Relevant bibliographies by topics / Capping Layer

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Capping Layer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Capping Layer"

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You, Jung-Joo, and Kyoo-Sik Bae. "Interdiffusion in Cu/Capping Layer/NiSi Contacts." Korean Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 9 (September 27, 2007): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3740/mrsk.2007.17.9.463.

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Zhai, Minglong, Xueyuan Liu, Hudong Chang, Honggang Liu, and Bing Sun. "Comparative Study of the New Type Capping Layer for Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Ferroelectric Film." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2160, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2160/1/012018.

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Abstract The capping layers have great influences on the ferroelectricity of the Hf0.5Zr05O2 (HZO) film during annealing process. In this paper we compared the properties of the HZO film with two inorganic nonmetallic capping layers and no capping layer. The remnant (2Pr) of HZO films are 23.5 uC/cm2, 27.3 uC/cm2 and 20.3 uC/cm2 for no capping layer, Si3N4 capping layer and SiO2 capping layer, respectively. The capping layer can change the direction of the coercive filed shift even though the capacitors have the same metal electrodes.
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Shin, Min-Gyu, Kang-Hwan Bae, Hyun-Seok Cha, Hwan-Seok Jeong, Dae-Hwan Kim, and Hyuck-In Kwon. "Floating Ni Capping for High-Mobility p-Channel SnO Thin-Film Transistors." Materials 13, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 3055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143055.

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We utilized Ni as a floating capping layer in p-channel SnO thin-film transistors (TFTs) to improve their electrical performances. By utilizing the Ni as a floating capping layer, the p-channel SnO TFT showed enhanced mobility as high as 10.5 cm2·V−1·s−1. The increase in mobility was more significant as the length of Ni capping layer increased and the thickness of SnO active layer decreased. The observed phenomenon was possibly attributed to the changed vertical electric field distribution and increased hole concentration in the SnO channel by the floating Ni capping layer. Our experimental results demonstrate that incorporating the floating Ni capping layer on the channel layer is an effective method for increasing the field-effect mobility in p-channel SnO TFTs.
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Kim, Yong Jin, Chel Jong Choi, Soon Young Oh, Jang Gn Yun, Won Jae Lee, Hee Hwan Ji, Jin Suk Wang, and Hi Deok Lee. "Improvement of Thermal Stability of Nickel Silicide Using Multi-Capping Structure." Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (March 2007): 1261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.1261.

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In this paper, the electrical properties of NiSi have been characterized using multi capping layer structure for nano CMOS application. We have investigated the formation and thermal stability of Ni silicide using Ni, Ti and TiN capping layers (Ti/Ni/TiN) as a function of Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) temperature. It was shown that the NiSi with multi capping layer has lower sheet resistances than that with single capping (TiN) layer. NiSi with multi capping layer also showed much better thermal stability. It was verified that the formation Ni-Ti-Si ternary like layer at the top region of thhe NiSi results in improvement of thermal stability.
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Kim, Yongchan, Sanghyun Woo, Hyungchul Kim, Jaesang Lee, Honggyu Kim, Hyerin Lee, and Hyeongtag Jeon. "Effects of an Al2O3 capping layer on La2O3 deposited by remote plasma atomic layer deposition." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 10 (October 2010): 1898–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0245.

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The physical and electrical properties of La2O3 with and without an Al2O3 capping layer deposited by remote plasma atomic layer deposition were investigated. The electrical properties of the La2O3 films degraded due to the formation of lanthanum hydroxide after being exposed to air. The results of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy showed that the quantity of OH groups absorbed increased after exposure to air. For La2O3 with an Al2O3 capping layer, however, the electrical properties of the film did not change substantially because the capping layer effectively suppressed the formation of lanthanum hydroxide. The capacitance of the La2O3 decreased more than 30% after exposure to air, while La2O3 with an Al2O3 capping layer decreased by only about 4%. The VFB value of the La2O3 with an Al2O3 capping layer was near zero, and the hysteresis was about 120 mV. The leakage current densities of the film were maintained below 5 × 10−7 A/cm2 up to −15 MV/cm and the effective breakdown field was about −23.5 MV/cm.
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Cheng, Yi-Lung, and Ying-Lang Wang. "Effect of Interfacial Condition on Electromigration for Narrow and Wide Copper Interconnects." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 2494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.573.

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The sub-micron damascene interconnects, electromigration is mainly due to the diffusion at the interfaces of Cu with liner or dielectric capping layer. Many reports have shown that Cu/capping dielectric is the dominant interface. Experiments were performed to study the effect of the interfacial conditions of Cu/capping dielectric material on electromigration for narrow and wide Cu lines. The results revealed significant differences in electromigration behavior of via-fed upper and lower layer damascene test structures. For upper layer test structure, the capping layer and plasma surface treatment significantly dominated EM performance for different line width structures. In the case of lower layer test structure, the electromigration time to failure was found to be influenced by the capping layer and via process, and it remained unaffected by the plasma surface treatment for the narrow Cu line. For the wide line width (3X), electromigration performance was influenced by the current crowding on via-bottom.
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Jeong, Kwang Seok, Yu Mi Kim, Ho Jin Yun, Seung Dong Yang, Sang Youl Lee, Hi Deok Lee, and Ga Won Lee. "Effect of Al2O3 Capping Layer in ZnO TFT Fabricated by Atomic Layer Deposition." Advanced Materials Research 658 (January 2013): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.658.108.

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In this paper, the electrical and physical analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of Al2O3 capping layer on ZnO film using atomic layer deposition. ZnO TFTs shows the metallic conduction behavior as Al2O3 capping layer thickness increases. From SIMS analysis, it is found out that the diffusion of Al into ZnO film is enhanced according to Al2O3 capping layer thickness. Moreover, the defects related to oxygen such as oxygen vacancy increase from XPS analysis and ZnO films reveal less compressive stress by substitution of Zn with Al form XRD analysis. That is, the metallic conduction behavior of ZnO TFTs with Al2O3 capping layer can be explained due to increase in the carrier concentration in ZnO channel layer from oxygen vacancy and substitution of Zn with Al.
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Cha, Hyun-Seok, Hwan-Seok Jeong, Seong-Hyun Hwang, Dong-Ho Lee, and Hyuck-In Kwon. "Electrical Performance and Stability Improvements of High-Mobility Indium–Gallium–Tin Oxide Thin-Film Transistors Using an Oxidized Aluminum Capping Layer of Optimal Thickness." Electronics 9, no. 12 (December 20, 2020): 2196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122196.

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We examined the effects of aluminum (Al) capping layer thickness on the electrical performance and stability of high-mobility indium–gallium–tin oxide (IGTO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The Al capping layers with thicknesses (tAls) of 3, 5, and 8 nm were deposited, respectively, on top of the IGTO thin film by electron beam evaporation, and the IGTO TFTs without and with Al capping layers were subjected to thermal annealing at 200 °C for 1 h in ambient air. Among the IGTO TFTs without and with Al capping layers, the TFT with a 3 nm thick Al capping layer exhibited excellent electrical performance (field-effect mobility: 26.4 cm2/V s, subthreshold swing: 0.20 V/dec, and threshold voltage: −1.7 V) and higher electrical stability under positive and negative bias illumination stresses than other TFTs. To elucidate the physical mechanism responsible for the observed phenomenon, we compared the O1s spectra of the IGTO thin films without and with Al capping layers using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. From the characterization results, it was observed that the weakly bonded oxygen-related components decreased from 25.0 to 10.0%, whereas the oxygen-deficient portion was maintained at 24.4% after the formation of the 3 nm thick Al capping layer. In contrast, a significant increase in the oxygen-deficient portion was observed after the formation of the Al capping layers having tAl values greater than 3 nm. These results imply that the thicker Al capping layer has a stronger gathering power for the oxygen species, and that 3 nm is the optimum thickness of the Al capping layer, which can selectively remove the weakly bonded oxygen species acting as subgap tail states within the IGTO. The results of this study thus demonstrate that the formation of an Al capping layer with the optimal thickness is a practical and useful method to enhance the electrical performance and stability of high-mobility IGTO TFTs.
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Liu, Z. Q., and J. Y. Feng. "CoSi2 formation using Ti-capping layer." Journal of Crystal Growth 235, no. 1-4 (February 2002): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(01)01761-4.

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Schmitt, H., Volker Haeublein, Anton J. Bauer, and Lothar Frey. "Influence of Annealing Parameters on Surface Roughness, Mobility and Contact Resistance of Aluminium Implanted 4H SiC." Materials Science Forum 679-680 (March 2011): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.679-680.417.

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The impact of implantation temperature and dose as well as the annealing process with and without a graphite capping layer on surface roughness, carrier mobility and specific contact resistance are investigated and compared. The use of the capping layer is proven to be particularly advantageous: (1) a deterioration of surface roughness can be avoided even for high dose implantations and (2) the specific contact resistance is reduced. Furthermore, it is shown that a capping layer prevents surface contamination during annealing.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Capping Layer"

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RADAMPOLA, Senanie Sujeewa, and senanie s. radampola@mainroads qld gov au. "EVALUATION AND MODELLING PERFORMANCE OF CAPPING LAYER IN RAIL TRACK SUBSTRUCTURE." Central Queensland University. Centre for Railway Engineering, 2006. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20060817.115415.

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In the design of rail track structures where the subgrade cannot achieve the desired capacity, enabling the required standard of track geometry to be maintained for the speed, axle load and tonnage to be hauled, a capping layer of granular material is placed between the natural ground or the embankment fill material and the ballast to protect the underlying weaker layers. In spite of the important role played by the capping layer, very little research has been carried out on its performance. The current practice of design of the capping layer, therefore, is based on working stress philosophy where reduced levels of stresses are assumed not to degrade the subgrade. Even on tracks containing a thick ballast layer that ensures allowable levels of working stress the subgrade has been found to have permanently deformed. Design of capping layers based on plastic deformation, therefore, appears appropriate. This thesis aims at determining the load levels that cause detrimental plastic deformation in the capping layer. The suite of material properties that characterise plastic deformations of capping layer is neither readily available nor easily determined. This thesis proposes a cheaper method of evaluating a range of capping layer material properties using penetration tests on specimens contained in California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test moulds coupled with a finite element modelling based back calculation technique. The suite of material properties thus determined are used for the simulation of the behaviour of capping layers under the boundary and loading conditions similar to those in practice. The predicted results are validated using laboratory experiments on large size capping layer specimens.
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Pilli, Aparna. "Atomic Layer Deposition of Boron Oxide and Boron Nitride for Ultrashallow Doping and Capping Applications." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1752373/.

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The deposition of boron oxide (B₂O₃) films on silicon substrates is of significant interest in microelectronics for ultrashallow doping applications. However, thickness control and conformality of such films has been an issue in high aspect ratio 3D structures which have long replaced traditional planar transistor architectures. B₂O₃ films are also unstable in atmosphere, requiring a suitable capping barrier for passivation. The growth of continuous, stoichiometric B₂O₃ and boron nitride (BN) films has been demonstrated in this dissertation using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) and enhanced ALD methods for doping and capping applications. Low temperature ALD of B₂O₃ was achieved using BCl₃/H₂O precursors at 300 K. In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to assess the purity and stoichiometry of deposited films with a high reported growth rate of ~2.5 Å/cycle. Free-radical assisted ALD of B₂O₃ was also demonstrated using non-corrosive trimethyl borate (TMB) precursor, in conjunction with mixed O₂/O-radical effluent, at 300 K. The influence of O₂/O flux on TMB-saturated Si surface was investigated using in situ XPS, residual gas analysis mass spectrometer (RGA-MS) and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations (AIMD). Both low and high flux regimes were studied in order to understand the trade-off between ligand removal and B₂O₃ growth rate. Optimization of precursor flux was discovered to be imperative in plasma and radical-assisted ALD processes. BN was investigated as a novel capping barrier for B₂O₃ and B-Si-oxide films. A BN capping layer, deposited using BCl₃/NH₃ ALD at 600 K, demonstrated excellent stoichiometry and consistent growth rate (1.4 Å/cycle) on both films. Approximately 13 Å of BN was sufficient to protect ~13 Å of B₂O₃ and ~5 Å of B-Si-oxide from atmospheric moisture and prevent volatile boric acid formation. BN/B₂O₃/Si heterostructures are also stable at high temperatures (>1000 K) commonly used for dopant drive-in and activation. BN shows great promise in preventing upward boron diffusion which causes a loss in the dopant dose concentration in Si. The capping effects of BN were extended to electrochemical battery applications. ALD of BN was achieved on solid Li-garnet electrolytes using halide-free tris(dimethylamino)borane precursor, in conjunction with NH₃ at 723 K. Approximately 3 nm of BN cap successfully inhibited Li₂CO₃ formation, which is detrimental to Li-based electrolytes. BN capped Li-garnets demonstrated ambient stability for at least 2 months of storage in air as determined by XPS. BN also played a crucial role in stabilizing Li anode/electrolyte interface, which drastically reduced interfacial resistance to 18 Ω.cm², improved critical current density and demonstrated excellent capacitance retention of 98% over 100 cycles. This work established that ALD is key to achieving conformal growth of BN as a requirement for Li dendrite suppression, which in turn influences battery life and performance.
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Samuelsson, Göran S. "In situ remediation of contaminated sediments using thin-layer capping : efficiency in contaminant retention and ecological implications." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och botanik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-94845.

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Hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) often reside in sediments sorbed to particles, most tightly to particles with high content of organic carbon. If persistent, such pollutants can accumulate in the sediment for many years and constitute a contamination risk for sediment-living organisms and organisms at higher trophic levels, including humans. Since traditional remediation techniques are associated with complications (e.g. release of contaminants during dredging operations, disturbance of benthic faunal communities), or constraints (handling of large amounts of contaminated sediment and water, limitations due to depth and size of the area, high costs), there is a need for new alternative methods. In situ remediation through thin-layer capping (a few centimeter cover) with a sorbing material such as activated carbon (AC) has been proposed as an alternative remediation method. Compared to traditional remediation techniques, AC amendment in a thin layer means less material handling and lower costs and is assumed to be less disruptive to benthic communities. The objectives of this thesis were to investigate the ecological effects from thin layer capping as well as the efficiency in contaminant retention. Thin layer capping amended with AC proved to reduce availability of HOCs to the tested organisms, the gastropod Nassarius nitidus (Paper II), the clam Abra nitida (Paper III) and to polychaete worms  (Paper II and III). The remediation technique also decreased the sediment-to-water fluxes of the contaminants (Paper II and III). However, AC amended thin-layer capping was also found to cause negative biological effects. In laboratory studies with only a few species the negative effects were minor, or difficult to discern with the endpoints used (Paper II and III). In a larger multi-species mesocosm (boxcore) study, on the other hand, the negative effects were more prominent (Paper I) and in a large scale field study the benthic community was found to be profoundly disturbed by the AC amendment, with the effects persisting or even worsening ca one year (14 months) post amendment (Paper IV).

At the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript; Paper 4: Manuscript.


Carbocap
Opticap
Thinc
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Pantzare, Nathalie. "Biochar-based thin-layer capping of contaminated sediment in Burefjärden, northern Sweden : Assessment of biochar mixed into four structural materials for preventing release of trace elements from sediment to water." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-87235.

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Coastal areas around the world have been recognized as largely impacted by anthropogenic activities resulting in pollution of marine sediments. In Sweden, surveys conducted along the coastline of the Bothnian Bay have identified a total area of about 29 km2 as fiber rich sediments. In the Bureå sea area near Skellefteå vicinity, Västerbotten county, elevated levels of mercury (Hg), methyl-Hg, arsenic (As), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been classified and believed to be mainly affected by emissions from a pulp and paper industry formerly active on a nearby headland.  Contaminants in sediments are of concern as continuous dispersion can adversely affect the benthic community. To isolate contaminants and reduce their bioavailability, in-situ thin-layer capping using an active material is one suitable approach. This type of remediation method, using biochar mixed with bentonite clay will be implemented on a pilot scale in the sea area outside of Bureå in the spring of 2021. However, bentonite is a relatively expensive material yielding a need to further develop the selection of capping materials suitable to aid in the deposition of biochar in an active thin-layer cap. In this thesis, biochar-based thin layer caps mixed with bentonite clay, rock dust of two grain sizes and a concrete-based slurry was evaluated on their physicochemical properties and efficiency for preventing release of trace elements from sediment to the overlying water. This was conducted by a laboratory column experiment where four set ups were performed: (1) no capping for sediment control, (2) only capping material for material control, (3) sediment mixed with biochar and (4) sediment capped with each material mixed with biochar. Three times during an 8-week test period, 60 mL of the overlying water in the columns was extracted and sent for trace element analysis.  The experimental set up revealed that the capping layers effectively prevent release of trace elements trough the sediment to the overlying water. The concrete slurry showed suitable settling properties and negligible loss of biochar in the set-up of the columns. Also, the biochar+concrete slurry thin-layer cap displayed the highest efficiency for preventing and/or delaying release of As, P, Cu, Fe, Mn and SO4.
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Almasi, H., C. L. Sun, X. Li, T. Newhouse-Illige, C. Bi, K. C. Price, S. Nahar, et al. "Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction with W seed and capping layers." AMER INST PHYSICS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624048.

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We present a study on perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions with W as buffer and capping layers. A tunneling magnetoresistance of 138% and an interfacial magnetic anisotropy of 1.67 erg/cm(2) were obtained in optimally annealed samples. However, after extended annealing at 420 degrees C, junctions with W layers showed extremely small resistance due to interdiffusion of W into the MgO barrier. In contrast, in Ta-based junctions, the MgO barrier remained structurally stable despite disappearance of magnetoresistance after extended annealing due to loss of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Compared with conventional tunnel junctions with in-plane magnetic anisotropy, the evolution of tunneling conductance suggests that the relatively low magnetoresistance in perpendicular tunnel junctions is related to the lack of highly polarized Delta(1) conducting channel developed in the initial stage of annealing. Published by AIP Publishing.
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Josefsson, Sarah. "Fate and transport of POPs in the aquatic environment : with focus on contaminated sediments." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-42107.

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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are hydrophobic substances that readily sorb to organic matter in particles and colloids instead of being freely dissolved in the water phase. This sorption affects the bio­availability and environmental transport of the POPs. The major part of this thesis concerns the role of sediments as secondary sources of POPs. As the primary emissions decrease, contaminated sediments where POPs have accumulated can become the main source of contamination. If the contaminated sediment by time becomes covered with cleaner layers, the POPs are buried and no longer in contact with the aquatic environment. Experiments in this thesis showed, however, that new invading species can alter the sediment-water dynamics as a result of their bioturbation, i.e. mixing of sediment particles and pore-water. Marenzelleria spp., invading species in the Baltic Sea that burrow deeper than native species, were found to increase the remobilization of buried contaminants. The sediment-to-water flux was inversely related to the burial depth (2-10 cm) of the POP congeners (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers) and also inversely related to the hydrophobicity of the congener. The flux was therefore most pronounced for less hydrophobic contaminants, which was linked to the bioirrigating behaviour of these species. Marenzelleria spp. also accumulated the buried POPs and increased concentrations in surface sedi­ment. Contaminants previously considered buried at a ’safe’ depth can thus be remobilized as a result of the invasion of Marenzelleria spp. in the Baltic Sea. One method to decrease the remobilization of contaminants from sediments is ’capping’, i.e. a layer of clean material is placed as a cap on the sediment. By amending the cap with active materials, which sequester the POPs and decrease their availability, thinner layers can be used (’active capping’ or ’thin-layer capping’). Results from an experiment with thin-layer capping using different active materials (activated carbon (AC) and kraft lignin) showed that both the sediment-to-water flux and the bioaccumulation by benthic species of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and octachlorostyrene (OCS) decreased with increased thick­ness of the cap layer (0.5-5 cm). Amendments with active materials further increased the cap efficiency. AC was more efficient than kraft lignin, and a 3 cm cap with 3.3% AC reduced the flux and bioaccumulation with ~90%. The reduction of the sediment-to-water flux was inversely related to the hydrophobicity of the POP, and reductions in the flux had similar magnitudes as reductions in the concentration in deep-burrowing polychaetes, demonstrating the importance of bioturbation for sediment-to-water transport. In a one-year study on the levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and HCB in a coastal area of the Baltic Sea, the correlations between the POP levels and the levels of particles and organic carbon in the water were found to differ for POPs of different structure and hydrophobicity. The levels of PCDD/Fs decreased to one third in May, which could be related to the increased sedimentation, i.e. water-to-sediment transport, during spring bloom.
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Pretel, Hermes. "Reparação tecidual pulpar sob ação bioestimuladora do laser de baixa intensidade (LILT), e do diodo emissor de luz (LED): estudo em macacos prego /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104266.

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Orientador: Lizeti Toledo de Oliveira Ramalho
Banca: Lourdes Aparecida Martins dos Santos Pinto
Banca: Ana Maria Minarelli Gaspar
Banca: Maria Cristina Borsatto
Banca: Nivaldo Parizotto
Resumo: O estudo investigou os efeitos da radiação eletromagnética não ionizante emitidos pelos diodos LASER com comprimento de onda no espectro 688 ηm e 785 ηm, e diodo LED 635 ± 10 ηm, associados ao capeamento direto com hidróxido de cálcio em exposições pulpares mecânicas. Avaliou-se assim em dentes de macacos-prego a resposta pulpar baseado na morfologia das células pulpares, no processo inflamatório local, na formação da barreira mineralizada, e na organização do tecido pulpar nos diferentes grupos estudados. Discutiu-se também as diferentes fontes de emissão de radiação eletromagnética comparando os resultados obtidos de estimulação pulpar com os diodos LASER e LED, os quais apresentam energia coerente e não-coerente, respectivamente. Os resultado mostraram uma estimulação em todos os grupos irradiados com melhores resultados para o estímulo com LASER, quando comparado ao grupo tratado isoladamente com hidróxido de cálcio. Concluímos assim que a estimulação de energia eletromagnética LASER e LED associado ao capeamento pulpar direto com hidróxido de cálcio apresentou aceleração no processo de reparação tecidual. Porém, há necessidade de novos estudos com diferentes parâmetros de irradiação a fim de se obter protocolos cada vez mais eficientes para o estudo dos efeitos da luz sobre o processo de reparação pulpar.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation emitted by LASER diodes 688 ηm and 785 ηm, and LED diode 635 ± 10 ηm associated to direct pulp capping with calcium hydroxide in traumatic pulp exposures were investigated. Based on pulp cells morphology, on the local inflammatory process, on mineralized barrier formation and on pulp tissue organization, the pulp response in capuchin monkey teeth was evaluated in different groups. It was also discussed the different electromagnetic radiation emission sources effects comparing the obtained results of pulp stimulation with diodes LASER and LED, which present coherent and non-coherent energy respectively. Stimulation was observed in all irradiated groups, being the best results achieved with LASER stimulation, when compared to the group treated only with calcium hydroxide. Thus, it is concluded that the electromagnetic LASER and LED energy stimulation associated with calcium hydroxide direct pulp capping accelerated the tissue repair process. However, further studies with different stimulation parameters in order to obtain increasingly efficient protocols to study light effects on pulp repair are necessary.
Doutor
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White, Benjamin C. "Investigating the effect of capping layers on final thin film morphology after a dewetting process." Thesis, Utah State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10137688.

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Nanoparticles on a substrate have numerous applications in nanotechnology, from enhancements to solar cell efficiency to improvements in carbon nanotube growth. Producing nanoparticles in a cheap fashion with some control over size and spacing is difficult to do, but desired. This work presents a novel method for altering the radius and pitch distributions of nickel and gold nanoparticles in a scalable fashion. The introduction of alumina capping layers to thin nickel films during a pulsed laser-induced dewetting process has yielded reductions in the mean and standard deviation of radii and pitch for dewet nanoparticles. Carbon nanotube mats grown on these samples show a much thicker mat for the capped case. The same capping layers have produced an opposite effect of increased nanoparticle size and spacing during a solid state dewetting process of a gold film. These results also show a decrease in the magnitude of the effect as the capping layer thickness increases. Since the subject of research interest for using these nanoparticles has shifted towards producing ordered arrays with size and spacing control, the uncertainty in the values of these distributions needs to be quantified for any form of meaningful comparison to be made between fabrication methods. Presented here is a first step in the uncertainty analysis of such samples via synthetic images producing error distributions.

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Holt, Christopher Charles. "The effect of mellowing periods on lime treated British clays used in highway pavement capping layers." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422398.

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Crisci, Fernando Simões. "Efeito do laser de baixa intensidade na polpa e nos tecidos apicais e periapicais em dentes de macaco /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101654.

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Orientador: Lizeti Toledo de Oliveira Ramalho
Banca: Fábio Luiz Camargo Villela Berbert
Banca: Welingtom Dinelli
Banca: Manoel Damião de Souza Neto
Banca: Antônio Miranda da Cruz Filho
Resumo: O presente estudo avaliou o efeito do laser de baixa intensidade diodo semicondutor de arseneto de gálio e alumínio em exposições pulpares induzidas e nos tecidos apicais e periapicais após tratamento endodôntico em dentes de macacos. Nas exposições pulpares, foi avaliado efeito do laser infra-vermelho associado ao hidróxido de cálcio, variando o tempo de aplicação, onde utilizou-se quatro macacos, totalizando 24 dentes, distribuídos em quatro grupos experimentais: Grupo I: Laser 2,5 segundos (dentes incisivos), Grupo II: Laser 40 segundos (dentes incisivos), Grupo III: Laser 40 segundos (dentes prémolares) e Grupo IV: Controle sem Laser (dentes pré-molares), por um período de 55 dias. Quanto ao efeito do laser sobre a agressividade tecidual do cimento endodôntico óxido de zinco e eugenol (OZE), após tratamento endodôntico nos tecidos apicais e periapicais, foi comparando o laser vermelho com o infravermelho, utilizando quatro macacos, totalizando 24 dentes, distribuídos em três grupos experimentais: Grupo I (Laser Vermelho), Grupo II (laser Infra-Vermelho) e Grupo III (Controle: Sem Laser), por um período de 22 dias. Decorrido os períodos experimentais de cada estudo, os animais foram mortos, os dentes ou peças removidas e preparadas para análise histológica. De acordo com a proposta e as condições específicas deste trabalho, os resultados nos permitem concluir que nas exposições pulpares, a irradiação com laser infra-vermelho (40 segundos) diminuiu a reação inflamatória e induziu a organização tecidual, bem como na formação da barreira mineralizada, apresentando diferenças estatísticas significantes entre os grupos (p<0,05), tendo como melhor resultado a irradiação com laser infra-vermelho (40 segundos), já nos tecidos apicais e periapicais a irradiação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The present study evaluated the effect of the laser of low intensity diode semiconductor of gallium aluminum arsenide in exposed pulp induced in apical and periapical tissues after endodontic treatment in teeth of monkeys. In the exposed pulp, the effect of the laser infra-red associated to the hydroxide of calcium was evaluated varying the time of application, being used 04 monkeys, totaling 24 teeth, distributed in four experimental groups: Group I: Laser 2,5 seconds (incisive teeth), Group II: Laser 40 seconds (incisive teeth), Group III: Laser 40 seconds (premolar teeth) and Group IV: Control without Laser (premolar teeth), for a period of 55 days. As for the effect of the laser on the tissue aggressiveness of the endodontic zinco oxide and eugenol (OZE) sealer, after endodontic treatment o in the apical and Periapical tissues, the red laser was compared with the laser infra-red, using 04 monkeys, totaling 24 teeth, distributed in 03 experimental groups: Group I (Red Laser), Group II (Infra-red laser) and Group III (it Controls: Without Laser), for a period of 22 days. After the experimental periods of each study, the animals were killed, the teeth or pieces were removed and prepared for histological analysis. In agreement with the proposal and the specific conditions of this study work, the results allow to conclude us that in exposed pulp infra-red laser irradiation (40 seconds.) reduced the inflammatory reaction and induced the tissue organization, as well as the mineralized barrier formation and in apical and periapical tissues infra-red laser irradiation stimulated the cells of the periodontal tissue inducing periapical repair.
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Books on the topic "Capping Layer"

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Sherwood, P. T. The use of waste materials in fill and capping layers. Crowthorne, Berks: Bridges and Ground Engineering Resource Centre, Transport Research Laboratory, 1994.

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Holt, Christopher Charles. The effect of mellowing periods on lime treated British clays used in highway pavement capping layers. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Capping Layer"

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Batchvarova, Ekaterina, and Sven-Erik Gryning. "Applied Model of the Height of the Daytime Mixed Layer Including the Capping Entrainment Zone." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application X, 253–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1817-4_28.

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Wijers, C. M. J., and O. Voskoboynikov. "Optical Reflection from a Monolayer of Embedded Nano-Objects Covered by a Thick Capping Layer." In Semiconductor Photonics: Nano-Structured Materials and Devices, 52–55. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-471-5.52.

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Mukunoki, T., Y. Karasaki, and N. Taniguchi. "Characterization of Soil Erosion due to Infiltration into Capping Layers in Landfill." In Advances in Computed Tomography for Geomaterials, 312–19. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557723.ch37.

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Rohit, Divyesh, Siavash Manafi Khajeh Pasha, Hemanta Hazarika, Takaji Kokusho, and Sukiman Nurdin. "Influence of Low Permeability Capping Layers on Liquefaction Induced Failure in Stratified Ground." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 343–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6564-3_30.

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"layer [n], capping." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 528. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_7218.

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"capping layer [n]." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 112. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_1608.

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Abdul Aziz, A., C. O. Lim, Z. Hassan, and Z. Jamal. "CoSi2 formation with a thin Ti interlayer-Ti capping layer and Ti capping layer." In Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Applied Physics, 337–41. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044648-6.50054-9.

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ABDULAZIZ, A., C. LIM, Z. HASSAN, and Z. JAMAL. "CoSi2 formation with a thin Ti interiayer-Ti capping layer and Ti capping layer." In Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Applied Physics, 337–41. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044648-6/50054-9.

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Radampola, S., T. McSweeney, M. Dhanasekar, and N. Gurung. "A new method for evaluating the characteristics of railway capping layer." In Cyclic Behaviour of Soils and Liquefaction Phenomena, 641–47. Taylor & Francis, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833452.ch75.

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Matsui, Hiroaki. "Biological Sensing Using Infrared SPR Devices Based on ZnO." In Biomedical Engineering. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104562.

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Biological detection based on surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) on metallic Ga-doped zinc oxide (ZnO: Ga) film surfaces is introduced as one of the interesting functionalities of ZnO. SPRs on ZnO: Ga films (ZnO-SPRs) have attracted much attention as alternative plasmonic materials in the infrared (IR) range. This chapter focuses on the structure and optical properties of ZnO-SPR with different layer structure from experimental and theoretical approaches. First, the plasmonic properties of single ZnO: Ga films excited by Kretschmann-type SPRs were investigated. Second, an insulator–metal–insulator structure with a ZnO: Ga film applied as a metal layer is introduced. Finally, hybrid layer structures with the capping of thin dielectric layers to ZnO-SPR (dielectric-assisted ZnO-SPR) were fabricated to enhance SPR properties in the IR range. The biological sensing on ZnO-SPR is experimentally demonstrated by measuring biological interactions. This work provides new insights for fabricating biological sensing platforms on ZnO materials.
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Conference papers on the topic "Capping Layer"

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Nesládek, Pavel, Jonas Schmidt, and Thorsten Krome. "EUV capping layer integrity." In Photomask Japan 2018, edited by Kiwamu Takehisa. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2324670.

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Schade, Marco, Paul M. Donaldson, Alessandro Moretto, Claudio Toniolo, and Peter Hamm. "A Peptide Capping Layer over Gold Nanoparticle." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.2010.tue9.

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Kim, Byoung-Joon, Hae-A.-Seul Shin, In-Suk Choi, and Young-Chang Joo. "Electrical Failure and Damage Analysis of Multi-Layer Metal Films on Flexible Substrate during Cyclic Bending Deformation." In ISTFA 2011. ASM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2011p0001.

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Abstract The electrical resistance Cu film on flexible substrate was investigated in cyclic bending deformation. The electrical resistance of 1 µm thick Cu film on flexible substrate increased up to 120 % after 500,000 cycles in 1.1 % tensile bending strain. Crack and extrusion were observed due to the fatigue damage of metal film. Low bending strain did not cause any damage on metal film but higher bending strain resulted in severe electrical and mechanical damage. Thinner film showed higher fatigue resistance because of the better mechanical property of thin film. Cu film with NiCr under-layer showed poorer fatigue resistance in tensile bending mode. Ni capping layer did not improve the fatigue resistance of Cu film, but Al capping layer suppressed crack formation and lowered electrical resistance change. The NiCr under layer, Ni capping layer, and Al capping layer effect on electrical resistance change of Cu film was compared with Cu only sample.
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Oh, S. C., J. E. Lee, H. J. Kim, Y. K. Ha, J. S. Bae, K. T. Nam, S. O. Park, H. S. Kim, U. Chung, and J. T. Moon. "Thermal stability of MTJ using Zr capping layer." In INTERMAG Asia 2005: Digest of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2005.1463670.

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Nistor, Ioan, Marie-Claude Wilson, Romeo Ciubotariu, and Manuel Vazquez. "MULTI-LAYER SEDIMENT CAPPING STRUCTURE – A CANADIAN EXPERIENCE." In Proceedings of the 5th Coastal Structures International Conference, CSt07. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814282024_0178.

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Hu, C. K. "Capping Layer Effects on Electromigration in Narrow Cu Lines." In STRESS-INDUCED PHENOMENA IN METALLIZATION: Seventh International Workshop on Stress-Induced Phenomena in Metallization. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1845840.

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Singh, SherJang, Uwe Dietze, and Peter Dress. "Extending Ru capping layer durability under physical force cleaning." In SPIE Advanced Lithography, edited by Patrick P. Naulleau. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2012265.

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Khoshnevisan, Sara, Lei Wang, Wei Wang, and Hsein Juang. "Influence of Gaps in Capping Clay Layer on Liquefaction." In Eighth International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482100.047.

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Sang-Ho Lee, Young-Jae Kang, Jin-Goo Park, A. A. Busnaina, Jong-Myung Lee, and Tae-Hoon Kim. "Laser shock removal of nanoparticles from Si capping layer of EUV mask." In Digest of Papers. 2004 International Microprocesses and Nanotechnology Conference, 2004. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imnc.2004.245656.

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Burr, T. A., and K. D. Kolenbrander. "A Silicon Solid-State LED: Long-Lived Visible Electroluminescence from Silicon Nanocrystallites." In Microphysics of Surfaces: Nanoscale Processing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/msnp.1995.msaa2.

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We have constructed and characterized visible electroluminescent devices based on Si nanocrystallite thin films. The key to stable electroluminescent emission is the nature of the Si surface capping layer, which determines the efficiency and stability of the devices. The layers must be transparent to the emitted light, provide sufficient electrical contact to insure carrier transport to the active layer, stabilize the Si surfaces to prevent chemical and electrical degradation, and passivate the dangling surface bonds which would act as non-radiative recombination centers and quench emission. Our devices use Al and ITO (indium tin oxide) electrodes, as well as transparent polymer capping layers to provide the necessary carrier injection and chemical and electronic passivation for the silicon nanocrystallite active layer. Their electrical and optical behavior was evaluated in terms of the I-V characteristics, electroluminescence spectra, and photoluminescence spectra. These devices represent a first step towards developing efficient silicon based light-emitting technology.
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Reports on the topic "Capping Layer"

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Qamhia, Issam, Erol Tutumluer, and Han Wang. Aggregate Subgrade Improvements Using Quarry By-products: A Field Investigation. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-017.

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This report presents a case study for constructing aggregate subgrade improvement (ASI) layers using quarry by-product aggregates (QBA), a quarry mix of large primary crushed rocks (PCR) and sand-sized quarry fines. The construction took place at Larry Power Road in Bourbonnais Township in Kankakee County, Illinois, where the Illinois Department of Transportation placed two QBA mixes. The first mix (QBA_M1) consisted of 45% quarry by-products and 55% railroad ballast–sized 3×1 PCR. The second mix (QBA_M2) consisted of 31% and 69% quarry by-products and PCR, respectively. Two conventional ASI sections were also constructed conforming to Illinois Department of Transportation’s CS02 gradation. All sections consisted of a 9 in. (229 mm) QBA/PCR layer topped with a 3 in. (76 mm) dense-graded capping layer. Laboratory studies preceded the construction to recommend optimum quarry by-product content in the QBA materials and construction practice. The Illinois Center for Transportation research team monitored the quality and uniformity of the construction using nondestructive testing techniques such as dynamic cone penetrometer, lightweight deflectometer, and falling weight deflectometer. The segregation potential was monitored by visual inspection and imaging-based techniques. Short-term field evaluation of the constructed QBA layers, particularly QBA_M2 with a 31% quarry by-product content, showed no evidence of abnormal segregation and did not jeopardize the structural integrity of the QBA ASI layers, which had slightly lower but comparable strength and stiffness profiles to the conventional ASI sections. The use of QBA materials in ASI was field validated as a sustainable construction practice to provide stable pavement foundation layers.
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