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Journal articles on the topic 'Capitate'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Izadpanah, Ali, Riyam T. Zreik, Thomas Shives, and Sanjeev Kakar. "Capitate Chondroblastoma." HAND 12, no. 2 (July 8, 2016): NP14—NP18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944716642762.

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Background: Chondroblastomas are benign tumors that typically occur in the epiphysis of long bones. Carpal bone chondroblastomas are very rare and are known to have less aggressive behavior with no evidence of recurrence reported. Methods: We present a case of a recurrent chondroblastoma in the capitate that was treated with repeat curettage, application of phenol, and bone grafting. Results: At 3 years post surgery, the patient is disease free with excellent functional return. Conclusion: Chondroblastomas are rare within the carpus. We present a review of the literature detailing their occurrence and treatment.

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2

Wollstein, Ronit, Roee Rubinstein, Scott Friedlander, and Frederick Werner. "Capitate and Lunate Morphology in Normal Wrist Radiographs-A Pilot Study." Current Rheumatology Reviews 16, no. 3 (September 22, 2020): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573397115666181205165642.

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Background: Morphology may provide the basis for the understanding of wrist mechanics. Methods: We used classification systems based on cadaver dissection of lunate and capitate types to evaluate a normal database of 70 wrist radiographs in 35 subjects looking for associations between bone shapes. Kappa statistics and a log-linear mixed -effects model with a random intercept were used. Results: There were 39 type-1, 31 type- 2 lunates, 50 spherical, 10 flat and 10 V-shaped capitates. There was a significant difference in lunate and capitate shape between the hands of the same individual p <0.001. This may be due to different loads on the dominant vs. nondominant hands in the same individual. Conclusion: Further study to better understand the development of radiographic parameters of the midcarpal joint may aid in our understanding of the morphology and mechanics of the wrist.

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3

Nayar, Suresh K., Youssra Marjoua, Anthony F. Colon, Kenneth R. Means, and James P. Higgins. "The Effects of Capitate Height Alteration on Dorsal Intercalated Segment Instability." Journal of Wrist Surgery 09, no. 01 (September 30, 2019): 029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697651.

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Abstract Question/Purpose Carpal kinematics may be influenced by the manipulation of carpal dimensions. This may provide a surgical alternative to unpredictable soft tissue reconstruction for scapholunate dissociation. The purpose of this study was to determine if altering capitate height can correct dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI). Materials and Methods Five cadaveric wrists had baseline radiolunate (RL) angles and scapholunate (SL) intervals measured fluoroscopically, confirming no baseline DISI. We simulated open- and clenched-fist testing via a constant load of the wrist extensors and sequential loading of the digital flexors. We confirmed no baseline static/dynamic DISI. The SL ligament and secondary stabilizers (scapho-trapezio-trapezoid [STT] and dorsal intercarpal ligaments) were transected. Repeat loading and fluoroscopic measurements confirmed creation of static DISI. Capitate height was altered in three interventions: 2 mm shortening osteotomy of capitate waist, 7 mm shortening osteotomy of capitate waist, and 2 mm lengthening of original capitate height by insertion of a spacer at capitate waist. The osteotomized capitate was stabilized with a Kirschner wire; RL angles and SL intervals were measured via fluoroscopy during open- and clenched-fist testing. Primary and secondary outcomes were change in RL angle and SL interval, from the DISI stage to each capitate shortening and lengthening stage. Results SL ligament and secondary stabilizers sectioning created a DISI pattern, with abnormal RL angles (>15°) and widened SL intervals. Neither capitate shortening nor overexpansion corrected RL angles or SL intervals in any DISI-induced wrists. Conclusions Under the conditions studied, isolated capitate shortening or lengthening did not correct radiographic DISI posturing of the lunate following sectioning of the SL and STT interosseous ligaments. Further study of carpal kinematics with more substantial bone changes and loading of adjacent joints may be beneficial. Clinical relevance Surgeons performing capitate shortening osteotomy in isolation should not expect to improve DISI.

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4

Peymani, A., M. Foumani, J. G. G. Dobbe, S. D. Strackee, and G. J. Streekstra. "Four-dimensional rotational radiographic scanning of the wrist in patients after proximal row carpectomy." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 42, no. 8 (July 6, 2017): 846–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193417718427.

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We measured cartilage thickness, contact surface area, volume of the capitate and shape of the capitate during motion in the operated and unaffected wrists of 11 patients with a mean follow-up of 7.3 years after proximal row carpectomy. Radiocapitate cartilage thickness in the operated wrists did not differ significantly from radiolunate cartilage thickness in the unaffected wrists. The radiolunate surface area was significantly less than the radiocapitate surface area. The volume of the capitate was significantly increased in the operated wrists. The shape of the capitate changed significantly in two of three orthogonal directions. The combination of remodelling of the capitate, increase in its surface area and intact cartilage thickness could help to explain the clinical success of proximal row carpectomy.

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5

COŞKUN, Tamer, Hasan ARIK, and Sertaç MEYDANERİ. "Relationship Between Carpal Bone Morphology and Distal Radius Fracture Pattern." Journal of Contemporary Medicine 12, no. 6 (November 30, 2022): 901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1174520.

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Abstract Background: In this study, we examined whether carpal bones (lunate, hamate, capitate) morphologies and fourth metecarp-capitate articulation have an effect on the distal radius fracture pattern. Methods: 206 patients who applied to the emergency department with distal radius fracture between 2016-2020 were included in the study. Preoperative and pre-reduction x-ray films of the patients were examined. Lunate, hamate, capitate morphologies and 4.metacarp articulation analyzed and classified. Distal radius fracture types were classified according to AO and Fernandez. The relationship between carpal bone morphology and distal radius fracture type was analyzed. Results: This study consisted of 101 men and 103 women. AO fracture types and carpal bone morphologies (lunate joint type according to Viegas, lunate type according to Zapico, capitate morphology, hamate morphology and capitate-4 metacarpal joint morphology) did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). Fernandez fracture types and carpal bone morphologies (lunate joint type according to Viegas, lunate type according to Zapico, capitate morphology, hamatum morphology and capitate-4.metacarp joint morphology) were compared, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion: As a result, no clear relationship could be demonstrated between carpal bone morphology and distal radius fracture pattern.

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6

Kramer, Aviv, Raviv Allon, Frederick Werner, Idit Lavi, Alon Wolf, and Ronit Wollstein. "Distinct Wrist Patterns Founded on Measurements in Plain Radiographs." Journal of Wrist Surgery 07, no. 05 (June 17, 2018): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660811.

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Background In joints, structure dictates function and consequently pathology. Interpreting wrist structure is complicated by the existence of multiple joints and variability in bone shapes and anatomical patterns in the wrist. Previous studies evaluated lunate and capitate shape in the midcarpal joint, and two distinct patterns have been identified. Purpose Our purpose was to further characterize the two wrist patterns in normal wrist radiographs using measurements of joint contact and position. Our hypothesis was that we will find significant differences between the two distinct anatomical patterns. Patients and Methods A database of 172 normal adult wrist posteroanterior (PA) radiographs was evaluated for radial inclination, height, length, ulnar variance, volar tilt, radial-styloid-scaphoid distance, and lunate and capitate types. We measured and calculated percent of capitate facet that articulates with the lunate, scapholunate ligament, scaphoid, and trapezoid. These values were compared between the wrist types and whole population. Results Type-1 wrists (lunate type-1 and spherical proximal capitate) were positively associated with a longer facet between capitate and distal lunate (p = 0.01), capitate and base of middle metacarpal (p = 0.004), and shorter facet between the capitate and hamate (p = 0.004). The odds ratio of having a type-1 wrist when the interface between the capitate and lunate measures >8.5 mm is 2.71 (confidence interval [CI] 1.07, 6.87) and when the line between the capitate and the base of middle metacarpal >9.5 mm is 3.5 (CI 1.38, 9.03). Conclusion We characterized the two-wrist patterns using intracarpal measurements. Translating these differences into three-dimensional contact areas may help in the understanding of biomechanical transfer of forces through the wrist. Level of Evidence This is a Level II, diagnostic study.

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Akinleye, Sheriff D., and Eitan Melamed. "A Unique Presentation of Scaphocapitate Syndrome With Extrusion Into the Carpal Tunnel: A Case Report." HAND 13, no. 6 (September 12, 2018): NP39—NP45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944718799461.

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Background: Scaphocapitate syndrome is a rare variety of perilunate instability, described as a trans-scaphoid, trans-capitate fracture, with rotation of the capitate head either 90° or 180°. Methods: We present a unique case of scaphocapitate syndrome in which the rotated proximal capitate fragment expelled into the carpal canal. Results: The capitate head was extricated from the carpal tunnel via the volar approach, and was anatomically aligned and fixed through the dorsal approach using two 2.0 mm headless compression screws. The scaphoid fracture was then also reduced through the dorsal approach and stabilized with a 2.5 mm headless compression screw. All intercarpal ligaments appeared intact. Conclusions: Volar dislocation of the proximal capitate into the carpal tunnel in scaphocapitate syndrome presents a unique challenge that can be addressed with a combined volar and dorsal approach.

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8

Shepard, Nathan P., Richard B. Westrick, and Michael R. Johnson. "Fracture of the Capitate." Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 44, no. 7 (July 2014): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2014.0408.

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9

RICO, Á. A., P. H. HOLGUIN, and J. G. MARTIN. "Pseudarthrosis of the Capitate." Journal of Hand Surgery 24, no. 3 (June 1999): 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jhsb.1998.0056.

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Nonunion of an isolated fracture of the capitate is an infrequent condition. The authors present a patient who had few symptoms. Computed tomography showed more bone destruction than the standard X-ray. The nonunion healed with the use of a cancellous bone graft.

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Minami, Michio, Jun Yamazaki, Noriyasu Chisaka, Sadatoshi Kato, Toshihiko Ogino, and Akio Minami. "Nonunion of the capitate." Journal of Hand Surgery 12, no. 6 (November 1987): 1089–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0363-5023(87)80120-x.

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11

Werber, K. D., R. Schmelz, C. A. Peimer, S. Wagenpfeil, H. G. Machens, and J. A. Lohmeyer. "Biomechanical effect of isolated capitate shortening in Kienböck’s disease: an anatomical study." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 38, no. 5 (August 23, 2012): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193412458996.

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Multiple operations have been proposed to slow the progression of osteonecrosis and secondary carpal damage in Kienböck’s disease. To assess the biomechanical changes after capitate shorting, we inserted pressure-testing devices into the carpal and radiocarpal joints in an anatomical study. Pressure sensors were placed into eight thawed non-fixated human cadaver arms to measure the forces transmitted in physiological loading. Longitudinal 9.8 N and 19.6 N forces were applied before and after capitate shortening. After capitate shortening, significant load reduction on the lunate was evident in all specimens. An average decrease of 49% was seen under a 9.8 N load and 56% under a 19.6 N load. The load was transferred to the radial and ulnar intercarpal joints. More relief of pressure on the lunate after isolated capitate shortening is achieved with a shallow angle between the scaphoid and capitate in the posteroanterior radiograph.

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12

Jethanandani, Rishabh, Schneider Rancy, Keith Corpus, Jeffrey Yao, and Scott Wolfe. "Management of Isolated Capitate Nonunion: A Case Series and Literature Review." Journal of Wrist Surgery 07, no. 05 (May 23, 2018): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1651487.

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Background Isolated capitate nonunion is rare. No consensus on the appropriate treatment for this condition exists. Case Description We reported two cases of capitate fracture nonunion presenting several months after untreated high-impact wrist trauma. Treatment was delayed as both patients' nonunions were missed on conventional radiographs. Both were ultimately diagnosed with advanced imaging and successfully treated with internal fixation and autogenous bone grafting. The relevant literature pertaining to capitate nonunion was reviewed. Literature Review Immobilization and internal fixation with bone grafting for capitate nonunion have been described in the literature. Loss of vascular supply and progression to avascular necrosis is a concern after capitate nonunion. Clinical Relevance We present two cases and review the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of this rare injury to guide management. Internal fixation with autogenous bone grafting could play a role in management for this rare condition.

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13

Usami, Satoshi, Sanshiro Kawahara, and Kohei Inami. "Vascularized Second Metacarpal Bone Graft for the Treatment of Idiopathic Osteonecrosis of the Capitate." HAND 15, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): NP22—NP25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944719842202.

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Background: Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the capitate is rare condition with few reports of treatment using vascularized bone graft. Methods: A case of a 45-year-old woman with idiopathic necrosis of the capitate who underwent surgical treatment with a vascularized bone graft from the base of the second metacarpal bone is reported. Results: At 14 months postoperatively, the range of motion of her wrist was maintained, and localized wrist pain was relieved. Conclusions: This bone graft, which has a reliable pedicle with few anomalies, offers sufficient cancellous bone for the capitate, and can be harvested in the same operative field, is desirable for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the capitate.

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14

Janosevic, Dusica, Snezana Budimir, Ana Alimpic, Petar Marin, Sheef Al, Abdulhmid Giweli, and Sonja Duletic-Lausevic. "Micromorphology and histochemistry of leaf trichomes of Salvia aegyptiaca (Lamiaceae)." Archives of Biological Sciences 68, no. 2 (2016): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs150602018j.

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We performed a comprehensive study of trichomes considering the medicinal importance of the essential oils produced in glandular trichomes of Salvia aegyptiaca L. and lack of data about leaf trichome characteristics. Micromorphological and histochemical analyses of the trichomes of S. aegyptiaca were carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. We report that the leaves contained abundant non-glandular unbranched trichomes and two types of glandular trichomes, peltate and capitate, on both leaf surfaces. The abaxial leaf side was covered with numerous peltate and capitate trichomes, while capitate trichomes were more abundant on the adaxial leaf side, where peltate trichomes were rarely observed. The non-glandular trichomes were unicellular papillae and multicellular, uniseriate, two-to-six-celled, erect or slightly leaning toward the epidermis. Peltate trichomes were composed of a basal cell, a short cylindrical stalk cell and a broad head of eight secretory cells arranged in a single circle. Capitate trichomes consisted of a one-celled glandular head, subtended by a stalk of variable length, and classified into two types: capitate trichomes type I (or short-stalked glandular trichomes) and capitate trichomes type II (or long-stalked glandular trichomes). Histochemical tests showed that the secreted material in all types of S. aegyptiaca glandular trichomes was of a complex nature. Positive reactions to lipids for both types of glandular trichomes were obtained, with especially abundant secretion observed in peltate and capitate trichomes type II.

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15

Oufkir, Ayat, Cyril Lazerges, Bertrand Coulet, and Michel Chammas. "Giant Cell Tumor of the Capitate Treated with Excision and Midcarpal Fusion." Journal of Wrist Surgery 06, no. 03 (February 7, 2017): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1598187.

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Background Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is rare in the carpus, and only 11 cases have been reported in the capitate bone. The problem with this location is the high recurrence rate due to easy extension to the adjacent joint spaces and bones. We describe a case of GCT on the capitate bone and the treatment in comparison with the previously reported cases. Case Description The case report concerns a 48-year-old woman with a GCT of the capitate diagnosed on curettage. The treatment consisted of large resection with the lunatum and third metacarpal arthrodesis, with a successful union at 2 years follow-up, no recurrence, and an improved function of the wrist. Literature Review When treated by curettage (alone or with adjuvant procedures), the GCT of the capitate recurred in four out of five cases. All tumors treated with large resection did not recur. Clinical Relevance Recommended treatment of GCT of the capitate is resection with carpometacarpal arthrodesis.

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Wircker, Patrícia, Teresa Alves da Silva, and Rafael Dias. "Scaphocapitate fracture syndrome in a child." Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 9, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors79275.

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BACKGROUND: Scaphocapitate fracture syndrome involves transverse fracture of the scaphoid and capitate, with rotation of 90 or 180 of the proximal fragment of the capitate, commonly associated with other carpal lesions. It is a rare wrist injury, usually occurs in young men and is exceptional in children. The exact mechanism remains controversial. The injury is often misdiagnosed as a simple scaphoid fracture and there has been a controversy about the treatment of the capitate fracture in this syndrome. CLINICAL CASE: The authors report a rare case of a scaphocapitate syndrome in a 15-year-old boy. Early open reduction of both fractures was performed. It was obtained a good mobility, with a normal grip strength and the radiographs showed union of both bones without avascular necrosis. DISCUSSION: Most authors agree that regardless of the radiographic appearance of the injury, open reduction and internal fixation is the treatment of choice. The dorsal approach is the most used. The capitate fragment is usually devoid of any soft tissues and is reduced relatively easy with manual pressure, by applying traction to the hand. Reduction and fixation of the capitate must precede that of the scaphoid. K-wires or headless screws may be placed from the proximal to the distal side for the fixation of the scaphoid and capitate. The evolution is marked by the risk of occurrence of head capitate avascular necrosis CONCLUSIONS: This case report illustrates that the scaphocapitate syndrome can occur in children and is important an early diagnosis to initiate timely treatment. Our patient was successfully treated with open reduction and fixation using K-wires.

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17

Ruijs, Aleid C. J., and Joël Rezzouk. "Two cases of pyrocarbon capitate resurfacing after comminuted fracture of the capitate bone." Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23320885.2020.1834398.

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Marcuzzi, A., H. Ozben, and A. Russomando. "The use of a pyrocarbon capitate resurfacing implant in chronic wrist disorders." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 39, no. 6 (August 20, 2013): 611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193413501730.

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The present study describes the technique and results of proximal row carpectomy with resection of the head of the capitate and replacement with a pyrocarbon capitate resurfacing implant. The major indication for surgical treatment was arthritic changes on the head of the capitate. Patients were assessed by range of motion, grip strength, pain and functional scoring, and radiographic studies. In most patients, wrist function was improved and pain relief was obtained. This surgical procedure may represent a good alternative to total and partial wrist arthrodesis.

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Namazi, Hamid, Ebrahim Ghaedi, and Mohammad T. Karimi. "Comparison of Biomechanical Results about the Effect of Three Surgery Methods in Decompression of Lunate Bone." Journal of Wrist Surgery 10, no. 04 (February 15, 2021): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1723976.

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Abstract Objective Kienbock's disease is an unusual disorder caused by osteonecrosis and the collapse of lunate bone which leads to pain and a chronic decrease in wrist function. The treatments in this disease aim to relieve pain and maintain wrist function and movement. Various surgical procedures have been recommended for the subjects with Kienbock's disease; however, the main question posed here is which of the selected procedures are more successful in relief of the pressure applied on lunate. Methods and Materials Computed tomography (CT) scan images of a normal subject were used to create a three-dimensional model of the wrist joint. The effects of several surgical procedures, including radial shortening, capitate shortening, and a combination of both radial and capitate shortening, on the joint contact force of the wrist bones were investigated. Results The pressure applied to the lunate bone in articulation with radius, scaphoid, capitate, hamate, and triquetrum varied between 19.7 and 45.4 MPa. The Von Mises stress, maximum principal stress, and minimum principal stress decreased in the model with a combination of radius and capitate shortening. Conclusion It can be concluded from the results of this study that the combinations of radius and capitate shortening seem to be an effective procedure to decrease joint pressure, if the combined surgery could not be done, shortening of radius or capitate would be recommended. Level of Evidence This is a Level III study.

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20

Hegazy, Galal, Tarek Mansour, Ehab Alshal, Mohammed Abdelaziz, Mohammed Alnahas, and Ibrahem El-Sebaey. "Madelung’s deformity: capitate-related versus ulna-related measurement methods." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 44, no. 5 (February 27, 2019): 524–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193419832233.

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Several investigators have defined measurements for Madelung’s deformity based on the distal radius or on the longitudinal ulnar axis to avoid the distorted distal radius and its lunate fossa. However, errors may occur in severe cases because of ulnar deformity and displacement. We quantified seven established measurements for Madelung’s deformity relying on the central axis of the capitate. The inter- and intrarater reliability of the capitate-related and the ulna-related techniques were compared. We observed a higher inter- and intrarater reliability for the capitate-related method than for the ulna-related method. Better agreement was also observed for measurements of distance than for measurements of angles. However, the palmar tilt angle measurement method was neither reliable nor reproducible. The capitate-related technique can help to accurately determine the severity of Madelung’s deformity, assist in surgical planning and identify the prognosis. Level of evidence: III

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MILLIEZ, P. Y., M. DALLASERRA, and J. M. THOMINE. "An Unusual Variety of Scapho-Capitate Syndrome." Journal of Hand Surgery 18, no. 1 (February 1993): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(93)90197-n.

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We report a patient who sustained a displaced fracture of the lunate in association with fractures of the scaphoid and capitate. Union of the scaphoid and capitate fractures followed fixation with Herbert screws, 25 additional cases from the literature have been reviewed.

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Filho, Ricardo Luiz Ramos, Jefferson Santos De Jesus, Joao Claudio Ferreira Miranda, Victor Azuréu Barcelos, and Diego Bento De Oliveira. "Capitate and Hamate Fracture. Case Study." Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 22, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1185.

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Capitate and hamate fractures are infrequent injuries and are uncommon in isolation. A capitate fracture is usually associated with a scaphoid fracture. The primary mechanism of injury is a fall with the wrist in hyperextension. Other possible ways for capitate fractures are axial down trauma of the third metacarpal and direct trauma. Hamate fractures have a 2% incidence among carpal bone fractures, probably due to underreporting. They can occur on the hamate body or the hamulus or hook. Combined capitate and hamate fractures are uncommon and relevant studies, especially case reports, are scarce. We present a case report of a combined capitate and hamate fracture in a 44-year-old patient who suffered a direct trauma to the back of the hand during a fall. Following a clinical suspicion based on history and physical examination, radiographic and computed tomography (CT) studies were crucial for elucidating the case and proposed treatment, which involved ensuring absolute stability and performing an open reduction, using interfragmentary compression, with the Herbert bone screw implanted in each bone. After the surgical procedure, the patient wore a forearm plaster cast splint for four weeks. A satisfactory outcome was obtained in three months, with a complete range of motion and preserved force compared to the contralateral hand.

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s, Symeonide, and Kapetano s. "Osteoid osteoma of the capitate." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 76, no. 3 (September 1985): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198509000-00068.

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24

Allen, H., W. W. Gibbon, and R. J. Evans. "Stress fracture of the capitate." Emergency Medicine Journal 11, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.11.1.59.

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25

Al-Asiri, Jamal, Ali Redha Karashi, and Jung Y. Mah. "Pediatric Osteonecrosis of the Capitate." Bahrain Medical Bulletin 40, no. 2 (June 2018): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0047568.

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26

WALKER, R. W., and R. PRADHAN. "Dorsal Dislocation of the Capitate." Journal of Hand Surgery 25, no. 4 (August 2000): 403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jhsb.2000.0391.

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Rosh, Adam J., and David T. Schwartz. "Isolated Capitate and Hamate Dislocation." Journal of Emergency Medicine 42, no. 6 (June 2012): e151-e152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2010.05.037.

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28

Afshar, Ahmadreza. "Osteoblastoma of the Capitate Bone." Journal of Hand and Microsurgery 04, no. 01 (September 5, 2016): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12593-011-0050-y.

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Cho, Hyung Joon, Ki Taek Hong, Chang Ho Kang, Kyung-Sik Ahn, Yura Kim, and Sung Tae Hwang. "Stress Fracture of the Capitate." Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging 22, no. 2 (2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.13104/imri.2018.22.2.135.

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30

Walker, Lorenzo G. "Avascular necrosis of the capitate." Journal of Hand Surgery 18, no. 6 (November 1993): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0363-5023(93)90414-x.

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31

Schindler, Andreas, Juerg Hodler, Beat A. Michel, and Pius Bruehlmann. "Osteoid osteoma of the capitate." Arthritis & Rheumatism 46, no. 10 (October 2002): 2808–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.10579.

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32

Niewoehner, Wes A., Anne H. Weaver, and Erik Trinkaus. "Neandertal capitate-metacarpal articular morphology." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 103, no. 2 (June 1997): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199706)103:2<219::aid-ajpa7>3.0.co;2-o.

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Atiyya, Ahmed Naeem, Amr Nabil, Aly Ibrahim Abd El Lattif, Mohamed Nabil El Saied, and Ramy Ahmed Soliman. "Partial Capitate with/without Hamate Osteotomy in the Treatment of Kienböck's Disease: Influence of the Stage of the Disease on the Midterm Outcome." Journal of Wrist Surgery 09, no. 03 (March 6, 2020): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701509.

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Abstract Objective Moritomo et al introduced partial capitate osteotomy as a treatment modality for early stages of Kienböck's disease. This technique maintains articular contact between the capitate and the scaphoid. We added hamate-shortening osteotomy in addition to partial capitate shortening in cases of lunate type II. The purpose of this study was to evaluate intermediate-term results of partial capitate shortening, investigate the influence of the stage of the disease on the outcome, and assess the clinical and radiological outcomes of adding hamate osteotomy in cases of type II lunate. Patients and Methods A total of 17 consecutive patients (3 women, 14 men) with early stages of Kienböck's disease were prospectively reviewed using the aforementioned technique. Eight patients were in stage II and nine patients were in stage IIIA according to the Lichtman classification system. Clinical outcome measures included pain visual analog score, grip strength and range of motion as a percentage of the unaffected side, and assessment using the Patient-Rated Hand and Wrist Evaluation (PRHWE) and the modified Wrightington Hospital Wrist Score (MWHWS). Radiological outcome measures included healing of the osteotomy site, Stahl index, radioscaphoid angle, and progression of the disease. Results Follow-up period averaged 72 months. All cases of isolated capitate osteotomy and combined capitate and hamate osteotomies united fully. Clinical results revealed significant improvement in pain, grip strength and extension, and PRHWE and MWHWS values. Wrist flexion did not change postoperatively. Patients with stage II showed better overall results and significant MWHWS improvement. Conclusion At the intermediate term, partial capitate with/without hamate shortening is an effective modality for the treatment of patients with early stage Kienböck's disease. Stage II patients showed better results than stage IIIA patients in terms of pain, flexion, grip, PRHWE, and MWHWS. Adding hamate osteotomy may improve the functional results for type II lunate; however, a larger sample is needed to elicit statistical significance. Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, therapeutic study.

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Tabrizi, Ali, and Ali Aidenlou. "A case of avascular necrosis of capitate bone in an air compressor jack hammer worker." Journal of Analytical Research in Clinical Medicine 7, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jarcm.2019.012.

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Introduction: Avascular necrosis (AVN) is very rare in capitate bone. It mostly occurs due to direct trauma to wrist. However, it could also occur as the result of disturbed blood supply due to repetitive micro-trauma in rare cases. Case Report: In this report, a 30-year-old man who was an air compressor jack hammer worker with chronic wrist pain was presented. Imaging revealed a low-signal intensity lesion on T1-weighted which supported AVN of capitate. Blood supply damage was due to continuous stress to palmar hand as the consequence of working with air compressor jack hammer which led to AVN of capitate. Conclusion: AVN of capitate could occur as the result of repetitive micro-trauma. It has a high correlation with the job of patients. Radiography does not help in the first stages. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has high diagnostic sensitivity. In the primary stages in patients with occupation-induced AVN, it could be improved by changing the job and temporary immobilization.

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Jia, Ping, Ting Gao, and Hua Xin. "Changes in Structure and Histochemistry of Glandular Trichomes ofThymus quinquecostatusCelak." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/187261.

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The types, morphology, distribution, structure, and development process of the glandular trichomes on the leaves ofThymus quinquecostatusCelak had been investigated in this study. Two different types of glandular trichomes were determined in detail, namely, capitate trichomes and peltate ones. Besides, there were distinct differences on morphology, distribution, structure, and development process between the two kinds of trichomes. As the peltate trichome stepping into senium stage, it caved in the epidermis integrally, which was different from the capitate one. The secretion of the capitate trichome contained essential oil, polyphenols, and flavonoids, while, in addition to these three components, the secretion of the peltate one also contained acid polysaccharides. A distinctive difference was also seen in the secretory pathway of the secretion between the two types of trichomes. The secretion of capitate one was extruded through the cuticle of the head cell, but the secretion of the peltate one kept accumulating in the subcuticular space of the head cells until it was released by cuticle rupture.

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Kramer, Aviv, Raviv Allon, Alon Wolf, Tal Kalimian, Idit Lavi, and Ronit Wollstein. "Anatomical Wrist Patterns on Plain Radiographs." Current Rheumatology Reviews 15, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573397113666170417124711.

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Background: Interpreting the structure in the wrist is complicated by the existence of multiple joints as well as variability in bone shapes and anatomical patterns. Previous studies have evaluated lunate and capitate shape in an attempt to understand functional anatomical patterns. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe anatomical shapes and wrist patterns in normal wrist radiographs. We hypothesized that there is a significant relationship in the midcarpal joint with at least one consistent pattern of wrist anatomy. Methods: Seventy plain posteroanterior (PA) and lateral wrist radiographs were evaluated. These radiographs were part of a previously established normal database, had all been read by a radiologist as normal, and had undergone further examination by 2 hand surgeons for quality. Evaluation included: lunate and capitate shape (type 1 and 2 lunate shape according to the classification system by Viegas et al.), ulnar variance, radial inclination and height, and volar tilt. Results: A significant association was found between lunate and capitate shape using a dichotomal classification system for both lunate and capitate shapes (p=0.003). Type 1 wrists were defined as lunate type1and a spherical distal capitate. Type 2 wrists had a lunate type 2 and a flat distal capitate. No statistically significant associations were detected between these wrist types and measurements of the radiocarpal joint. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between the bone shapes within the midcarpal joint. These were not related to radiocarpal anatomical shape. Further study is necessary to better describe the two types of wrist patterns that were defined and to understand their influence on wrist biomechanics and pathology.

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GILL, RAYMOND, and PETER HOLDER. "A new species of Bemisia (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) from New Zealand." Zootaxa 2794, no. 1 (March 18, 2011): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2794.1.5.

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Bemisia flocculosa sp. n. is described from Melicytus obovatus (Violaceae) trees in New Zealand. It is similar in structure to B. tabaci and also to B. capitata, differing from the former in its wax producing habit, the associated wax producing callosity areas, and lingula shape, and from the latter in the lingula shape and lack of capitate setae. In the production of white dorsal wax secretions it resembles species previously placed in Lipaleyrodes, but B. flocculosa produces waxes along the discal/submarginal arc and in the center of the disc, rather than on the submarginal areas.

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Boesch, Cedric E., Gabriel Dejdovic, Kevin Beutler, Adrien Daigeler, and Fabian Medved. "Fivefold Fracture in a Perilunate Fracture Dislocation Involving Scaphoid, Capitate, Hamate, Triquetrum and Lunate: A Case Report." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 25, no. 01 (January 31, 2020): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835520720030.

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This case report presents a very rare fracture combination in a perilunate dislocation including the scaphoid, capitate, hamate and triquetrum and the cornu anterior of the lunate, with an intact scapholunate ligament in a left wrist. An open reduction and internal fixation of the scaphoid, capitate, hamate and triquetrum was performed.

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Bahadur, Saraj, Mushtaq Ahmad, Wenxing Long, Muhammad Yaseen, and Uzma Hanif. "Leaf Epidermal Traits of Selected Euphorbiaceae and Phyllanthaceae Taxa of Hainan Island and Their Taxonomic Relevance." Diversity 14, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14100881.

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Euphorbiaceae and Phyllantaceae are two of the most taxonomically complex and diverse families among angiosperm. Therefore, this study aims to identify the common, variation, and diagnostic traits of foliar anatomy and micromorphology of selected Euphorbiaceae and Phyllanthaceae taxa collected from Hainan Island. A total of 42 individuals of 38 species belonging to these two families were examined under light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A multivariate detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and chord diagram analysis were performed to visualize the variations and relationships between the species. The nonglandular trichomes were further classified into long falcate and short conical with papillae on their surface, and stellate and lepidote subentire, while the glandular trichomes were divided into capitate, subsessile capitate, sessile capitates, and peltate. The paracytic-type stomata were found in most of the species. The prominent continuous or discontinuous cuticular striations radiating from the guard cells in parallel, horizontal, or reticulate patterns were analyzed in most of the taxa. Variation was also found in epidermal cells and anticlinal wall patterns. Together, these traits are useful for identification, discrimination, and to define species boundaries at various levels. Our study will provide a basis for future studies to strengthen the systematic of Euphorbiaceae taxa.

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Bain, Gregory I., Sathya Vamsi Krishna, Simon Bruce Murdoch MacLean, and Parth Agrawal. "Single-Cut Single-Screw Capitate-Shortening Osteotomy for Kienbock's Disease." Journal of Wrist Surgery 09, no. 04 (May 1, 2020): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709669.

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Abstract Background Kienbock's disease, in spite of an uncertain natural history, is known to cause lunate compromise, leading to central column collapse, carpal instability, and degenerative arthritis of the wrist. Joint leveling procedures are performed in the early stages of Kienbock's disease to “unload” the lunate. Capitate shortening is the preferred procedure in Kienbock's patients with positive ulnar variance. Description of Technique We describe the rationale and a simplified technique of capitate shortening in early Kienbock's disease. This is a single-cut osteotomy with single-screw stabilization. Patients and Methods We have performed this technique in three cases. We present a case of a 26-year-old male who presented with a 1-year history of pain in his right wrist. Radiology performed demonstrated lunate sclerosis. Diagnostic arthroscopy revealed healthy articular surfaces. Single osteotomy capitate shortening was performed with an oscillating saw and fixed with a single cannulated compression screw. A shortening of 1.5mm was obtained with this technique. Results At 1- to 2-year follow-up, all three patients had considerable pain relief but did not have a complete resolution of pain. There was a significant improvement in function and grip strength. There have been no cases with infection, nonunion, avascular necrosis or a need for a salvage procedure. Conclusion The simplified technique of capitate shortening is easy to perform, less traumatic to the capitate vascularity, and leads to good short-term functional results.

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Viola, Randall W., Patti K. Kiser, Allen W. Bach, Douglas P. Hanel, and Allan F. Tencer. "Biomechanical analysis of capitate shortening with capitate hamate fusion in the treatment of Kienböck's disease." Journal of Hand Surgery 23, no. 3 (May 1998): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0363-5023(05)80456-3.

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Pfaeffle, Jamie, Brad Blankenhorn, Kathryne Stabile, Joseph Imbriglia, Robert Goitz, and Douglas Robertson. "Development and Validation of a Computed Tomography-Based Methodology to Measure Carpal Kinematics." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 127, no. 3 (January 31, 2005): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1894370.

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Motion of the wrist bones is complicated and difficult to measure. Noninvasive measurement of carpal kinematics using medical images has become popular. This technique is difficult and most investigators employ custom software. The objective of this paper is to describe a validated methodology for measuring carpal kinematics from computed tomography (CT) scans using commercial software. Four cadaveric wrists were CT imaged in neutral, full flexion, and full extension. A registration block was attached to the distal radius and used to align the data sets from each position. From the CT data, triangulated surface models of the radius, lunate, and capitate bones were generated using commercial software. The surface models from each wrist position were read into engineering design software that was used to calculate the centroid (position) and principal mass moments of inertia (orientation) of (1) the capitate and lunate relative to the fixed radius and (2) the capitate relative to the lunate. These data were used to calculate the helical axis kinematics for the motions from neutral to extension and neutral to flexion. The kinematics were plotted in three dimensions using a data visualization software package. The accuracy of the method was quantified in a separate set of experiments in which an isolated capitate bone was subjected to two different known rotation/translation motions for ten trials each. For comparison to in vivo techniques, the error in distal radius surface matching was determined using the block technique as a gold standard. The motion that the lunate and capitate underwent was half that of the overall wrist flexion-extension range of motion. Individually, the capitate relative to the lunate and the lunate relative to the radius generally flexed or extended about 30 deg, while the entire wrist (capitate relative to radius) typically flexed or extended about 60 deg. Helical axis translations were small, ranging from 0.6 mm to 1.8 mm across all motions. The accuracy of the method was found to be within 1.4 mm and 0.5 deg (95% confidence intervals). The mean error in distal radius surface matching was 2.4 mm and 1.2 deg compared to the use of a registration block. Carpal kinematics measured using the described methodology were accurate, reproducible, and similar to findings of previous investigators. The use of commercially available software should broaden the access of researchers interested in measuring carpal kinematics using medical imaging.

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KUTTY, S., and J. CURTIN. "Idiopathic Avascular Necrosis of the Capitate." Journal of Hand Surgery 20, no. 3 (June 1995): 402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(05)80103-2.

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Idiopathic avascular necrosis (AVN) of the capitate is rare. A 44-year-old woman presented with chronic pain in her dominant wrist without a history of trauma. Clinical and standard radiological examination were initially inconclusive, while MRI was diagnostic. Mid-carpal arthrodesis gave a satisfactory short term result, and the long term result is awaited. Idiopathic AVN of the capitate should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic wrist pain.

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Kohut, G., A. Smith, M. Giudici, and U. Büchler. "GREATER ARC INJURIES OF THE WRIST TREATED BY INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FIXATION — SIX CASES WITH MID-TERM FOLLOW-UP." Hand Surgery 01, no. 02 (July 1996): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810496000269.

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Six cases of greater arc injury, defined as a perilunate dislocation of the carpus with a fracture of at least both the scaphoid and the capitate, were treated by open reposition and both internal and external fixation. Revascularisation of the capitate by implantation of the first dorsal intermetacarpal artery was attempted in three cases. At a mean follow-up of six years and four months, all patients complained of residual pain in the wrist. Carpal mobility and grip strength were reduced, and all patients showed mild or moderate arthritic changes. Progressive cartilage damage over the proximal pole of the capitate seems to be a determining factor in the outcome. Open reposition and both internal and external fixation are recommended in order to possibly diminish the incidence of arthritis and minimise secondary carpal instability.

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Thomas, Wm Wayt. "Notes on Capitate Venezuelan Rhynchospora (Cyperaceae)." Brittonia 48, no. 4 (October 1996): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2807861.

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Wilson, Scott C., Brett M. Cascio, and H. Reiss Plauché. "Giant-Cell Tumor of the Capitate." Orthopedics 24, no. 11 (November 2001): 1085–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0147-7447-20011101-24.

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Ipsen, Tune, and Claus Falck Larsen. "A case of scapho-capitate fracture." Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 56, no. 6 (January 1985): 509–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453678508993047.

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Inoue, Goro. "Capitate-hamate fusion for Kienböck's disease." Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 63, no. 5 (January 1992): 560–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453679209154738.

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Humphrey, C. Scott, Kayvon D. Izadi, and Paul W. Esposito. "CASE REPORTS: Osteonecrosis of the Capitate." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 447 (June 2006): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000203459.12759.29.

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Goubier, Jean-Noël, Jérome Vogels, and Frédéric Teboul. "Capitate Pyrocarbon Prosthesis in Radiocarpal Osteoarthritis." Techniques in Hand & Upper Extremity Surgery 15, no. 1 (March 2011): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bth.0b013e3181ebe3c3.

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