Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Capitaux propres – Pays en voie de développement'
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Salameh, Hadi. "Transferts internationaux, stabilité politique et développement économique au Moyen-Orient, en Afrique du Nord et en Afrique sub-saharienne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ASSA0054.
Full textThis thesis examines the complex interactions between different financial flows to developing countries (Foreign Direct Investments (FDI), Public Aid, and personal transfers) on one side, and economic growth, governance indicators, and the informal economy on the other side across several geographic areas. The first chapter finds that FDI and political stability are mutual drivers of GDP growth, with remarkable regional variations, suggesting that socio-political contexts significantly impact this relationship. Notably, foreign direct investments coupled with political stability could encourage sustainable growth. Extending this analysis, the second chapter highlights a virtuous circle where economic growth and a reduction in corruption attract foreign aid and fund transfers, which in turn lead to growth and reduced corruption. However, this dynamic relationship appears to differ between Sub- Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and North Africa, underscoring the influence of divergent economic and political structures. The third chapter focuses on the informal economy, pointing out that remittances and political stability are key factors influencing its size, but with short-term effects. The analyses reveal that fund transfers are possibly geared towards immediate needs rather than long-term investments, a trend observed in various economies, including those of the OECD. These chapters underscore the importance of considering the dynamics between financial transfers, political stability, and both formal and informal economic practices, and how these factors mutually reinforce each other to influence economic development trajectories
Quang, Thérèse. "Intégration financière et croissance des pays en développement : seuils et effets de composition des flux de capitaux." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100117.
Full textOver the last decades, intensification of the financial globalization process has inevitably drawn the attention of economists and policymakers on the actual macroeconomic implications of unfettered capital flows. In particular, their real benefits for long-term economic growth in developing countries remain highly controversial. Although capital flows are presumably beneficial for receiving countries as they gain access to cheaper financing, the history of international financial integration (IFI) has been neither smooth nor risk-free. Surges in capital flows can pose critical challenges for developing economies with limited policy tools to address economic shocks. This thesis focuses on this IFI-growth nexus. It relies on recent research hypotheses highlighted in the literature to study the particular conditions under which financial openness leads to favourable outcomes. First, liberalizing the capital account implies a cost-benefit trade-off, which needs to be analysed outside the purview of standard models’ straitjacket. In particular, pre-existing distortions and market failures can interact negatively with capital flows, resulting in welfare loss. Second, capital flows are subject to a composition effect; they exhibit diverse volatility and risk properties and can actuate different growth outcomes
Rakotomalala, Arilantovao Jean Bruno. "L'indépendance financière des Pays en développement." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40021.
Full textThe knowledge of the nature, the evolution and the financial independence statement of the developing countries constitute an analysis tool to project the future economic policies and to plan the various axes of economic orientation in sync with the existing local and international context. How and in what measure does the financial independence exist ? Can we draw up a global typology of the developing countries by their financial independence level ? The object of this article is to treat these questions by highlighting the configuration of financial reports between United Nations and the other actors of the economy of the developing countries focusing the analysis on the two approaches of financial independence that are rhe flow approach and monetary approach. The first part will be dedicated to a positive analysis of the financial independence and is particularly interested in his reality. The second part will be dedicated on the normative analysis by trying to see the existence or not of a level of desirable financial independence
Zaiter, Lahimer Mahjouba. "L’impact des entrées de capitaux privés sur la croissance économique dans les pays en développement." Paris 9, 2011. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/7670.
Full textOur thesis focuses on private capital inflows affect on economic growth in developing countries. For our analysis, we distinguish three types of private flows: foreign direct investment, bank loans and portfolio investment. From a theoretical view, the capital inflows affect positively economic growth through risk diversification and investment improving. The negative effects result from crowding out effect, financial instability and crises propagation. Econometrically, we proceed by doing two different econometric studies on a panel of 71 developing countries. The first study examines the effect of private capital inflows on economic growth between 1980 and 2007 using GMM system introduced by Blundell and Bond (1998). The results are quite diverse. The effects of The FDI stocks are positive for almost all groups. For the portfolio investment, the effect shows the importance of progressive and controlled liberalization. The result concerning bank loan seem to depend on development level. The second study addresses the interaction of capital flows with the financial development, human development, institutional development and infrastructure. The results indicate that the effect of capital flows on economic growth depends on the level of development. An important interaction effect is associated to the intuitional development for the portfolio investment
Kinda, Tidiane. "Les déterminants, les conséquences et la gestion des flux de capitaux privés dans les pays en développement." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF10002.
Full textEl, Kadhi Zouhair. "Liberalisation du compte de capital et politiques de croissance dans les PED." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0018.
Full textThe capital account liberalization remains today a much discussed economic policy. Indeed, theoretical arguments demonstrating the positive effects of the international capital mobility on the economic growth are numerous but there are a lot of differences in empirical results in the literatureOne objective of this work is to identify and to explain theses differences. It brings a perspective of the relationship between the opening of the capital account in particular and financial integration in general and the economic growth while considering negative and transitory effects of the opening. Our empirical results point out a positive but weak effect of the capital flows liberalization on growth and give rise to the importance of the policy supports: stability of the exchange rate, sequencing and timing of various reforms and governance. At the last, this work allows us to affirm that the effects of integration policy and capital account liberalization is positive but depend on renewal of the State role as planner and guide of the integration process
Trabelsi, Mohamed. "Flux de capitaux étrangers, institutions et croissance soutenable dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIME003/document.
Full textThis thesis is a set of four independent essays on the reforms of capital accounts in developing countries. The first essay analyses theoretically the effects of capital account liberalization on long run growth in presence of corruption in the public sector. The main result is that corruption lowers growth opportunities, when the capital account is open, because of its negative effect on foreign savings. The second essay investigates empirically the nexus between financial development and free capital flows using a sample of 90 developed and developing countries over the period 1980-2009. The findings highlight the role of institutional framework and the importance of the private sector as pre-requisites for a significant effect of capital account reform on the financial sector. The third essay sheds light on the causal relationship between free capital movements and economic growth, using the Toda and Yamamoto’s approach, for a selected sample of six emerging countries over the period 1975-2011. The results point out a direct causal relationship going from capital account liberalization to economic growth especially in countries that have implemented deep macroeconomic reforms. The last essay investigates the effects of external financial liberalization on macroeconomic variables in Turkey during the period 1989-2009 using quarterly data within a VAR framework. The findings indicate that capital flows have varying effects on the Turkish economy before and after the crisis of 2001. The evidence supports, particularly, significant effects of freeing financial flows on macroeconomic performance, during the post-crisis period
Gesnot, Nicole. "Les flux de capitaux français et britanniques vers les Pays en développement de 1900 à 1985 : tendances séculaires et préférences des investisseurs." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991IEPP0005.
Full text"French and British capital flows towards developing countries 1900-1985: secular trends and investors preferences. " France and Great Britain, former colonial powers, had become by 1985 only medium-sized economies. Nevertheless, both maintained privileged relationships with developing countries having belonged to their colonial empires, all the while seeking to increase ties with other LDCs. This thesis studies the duality underpinning French and British capital flows to LDCs, distinguishing between laces having delonged to a country's colonial empire and those that haven't. Annual statistical data covering the period 1900-1985 have been compiled from primary sources establishing detailed French and British capital flows to developing countries. Original data are made available and analyzed on public and private flows and their functional, sectoral, geographic, and political distribution as well as their rate of return. The evolution of these flows is measured against the evolution of the domestic economies. This thesis also seeks to examine the effect on investors'
Hadj, Amor Thouraya. "Variabilité du taux de change réel, intégration financière internationale et croissance économique : une application aux économies émergentes." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0024.
Full textTwo major facts hold place to explain the interest of the variability of Real exchange rate (RER) in emergent countries. First, the International Financial integration (IFI), corollary of the abandonment of Bretton-Woods's system, and the proliferation of floating exchange rate regimes, amplified partially fluctuations and disequilibria of RER, notably in emergent countries. Then, the frequent exchange rate fluctuations, called volatility of RER, and the recurrent distortion, called misalignment of RER, build generally a matrix of crises and lower economic performance. These considerations drove economists to reconsider the question of the variability of RER, its determinants and its induced effects on the economic growth in emergent countries. Also, this question occupies a crucial position in research articulating macroeconomic and international finance. Our thesis appears in such a perspective of research; it is a reflection on the characterization of the nature and the extent of the mediation between RER variability and economic growth in the context of International Financial Integration The empirical validation of such a characterization took support on a widened sample constituted of heterogeneous emergent countries, on the one hand, and on an intensive recourse to econometric tools, on the other one. In addition, it has been question of empiric estimation articulating relatively recent econometric techniques, as the GMM in dynamic panel, panel co-integration and the method of Dynamics of Least Squared (DOLS). To the term of this empirical effort, we are allowed to note that the RER variability is an explanatory element of the economic decrease in emergent countries, decrease amplified by the IFI that intensifies this variability
Azour, Jihad. "L'avenir des marchés émergents dans la perspective de la globalisation : phénomène transitoire ou permanent ?" Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0020.
Full textThe development of the emerging markets will play a major role in the understanding of the economic prospects of the developing countries. The focus of this thesis is to evaluate the future of the emerging market phenomena, its sustainability and its impact on other developing countries and on the global economic system. This study tries to link together the economic and the financial factors in the evaluation process of the sustanibility in the development of the emerging markets. The analysis presented in this thesis point out that the emerging markets phenomena will show a continual growth in the future with a potentiel extension to other developing countries, and the group of emerging economies will be more integrated in the global economic and financial system. The success of this evolution will requiere from the emerging countries the achievement of reforms and economic adjustments, and from international economic system the definition of a new global economic and financial framework
Thiam, Djiby Oumar Racine. "L'analyse de la transition vers les énergies propres dans les pays en développement : enjeux, modèlisation et mécanismes de financement." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40054/document.
Full textThe objective of this doctorate thesis is to investigate the contribution of renewable technologiesto energy transition in developing nations. In the theoretical framework such a contribution couldbe justified in two points. First, it analyses conditions, means and consequences of a modificationof a fuel-based energy production scheme to a new structure based on a more sustainableorientedpathway. Second, the analysis of energy transition provides institutional, technological,sociological and managerial frameworks strengthening the convergence toward a sustainableoriented energy paradigm through a diffusion and adoption of renewable technologies. From theexisting approaches, the core of this thesis is to assume a requirement to consider a mixedapproach of energy transition in developing nations through a combination of both decentralizedand centralized options. The decentralized energy transition approach allows an insertion ofspatial and geographical characteristics of remote locations in developing nations while thecentralized approach strengthens an inclusion of developing nations in a sustainable energyparadigm. From this orientation, we propose an interdisciplinary methodology, empirically basedon South Africa and Senegal in order to investigate the possible contribution of renewabletechnologies to energy transition. To investigate these questions, we combine a bottom-up energymodeling approach with optimization techniques through a linear programming algorithm
Thabet, Saïda. "Analyse critique des thèses contradictoires du rôle des capitaux extérieurs dans les pays en voie de développement : application aux cas de la Tunisie et de l'Algerie entre 1963-1983." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10008.
Full textIdlemouden, Khadija. "Annulations de la dette extérieure et croissance : Une application au cas des "pays pauvres très endettés" (PPTE)." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00419972.
Full textDestrée, Nicolas. ""Remittances" et activité économique dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0628.
Full textSince the twentieth century, migratory flows have largely increased entailing financial flows - named remittances - from immigration areas to emigration areas. These transfers that migrants send to their families in their home countries may empirically lead to positive or negative effects on physical and human capital. This thesis aims at explaining this mixed evidence in developing countries.The first chapter underlines the negative impact of remittances on capital stock but also on labour supply. Due to this additional income in their last-period of life, agents have less incentive to work and save. Remittances may bring economies closer to their golden rule of capital accumulation or further from their golden rule according to their features. A taxation policy is provided in order to maximise the welfare in the home country of the migrants. The second chapter extends the analysis to open economies facing exogenous credit constraints on the international capital market. Even if remittances reduce incentive to save, these flows may increase investment in physical capital in some countries, through capital inflows, by directly relaxing the credit constraints. The third chapter considers a growth model with human capital accumulation in which agents borrow to finance their education. Borrowing constraints are, in this non-commitment framework considered as endogenous: agents may choose to default and are excluded from the financial market in case of default. In accordance with empirical literature, this model is able to explain a negative or a positive impact of remittances on economic growth
Lamagnere, Théo. "Emerging countries, monetary policy autonomy and dynamics of international reserves." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0288.
Full textThis thesis links the dynamics of international reserves accumulation observed in emerging countries over the last two decades with the question of monetary policy autonomy, which has regained interest following Rey's (2013) demonstration of a shift from the trilemma to the dilemma. The first chapter aims to re-examine the drivers of monetary autonomy in emerging countries and measure the role of international reserves in this autonomy. We show that adopting a fixed exchange rate regime still constrains monetary autonomy, except when there is a high level of international reserves, which relaxes the constraints of the trilemma and allows for the achievement of domestic monetary policy objectives. In the second chapter, after analyzing the dynamics of international reserves accumulation in emerging countries, we determine a threshold of international reserves beyond which monetary autonomy increases. This threshold, defined at 22-23% of the ratio of international reserves to GDP, allows us to challenge the often-attributed "excessive" nature of international reserves accumulation and to demonstrate the partial validity of the Mundell trilemma, which evolves into a quadrilemma beyond this threshold, thereby extending the conclusions of the first chapter. In the final chapter, we estimate whether a more autonomous monetary policy goes hand in hand with greater financial stability. While our results show a positive relationship, a more autonomous monetary policy alone is not sufficient to reduce financial imbalances due to the “financial channel of exchange rates.” In this context, we demonstrate that foreign exchange interventions motivated by international reserves accumulation are a credible alternative to managing financial imbalances
Kratou, Hajer. "Essais des effets économiques et distributifs des afflux de financements extérieurs." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10482/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the macroeconomic consequences of capital and external financial flows in developing countries. While the first part of the thesis focuses on the economic effects of external flows, the second and third parts of the thesis analyse the distributional repercussions. Having focused on the measurement and concepts that may influence the movement of the exchange rate (ER) (Chapter 1), the thesis reveals a set of results. First, foreign direct investment (FDI) and workers remittances are favourable in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region. However, official flows; portfolio flows and border bank loans confirm the Dutch disease mechanism. The presence of institutional quality mitigates the appreciation of the real effective exchange rate (REER) (Chapter 2). Second, after analysing the methodological difficulties of the empirical study (Chapter 3), the results confirm that the assumptions of Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson do not corroborate with the real world. Trade openness is not pro-poor in developing countries. The lack of robustness of capital and external flows on income shares requires a deep analysis and lead to the third part of the thesis (Chapter 4). Third, on the one hand, remittances are pro-poor when the representative migrant is issued from a poor family, living in a rich country or in a low brain drain country and in low passport costs country. On the other hand, remittances are pro-rich when the money transfer costs are high, this reflects the use of the informal channels at the expense of formal channels (Chapter 5). Development aid is pro-rich in democratic countries and pro-poor in middle income countries (less aid dependent countries)
Balima, Weneyam Hippolyte. "Essays on economic policies and economy of financial markets in developing and emerging countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD024/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on some critical issues of the access to international financial markets in developing and emerging market economies. The first part provides a general overview of the macroeconomic consequences of one of the most market-friendly monetary policy regime—inflation targeting—using a meta-regression analysis framework. The second part analyses government bond market risk and stability. The last part investigates the disciplining effects of government bond market participation—bond vigilantes. In Chapter 1, the results indicate that the literature of the macroeconomic effects of inflation targeting adoption is subject to publication bias. After purging the publication bias, the true effect of inflation targeting appears to be statistically and economically meaningful both on the level of inflation and the volatility of economic growth, but not statistically significant on inflation volatility or real GDP growth. Third, differences in the impact of inflation targeting found in primary studies can be explained by differences in studies characteristics including the sample characteristics, the empirical identification strategies, the choice of the control variables, inflation targeting implementation parameters, as well as the study period and some parameters related to the publication process. Chapter 2 shows that the adoption of inflation targeting regime reduces sovereign debt risk in emerging countries. However, this relative advantage of inflation targeting—compared to money or exchange rate targeting—varies systematically depending on the business cycle, the fiscal policy stance, the level of development, and the duration of countries’ experience with inflation targeting. Chapter 3 shows that remittances inflows significantly reduce bond spreads, whereas development aid does not. It also highlights that the effect of remittances on spreads arises in a regimes of lower developed financial system, higher degree of trade openness, lower fiscal space, and exclusively in non-remittances dependent regimes. Chapter 4 indicates that countries with credit default swaps contracts on their debts have a higher probability of experiencing a debt crisis, compared to countries without credit default swaps contracts. It also finds that the impact of credit default swaps initiation is sensitive to several structural characteristics including the level of economic development, the country creditworthiness at the timing of credit default swaps introduction, the public sector transparency, the central bank independence; and to the duration of countries’ experiences with credit default swaps transactions. Chapter 5 shows that bond markets participation encourages government in developing countries to increase their domestic tax revenue mobilization. Finally, it finds that bond markets participation improves the mobilization of internal taxes, compared to tax on international trade, and reduces their instability. Chapter 6 shows that the presence of domestic bond markets significantly reduces financial dollarization in domestic bond markets countries. This effect is larger for inflation targeting countries compared to non-inflation targeting countries, is apparent exclusively in a non-pegged exchange rate regime, and is larger when there is a fiscal rule that constrains the conduct of fiscal policy. Finally, it finds that the induced drop in inflation rate and its variability, nominal exchange rate variability, and seigniorage revenue are potential transmission mechanisms through which the presence of domestic bond markets reduces financial dollarization in domestic bond markets countries