferramenta em estudos periciais, auxiliando de forma significativa a avaliação dos parâmetros das massas larvais
Abstract: The estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI), period between the occurrence of death and the time at which the body or casing is found, is one of the main uses of insects in the forensic field. Using information on the biology, ecology and geographical distribution of insects, as well as the behavior of the entire fauna present in a body, is possible to estimate the time of death. Several factors such as temperature, humidity, presence of toxic substances in the tissues of a carcass, may interfere with the life cycle of an insect, directly affecting the estimate of PMI when it is based on biological parameters of the insect. Therefore, multiple factors should be considered so that the forensic analysis is more accurate. With the increase in the number of animal's deaths of economic importance due to drug intoxication, becomes necessary a research on entomotoxicology, an area with lack of specific studies. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the insect fauna associated with carcasses of goats (Capra aegagrus hircus L.) killed after treatment with ivermectin and exposed in the natural environment. Still, investigate possible differences in attractiveness, the immature development that used this substrate for feeding and if the temperature and the colonization pattern of larval mass differ between carcasses of animals killed after ivermectin inoculation. This last parameter was evaluated by thermographic shots performed at intervals of 12 hours. Besides the importance of abiotic factors such as luminosity, temperature, humidity and rainfall, the action of ivermectin on carcasses couse interferense in the composition of the colonizing fauna, the total time of colonization and the time of the decomposition stages, as well as the physical patterns and behavior of larval masses compared to the control group. Although it has been shown that thermography can be used as a new tool in forensic studies, helping to evaluate the parameters of larval mass
Mestrado
Parasitologia
Mestre em Parasitologia
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ANDRADE, Lílian Sabrina Silvestre de. "Avaliação terapêutica das pomadas do polissacarídeo do Anacardium occidentale L. e do extrato em pó da Jacaratia corumbensis O. kuntze em feridas cutâneas produzidas experimentalmente em caprinos (Capra hircus L.) :aspectos clínicos, bacteriológicos e histopatológicos." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2006. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5737.
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Lilian Sabrina Silvestre de Andrade.pdf: 944499 bytes, checksum: 7d034d7008c5e1c3440d9b53cbb94f1e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T12:20:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lilian Sabrina Silvestre de Andrade.pdf: 944499 bytes, checksum: 7d034d7008c5e1c3440d9b53cbb94f1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-06
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The cutaneous losses are frequent in domestic animals, having as aggravating different etiologies, the extension of the wound and the costs with the treatment. With the objective of evaluating the therapeutic effect of the ointments of polysaccharide of the cashew tree Anacardium occidentale L. (policaju) and the powdered extract of Jacaratia corumbensis O. kuntze (jacaratia) in the treatment of cutaneous wounds 20 goats were used, with medium weight of 24Kg in which six cutaneous flaws of 4cm2 were produced in the right and left thoracic area, being the one of the right hemi-thorax of the 20 animals considered the control wounds, which received topical application of sterile lanolin, the ones located in the left hemi-thorax of ten animals that received topical application of the ointment of policaju and the ones located in the left hemi-thorax of the other ten animals that received topical application of the ointment of jacaratia. The curative was made daily, applying 1ml of each formulation at each wound bed in both groups. The cutaneous lesions were also submitted to clinical, histopathological and microbiological evaluations. For accomplishment of the histopathological exam, the wounds were submitted to biopsies in different and previously determined times; in the ones produced cranially the biopsy was accomplished at the 7th day, the lesions located in the medium-ventral area at the 14th day and on the ones located caudally the biopsy was accomplished at the 28th day of pos-surgical evolution. The clinical evaluations were accomplished using a descriptive scale for evaluation of the parameters, being observed in the groups the presence of hyperemia and circumscrite edema to the lesion until the 3rd day of pos-surgical evolution; granulation tissue starting from the 4th day and cicatricial tissue starting from the 6th day. At the 21st postoperative day all the wounds were reepithelized. The microbiological exam was accomplished in the moment of the wounds production, when bacterial growth was not observed and in the biopsies moments, identifying the presence of Staphylococcus sp, Streptococcus sp, Bacillus sp, Shigella sp, Enterobacter sp and Micrococcus sp. The histopathological evaluation of the wounds revealed infiltrated inflammatory cells, neoangiogenesis, fibroblasts and collagens fibers. Was concluded that the ointments produced can be used as a treatment option for cutaneous wounds in goats.
As perdas cutâneas são freqüentes nos animais domésticos, tendo como agravantes diferentes etiologias, a extensão da ferida e os custos com o tratamento. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito terapêutico das pomadas do polissacarídeo do cajueiro Anacardium occidentale L.(policaju) e do extrato em pó da Jacaratia corumbensis O. kuntze (jacaratia) no tratamento de feridas cutâneas, foram utilizadas 20 cabras, com peso médio de 24Kg nas quais foram produzidas seis falhas cutâneas de 4cm2 na região torácica direita e esquerda, sendo as do hemi-tórax direito dos 20 animais as feridas consideradas controle, as quais receberam aplicação tópica da lanolina estéril, as localizadas no hemi-tórax esquerdo de dez animais que receberam a aplicação tópica da pomada do policaju e as localizadas no hemi-tórax esquerdo dos outros dez animais que receberam a aplicação tópica da pomada de Jacaratia. O curativo foi efetuado diariamente, aplicando-se 1ml de cada formulação preconizada no leito de cada ferida em ambos os grupos. As lesões cutâneas também foram submetidas a avaliações clínicas, histopatológicas e microbiológicas. Para realização do exame histopatológico, as feridas foram submetidas a biópsias em tempos diferentes e previamente determinados; nas produzidas cranialmente a biópsia foi realizada ao 7º dia, as lesões localizadas na região médio-ventral ao 14º dia e as localizadas caudalmente a biópsia foi realizada ao 28º dia de evolução pós-cirúrgica. As avaliações clínicas foram realizadas utilizando-se uma escala descritiva para avaliação dos parâmetros observando-se nos grupos a presença de hiperemia e edema circunscritos à lesão até o 3º dia de evolução pós-cirúrgica; tecido de granulação a partir do 4º dia e tecido cicatricial a partir do 6º dia. Ao 21º dia de pós-operatório todas as feridas estavam reepitelizadas. O exame microbiológico foi realizado no momento da produção das feridas, onde não observou-se crescimento bacteriano e nos momentos das biópsias, identificando-se a presença de Staphylococcus sp, Streptococcus sp, Bacillus sp, Shigella sp, Enterobacter sp e Micrococcus sp. A avaliação histopatológica das feridas revelou infiltrado inflamatório, neoangiogênse, fibroblastos e fibras colágenas. Concluiu-se que as pomadas testadas podem ser usadas como uma opção de tratamento para feridas cutâneas em caprinos.
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OLIVEIRA, Gilsan Aparecida de. "Pesquisa de anti-corpos IgG contra Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle & Manceaux, 1908) em leite de inquérito soro-epidemiológico da infecção em cabras (Capra hircus, Linneus, 1758) lactantes de criações de subsistência do Município do Jaboatão dos Guararapes - PE – Brasil." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5671.
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Despite its immunological properties for the newborn, milk is also considered a potential source of transmission of pathogens, and some of them cause zoonoses. The non-pasteurized goat milk has been implicated as an important source of infection of T. Gondii in children of rural areas which are feeding habit of eating raw milk. .Serological studies carried out in the Zona da Mata of the state of Pernambuco - Brazil shown that Toxoplasma gondii is widely disseminated in the goat herd in the region. The objective of this work was to find the presence of IgG immunoglobulin against T. Gondii in milk and to conduct an epidemiological investigation of the infection in lactating goats from creations of subsistence of the municipality of Jaboatão dos Guararapes – State of Pernambuco - Brazil. Samples of blood and milk were collected of 68 lactanting goats of various ages and races, in five rural properties of the said council. An investigative questionnaire was applied to each property. Samples were processed and tested by indirect immunofluorescence test for search of IgG, adopting the cut-off of 1:16 for both, followed by dilutions in factor 2 up to the dilution of1:516 for the serum and 1:64 for milk, for samples seropositive in the previous dilution. It was obtained seropositivity of 88.23%, 77.94%, 76.47%, 70.58%, 58.82% and 50% for dilutions of 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, 1:128, 1:256 and 1:512 respectively. Positivity in the samples of milk was 39.70%, 29.41% and 7.35% for dilutions of 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, respectively. Concluding that there is a statistical correlation between the result of association found in milk and in serum and in milk goats that are capable of eliminating the class IgG antibodies through milk at different times of lactation.
Apesar de suas propriedades imunológicas para o recém-nascido, o leite também é considerado como uma via potencial de transmissão de patógenos, sendo alguns deles causadores de zoonoses. O leite caprino não pasteurizado tem sido implicado como importante via de transmissão de T. gondii em crianças das áreas rurais as quais têm hábito alimentar de ingerir leite cru. Estudos sorológicos realizados na Zona da Mata do estado de Pernambuco demonstraram que Toxoplasma gondii encontra-se amplamente disseminado no rebanho caprino dessa região. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, pesquisar a presença de imunoglobulinas da classe IgG contra T. gondii em leite e realizar inquérito soroepidemiológico da infecção em cabras lactantes de criações de subsistência do município de Jaboatão dos Guararapes - PE - Brasil. Foram coletadas, por amostragem de conveniência, 68 amostras de sangue e leite de cabras de idade e raças variadas, em cinco propriedades rurais do referido município. Um questionário investigativo foi aplicado em cada propriedade. As amostras foram processadas e submetidas ao teste de imunofluorescência indireta para pesquisa de IgG, adotando-se o ponto de corte de 1:16 para ambas, seguindo-se com diluições em fator 2 até a diluição de 1:516 para o soro e 1:64 para o leite, nas amostras sororreagentes na diluição anterior. Obteve-se soropositividade de 88,2%, no título de 1:16. A positividade nas amostras de leite foi de 39,7%, para o ponto de corte de 1:16. Conclui-se que existe a presença de anticorpos da classe IgG no leite associada a presença de anticorpos no soro e que cabras em diferentes tempos de lactação são capazes de eliminar esses anticorpos da classe IgG pelo leite, sendo ainda a soropositividade dos animais associado a relato de aborto e filho nascido com deficiência visual.
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Air, Tracy. "The nature and effect of interaction with humans upon ungulates (Antilope cervicapra and Capra hiricus) in a zoo environment /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsa298.pdf.
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Mainland, Ingrid L. "An evaluation of the potential of dental microwear analysis for reconstructing the diet of domesticated sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capre hircus) within an archaeological context." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582143.
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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes April 4, 2016." University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607797.
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