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Journal articles on the topic 'Capnometry'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Davis, Janice L., and Jerry A. Dorsch. "Capnometry." AORN Journal 42, no. 6 (December 1985): 906–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)64427-5.

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2

Kasuya, Yusuke, Ozan Akça, Daniel I. Sessler, Makoto Ozaki, and Ryu Komatsu. "Accuracy of Postoperative End-tidal Pco2Measurements with Mainstream and Sidestream Capnography in Non-obese Patients and in Obese Patients with and without Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Anesthesiology 111, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181b060b6.

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Background Obtaining accurate end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure measurements via nasal cannula poses difficulties in postanesthesia patients who are mouth breathers, including those who are obese and those with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); a nasal cannula with an oral guide may improve measurement accuracy in these patients. The authors evaluated the accuracy of a mainstream capnometer with an oral guide nasal cannula and a sidestream capnometer with a nasal cannula that did or did not incorporate an oral guide in spontaneously breathing non-obese patients and obese patients with and without OSA during recovery from general anesthesia. Methods The study enrolled 20 non-obese patients (body mass index less than 30 kg/m) without OSA, 20 obese patients (body mass index greater than 35 kg/m) without OSA, and 20 obese patients with OSA. End-tidal carbon dioxide pressure was measured by using three capnometer/cannula combinations (oxygen at 4 l/min): (1) a mainstream capnometer with oral guide nasal cannula, (2) a sidestream capnometer with a nasal cannula that included an oral guide, and (3) a sidestream capnometer with a standard nasal cannula. Arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure was determined simultaneously. The major outcome was the arterial-to-end-tidal partial pressure difference with each combination. Results In non-obese patients, arterial-to-end-tidal pressure difference was 3.0 +/- 2.6 (mean +/- SD) mmHg with the mainstream capnometer, 4.9 +/- 2.3 mmHg with the sidestream capnometer and oral guide cannula, and 7.1 +/- 3.5 mmHg with the sidestream capnometer and a standard cannula (P < 0.05). In obese non-OSA patients, it was 3.9 +/- 2.6 mmHg, 6.4 +/- 3.1 mmHg, and 8.1 +/- 5.0 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.05). In obese OSA patients, it was 4.0 +/- 3.1 mmHg, 6.3 +/- 3.2 mmHg, and 8.3 +/- 4.6 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusions Mainstream capnometry performed best, and an oral guide improved the performance of sidestream capnometry. Accuracy in non-obese and obese patients, with and without OSA, was similar.
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3

Weil, Max Harry, Yoshihide Nakagawa, Wanchun Tang, Yoji Sato, Frank Ercoli, Robert Finegan, Glen Grayman, and Joe Bisera. "Sublingual capnometry." Critical Care Medicine 27, no. 7 (July 1999): 1225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199907000-00001.

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4

Weil, Max Harry, and Shijie Sun. "Tissue Capnometry." Critical Care Medicine 29, no. 2 (February 2001): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200102000-00056.

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5

Gomersall, Charles D., and Gavin M. Joynt. "Tissue Capnometry." Critical Care Medicine 29, no. 2 (February 2001): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200102000-00057.

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6

Boswell, Sharon A., and Thomas M. Scalea. "Sublingual Capnometry." AACN Clinical Issues: Advanced Practice in Acute and Critical Care 14, no. 2 (May 2003): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00044067-200305000-00008.

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7

Yee, Jerry, and Irawan Susanto. "Sublingual Capnometry." Chest 118, no. 4 (October 2000): 894–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.118.4.894.

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8

ENDLER, GERHARD C. "Capnography or Capnometry?" Anesthesiology 72, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199001000-00046.

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9

Bashein, G. "Oxygenator exhaust capnometry." Journal of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia 3, no. 3 (June 1989): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-6296(89)90146-4.

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10

Riley, Jeffrey B., and Robin G. Sutton. "Oxygenator exhaust capnometry." Journal of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia 4, no. 3 (June 1990): 417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-6296(90)90055-k.

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11

Bhavani-Shankar, K., H. Moseley, A. Y. Kumar, and Y. Delph. "Capnometry and anaesthesia." Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 39, no. 6 (July 1992): 617–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03008330.

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12

Patel, Meghna, Aliyah Ryan Snyder, Michael Baham, Christopher Andrew Sheridan, Anne Brown, Robert Asarnow, Talin Babikian, Meeryo Choe, and Christopher Giza. "Brief Autonomic Assessment in Concussion Clinic." Neurology 95, no. 20 Supplement 1 (November 16, 2020): S4.2—S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000719900.20302.3d.

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ObjectiveTo examine the feasibility and tolerability of administering a brief autonomic assessment via capnometry and pupillometry in an outpatient concussion clinic.BackgroundBoth acute and chronic phases of concussion have been associated with autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation. Few concussion clinics currently employ autonomic assessments, which could enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment recommendations. Although less-studied in outpatient concussion clinics, pupillometry and capnometry are two well-validated, peripheral autonomic assessment approaches that together provide information about both sympathetic and parasympathetic responses. In addition to being objective measures, they are fast and non-invasive. In order to investigate the potential utility of these measures as an addition to clinic procedures, the present study sought to examine their feasibility and tolerability as an adjunctive assessment in clinic.Design/MethodsThis project employed a prospective, observational research design. Eight patients (ages 20–65, 4 females) diagnosed with concussion (>1 month post injury) underwent a 2-minute baseline capnometry that measured end-tidal CO2, respiration rate, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation. Their pupillary response to light was captured using a pupillometer. Tolerability and feasibility were measured via the following metrics: patient tolerability and comfort Likert scales and administration details (e.g., total duration, logistical difficulties, clinic flow variables).ResultsAverage rating of comfort for the capnometer and pupillometer were between comfortable (4) to very comfortable (5) on a 5-point Likert scale. There were no difficulties due to participant discomfort or time limitations among all patients, and minimal issues with administration logistics were noted. Both measures were completed for all participants in <5 minutes.ConclusionsCapnometry and pupillometry were found to be both tolerable among patients and feasible to administer in a concussion clinic. Given the ease of administration, further studies should investigate the utility of these portable devices in concussion clinics to objectively identify those at risk for persistent post-concussion symptoms and for early treatment stratification.
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13

Thawley, Vincent, and Lori S. Waddell. "Pulse Oximetry and Capnometry." Topics in Companion Animal Medicine 28, no. 3 (August 2013): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2013.06.006.

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14

Creteur, Jacques. "Gastric and sublingual capnometry." Current Opinion in Critical Care 12, no. 3 (June 2006): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccx.0000224874.16700.b6.

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15

Sanders, Arthur B. "Capnometry in emergency medicine." Annals of Emergency Medicine 18, no. 12 (December 1989): 1287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(89)80260-4.

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16

Rozenberg, A., P. A. Carli, O. Lamour, M. Bousquet, and D. Janniere. "Prehospital capnometry during ACLS." Resuscitation 24, no. 2 (November 1992): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9572(92)90116-t.

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17

Elpern, Ellen H., Kathryn Killeen, Erlinda Talla, Gabriel Perez, and David Gurka. "Capnometry and Air Insufflation for Assessing Initial Placement of Gastric Tubes." American Journal of Critical Care 16, no. 6 (November 1, 2007): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2007.16.6.544.

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Background Nurses are often responsible for placement of large-bore gastric tubes. Tube misplacement into the lungs is a potential complication with serious sequelae. The reliability of common bedside methods for differentiating between pulmonary and gastric placement has not been acceptable. Objective To compare the accuracy of capnometry (colorimetric indicator of end-tidal carbon dioxide) and air insufflation/auscultation with the accuracy of radiography in detecting the location of gastric tubes. Methods A prospective convenience sample of insertions of Salem sump gastric tubes was studied. Tubes were inserted by nurses according to the unit’s standard procedure, and air insufflation/auscultation, capnometry, and radiography were used to detect the position of the tubes. Results obtained with each of the methods were compared. Results A total of 91 tube placements were studied in 69 patients. No radiographically documented instances of lung placement occurred. Capnometry incorrectly indicated 15 of 91 gastric placements (16%) as placements in the lung. Air insufflation/auscultation incorrectly indicated 5 of 91 gastric placements (5%) as placements in the lung. Conclusions Neither air insufflation nor capnometry is a fail-safe method for determining placement of gastric tubes. Radiography remains the preferred method.
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18

Palágyi, Péter, Sándor Barna, Péter Csábi, Péter Lorencz, Ildikó László, and Zsolt Molnár. "Recent Advances Of Mucosal Capnometry And The Perspectives Of Gastrointestinal Monitoring In The Critically Ill. A Pilot Study." Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jccm-2016-0002.

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AbstractMucosal capnometry involves the monitoring of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in mucous membranes. Different techniques have been developed and applied for this purpose, including sublingual or buccal sensors, or special gastrointestinal tonometric devices. The primary use of these procedures is to detect compensated shock in critically ill patients or patients undergoing major surgery. Compensatory mechanisms, in the early phases of shock, lead to the redistribution of blood flow towards the vital organs, within ostensibly typical macro-haemodynamic parameters. Unfortunately, this may result in microcirculatory disturbances, which can play a pivotal role in the development of organ failure. In such circumstances mucosal capnometry monitoring, at different gastrointestinal sites, can provide a sensitive method for the early diagnosis of shock. The special PCO2 monitoring methods assess the severity of ischaemia and help to define the necessary therapeutic interventions and testing of these monitors have justified their prognostic value. Gastrointestinal mucosal capnometry monitoring also helps in determining the severity of ischaemia and is a useful adjunctive in the diagnosis of occlusive splanchnic arterial diseases. The supplementary functional information increases the diagnostic accuracy of radiological techniques, assists in creating individualized treatment plans, and helps in follow-up the results of interventions. The results of a pilot study focusing on the interrelation of splanchnic perfusion and gastrointestinal function are given and discussed concerning recent advances in mucosal capnometry.
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19

Sivilotti, Marco L. A., David W. Messenger, Janet van Vlymen, Paul E. Dungey, and Heather E. Murray. "A comparative evaluation of capnometry versus pulse oximetry during procedural sedation and analgesia on room air." CJEM 12, no. 05 (September 2010): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500012549.

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ABSTRACTObjective:Important questions remain regarding how best to monitor patients during procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA). Capnometry can detect hypoventilation and apnea, yet it is rarely used in emergency patients. Even the routine practice of performing preoxygenation in low-risk patients is controversial, as supplementary oxygen can delay the detection of respiratory depression by pulse oximetry. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the capnometer or the pulse oximeter would first detect respiratory events in adults breathing room air.Methods:During a randomized clinical trial comparing fentanyl with low-dose ketamine for PSA with titrated propofol, patients were monitored using pulse oximetry and continuous oral–nasal sampled capnography. Supplemental oxygen was administered only for oxygen desaturation. Sedating physicians identified prespecified respiratory events, including hypoventilation (end-tidal carbon dioxide &gt; 50 mm Hg, rise of 10 mm Hg from baseline or loss of waveform) and oxygen desaturation (pulse oximetry &lt; 92%). These events and their timing were corroborated by memory data retrieved from the monitors.Results:Of 63 patients enrolled, 57% (36) developed brief oxygen desaturation at some point during the sedation. All responded to oxygen, stimulation or interruption of propofol. Measurements of end-tidal carbon dioxide varied substantially between and within patients before study intervention. Hypoventilation (19 patients, 30%) was only weakly associated with oxygen desaturation (crude odds ratio 1.4 [95% confidence interval 0.47 to 4.3]), and preceded oxygen desaturation in none of the 12 patients in whom both events occurred (median lag 1:50 m:ss [interquartile range 0:01 to 3:24 m:ss]).Conclusion:During PSA in adults breathing room air, desaturation detectable by pulse oximeter usually occurs before overt changes in capnometry are identified.
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20

Mirza, Asif, Nor Hisham Hamid, Mohd Haris Md Khir, Khalid Ashraf, M. T. Jan, and Kashif Riaz. "Design, Modeling and Simulation of CMOS-MEMS Piezoresistive Cantilever Based Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor for Capnometry." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 3769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.3769.

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This paper reports design, modeling and simulation of MEMS based sensor working in dynamic mode with fully differential piezoresistive sensing for monitoring the concentration of exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in human breath called capnometer. CO2 being a very important biomarker, it is desirable to extend the scope of its monitoring beyond clinical use to home and ambulatory services. Currently the scope of capnometers and its adaption is limited by high cost, large size and high power consumption of conventional capnometers . In recent years, MEMS based micro resonant sensors have received considerable attention due to their potential as a platform for the development of many novel physical, chemical, and biological sensors with small size, low cost and low power requirements. The sensor is designed using 0.35 micron CMOS technology. CoventorWare and MATLAB have been used as simulation software. According to the developed model and simulation results the resonator has resonant frequency 57393 Hz and mass sensitivity of 3.2 Hz/ng. The results show that the longitudinal relative change of resistance is 0.24%/µm while the transverse relative change of resistance is -0.03%/µm.
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Walsh, B. K., D. N. Crotwell, and R. D. Restrepo. "Capnography/Capnometry During Mechanical Ventilation: 2011." Respiratory Care 56, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/respcare.01175.

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22

Omoigui, Sota, Peter Glass, Dave L. J. Martel, Kenneth Watkins, Kent L. Williams, Sherry M. Whitefield, and Larry L. Wooten. "Blind Nasal Intubation With Audio-Capnometry." Anesthesia & Analgesia 72, no. 3 (March 1991): 392???393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199103000-00018.

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23

Srinivasa, Venkatesh, and Bhavani Shankar Kodali. "Capnometry in the spontaneously breathing patient." Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 17, no. 6 (December 2004): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001503-200412000-00013.

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24

Genzwuerker, Harald V. "Unavailability of Capnometry: A Legal Issue." Anesthesia & Analgesia 105, no. 4 (October 2007): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000278151.76711.c1.

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Nishimura, Masaji, Hideaki Imanaka, Chikara Tashiro, Nobuyuki Taenaka, and and Ikuto Yoshiya. "Capnometry during High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation." Chest 101, no. 6 (June 1992): 1681–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.101.6.1681.

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Nakagawa, Yoshihide, Max Weil, Wanchun Tang, Shijie Sun, Hitoshi Yamaguchi, and Joe Bisera. "COMPARISON OF SUBLINGUAL CAPNOMETRY WITH GASTRIC CAPNOMETRY AND LACTATE AS INDICATORS OF THE SEVERITY OF HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK." Critical Care Medicine 26, Supplement (January 1998): 44A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199801001-00070.

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27

Mensour, Mark, Robert Pineau, Vic Sahai, and Jennifer Michaud. "Emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia: A Canadian Community Effectiveness and Safety Study (ACCESS)." CJEM 8, no. 02 (March 2006): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500013531.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine the effectiveness and safety of procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) in a Canadian community emergency department (ED) staffed primarily by family physicians and to assess the role of capnometry monitoring in PSA. Methods: One hundred and sixty (160) consecutive procedural sedation cases were reviewed from the ED of a rural hospital in Huntsville, Ont. The ED is mainly staffed by family physicians who have received in-house training in PSA. Safety and effectiveness measures were extrapolated from a standardized PSA form by a blinded research assistant. Results: The mean age of the patient population was 33.6 years (standard deviation = 23.6). Fifty-four percent of the patients were male, and 33% of the cases were pediatric. PSA medications included propofol (84%), fentanyl (51%) and midazolam (15%), and the procedural success rate was 95.6%. The adverse event (AE) rate was 18% and included apnea (10%), inadequate sedation (3%), bradycardia (2%), desaturation (1%), hypotension (1%) and bag-valve-mask use (1%). In those aged ≥65 years there was a greater incidence of apnea. There were no episodes of emesis and there were no intubations. A modified jaw thrust manoeuvre was used in 23% of the cases. In the 64% of cases where capnometry was used, there was no association between its use and any AE measures. Conclusion: Procedural sedation was safe and effective in our environment. Capnometry recording did not appear to alter outcomes, although the data are incomplete.
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Björck, M. "Sigmoid capnometry in abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 19, no. 10 (October 2002): 760–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003643-200210000-00009.

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29

Lebuffe, G., and B. Vallet. "Sigmoid capnometry in abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 19, no. 10 (October 2002): 761–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003643-200210000-00010.

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30

Davis, Daniel P. "Quantitative Capnometry as a Critical Resuscitation Tool." Journal of Trauma Nursing 12, no. 2 (April 2005): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043860-200512020-00003.

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31

Jacob, Ron, Lea Bentur, Riva Brik, Itai Shavit, and Fahed Hakim. "Is capnometry helpful in children with bronchiolitis?" Respiratory Medicine 113 (April 2016): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2016.02.007.

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Björck, M. "Sigmoid capnometry in abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 19, no. 10 (October 2002): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265021502211230.

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33

Lin, Yuh-Jyh. "Is Capnometry Monitoring Useful in Nonintubated Neonates?" Pediatrics & Neonatology 51, no. 6 (December 2010): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1875-9572(10)60060-5.

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Kodali, Bhavani Shankar. "Capnometry Versus Acoustic Device for Monitoring Respiration." Anesthesia & Analgesia 118, no. 2 (February 2014): 485–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000000071.

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35

Spahr-Schopfer, I. A., B. Bissonnette, and E. J. Hartley. "Capnometry and the paediatric laryngeal mask airway." Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 40, no. 11 (November 1993): 1038–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03009474.

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Shokry, Mia, and Kimiyo Yamasaki. "Volumetric Capnometry, more than end-tidal carbon dioxide." Journal of Mechanical Ventilation 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53097/jmv.10032.

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Monitoring the exhaled caron dioxide pressure, known as end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) has become the standard of care during anesthesia, intensive care units, and during cardiac arrest resuscitation. However, volumetric capnometry provides much more useful information other than the ETCO2.
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Araujo-Preza, Carlos E., Mauricio E. Melhado, Francisco J. Gutierrez, Theodore Maniatis, and Michael A. Castellano. "Use of capnometry to verify feeding tube placement." Critical Care Medicine 30, no. 10 (October 2002): 2255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200210000-00013.

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Kox, Wolfgang J., and Helmar Wauer. "Sublingual capnometry: Useful gadget or just another toy? *." Critical Care Medicine 31, no. 3 (March 2003): 983–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000054863.23765.d1.

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L Miller, Shelley. "Capnometry vs pH testing in nasogastric tube placement." Gastrointestinal Nursing 9, no. 2 (March 2011): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/gasn.2011.9.2.30.

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Lashkeri, Taher, John M. Howell, and Rick Place. "Capnometry as a Predictor of Admission in Bronchiolitis." Pediatric Emergency Care 28, no. 9 (September 2012): 895–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pec.0b013e318267c5b6.

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Morris, Maggie, and Sandy Kinkade. "The effect of capnometry on manual ventilation technique." Air Medical Journal 14, no. 2 (April 1995): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1067-991x(95)90100-0.

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42

Creteur, Jacques, Daniel De Backer, Yasser Sakr, Marc Koch, and Jean-Louis Vincent. "Sublingual capnometry tracks microcirculatory changes in septic patients." Intensive Care Medicine 32, no. 4 (February 17, 2006): 516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-006-0070-4.

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43

Leturiondo, Mikel, Sofía Ruiz de Gauna, Jose Julio Gutiérrez, Jesus Ruiz, Carlos Corcuera, Juan Francisco Ustusagasti, James K. Russell, and Mohamud R. Daya. "Chest compression artefact compromises real-time feedback capnometry: quantification of differences in end-tidal measurements by two capnometers." Resuscitation 142 (September 2019): e32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.06.080.

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Maltseva, L. O., V. M. Lisnycha, I. A. Malsev, and N. A. Kazimirova. "Intramucosal pH as a criterion for the organism emergency from hepatospanchnic ischemia, or centralization of blood flow." EMERGENCY MEDICINE 17, no. 3 (July 6, 2021): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0586.17.3.2021.234796.

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In critical conditions, despite the restoration of systemic hemodynamics and overall oxygen delivery, tissue hypoxia and reduced oxygen extraction remain. One of the important tasks of intensive care for critical conditions is the early diagnosis of tissue perfusion disorders. In clinical circumstances, signs of hypoperfusion are arterial hypotension, tachycardia, oliguria, encephalopathy, low body temperature, the disappearance of skin capillary pattern, metabolic lactate acidosis. However, blood pressure is an insensitive indicator of tissue hypoperfusion itself. Experimental clinical trials have repeatedly documented that local perfusion pressure in critical conditions does not directly depend on systemic blood pressure. Lactate is not a specific marker of anaerobic metabolism, but rather impaired microcirculation seems to be one of the possible mechanisms of hyperlactatemia. Reliable markers of tissue perfusion and the effectiveness of early targeted therapy are regional capnometry (gastric intramucosal pH, sublingual pCO2), a saturation of mixed venous blood, etc. Intramucosal pH is of particular practical importance as a marker of regional capnometry. The aim of the study is the analysis of literature sources devoted to the effectiveness and diagnostic significance of intramucosal pH as a marker of regional perfusion. The value of intramucosal pH was evaluated: 1) during abdominal operations and the development of postoperative complications in comparison against IL-6 and IL-8; 2) during and after surgical interventions in conditions of prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass to assess the adequacy of blood supply to the abdominal organs; 3) in experimental septic shock compared to the values of lactate and hypoxanthine concentration in the liver and arterial blood; 4) the correlation between intramucosal pH va-lues, indices of the pediatric mortality risk scale, forming of great (cardiac arrest, shock) and minor (hypotension, hypovolemia, arrhythmia) hemodynamic complications and duration of staying in intensive care unit and intensive therapy; 5) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in apparently healthy patients with the simultaneous calculation of the difference between arterial and intramucosal pH. Intramuscular pH-controlled intensive therapy is a separate fragment: an intramucosal pH of less than 7.3 reflects splanchnic hypoperfusion and is an indicator of the unfavorable outcomes; intramucousal pH of more than 7.3 is a criterion for the emergency of the organism from hepatosplanchic ischemia, i.e. centralization of blood circulation. Therefore, the intramucosal pH is valuable in the clinical picture of critical conditions as a marker of regional perfusion measured by capnometry, which allows monitoring that reflects the perfusion of the intestinal wall. The lower threshold is 7.35 (the sensitivity of the method is 67 %, specificity is 74 %). An intramucosal pH of < 7.3 reflects splanchnic hypoperfusion and is an indicator of an adverse outcome. An alternative measurement of intramucosal pCO2, pCO2 in arterial blood and the difference [P (1-a) CO2] is a more reliable index of intestinal oxygenation than single intramucosal pH, but rather pH (1-a) makes it possible to adequately assess the acid-base state of arterial blood. The improvement and widespread use of capnometry and capnography for monitoring during general anaesthesia and intensive care, on the one hand, and modern knowledge of the pathophysiology of gas exchange, on the other hand, stimulate the wider use of less invasive and more affordable methods of regional capnometry and aerial tonometry.
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Cho, Yongil, Wonhee Kim, Tae Ho Lim, Hyuk Joong Choi, Jaehoon Oh, Bossng Kang, Youjin Kim, and In Young Kim. "The Use of Catheter Mount Will Result in More Reliable Carbon Dioxide Monitoring under Fluid Exposing Conditions." Emergency Medicine International 2019 (July 1, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4120127.

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Introduction. Capnometer can be readily malfunctioned by fluid exposure during treatment of critically ill patients. This study aimed to determine whether placing capnometer distant from the endotracheal tube by connecting direct connect catheter mount (DCCM) is effective in yielding reliable end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) by reducing capnometer malfunctioning caused by water exposure. Methods. In 25 healthy adults, a prospective, open label, crossover study was conducted to examine the effect of DCCM in mainstream and microstream capnometers under water exposing conditions. The primary endpoint was the comparison of ETCO2 between proximal DCCM (pDCCM) and distal DCCM (dDCCM). Results. For mainstream capnometers, mean ETCO2 was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in dDCCM compared to pDCCM under water exposing conditions (29.5 vs. 19.0 with 5 ml; 33.8 vs. 21.2 with 10 ml; mmHg). Likewise, for microstream capnometers, ETCO2 was greatly higher (p < 0.001) in dDCCM compared to pDCCM (30.5 vs. 13.9 with 5 ml; 29.9 vs.11.4 with 10 mL; mmHg). ETCO2 measured by dDCCM was reliable in microstream settings, whereas it was unreliable in mainstream (correlation coefficient 0.88 vs. 0.27). Conclusions. Application of DCCM onto the capnometer setting seems to be effective in reducing capnometer malfunctioning under fluid exposing conditions, which is obvious in microstream capnometer by producing more reliable ETCO2.
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46

Bar, Stéphane, and Marc-Olivier Fischer. "Regional capnometry to evaluate the adequacy of tissue perfusion." Journal of Thoracic Disease 11, S11 (July 2019): S1568—S1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2019.01.80.

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47

Taniguchi, Shogo, Kazuo Irita, Yoshiro Sakaguchi, Shoichi Inaba, Hidefumi Inoue, Hiroyuki Mishima, and Shosuke Takahashi. "Capnometry as a Tool to Unmask Silent Pulmonary Embolism." Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 183, no. 4 (1997): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1620/tjem.183.263.

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48

Randerath, Winfried J., Sven Stieglitz, Wolfgang Galetke, Norbert Anduleit, Marcel Treml, and Thorsten Schäfer. "Evaluation of a System for Transcutaneous Long-Term Capnometry." Respiration 80, no. 2 (2010): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000295904.

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49

Cammarata, Gianluca A. A. M., Max Harry Weil, Michael Fries, Wanchun Tang, Shijie Sun, and Carlos J. Castillo. "Buccal capnometry to guide management of massive blood loss." Journal of Applied Physiology 100, no. 1 (January 2006): 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01247.2004.

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In both clinical and experimental settings, tissue Pco2 measured in the oral mucosa is a practical and reliable measurement of the severity of hypoperfusion. We hypothesized that a threshold level of buccal tissue Pco2 (Pco2 BU) would prognosticate the effects of volume repletion on survival. Twenty pentobarbital-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley male breeder rats, each weighing ∼0.5 kg, were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Animals were bled over an interval of 30 min in amounts estimated to be 25, 30, 35, or 40% of total blood volume. One-half hour after the completion of bleeding, each animal received an infusion of Ringer lactate solution over the ensuing 30 min in amounts equivalent to two times the volume of blood loss. Pco2 BU was measured continuously with an optical Pco2 sensor applied noninvasively to the mucosa of the left cheek. Arterial pressure and end-tidal CO2 were measured over the same interval. Neurological deficit and 72-h survival were recorded. Aortic pressures were restored to near baseline values for each of the four groups after fluid resuscitation. This contrasted with the improvement of Pco2 BU, which differentiated between animals with short and long durations of postintervention survival. After electrolyte fluid resuscitation in rats subjected to rapid bleeding, noninvasive measurement of Pco2 BU was predictive of outcomes. Neither noninvasive end-tidal Pco2 nor invasive aortic pressure measurements achieved such discrimination. Accordingly, Pco2 BU fulfills the criterion of a noninvasive and reliable measurement to guide fluid management of hemorrhagic shock.
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Abramo, Thomas J., Robert A. Wiebe, Susan Scott, Collin S. Goto, and Donald D. McIntire. "Noninvasive capnometry monitoring for respiratory status during pediatric seizures." Critical Care Medicine 25, no. 7 (July 1997): 1242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199707000-00029.

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