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Sguotti, Alessandro <1990>. "Metodologie di valutazione del capitale intangibile: il Calculated Intangible Value." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/11939.
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L'elaborato si pone l'obiettivo di effettuare un'analisi empirica sull'applicazione del modello "Calculated Intangible Value", valutandone limiti e pregi, tentando di comprendere se, ed in che modo, il capitale intangibile sia connesso alla Performance aziendale.
Dopo una presentazione descrittiva delle componenti del capitale intangibile e di alcune metodologie per la loro valutazione, verranno esposti i risultati ottenuti dall'applicazione del modello Civ a livello settoriale ed aziendale (Came S.p.A.). In seguito, oltre alla presentazione di alcuni KPI's per il monitoraggio degli intangibiles emersi dalla letteratura, verranno presentati, nel tentativo di validare un nesso di causalità tra Civ e Performance aziendale, i risultati di un'analisi che considera l'esistenza di una relazione tra Civ ed Ebitda Margin.
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Lenisa, Niccolo' <1992>. "Il capitale territoriale come asset intangibile per lo sviluppo delle imprese. Metodi di rilevazione e di misurazione." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9339.
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Lo scopo di questo mio lavoro è quello di analizzare ed evidenziare l’importanza del tema riguardante il capitale territoriale nelle realtà locali. La tesi rappresenta il fenomeno analizzando, nel primo capitolo gli aspetti caratteristici dell’ambiente interno ed esterno, nel secondo capitolo una definizione del capitale territoriale ed una panoramica sulla responsabilità dell’impresa socialmente coinvolta, nel terzo capitolo viene posta particolare attenzione al tema dei distretti industriali, cercando di dare una rappresentazione concreta sull'argomento, con riferimento agli scritti dei maggiori esperti in materia come Becattini e Marshall, e analizzando il loro dibattito legato allo sviluppo dei cluster.
Nel quarto e nel quinto capitolo la questione si sposta da un’analisi esterna all’impresa ad una interna, in particolare, nel quarto capitolo vengono discussi i metodi di rilevazione contabile degli asset intangibili secondo la normativa nazionale per poi spiegare, nel capitolo successivo, metodi alternativi di misurazione degli stessi volti a dare maggiore importanza al fenomeno in forte sviluppo. La tesi si conclude infine con lo studio del distretto del prosecco di Conegliano-Valdobbiadene, dove viene spiegata la storia di questo distretto, le particolarità che ne hanno permesso l’affermazione e gli attori che intervengono.
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COSTA, ROBERTA. "Misurazione degli intangibili e performance aziendale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/190.
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Nell’economia mondiale sono avvenuti cambiamenti radicali che hanno mutato le fonti del vantaggio competitivo. La nuova fonte essenziale della creazione del valore è definito dallo sviluppo e dall’utilizzazione strategica degli asset intangibili. A tal proposito, il Knowledge Management è il processo attraverso il quale le imprese creano e valorizzano i propri intangible asset. Alla sua base c’è il recupero, l’organizzazione e la sistematizzazione di tutto ciò che viene indicato genericamente come conoscenza. Nel KM rivestono particolare importanza i metodi per la misurazione degli asset intangibili impossibile con i tradizionali metodi di valutazione degli assets tangibili, come testimonia la crescente discrepanza tra il valore di mercato ed il valore contabile delle imprese.
In questo nuovo contesto economico, il concetto di produttività e di performance aziendale dipende in misura sempre maggiore dal rendimento del patrimonio di conoscenza dell’impresa e dalla corretta gestione dei sui intangibili. Nella tesi si propone una metodologia che consenta la valutazione dell’impatto della gestione degli intangibili e degli investimenti in knowledge management sulla performance aziendale e sulla produttività (si può parlare in questi termini di produttività della conoscenza), attraverso l’approfondimento delle best practices riguardanti quelle imprese che hanno già sperimentato con successo strategie di gestione degli intangibili ed il loro confronto con le diverse realtà aziendali. La tecnica selezionata per valutare la produttività degli intangibili e la loro efficienza è la Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): tecnica basata sulla programmazione lineare che consente di determinare l’efficienza di unità operative omogenee, in questo caso di imprese. La scelta di input ed output opportunamente correlati agli intangibili consentirà di determinare l’efficienza relativa di un’impresa (rispetto alle altre ed alle Best Practises) nella capacità di gestire i propri asset intangibili ed il proprio patrimonio di conoscenza. Attraverso l’analisi DEA si ottiene, per ogni unità-impresa, un valore di efficienza relativa che permette di effettuare un ranking delle unità analizzate, distinguendo quelle efficienti da quelle inefficienti.In the last decades, the sources of competitive advantage have been changing radically in the worldwide economy. The essential source of value creation is actually defined by the development and the strategic use of the firm’s intangible assets. Knowledge Management is the discipline that studies the process of creation and valorisation of enterprises’ intangibles and his fundaments are the recovery, the organization and the rationalization of all that is generally know as knowledge. One of the most important tools of Knowledge Management are the intangible assets measurement methods, that are becoming necessary in order to integrate the traditional methods of accounting, as it testifies the increasing discrepancy between market value and accounting value of enterprises. In the modern economic context, the concept of productivity and business performance depends in greater measure on the efficient management of Intellectual Capital. So the measurement and evaluation of the impacts and value of investments in intellectual capital is a critical obstacle to turning those investments into sources of competitive advantage. Yet, most organisations have only a dim notion of what they spend on intellectual capital let alone what they receive from those investments. As a result, many firms either under-invest or make ineffective investments in intellectual capital. The thesis proposes a methodology to evaluate the impact of intangible assets management and knowledge investments on business performance and productivity (in the terms of knowledge productivity), through the examination of the Bests Practices of those enterprises that have already successfully implemented strategies of intangible assets management. The analysis method selected to such purpose is the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): a technique based on linear programming that allows to determine the efficiency of homogeneous operational unity (enterprises). Analysing a set of firms by means of the DEA was obtained a value of relative efficiency and, consequently, a ranking distinguishing efficient and inefficient ones.
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Saunders, Adam. "Essays on information technology and intangible capital." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68967.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis consists of three essays related to information technology and intangible capital. The first essay, "Valuing IT-Related Intangible Capital," examines the value of intangible assets in the firm. Using a panel of 130 firms from 2003-2006, we find that intangible assets are correlated with significantly higher market values beyond their cost-based measures. Moreover, we estimate that there is a 30-55% premium in market value for the firms with the highest organizational IT capabilities as compared to those with the lowest organizational IT capabilities. The second essay, "Has Information Technology Leveled the Competitive Playing Field?" analyzes the relationship between IT and ordinary (non-IT) capital and the competitive dynamics within U.S. industries. Using a panel of industry data from 1998-2005, when an industry becomes more IT intensive, there is more entry and expansion of firms (including entry of new small firms and expansion of large firms from the same and other industries). Yet there is also more turnover of small firms in the industry as well as concentration of the industry into large firms. In contrast, as an industry becomes more ordinary capital-intensive, there is less entry of small firms and fewer establishment openings by large firms; a lower rate of turnover by small firms; and fragmentation of the industry into small firms. In the third essay, "The Value and Durability of Patents in High-Tech Firms" (co-authored with Erik Brynjolfsson and Lorin Hitt), we use data on publicly traded high-tech companies from 1984-2002 to examine the relationship between the firms' market value and their patent-based intangible assets. We find that high-tech firms with patents that are cited by a wide variety of other patents in different patent classes are worth significantly more than firms with patents that are cited by a narrow range of patents. Patent generality is especially valuable in periods of change, when firms are no longer at the leading edge of innovation in a particular year. In these periods, we find that the value of diverse patents across technology categories is positive but not significant and that generality is comparatively more valuable than diversity.
by Adam Saunders.
Ph.D.
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Cui, Peng. "Understanding brand managers' intangible capital and capability." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1216661247.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 10, 2009). Advisor: Michael Hu. Keywords: brand management; intangible capital; capability. Includes bibliographical references (p.100-115).
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Yang, Shenglang. "Essays on intangible capital and economic development." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147962.
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This thesis consists of six chapters that examine issues on intangible capital and economic development. Chapter 1 assesses the role of intangible capital in sectoral economic growth in China based on data from Input-Output Tables, and identifies the type of disaggregated intangible capital that has the largest effect on economic growth in each sector group. Chapter 2 studies the determinants of intangible investment in Chinese firms as well as the relationship between firm-level productivity and various types of intangible investment, and finds that firm size, human capital and institutional quality as well as market competition all play important roles in determining firms’ intangible investment. Chapter 3 investigates the role of organization capital in the production of Chinese listed firms, compares the contributions of organization capital to firms’ financial performance between listed state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and non-SOEs and finds that SOEs invest more in organization capital but have lower returns from the investment. Chapter 4 analyses the effect of intangible capital in reducing sectoral energy intensity as well as how this effect varies across sectors and economies of different development stages, which provides some useful policy implications. Chapter 5 compares the changing output elasticity as well as heterogeneity in the productivity spillover effect of intangible capital across various sectors and economy of different income level, and finds some interesting patterns. Chapter 6, which is the last chapter, revisits the lost decades of the Japanese economy based on an extended neoclassical growth model with intangible investment incorporated and finds that unmeasured intangible investment actually plays an important role in explaining the business cycles during the Japanese lost decades.
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Belhocine, Nazim. "Three essays on the size and contribution of intangible investment to the overall capital stock." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1266.
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Cordina, Renzo. "Intangibles in a venture capital setting." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23165.
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In recent years intangibles have taken a more prominent role in the economy. Within the technology sector, young companies may have very little in terms of tangible assets. With no assets to serve as collateral, these companies often find it difficult to obtain funding. Venture capital firms attempt to fill this funding gap by providing finance in exchange for equity. This research considers intangibles from the point of view of the venture capitalist. Specific emphasis is made on patenting, as a formal way of protecting intellectual property. In high technology firms patents not only prevent competitors from copying inventions, but may also preclude them from advancing in their technologies. The availability of patent statistics enables objective measurement of the level of IP protection. The role of the reporting of intangibles in the investment decision is considered. Then, the role of intangibles per se is examined. The link between patenting and the level of investment is expl ored further. In a move away from the previous studies which focused only on existing datasets, unstructured interviews were conducted amongst early stage investor associations. Thereafter, a series of interviews was carried out amongst venture capitalists in the United Kingdom. Finally, a new dataset was constructed which includes information on venture capital investments, financial accounting information, and data relating to patenting. This data was then analysed statistically using regression techniques. Policy making organisations have been promoting the need for increased reporting on intangibles. However, key findings suggest that venture capitalists consider the existing level of reporting of intangible assets by investee companies to be adequate. Increased complexity within the financial reports does not reduce the level of due diligence carried out. They are more concerned about the nature of the intangibles than the financial reporting aspect. Although this study identifies a link between patenting and the level of investment by venture capitalists, they consider the business proposition as a whole, and no specific value is ascribed to patents.
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Tronconi, Claudia <1979>. "Intangible resources and organization capital: measurement and economic evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/763/1/Tesi_Tronconi_Claudia.pdf.
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Intangible resources have raised the interests of scholars from different research areas due
to their importance as crucial factors for firm performance; yet, contributions to this field still
lack a theoretical framework. This research analyses the state-of-the-art results reached in the
literature concerning intangibles, their main features and evaluation problems and models. In
search for a possible theoretical framework, the research draws a kind of indirect analysis of
intangibles through the theories of the firm, their critic and developments. The heterodox
approaches of the evolutionary theory and resource-based view are indicated as possible
frameworks. Based on this theoretical analysis, organization capital (OC) is identified, for its
features, as the most important intangible for firm performance.
Empirical studies on the relationship intangibles-firm performance have been sporadic and have
failed to reach firm conclusions with respect to OC; in the attempt to fill this gap, the effect of OC
is tested on a large sample of European firms using the Compustat Global database. OC is
proxied by capitalizing an income statement item (Selling, General and Administrative expenses)
that includes expenses linked to information technology, business process design, reputation
enhancement and employee training. This measure of OC is employed in a cross-sectional
estimation of a firm level production function - modeled with different functional specifications
(Cobb-Douglas and Translog) - that measures OC contribution to firm output and profitability.
Results are robust and confirm the importance of OC for firm performance.
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Tronconi, Claudia <1979>. "Intangible resources and organization capital: measurement and economic evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/763/.
Full textAbstract:
Intangible resources have raised the interests of scholars from different research areas due
to their importance as crucial factors for firm performance; yet, contributions to this field still
lack a theoretical framework. This research analyses the state-of-the-art results reached in the
literature concerning intangibles, their main features and evaluation problems and models. In
search for a possible theoretical framework, the research draws a kind of indirect analysis of
intangibles through the theories of the firm, their critic and developments. The heterodox
approaches of the evolutionary theory and resource-based view are indicated as possible
frameworks. Based on this theoretical analysis, organization capital (OC) is identified, for its
features, as the most important intangible for firm performance.
Empirical studies on the relationship intangibles-firm performance have been sporadic and have
failed to reach firm conclusions with respect to OC; in the attempt to fill this gap, the effect of OC
is tested on a large sample of European firms using the Compustat Global database. OC is
proxied by capitalizing an income statement item (Selling, General and Administrative expenses)
that includes expenses linked to information technology, business process design, reputation
enhancement and employee training. This measure of OC is employed in a cross-sectional
estimation of a firm level production function - modeled with different functional specifications
(Cobb-Douglas and Translog) - that measures OC contribution to firm output and profitability.
Results are robust and confirm the importance of OC for firm performance.
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Lee, Gyumin. "Identification of Organization-Centric Intangible Capital in the Hospitality Industry." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77125.
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The pertinent investment in intangible assets is expected to lead to a firm's higher productivity and competitiveness. This study suggests that a restaurant firm should identify core intangible assets for its business, manage them systematically, and measure their value contribution. The essential thrust is to identify key intangible value resources and establish their measurement, which then helps measure the financial contribution of each intangible asset and make an investment decision on it. Thus, this study was purported to identify key organization-centric intangible value assets in the context of the casual dining restaurant industry, develop their measurement, and examine their contribution on a firm's market value. Findings will help improve understanding of what intangible assets are critical and apply the concept to a strategic and operational management.
Based on an in-depth literature review covering a wide range of areas, the following six of the most widely agreed upon domains of organizational capital were identified: innovation capital, organizational process capital, organizational culture capital, organizational learning capital, information system capital, and intellectual property capital. This structure of the six most important domains of organizational capital was verified through subsequent interviews with five experts, the pilot test with ten experts, and three rounds of the Delphi survey.
Seventeen sub-dimensions were identified through the literature review, interviews, the pilot test, and the Delphi study with professionals. This industry-specific categorical system helps a firm identify and manage various types of intangible resources more precisely and efficiently. Furthermore, it can enable restaurant management to clearly understand how to cope with different types of intangible resources and how to gather, create, use, share, and develop them more appropriately. The findings can be grouped into the following conclusions.
Seventy measurement indicators were developed to measure a firm's organizational capitals. Unlike using subjective perceptual measurement scales, the measured values using the objective measurement scales are consistent regardless of time or people. Therefore, the financial value (or contribution) of each of the six organizational capitals can be estimated more precisely along with the data of firms' market value.Ph. D.
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Newman, William Henry. "The value of knowledge and intangible capital : a methodological investigation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12089.
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Karjalainen, P. (Pasi). "Valuation of intangible assets in different financial environments." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514284403.
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Abstract
The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the valuation of intangible assets in different financial environments. Value relevance of intangible investments has been largely recognized by indicating their close relatedness on future operating performance and valuation of firms. The financial environment of the country (market- or bank-based) is also found to be an important determinant of the economic performance of the firm. This thesis combines these two important issues by examining how a country's financial system affect the firm's investments and valuation of intangible assets.
The study consists of four essays and an introductory section. Essay I investigates the firm's investments in human capital in different legal- and financial environments. The results of this study indicate that human capital asset constitutes an essential part of the market value of firms in all our sample countries. The results also suggest that firms make investments in human capital to increase their innovation capabilities and to improve their future benefits.
Essay II investigates the firm's investments in R&D capital in different financial systems. The common result concerning both financial system is that the estimated R&D capital constitutes a great part of the firm's unrecorded goodwill. The main finding of the study is that the effects of the firm's past profitability and growth on its estimated R&D capital are stronger in bank-based than market-based financial systems. This result emphasizes the role of bank-based financing over market-based financing in the efficiency of resource allocation to R&D investments.
Essay III investigates the stock market's response to the firm's R&D investments in different financial systems by taking account of lead-lag structure between the firm's R&D investments and its market value. The main result of the study is that the stock markets' response to current R&D investments varies between different financial systems with regards to the point in time against which the stock market response is examined. This study suggests that information disclosure policies, level of stock-market expectations and attitude towards risk are the most important potential factors that explain the valuation differences of R&D between market- and bank-based financial systems.
Essay IV investigates the effect's of a country's financial system on current R&D investments and the future profitability of the firm. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows: the firm's current R&D investments are more strongly associated with the level of future firm profitability in bank-based than market-based financial system whereas current R&D investments are more strongly associated with the uncertainty of future firm profitability in market-based than bank-based financial system. The findings of this study suggest that differences in the valuation of R&D between market-based and bank-based financial systems mainly depends on the information asymmetry between the firm and its investors.
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ALBUQUERQUE, NELSON RODRIGUES DE. "VALUATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS USING COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE: APPLICATION AT HUMAN CAPITAL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=21555@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Esta tese apresenta uma nova metodologia para valoração dinâmica do Capital Intelectual, aplicada ao Capital Humano. Trata-se de oferecer, ao tomador de decisão, uma ferramenta capaz de calcular e comparar o retorno do investimento em ativos intangíveis, como ocorre com outros ativos tangíveis. Através da metodologia proposta, denominada KVA-ACHE, é possível estimar a quantidade potencial de conhecimento humano, utilizado na geração do resultado financeiro da empresa. Essa metodologia também permite medir variações de desempenho nos processos-chave que compõem a cadeia de valor da empresa e o impacto do investimento em educação em um determinado processo. O método KVA-ACHE é composto de cinco módulos, que são executados em três fases. Na primeira fase se avalia a empresa de forma agregada, segundo seu modelo estratégico e, na segunda fase, avalia-se a quantidade de conhecimento potencial e disponível, associado a cada processo-chave. A terceira fase é aplicado o método KVA e obtido o indicador de desempenho ROI. Ao final da sua aplicação, essa metodologia permite: identificar os processos que estão drenando resultado da empresa, através da observação de indicador financeiro adaptado, como o ROIK (Return on Investment on Knowledg), identificar a necessidade individualizada de treinamento para se atingir o máximo de desempenho em um determinado processochave; analisar o impacto percebido em termos percentuais do investimento em educação, realizado em determinado processo-chave; e, finalmente, dar uma visão sobre os recursos de conhecimentos e habilidades disponíveis na equipe de colaboradores, os quais poderão ser aproveitados na avaliação de novos negócios e desafios para empresa. A principal inovação dessa metodologia está no fato de se utilizar a Teoria dos Conjuntos Fuzzy e de Sistemas de Inferência Fuzzy - SIF para transformar conceitos relacionados à disponibilidade e ao uso de conhecimento humano em valores que, dessa forma, permitem a comparação de ativos intangíveis com ativos tangíveis.
This thesis presents a new methodology for dynamic valuation of Intellectual Capital, applied to the Human Capital. It offers, to the decision-maker, a computational tool able to quote and compare the return on investment in intangible assets, as with tangible assets. Through the proposed methodology, called KVAACHE, it is possible to estimate the potential amount of human knowledge, used in generating the company’s financial results. This approach also allows the measurement of variations in performance in the key processes that make up the value chain of the company and the impact of investment in education in a given process. The method KVA-ACHE is composed of five modules, which are executed in three phases. The first phase evaluates the company on an aggregate basis, according to its strategic model, and, in the second phase, the amount of potential and available knowledge, associated with each key process, is evaluated. The third phase applies KVA method. This methodology allows: the identification of the processes that are draining the company’s income by looking at the adapted financial indicators, such as ROIK (Return on Investment on Knowledge); the individualized need for training to achieve maximum performance in a particular key process; the analysis of the impact noticed in terms of percentage of the investment in education, held in a certain key process; and finally, an insight into the resources of knowledge and skills available in the team of collaborators, which may be used in the assessment of new challenges and business to the enterprise. The main innovation of this methodology lies in the use of Fuzzy Set Theory and Fuzzy Inference Systems - FIS to transform concepts related to the availability and use of human knowledge into values, and thus allow the comparison of intangible assets with tangible assets.
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Huda, Makeen. "The Impact of Intangible Capital and Diversity Reputation on Firm Performance." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2669.
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This dissertation examines the effects that intangible capital and diversity reputation have on firm performance. In Chapter 1, entitled “CEO Overconfidence and Intangible Corporate Investments,” we extend the corporate investment and CEO overconfidence literature by examining how CEO overconfidence affects investment-cashflow sensitivity using a new measure of Tobin’s q and cashflow. Specifically, we incorporate intangible capital, which neo-classical investment theory mostly ignores, in the empirical analysis. We develop three overconfidence measures and their interaction with the respective standard and new cashflow settings to capture the investment-cashflow sensitivity effect of CEO overconfidence. We use three investment measures (physical, intangible, and total investments) and find that the effect of managerial overconfidence on investment-cashflow sensitivity is more prominent for corporate intangible investments than physical investments. Moreover, our results show that the standard measure of physical capital weakly explains the intangible investment-cashflow density. Our study offers useful insights in that it explains the reason why investment-cashflow sensitivity has been weaker in recent years. We also show that investment-cashflow sensitivity is stronger when intangible capital is incorporated into the analysis. Chapter 2 is entitled “Diversity Reputation and Firm Performance.” The modern American workplace is a microcosm of modern American society. The increasing diversity of the American workforce has made the increasing diversity of the American workplace a necessity. We explore the impact of diversity reputation on firm performance. We measure a firm’s diversity reputation by its inclusion in DiversityInc’s list of Top 50 Companies for Diversity. We measure firm performance by various accounting measures (return on assets, return on investment, and return on sales) as well as one market-based measure, Tobin’s Q. We find that firms that have a better diversity reputation outperform firms that do not.
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MUKHERJEE, Shibashish. "ESSAYS ON THE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH INTANGIBLES AND HUMAN CAPITAL." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388855.
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Intangibles and human capital are increasingly becoming the most prominent resources
for firms in their mission to ‘create value’. With assets and resources that are difficult to
visualize, measure or report on, it is of great importance to management and investors
that the risks are recognized and examined critically. The thesis addresses two main
risks associated with intangibles and human capital – (i) information, and (ii) value.
Additionally, intangibles and human capital regard not only the (a) firm level, but also
the (b) macro-economic level. Thus, the risks need to be understood and discounted in
each of these fields. The thesis aims to interpret the problem of these diverse subjects by
delving into four mixed-method studies as below:
• the study of the cost of capital impact modeled by the expected returns of the non-
financial and narrative disclosures provided in the annual reports of intangibles-
intensive firms from the pharmaceuticals industry (Ch. 3);
• the understanding of the impact of regulatory changes (e.g. Reg. FD and SOX)
on the information environment with reference to exogenous intermediaries such as
News and Analysts, and researching for causality-based relationships (Ch. 4);
• the re-visitation of the concept of organizational capital, a much sought after vari-
able in the management science, which is here modeled to be a measure of an
organization’s overall performance risks (Ch. 5);
• the investigation of the difference between human capital and structural capital
first using financial accounting data, and then comparing it against a combined
non-tradable measure of intangible capital, which is an amalgamation of human
and structural capital (Ch. 6).
The overall outcome of this study shows that there is a need for more measures, both
financial and non-financial, to better understand the complex concepts of intangibles and
human capital and their implications in terms of value creation and risk.
The lack of explicit variables must not necessarily come in the way of this endeavor.
The solution to the problems of identifying measures and variables for intangibles and
human capital to understand and manage the different risks associated to them, can be
largely overcome by virtue of “liberal interpretations”, albeit preserving a great clarity, of
financial and non-financial data already available in the public domain.
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Baxter, Roger, and n/a. "The dimensions of intangible value in business-to-business buyer-seller relationships: an intellectual capital model." University of Otago. Department of Marketing, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060823.162004.
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A firm�s relationships with its customers contribute to its organizational capital and represent an important part of its shareholder value, so the nature of the value in these relationships needs to be understood well and managed carefully. Marketing managers therefore require techniques that will assess relationship value comprehensively in order to manage their portfolio of customer relationships effectively and in order to argue for a sufficient share of the firm�s resources to develop these market based assets for competitive advantage. At present, there is a well-established technique for assessing customer profitability analysis which assigns revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities to customers and algebraically sums their value to reach a profitability figure for each customer.
However, even in its more sophisticated forms, the primary focus of customer profitability analysis as it is currently used tends to be the management of profitability by way of the management of existing situations, and particularly of cost, rather than the management of the value that is potentially available in the future from the intangible aspects of a relationship. Without knowledge of the dimensions of intangible value in the relationship, the technique is restricted to assessing those relationship aspects that can be easily quantified in dollar terms by the modification of existing accounting information.
This leaves a gap in the available toolbox for managers in assessing relationship value, because much of the value of a relationship may be in its intangible aspects, which at present can not be readily assessed other than by a manager�s experience and intuition. In order to develop techniques specifically for intangible value assessment, it is necessary to understand the dimensions of this intangible value. Development of scales to measure the dimensions of this intangible relationship value and development of an understanding of its structure is thus a useful research goal, which is supported by calls in the literature for the quantification of market-based assets and their value Elucidation of the dimensions and structure of intangible relationship value is therefore the goal of this thesis.
Although there are recent reports in the literature of studies that include the intangible aspects of relationship value, most of those that have been conducted in a business-to-business context appear to be primarily concerned with investigating the drivers of value rather than its dimensions, and those that deal with the business-to-consumer context describe techniques to assess the aggregated value of many consumers, rather than an individual buyer as is required for business-to-business applications. The thesis therefore proposes a conceptual framework, synthesised from the intellectual capital literature, which provides a set of six dimensions and a structure of intangible business-to-business buyer-seller value. The six proposed dimensions are unique in that they cover the human aspects of the relationship extensively.
The thesis describes the testing of the proposed conceptual framework. This was achieved primarily by the use of the structural equation modelling technique on survey data that was collected from managers in the New Zealand manufacturing industry, following qualitatively analysed interviews with managers. The tests support the framework and its value dimensions. The thesis therefore concludes that this research provides a contribution to the literature on value assessment and that future research should be conducted to validate its findings.
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Brown, Christopher J. "Factors that affect the successful commercialization of intellectual capital." Thesis, Curtin University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1933.
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This research has investigated factors that affect the successful commercialization of intellectual capital. The concept of social constructs of meaning for the interview participants provides the fundamental perspective of this research. The research was undertaken on the basis of a constructivist ontology, the epistemology was interpretivist, and a qualitative methodology was used. A constructivist ontology was selected due to the research aim to understand the perceptions of the interview participants. The interpretivist approach provided the framework to interpret meaning of the perceptions in the appropriate business context. The data collection methods included unstructured interviews of people holding key decision making positions within their organizations. The conceptual nature of intellectual capital and commercialization enabled the research to be viewed from a phenomenological perspective and aspects of grounded theory were applied in seeking meaning from interviewee perceptions to surface a theoretical model. The data analysis included coding of the interview transcripts utilizing NVivo qualitative research software and sorting the data into nodes. The nodes represented categories of information which became the foundations of the constructs. These nodes were examined for relationship and meaning until a theoretical model emerged from the data. The findings culminated in six (6) main constructs which were subsequently aggregated to form a composite model of factors which influence the commercialization process.In addition a further discovery was made in terms of an `Intellectual Capital Approach' model which enables a classification and hierarchical relationship of intellectual capital to be mapped as a starting point for problem solving and strategy formulation. The results of this research have immediate application to business in terms of informing management about identification of intellectual capital and to consider alternative scenarios for wealth creation by way of commercialization.
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Choi, Gun-Ae. "The effect of intangible capital on lodging firms' foreign market entry mode." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186693033.
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Rock, Daniel Ian. "Essays on information technology, intangible capital, and the economics of artificial intelligence." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123582.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This dissertation contains four essays concerning the economics of information technology, intangible capital, and artificial intelligence. In the first essay, "Engineering Value: The Returns to Technological Talent and Investments in Artificial Intelligence" I describe how firms can appropriate some of the value of their employees' human capital by assigning firm-specific tasks. I then use a database of employment records to document dynamics in the valuation of publicly traded firms as they relate to different types of employment, focusing especially on AI skills. The second essay, "The Productivity J-Curve: How Intangibles Complement General Purpose Technologies" (coauthored with Erik Brynjolfsson and Chad Syverson) addresses the concern that new technologies with wide applicability throughout the economy can cause both underestimation and overestimation of total factor productivity.
As capital is accumulated, intangible investment output, and therefore productivity growth, will be underestimated only to later generate a yield (at which point productivity growth will be overestimated). Presenting a theoretical description of how to use corporate valuations to recover hidden investment value, we discuss how productivity growth and levels can be adjusted to accommodate these changes. Implications for research and development, computer hardware, and computer software investments are considered. The third essay, "Machine Learning and Occupational Change" (coauthored with Erik Brynjolfsson and Tom Mitchell), develops and implements a method to measure the labor market impact potential of machine learning technologies. Tasks are evaluated for their Suitability for Machine Learning (SML). We find that few occupations can be fully automated with machine learning, but many occupations will potentially be redesigned.
The final essay, "Do Labor Demand Shifts Occur Within Firms or Across Them? Non-Routine-Biased Technological Change 2000-2016" (coauthored with Seth Benzell and Guillermo Lagarda) decomposes labor share shifts of occupational groups into changes between firms, within firms, and due to entry and exit. We find that within-firm compositional shifts are an important component of changes in the overall labor market. We also find that the rate of within-firm shifts has declined in the period from 2000 to 2016. Together, these essays offer insights into how artificial intelligence technologies, particularly machine learning, will impact the U.S. economy.
by Daniel Rock.
Chapter 1. Engineering Value: The Returns to Technological Talent and Investments in Artificial Intelligence -- Chapter 2. The Productivity J-Curve: How Intangibles Complement General Purpose Technologies -- Chapter 3. Machine Learning and Occupational Change -- Chapter 4. Do Labor Demand Shifts Occur Within Firms or Across Them? Non-Routine Biased Technological Change, 2000-2016.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management
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Lau, Jannine Poletti. "The effect of intangible capital, ultimate control and investors' protection on corporate value." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9882/.
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Gregory, James Russell. "Intangible Capital: Culture of Innovation and its Impact on the Cash Flow Multiple." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7513.
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The definition for a culture of innovation (COI) is the perception of a company that prioritizes the advancement of new ideas that create value across all operations. On the face of it that seems a precious attribute for any company to nurture and exploit, but measuring and valuing a culture of innovation has proven elusive for corporations. There is a tendency to break down innovation into R&D, patents granted, and new product development and while these are all significant components of innovation a cultural definition is more encompassing of the entirety of a company and the financial results should be reflected in the financial performance as a whole.
The research for this dissertation utilizes the CoreBrand Index® (CBI) quantitative research database and fields for the first time an inquiry about 160 large public companies among engaged but impartial observers about their perceptions of the culture of innovation. The findings are then correlated to the cash flow multiple (CFM), which is a firm-wide financial variable. Analysis evaluates whether COI is more or less predictive of the CFM than historical attributes in the CBI. This dissertation verifies past research by the author and extends the study into new and expedient pathways to measure, value and manage intangible assets.
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BATTAGELLO, FRANCO MARIA. "Intangible Asset Analytics: rating Strategic Capital and gauging business performance an atomized perspective." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/203511.
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Zhong, Larry. "Intangibles Related Ratios and their Relationships with Leverage." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/755.
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Intangible assets have been the increasingly dominant primary source of market value creation. This paper investigates the relationship between leverage and various intangibles related ratios. An empirical analysis is conducted to quantitatively understand the impact that these ratios have on leverage. The results show that intangible assets have a clear significant positive relationship with leverage. Accounting based principles are used to provide reasoning behind the results, which include the difference in impact that internally generated intangible assets and acquired intangibles have on leverage.
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Brown, Christopher J. "Factors that affect the successful commercialization of intellectual capital." Curtin University of Technology, Graduate School of Business, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13633.
Full textAbstract:
This research has investigated factors that affect the successful commercialization of intellectual capital. The concept of social constructs of meaning for the interview participants provides the fundamental perspective of this research. The research was undertaken on the basis of a constructivist ontology, the epistemology was interpretivist, and a qualitative methodology was used. A constructivist ontology was selected due to the research aim to understand the perceptions of the interview participants. The interpretivist approach provided the framework to interpret meaning of the perceptions in the appropriate business context. The data collection methods included unstructured interviews of people holding key decision making positions within their organizations. The conceptual nature of intellectual capital and commercialization enabled the research to be viewed from a phenomenological perspective and aspects of grounded theory were applied in seeking meaning from interviewee perceptions to surface a theoretical model. The data analysis included coding of the interview transcripts utilizing NVivo qualitative research software and sorting the data into nodes. The nodes represented categories of information which became the foundations of the constructs. These nodes were examined for relationship and meaning until a theoretical model emerged from the data. The findings culminated in six (6) main constructs which were subsequently aggregated to form a composite model of factors which influence the commercialization process.In addition a further discovery was made in terms of an `Intellectual Capital Approach' model which enables a classification and hierarchical relationship of intellectual capital to be mapped as a starting point for problem solving and strategy formulation. The results of this research have immediate application to business in terms of informing management about identification of intellectual capital and to consider alternative scenarios for wealth creation by way of commercialization.
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Fustec, Alan. "Mesure extra-financière et financière du capital immatériel de l'entreprise." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3047/document.
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La mesure de la valeur immatérielle de l’entreprise est un sujet de grande préoccupation depuis des années. La présente thèse propose un modèle intégré de mesure de la valeur immatérielle des entreprises. Elle découle d’une alternance permanente entre de la modélisation empirique, des expérimentations en entreprises et des preuves académiques des mêmes concepts et résultats. Elle tente de répondre à cinq besoins qui étaient non couverts ou insuffisamment couverts dans le domaine de l’immatériel:1. Etablir la nécessité pour l’évaluation du capital immatériel d’une approche systémique.2. Définir une taxonomie d’actifs qui incorpore toutes les composantes de l’entreprise qui sont objectivement impliquées dans le processus de création de valeur et dont la durée de vie est supérieure à 12 mois; c’est-à-dire tous les éléments qui ont une valeur.3. Établir des règles claires qui permettent de comprendre l’articulation entre cette taxonomie et un bilan comptable d’entreprise.4. Montrer que les évaluations extra-financières de composantes immatérielles produites par le modèle propose sont corrélées de façon robuste à la performance économique des firmes, ce qui valide la pertinence de la taxonomie et du rating extra-financier proposes5. Proposer un ensemble d'outils cohérents pour calculer la valeur financière des actifs immatériels et par extension des entreprises qui prennent en compte leurs actifs physiques, financiers et immatériels. Montrer que les valorisations qui en découlent sont cohérentes par rapport aux approches classiques mais également qu’elles apportent aux praticiens de l’évaluation des outils précieux qui réduisent le risque d’erreur.Au final, le modèle proposé offre:1. une taxonomie d’actifs qui soit complémentaire à la norme IAS-IFRS et qui permette de produire un bilan étendu,2. une méthode d'évaluation extra-financière,3. une démarche structurée pour l’évaluation financière des actifs immatériels et par extension des entreprisesMeasuring the intangible value of a company has been a subject of great concern for years. This thesis proposes an integrated model for measuring the intangible value of companies. It stems from a permanent alternation between empirical modeling, business experiments and academic evidence of the same concepts and results. It tries to meet five needs that were not covered or insufficiently covered in the field of intangible:1. Establish a systemic approach to the evaluation of intangible capital.2. Define an asset taxonomy that incorporates all the components of a firm that are objectively involved in the value creation process and whose lifetime is greater than 12 months; that is, all elements that have a value.3. Establish clear rules for understanding the relationship between this taxonomy and corporate accounting.4. Show that extra-financial assessments of intangible components produced by the proposed model are robustly correlated with firms' economic performance, validating the relevance of the taxonomy and the rating proposed5. Propose a coherent set of tools for calculating the financial value of intangible assets and, by extension, of companies that take into account their physical, financial and intangible assets. Show that the resulting valuations are consistent with conventional approaches, but also that they provide valuation practitioners with valuable tools that reduce the risk of error.In the end, the proposed model offers:1. an asset taxonomy that complements the IAS-IFRS standard and allows the production of an extensive balance sheet,2. an extra-financial evaluation method,3. a structured approach for the financial evaluation of intangible assets and by extension of enterprises
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Sousa, Diana Filipa Carreira de. "Tangible and intangible investment of portuguese firms in traditional sectors (2004-2011)." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11084.
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Mestrado em FinançasA presente investigação visa estudar o comportamento do investimento em ativos tangíveis e intangíveis das empresas Portuguesas do sector tradicional. A análise empírica é realizada através da utilização de uma base de dados contabilísticos (Sistema de Contas Integradas das Empresas, SCIE) para o período 2004-2011. Foram testadas diferentes especificações para os modelos de análise de comportamento do investimento e diversas metodologias aplicadas (pooled OLS, FE - Fixed Effects and RE - Random Effects). Os principais resultados obtidos indicam que: a recente crise tem um impacto significativo influenciando negativamente o investimento em tangíveis e intangíveis; as expectativas das vendas, o retorno dos ativos, o excedente bruto de exploração e a sensibilidade do investimento ao cash flow contribuem positivamente para o investimento total; o stock de capital e o salário revelam efeitos poucos significativos no total do investimento; as exportações, ao contrário do total das vendas, revelam um impacto positivo no investimento em intangíveis. A análise por dimensão da empresa (pequenas médias e grandes) e por subsectores (Alimentação, Têxteis, Vestuário, Calçado, Madeira e Mobiliário) revelam comportamentos e dinâmicas e heterogêneas no investimento.
This investigation studies the investment in tangible and intangible assets in Portuguese firms of traditional manufacturing sectors. The empirical analysis uses accounting firm-level panel data covering the period 2004-2011. Several specifications for investment behavior equations are tested and different estimation methodologies are applied (pooled OLS, FE - Fixed Effects and RE - Random Effects). Key results emerge: the recent crisis has a strong and decisive negative influence on tangible and intangible investment; sales expectations, return on assets, gross operating profits and investment/cash flow sensitivities contribute positively to total investment; capital stock and wages show weak effects on total investment; and exports, rather than the total sales, have a positive impact on intangible investment. The analysis by size categories (small, medium and large firms) and subsectors (Food Products, Textiles, Wearing, Footwear, Wood and Furniture) reveal heterogeneous dynamics and explanations for investment behavior.
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Oliveira, Edineide Maria de. "A RELAÇÃO ENTRE CAPITAL HUMANO E CAPITAL PSICOLÓGICO." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2011. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/11.
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Previous issue date: 2011-10-06Intangible assets received special attention from scholars in recent years in the organization context of human resource management, since theoretical proposals were developed to understand (them) and measure them. Anchored in this line of research are human capital and psychological capital. While human capital is what workers can do, the psychological capital consists of a positive mental state made up of self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience. The overall purpose of his study was to analyze the relationship between human capital and psychological capital. It s about a quantitative study which involved 60 workers, students of the last period of Business Administration, with a average age of 23.85 years, mostly female, single and employed. Data for the study were collected in classrooms of a private university found in the Greater ABC area , through a self-administered instrument containing an interval measure of psychological capital with 12 items, validated for Brazil, and a measure of capital human with six questions,with two to measure the experience range and four to probe education. An eletronic database was design which was submitted to descriptive analysis and correlation (Pearson s) by means of SPSS 19.0 The results revealed that participants held a human capital represented by average 4.38 years work experience and that the majority (75%) had revealed to have a maximum of five years in this topic (regard). Regarding the dimension extent of education of human capital, the majority (96.70%) had not completed any graduate course, spent between 11 and 20 years to the studies(y) (81.60%), didin t exchange shift studies (93%), while 86.70% (is) already included in their academic curriculum complementary activities in the Educational Plan of Business Administration Course attended, and 73.30% had between one and three internships. The analysis poit out a median score of psychological capital, 9 accentuated strengthened by the difficulty of the participants to recognize that they are in a phase of success at work and could see the bright side of things on the job. Investigating the relationship between human capital and psychological capital significant correlations were not found. Given these results, it s presumable that the study s participants, for the reason of being predominantly young workers who have not yet completed an undergraduate degree, although in its way of life more than 10 years devoted to studies and worked for about five years on average still do not recognize themselves, in the presence of a consistent human capital psychological. The lack of relationship observed between the two intangibles advocated by theorists as important to ensure that employees can contribute to the company in pursuit of their goals seems to reveal that more studies are still needed and developing theory to support not only the assumptions about asset intangible as well as to identify the relationship of dependence that may exist between the categories of human capital and psychological.
Os ativos intangíveis receberam atenção especial de estudiosos nos últimos anos, no contexto organizacional de gestão de pessoas, visto que foram desenvolvidas propostas teóricas para compreendê-los e mensurá-los. Ancorados nesta linha de investigação, encontram-se o capital humano e o capital psicológico. Enquanto o capital humano representa o que os trabalhadores sabem fazer, o capital psicológico compreende um estado mental positivo composto por autoeficácia, esperança, otimismo e resiliência. Este estudo teve, como objetivo geral, analisar as relações entre capital humano e capital psicológico. Tratou-se de um estudo quantitativo do qual participaram 60 trabalhadores, estudantes do último período do Curso de Administração, com idade média de 23,85 anos, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino, solteira e empregada. Os dados para o estudo foram coletados em salas de aula de uma universidade particular, situada na Região do Grande ABC, por meio de um instrumento auto aplicável, contendo uma medida intervalar de capital psicológico com 12 itens, validada para o Brasil, e uma de capital humano com seis questões, sendo duas para medir a dimensão experiência e quatro para aferir educação. Foi criado um banco eletrônico, o qual foi submetido a análises descritivas e de correlação (r de Pearson) por meio do SPSS, versão 19.0. Os resultados revelaram que os participantes detinham um capital humano representado por 4,38 anos médios de experiência de trabalho , e que a maioria (75%) havia revelado possuir no máximo cinco anos neste quesito. Quanto à dimensão educação do capital humano, a maioria (96,70%) não havia concluído nenhum curso de graduação, se dedicou entre 11 a 20 anos aos estudos (81,60%), não realizou intercâmbios de estudos (93%), enquanto 86,70% já incluíram, em seu currículo acadêmico, atividades complementares previstas no Plano Pedagógico do Curso de Administração que cursavam, bem como 73,30% realizaram entre um a três estágios curriculares. As análises indicaram um escore mediano de capital psicológico, acentuado pela dificuldade dos participantes para reconhecerem que estavam em uma fase de sucesso no trabalho e de conseguirem enxergar o lado brilhante das coisas relativas ao trabalho. Ao se investigar as relações entre o capital humano e capital psicológico não foram encontradas correlações significativas. Diante de tais resultados, pareceu provável que os participantes do estudo, por serem predominantemente jovens trabalhadores que ainda não concluíram um curso de graduação, embora tivessem em seu percurso de vida mais de 10 anos dedicados aos estudos e trabalhado por volta de cinco anos em média, ainda não reconheciam, em si, a presença de um consistente capital humano nem psicológico. A ausência de relação observada entre os dois ativos intangíveis preconizados por teóricos como importantes, para que o trabalhador pudesse contribuir com a empresa no alcance de suas metas, pareceu revelar que ainda eram necessários mais estudos e desenvolvimento de teorização, para sustentar não somente as hipóteses acerca de ativos intangíveis, como também permitir identificar a relação de dependência que pudesse existir entre as categorias de capital humano e psicológico.
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Saulais, Pierre. "Application de la gestion des connaissances à la créativité des experts et à la planification de la R & T en milieu industriel de haute technologie." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EVRY0031/document.
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Le travail de recherche qui suit vise à l’obtention d’une méthodologie opératoire propre à faire évoluer la culture organisationnelle d’une firme dans le domaine de l’activité inventive, en particulier en opérant un transfert culturel à partir du monde académique. Il s’agit de construire un procédé de recueil et d’explicitation des connaissances inventives ayant abouti à une conception nouvelle, puis à exploiter en interne les résultats de ce premier procédé en appliquant ceux-ci à un second procédé ayant la dimension d’un apprentissage organisationnel. Le dispositif expérimental présenté a visé à réaliser la validation des hypothèses formulées. L’étude de cas dans notre organisation a permis de concrétiser, sur la base du bilan de l’évolution temporelle du patrimoine intellectuel inventif, l’approche de la créativité stimulée par les connaissances dans un cadre limité à trois domaines de connaissance et où l’on vise une innovation incrémentale. Ce mécanisme met en jeu individuellement et collégialement un ensemble d’acteurs impliqués dans l’inventaire préalable du patrimoine intellectuel inventif et dans son évolution stratégique au sens de l’organisation. En outre, ce travail introduit une vision peu commune de l’activité de R & T d’une organisation industrielle, vision où l’approche par la connaissance non contextuelle se substitue aux approches contextuelles usuelles par produits et services. Cette méthodologie opératoire s’appuie sur une approche conceptuelle de la créativité appliquée à la création de connaissances inventives. Cette création de connaissances est interprétée comme une mutation épistémologique déclenchée par la nature profondément paradoxale de la créativité. Le (futur) créateur doit porter en lui l’essence d’une oeuvre constituant la future création, la créativité lui permettant d’identifier cette essence par abstraction et l’inventivité lui permettant de donner performativement une Forme à cette abstraction. La mise au jour de liens puissamment opératoires entre des domaines peu mis en regard jusqu’alors, ceux de la Créativité/Inventivité, du Patrimoine Intellectuel et de l’Ingénierie des Connaissances fournit de solides fondations à l’approche conceptuelle de la création de connaissances inventives, ainsi qu’à de nombreuses perspectives de recherches supplémentairesThe following research work aims at getting an operational methodology able to make firm’s organizational culture progress in the inventive activity field, especially through a cultural transfer from academic world. The point is first building a process gathering and making explicit inventive knowledge which succeeded in a new design. Then, results coming out of this first process are applied to a second process featuring organizational learning. We described an experimental plan dedicated to the validation of the research hypotheses that we formulated. The case study based on our own organization was the opportunity to get a first operational validation of Knowledge-based innovation method applied to a 3-knowledge domain configuration for incremental innovation. Creativity stimulation was operated through the time-evolution synthesis of intangible inventive intellectual corpus. This mechanism both individually and collectively involves numerous actors already solicited for the preliminary inventory of inventive intellectual corpus and for its strategic evolution according to the firm.Moreover, this work brings an usual view on industrial R & T activity, where non contextual knowledge approach is substituted to conventional contextual approach bases on products. This operational methodology is based on a conceptual approach of creativity applied to the generation of inventive knowledge, which is seen as an epistemological mutation triggered by the most paradoxical nature of creativity. The (future) creator must house in himself the essence of intellectual work which will be the future creation: creativity allows him to identify this essence by abstraction and inventivity allows him to performatively give a Form to this abstraction. By revealing strongly operative links between poorly linked domains(Creativity/Inventivity, Intellectual Corpus, Knowledge Management), solid foundations are brought to the conceptual approach of inventive knowledge generation and to numerous perspectives of extra research
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Brännström, Daniel. "Reporting Intellectual Capital : Four studies on recognition." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-198246.
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This thesis contributes to the reporting of Intellectual Capital (IC) and includes four papers on the recognition and comparability of IC. IC, often called intangibles in the financial reporting discourse, reflects resources which create value in and for organizations. These resources originate out of human knowledge and capacities, which, through their uniqueness, can provide competitive advantages for an organization. As something intangible, IC is a challenge to report as it is not only a matter of reporting value that has been or can be realized but also a matter of reporting the creative processes focusing on present and future value. This challenge is a particular reflection of how and when to recognize IC as something reportable and is intensified if IC needs to be comparable. The thesis draws on the distinction that is made between mandatory and voluntary reporting when discussing recognition and comparability. Three of the studies relate to firms’ practices of reporting through annual reports. Since these reports contain both mandatory and voluntary sections, reflecting reporting both as a requirement as well as a possibility, different aspects of reported IC is emphasized. Using a wider range of documents, the fourth study relates to the enforcement of the mandatory reporting standards which the firms are required to apply in their reporting. As the overall finding in the thesis, three categories of recognition of IC are developed which reflect differences related to whether the reporting is mandatory, voluntary or, as this thesis argues, something in between. Reflected through the categories, comparability interrelates differently with recognition. The thesis contributes with the description of IC as a foundation for reporting which makes the matter of recognition of IC in reporting complex. It further highlights that through recognition of IC reporting is continuously expanding wherefore it is not possible to identify an end of an already expanded and demarcated reporting regime. In this expansion, by settling what is mandatory reporting through requested characteristics, voluntary reporting is defined.
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GRASSO, ALESSANDRO GIOVANNI. "Classificazione, misurazione e comunicazione degli intangibili nelle banche. Una verifica empirica in tema di disclosure." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/133.
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Il presente lavoro di ricerca si propone di indagare il tema degli intangibili, ed in particolare del capitale intellettuale, nell'industria bancaria. Decisamente poco numerosi sono i contributi sul tema che analizzano questo settore. Ciò non appare dovuto tanto alla mancanza di interesse, quanto probabilmente alle specificità che caratterizzano le attività delle banche e che le rendono meno adatte allo sviluppo di confronti con altri settori. In particolare, l'obiettivo dell'analisi è di inquadrare la comunicazione del fenomeno "intangibles" che si caratterizza per l'elevata componente di volontarietà, osservandone il livello di ampiezza e profondità all'interno del campione, anche in considerazione delle esigenze informative richieste dai diversi stakeholder aziendali. Ai fini dell'analisi vengono presi in considerazione i bilanci di esercizio, i bilanci consolidati, i bilanci sociali/ambientali pubblicati relativi al periodo 2003-2005. Il campione considerato fa riferimento a 21 gruppi bancari quotati sul listino italiano.
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GRASSO, ALESSANDRO GIOVANNI. "Classificazione, misurazione e comunicazione degli intangibili nelle banche. Una verifica empirica in tema di disclosure." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/133.
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Il presente lavoro di ricerca si propone di indagare il tema degli intangibili, ed in particolare del capitale intellettuale, nell'industria bancaria. Decisamente poco numerosi sono i contributi sul tema che analizzano questo settore. Ciò non appare dovuto tanto alla mancanza di interesse, quanto probabilmente alle specificità che caratterizzano le attività delle banche e che le rendono meno adatte allo sviluppo di confronti con altri settori. In particolare, l'obiettivo dell'analisi è di inquadrare la comunicazione del fenomeno "intangibles" che si caratterizza per l'elevata componente di volontarietà, osservandone il livello di ampiezza e profondità all'interno del campione, anche in considerazione delle esigenze informative richieste dai diversi stakeholder aziendali. Ai fini dell'analisi vengono presi in considerazione i bilanci di esercizio, i bilanci consolidati, i bilanci sociali/ambientali pubblicati relativi al periodo 2003-2005. Il campione considerato fa riferimento a 21 gruppi bancari quotati sul listino italiano.
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Nordmark, Max. "Intellectual capital measurement practices in the Swedish banking sector : An explorative study." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-14552.
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Ever since its conception, Intellectual Capital has undergone substantial transformation both in terms of its general definition and its prevalence in external reports. Although consistently focusing on intangibles, over time, intellectual capital has become an area focused on intangibles in accordance with the basic principles of the Resource-Based View regarding how assets can be used to acquire sustainable superior performance. Proponents of intellectual capital adhere to its framework and classification of different intangibles, claiming that it offers increased understanding as to how value is derived from intangible assets. The understanding of the measurement and subsequent reporting of intellectual capital being value creating is, however, a disputed claim. The field of intellectual capital has also been stated to be suffering from a lack of empirical studies focused on specific sectors. Although organisations from among the banking sector have been included in empirical studies within the realm of intellectual capital, there are few such studies which include Swedish banks, let alone studies focused on the Swedish bank sector. The question of whether organisations among the Swedish banking sector are dedicating themselves towards measuring intangible assets included in the intellectual capital framework has so far not been closely studied. Neither has a study focused on exploring the underlying motivations as to why organisations within this sector would choose to dedicate themselves to such work been made. By means of a qualitative research method focused on interviews with respondents from three banks belonging to the Swedish banking sector, this study demonstrates that although intellectual capital is virtually unknown within the sector, examples of the organisations’ measuring practises of intangibles included in the intellectual capital framework are numerous. By implementing resourced-based view and legitimacy theory, the primary motivation behind organisations implementing such measurements is suggested to primarily be to better understand and utilise the resource. The findings of this study also suggest that disclosure of intellectual capital is not viewed as legitimising, despite similarities between organisations in the sector leading to expressed wishes of certain intangibles being disclosed for differentiation purposes.Intellektuellt Kapital har gått igenom en omfattande förvandling både vad gäller dess generella definition och sin utbredning i externa rapporter sedan begreppet först myntades. Även om begreppet konsekvent har fokuserat på immateriella tillgångar har intellektuellt kapital, över tid, blivit ett område där immateriella tillgångar behandlas i enhet med de grundläggande antaganden hos Resursbaserad Teori i fråga om hur tillgångar kan användas för att uppnå varaktiga konkurrensfördelar. Förespråkare av intellektuellt kapital ansluter sig till dess ramverk och klassificering av olika immateriella tillgångar och påstår att det erbjuder en ökad förståelse gällande hur värde härleds från dessa tillgångar. Huruvida mätningen och följaktiga rapportering av intellektuellt kapital är värdeskapande är däremot ett omtvistat område. Intellektuellt kapital har även hävdats lida av en brist av empiriska studier fokuserade på specifika sektorer. Även fast organisationer från banksektorn har varit inkluderade i empiriska studier inom området intellektuellt kapital så finns det få sådana studier som inkluderar svenska banker, för att inte tala om studier som fokuserar på den svenska banksektorn. Frågan om huruvida organisationer från den svenska banksektorn aktivt mäter immateriella tillgångar som inkluderas i ramverket av intellektuellt kapital har hittills inte studerats grundligt. Inte heller har en studie gjorts som fokuserar på att utforska de underliggande motivationerna varför organisationer inom denna sektor skulle ägna sig åt sådant arbete. Genom en kvalitativ studie baserad på intervjuer med respondenter från tre banker från den svenska banksektorn demonstrerar denna studie att trots att intellektuellt kapital är praktiskt taget okänt inom sektorn så återfinns ett flertal exempel av mätning av immateriella tillgångar som inkluderas i ramverket hos intellektuellt kapital bland dessa organisationer. Genom implementering av resursbaserad teori och legitimitetsteorin så framgår att den huvudsakliga orsaken till att organisationer implementerar sådan mätning är att få ökad förståelse för resursen och bättre kan utnyttja den. Resultaten visar även på att redovisning av intellektuellt kapital inte ses som legitimerande, trots att likheter mellan organisationer i den svenska banksektorn tycks leda till att vissa immateriella tillgångar redovisas för att organisationen ska kunna differentiera sig från sina konkurrenter.
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CHAVEZ, ROMERO KAREN DANIELA, and ORTEGA ITZEL ANAITH EMBA. "EL CAPITAL INTELECTUAL EN LA FACULTAD DE CONTADURIA Y ADMINISTRACIÓN DE LA UAEMex." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/65882.
Full textAbstract:
Estamos en el año 2013, en una era revolucionaria, dinámica y globalizada
“la era del conocimiento”, donde la ventaja competitiva más representativa de
cualquier organización es el conocimiento, por eso las empresas que logran
identificar, valorar y aprovechar este recurso logran posicionarse por encima de
aquellas que no han sabido hacer una adecuada gestión de sus activos
intangibles.
La identificación de los activos intangibles es muy difícil por la carencia de
presencia física en los estados financieros, es necesario puntualizar que estos
pueden ser visibles u ocultos; el presente trabajo de investigación está enfocado al
activo intangible oculto conocido como Capital intelectual. Muchos autores han
desarrollado modelos con el fin de identificar, medir y valorar este capital dentro de
las organizaciones privadas.
El Capital intelectual es considerado un activo intangible oculto ya que
carece de una regulación contable especifica y éste a su vez, se divide en Capital
humano, Capital estructural y Capital relacional; que de forma muy resumida y
sencilla podríamos referirnos a ellos como los conocimientos individuales y
organizativos, la experiencia aplicada, la tecnología, procesos y las relaciones
organizacionales con agentes externos que otorgan ventaja competitiva e
identidad; sin embargo su dificultad se refleja en su inmaterialidad.
La importancia del Capital intelectual se debe al valor agregado que puede
proporcionar más allá de los activos fijos de cada organización, esta es la razón
por la que actualmente en la era del conocimiento muchas empresas valen hasta
más de diez veces su valor físico.
Entonces, aunque siempre ha estado presente el Capital intelectual, la
gestión de éste en las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) cobra mayor
relevancia, debido al objetivo de la organización educativa que es la generación e
impartición de conocimiento a través de los investigadores, las exigencias de la sociedad contemporánea han llevado a las IES a modificar su modelos educativos
para buscar satisfacer las necesidades del entorno, donde la innovación y el
conocimiento generan un mayor impacto social y económico que un edificio o bien
físico.
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DI, NOIA JLENIA. "Potere di Mercato, Innovazione e Finanziarizzazione." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/108954.
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Questa tesi studia le cause e le implicazioni di due fenomeni in particolare: la finanziarizzazione e la digitalizzazione. Nello specifico, il primo capitolo contiene un'analisi empirica sulle determinanti del Surplus Wealth delle società (una misura del potere di mercato) e dell’impatto degli investimenti finanziari sugli investimenti in capitale. Complessivamente, i risultati supportano l'evidenza sulla shareholders' value orientation; in media, i profitti finanziari sembrano favorire sia gli investimenti in capitale fisico che intangibile, mentre emerge un effetto trade-off tra questi ultimi e gli investimenti finanziari (non per i monopolisti operanti nel settore IT). Nel secondo capitolo viene sviluppato un modello teorico ad agenti eterogenei che combina la crescita endogena (modello K+S) alle frizioni finanziarie (modello CATS) ed introduce un mercato obbligazionario dove le imprese possono emettere/acquistare obbligazioni societarie. L'innovazione avviene per mezzo del capitale intangibile IT, le cui proprietà intrinseche legate all’intelligenza artificiale favoriscono l'accumulazione di liquidità, accentuata poi dai profitti finanziari. Da una prospettiva macroeconomica, le simulazioni suggeriscono che gli investimenti in obbligazioni da parte delle imprese impattano negativamente sull'occupazione, frenando il progresso tecnologico e la crescita economica, salvo che la liquidità investita in bonds superi un certo valore-soglia (omogeneo tra le imprese), ma al costo di un maggior rischio di fallimento e di un incremento delle posizioni Ponzi.The present thesis deals with two main phenomena: financialization and digitalization. The first chapter aims at empirically investigating the determinants of corporations' Surplus Wealth (a measure of market power) and the impact of financial investments on capital investment decisions. Overall, additional evidence on shareholders' value orientation is provided; on average, realized financial profits seem to be beneficial to both physical and intangible capital investment, whilst current financial investments appear to generate a trade-off effect (not for monopolists operating in the IT sector). The second chapter develops a theoretical agent-based model combining endogenous growth (K+S model) and financial frictions (CATS model) together with a market for corporate bonds where firms can both issue and purchase bonds. IT intangible capital is assumed to be the channel through which innovation propagates and its specific advertising properties stemming from artificial intelligence are able to foster liquidity accumulation, which is boosted when financial investments begin to play a role. Simulations suggest that, from a macroeconomic perspective, companies' purchase of corporate bonds is not beneficial to employment, technological progress and growth, except for the case where liquidity invested in bonds is beyond a common threshold across firms but at the cost of higher bankruptcy risk and Ponzi positions.
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Manning, Paul. "Social capital processes : an owner-manager perspective." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2012. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/da49555d-5f42-d3f5-3b65-0ce3d00dd6cc/9/.
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This thesis investigates the management of social capital processes as they are accomplished-understood, experienced and shaped-by owner-managers. The aim of the thesis is to develop a deeper understanding of the management of social capital processes, to achieve a greater congruence between real-life perspectives and experiences and social capital literature. The thesis argues that social capital is situational, and in the economic situation the theory has been bounded by rational choice framing assumptions. The research problem is that claims for the universality of the economic way of looking at life, and for looking at social capital processes are over-stated. Predicated on this insight the research investigates economic notions of rationality, and low and non-rationality, as well as their inter-dependence in the management of social capital processes. The research follows a qualitative approach for data collection, with flexible pre-coding to guide the research where to look, while retaining an inductive openness to emergent data. The research population is drawn from SME owner-managers in the service and retail sectors, who were researched over two years using semi-structured interviews, observation, and by researcher participant observation. The thesis presents a number of contributions to knowledge. First, the thesis offers an in-depth, single source review explicating the meaning of the economic form of social capital, with reference to its intellectual antecedents, conceptual debates and key theoretical authors. The second (emergent research) contribution is to identify the significance of ethics and autodidactic reading for managing social capital processes. The third (theoretical) contribution argues for an expanded social capital perspective, beyond the prevailing and over-confident rational framing assumptions, and also for a new holistic ontological understanding. The fourth contribution is to identify a number of generic processes which can guide the management of social capital processes.
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Abduvaliyev, Davlatbek. "Organisation capital empirical construct in the UK : methodology, validity, value relevance and pricing." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/organisation-capital-empirical-construct-in-the-uk-methodology-validity-value-relevance-and-pricing(eb025e50-6ef5-4a14-9120-02e3592482a6).html.
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The existing literature proposes a broad spectrum of methodologies to measure firm's superior operating capabilities, referring to them under different names such as 'knowledge assets', 'intellectual capital', 'organisation capital', etc. Through the work reported in this thesis, I intend to contribute to the research field by exploring one specific measure of a firm's operating capabilities proposed by Lev, Radhakrishnan and Zhang (Abacus, 2009). These researchers empirically construct an organisation capital measure and argue it has predictive ability for future performance and is able to explain future abnormal stock returns in the USA. I extend their research to the UK. In doing so, I also critically discuss the organisation capital estimation process and propose potential improvements to the technique. I find evidence of its construct validity in the UK. I examine the organisation capital measure's predictive ability for future performance. The results suggest that this measure is positively associated with future sales growth in the UK. Additionally, the organisation capital measure seems to explain persistence of the operating income and sales of firms in the UK. Via value relevance tests, I obtain empirical evidence that the organisation capital measure is positively associated with equity market value in the UK. Moreover, it is positively associated with the earnings multiplier in value relevance tests. This finding is consistent with empirical evidence that the organisation capital measure is positively associated with one-year ahead earnings and positively affects earnings persistence in such an association in the UK. Finally, I fail to find evidence of the organisation capital measure's ability to explain future excess stock returns in the UK. This suggests that information on firm-specific operating capabilities captured by the organisation capital measure is recognised by the capital market participants and contemporaneously incorporated into stock prices. This result, however, contrasts with the Lev et al. (2009) findings in the USA that organisation capital is mispriced.
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Andersson, Mikael, and Tobias Wiklund. "The 21st century company's true value : Intellectual capital disclosure and share prices on Nasdaq OMXS30." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-57132.
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The study investigates the relationship between intellectual capital and share prices on the Nasdaq OMXS30 companies between 2001 and 2010. This, by using content analysis to score the companies' disclosure of intellectual capital and linear regression to test for a relationship with the corresponding share prices. We find a significant positive relationship between Price and Intellectual capital only for one of its subcategories: Internal Capital. The other two, Human Capital and External Capital, were both negatively correlated, explaining why we could not see a relationship between our total Intellectual capital score and price. Apart from this, we see that the average IC disclosure increased significantly during our researched time period and that IC disclosure in knowledge-intensive companies is statistically higher than for capital-intensive companies when it comes to External Capital and Human Capital. For Internal Capital, as well as for Total intellectual capital disclosure, we could not see any difference.
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Beaumont, Paul. "Three Essays on Intangible Capital in Corporate Finance Building a Customer Base under Liquidity Constraints Build or Buy? Human Capital and Corporate Diversification Granular Borrowers." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED032.
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Cette thèse explore les implications pour la finance d’entreprise de l’importance croissante du capital intangible dans la détermination de l’avantage compétitif des entreprises. Dans le premier chapitre (avec C. Lenoir, CREST), nous montrons qu’un accès insuffisant au financement de court terme constitue un obstacle au développement de la clientèle des entreprises. Dans le deuxième chapitre (avec T. Libert de PSE et C. Hurlin de l’Université d’Orléans), nous analysons les effets de la sous-diversification des bases d’emprunteurs des banques. Nos résultats indiquent que la concentration expose les prêteurs au risque idiosyncratique de leurs emprunteurs et qu’elle amène à une plus grande synchronisation des flux de crédits entre banque. Dans le troisième chapitre (avec V. Lyonnet d’OSU et C. Hebert de Paris Dauphine/Tilburg U.), nous montrons que les entreprises utilisent les fusions-acquisitions pour acquérir un capital humain spécialisé lorsquel’embauche externe est trop coûteuseThe goal of this thesis is to explore the implications for corporate finance of the rising importance of intangible capital in shaping firm’s growth and competitive edge. In the first chapter (with C. Lenoir from CREST), we look at the role of liquidity constraints in the accumulation of customer capital. We show that both financing and product market frictions lead firms to under-invest in customer capital. In the second chapter (with T. Libert from PSE and C. Hurlin from U. of Orléans), we study the implications of the under-diversification of the borrower base of banks. We find that it exposes lenders to considerable borrower idiosyncratic risk and leads credit variations to be more synchronized across banks. In the third chapter (with V. Lyonnet from OSU and C. Hebert from Paris Dauphine/Tilburg U.), we study how human capital shape firms’ boundaries. Our results suggest that firms use M&As as a way to acquire specialized human capital when external hiring is too costly
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Nicolò, Giuseppe. "The rise of Intellectual Capital reporting. The relevance of IC disclosure in Italian Universities." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/3014.
Full textAbstract:
2016 - 2017This thesis is the result of the research work carried out during the three years of PhD in Public Sector Accounting at the University of Salerno under the supervision of prof. Tartaglia Polcini, and during the four months, at the University of Ghent under the supervision of prof. Johan Christiaens. The thesis represents a structured compendium of the results obtained from three empirical researches. However, it does not intend to offer a mere summary of these works, but to describe in detail, from a theoretical point of view, the phenomenon investigated, arriving in a consequential manner to the presentation of the results of the research conducted which represent its empirical developments. The PhD research activity has been mainly focused on Intellectual Capital (IC) which in recent years has gained momentum first in the private sector and, then, more vigorously, in the public sector as critical success factor. Intellectual Capital can be defined as “the collection of intangibles which allows an organization to transfer a collection of material, financial and human resources into a system capable of creating value for the stakeholders” European Commission (2006, p. 4). Due to its intangible nature, the IC has progressively acquired more relevance in public sector and in particular in University sector which, among public sector entities, have the highest degree of intangibility. In particular, Universities are basically knowledge-based institutions in which IC plays a crucial role as it is both the result of the research and development activities and the driver that leads to the creation of greater value from those activities... [edited by Author]
XVI n.s. (XXX ciclo)
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Lock, Lee Laurence. "Corporate Social Capital and Firm Performance in the Global Information Technology Services Sector." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2316.
Full textAbstract:
The confluence of a number of marketplace phenomena has provided the impetus for the selection and conduct of this research. The first is the so called value relevance of intangibles in determining share market performance of publicly listed companies. The growing gap between market and book values has been proposed as an indication of the impact of intangibles on share price values. A second related phenomenon is the increasing reliance on share price appreciation as the principal means for shareholder return as opposed to returns through dividends. This suggests that share prices are becoming an even more critical firm performance measure than traditional accounting-based firm performance measures like return on investment (ROI). A third phenomenon is the rapid growth in marketplace alliances and joint ventures, the number of which has grown rapidly over the past 30 years. The explanation for these phenomena may lie in the concept of corporate social capital (CSC) which, as an intangible asset (IA), has been proposed in several normative studies. CSC has been defined as “the set of resources, tangible or virtual, that accrue to a corporate player through the player’s social relationships, facilitating the attainment of goals” (Leenders & Gabbay, 1999, p3). However, constructs for CSC have only been loosely defined and its impacts on firm performance only minimally empirically tested. This research addresses this gap in the literature. The key aim of this research is to explore the impact of CSC on firm performance. Through the use of CSC as a lens for viewing a firm’s intangibles, several important sub-components of the CSC formulation are exposed. These include a firm’s market centrality (CENT), absorptive capacity (AC), internal capital (INC), human capital (HC) and financial soundness. Therefore, an extended aim for this research is to identify the differential impacts of the CSC sub-components on firm performance. Firm performance was measured as ROI, market-to-book ratios (Tobin’s Q) and total shareholder return (TSR). Overall, the research results indicate that CSC is a significant predictor of firm performance, but falls short of fully explaining the market-to-book value disparity. For this research an innovative computer-supported content analysis (CA) technique was devised to capture a majority of the data required for the empirical research. The use of a commercial news aggregation service, Factiva, and a standard taxonomy of terms for the search, allowed variables for intangible constructs to be derived from a relatively large sample of firms (n=155) from the global information technology services (ITS) sector from 2001 to 2004. Data indices for joint venture or alliance activity, research and development (R&D) activity, HC, INC and external capital (EC) were all developed using this CA approach. The research findings indicated that all things aren’t equal in terms of how the benefits of CSC accrue to different firms in the sector. The research indicated that for larger, more mature firms, financial soundness does not necessarily correlate with improved shareholder return. The inference is that these firms may have reached a plateau in terms of how the market is valuing them. In terms of market centrality, the research indicates that software firms could benefit from building a larger number of alliances and becoming more centrally connected in the marketplace. The reverse is true, however, for larger, more established firms in the non-software sectors. These companies can be penalised for being over-connected, potentially signalling that they are locked into a suite of alliances that will ultimately limit their capacity to innovate and grow. For smaller, potentially loss-making firms, the research indicates that investments in HC are potentially the only investment strategy that could result in improvements in profitability and shareholder return. Investments by such firms in R&D or INC developments are likely to depress shareholder value and therefore should be minimised in favour of HC investments. For larger, more established firms, investment in HC is beneficial for both ROI and TSR. Investments in areas like R&D and INC were found to be only beneficial to those firms who have the financial capacity to afford it. Firms that don’t appear to have the financial resources to support the level of investments they are making in R&D and/or INC were penalised by the market. Overall, the research provides specific insights into the links between firms and their performance, through appropriate investments in CSC. In terms of research practice, this research demonstrates the viability of computer-supported CA. Progress in the development of more intelligent search technologies will provide increasing utility to CA researchers, promising to unlock a vast range of textual source data for researchers that were previously beyond manual CA practices.
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Aybar, Vargas Carlos Modesto. "Incidencia de la gestión por competencias del capital humano en las empresas minero metalúrgicas del Perú." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4619.
Full textAbstract:
La mayoría de empresas minero metalúrgicas en Perú no aplican la gestión por competencias del capital humano en el año 2012, esta es una de las razones por la cual el desarrollo del sector no es sostenido frente a un entorno competitivo. La gestión empresarial es una actividad pragmática, se ciñe en resultados objetivos, su quehacer son los negocios, el estudio de un sistema de apoyo como recursos humanos por competencias es de carácter cualitativo; la teoría del estudio está sustentada en investigaciones de carácter científico que articula e integra con teorías de gestión como alineamiento estratégico, cuadro de mando integral, gestión de la calidad y otras; está mejor concebida que la gestión de recursos humanos tradicional. Los resultados de esta investigación confirman que solo el 26% de empresas minero metalúrgicas aplican la gestión por competencias del capital humano. La mayoría de ellas tienen mejores estándares de productividad y procuran un desarrollo sostenible; lo contrario es el 74% que no aplica el modelo. Para este grupo sigue latente la pregunta: “¿Cómo la gestión por competencias del capital humano incide en el desarrollo de las empresas minero-metalúrgicas del Perú?” Entonces es obvia la respuesta: “Demostrar que la gestión por competencias del capital humano incide en el desarrollo en las empresas minero metalúrgicas del Perú”. Se aborda el problema en base de varias teorías que articulan y apoyan la aplicación de la gestión por competencias, para que sea posible nuestra hipótesis: “La gestión por competencias incide en el desarrollo en las empresas minero metalúrgicas del Perú 2012”, siempre que se aplique el proceso metodológico propuesto. PALABRAS CLAVE: Buenas prácticas de gestión, Gestión por competencias, Capital humano, Empresas minero metalúrgicas, Activos intangibles, Activos intangibles.--- Most metal mining companies in Peru do not apply competency management of human capital in 2012, this is one reason why the development of the sector is not sustainable in a competitive environment. Business management is a pragmatic activity, focussed on objective findings, their work is business, study support system as human resources competency is qualitative; study theory is supported by scientific research that links and integrates with management theories as strategic alignment, balanced scorecard, quality management and others; It is better conceived than the traditional human resources management. The results of this investigation confirm that only 26% of metal mining companies apply management skills of human capital. Most of them have better standards of productivity and seeking sustainable development; otherwise it is 74% which does not apply the model. For this group still present the question: "How is competency management of human capital affects the development of mining and metallurgical companies of Peru?" Then the answer is obvious: "Demonstrate competence management affects human capital development in the metal mining companies in Peru. "Addresses the issue on the basis of various theories that articulate and support the implementation of competency management, to make possible our hypothesis: "Competency management affects development in the metal mining companies in Peru 2012", provided that apply the proposed methodological process. KEYWORDS: Good management practices, Competency Management, Human Capital, metal mining companies, Intangible Assets, Intangible Assets.
Tesis
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Dani, Mercedesz, and Johanna Sterner. "Management & Valuation of Intangible Assets in Swedish Holding Companies : An integrative model on how Swedish holding companies assess, evaluate and manage their intangible assets to maintain old and create new knowledge within their subsidiaries." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36557.
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Background: Companies operate in a dynamic and challenging business environment with a constant battle to become and stay competitive and achieve sustainable growth. The business environment has transformed rapidly in the past decade due to major globalization and internationalization processes, which have created a demand for mapping and understanding business value and core competences. Parting from the traditional, the focus within companies and research is shifting from tangible assets to human capital, such as knowledge, as the primary competitive resource. Knowledge is a concept that is both complex and volatile. Knowledge emerges and develops through processes of each individual and also from individuals merging together into groups – making it hard to manage. Sadly, without proper management of such resources and processes, it is competitive advantage cannot be exerted. Nowadays, most companies can be identified as knowledge intensive firms, where competitive advantage is related to the ability to create and apply new knowledge through mergers and acquisitions. For about 3 decades, researchers, governments and companies have been trying to develop methods to evaluate and measure intangible assets, but there is a lack of research on how it is done in reality. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate Swedish holding companies’ approach to working with intangible assets, primarily knowledge; investigating the way it is leveraged and used in the holding structure to create knowledge as a competitive resource across the entire corporation. Method: A qualitative research is used with a sample of 10 Swedish holding companies varying in size, structure and sector in order to test a proposed integrative model formulated on theory. Purposive sampling is used for participant selection based on personal networks. Conclusion: Firstly, we found that the majority of the Swedish holding companies do not have a method for evaluating intangible assets in general. In the event of mergers and acquisitions, on the other hand, human capital is emphasized as a main factor for decision making. From the managerial point of view, there is an elevating need for developing a systematic approach to assess human capital when acquiring new subsidiaries, primarily in order to understand the value and context of knowledge. Secondly, Swedish holding companies have internal structures and work-approaches to identify key persons within the newly acquired subsidiaries and transfer their knowledge to the mother company. Furthermore, they try to maintain and create knowledge by investing on education and leadership, but in general, knowledge management is done subconsciously. Therefore, the general finding of this research is that the concept of knowledge management is in the beginning of its lifetime and there is a clear need to put more managerial emphasis on restructuring processes.
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Martins, Leonardo Lehnemann Agostinho. "Um estudo comparativo entre os indicadores de inovação utilizados pelos métodos de scorecard para o cálculo de ativos intangíveis com os utilizados pelos fundos de capital de risco para investimentos em empresas spin-offs acadêmicas incubadas." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9030.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorEste trabalho pretende verificar o alinhamento entre os indicadores de inovação utilizados pelos métodos Scorecard de mensuração dos ativos intangíveis e pelas agências governamentais nacionais e internacionais com aqueles utilizados pelos fundos de capital de risco na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, para investimento em empresas spin-offs acadêmicas incubadas. A metodologia constou de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os métodos de mensuração e valoração dos ativos intangíveis, indicadores de inovação propostos por agências governamentais nacionais e internacionais e fundos de capital de risco que atuam na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Além de serem aplicados questionários nas empresas de fundos de capital de risco desta cidade. Foram levantados diversos métodos Scorecards na literatura com seus indicadores, além dos indicadores de inovação de agências governamentais nacionais e internacionais. Adicionando-se a isso, identificou-se o foco de investimento, o processo de seleção, o método utilizado de avaliação de oportunidades de investimento e indicadores relevantes para as empresas de capital de risco da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Observou-se que os ativos intangíveis, entre eles os de inovação, não são avaliados individualmente. A informação obtida com as empresas que receberão investimentos dessas empresas de capital de risco é utilizada para se entender a origem dos fluxos de caixa projetados e os principais fatores de risco. E esses dados aplicados ao método do fluxo de caixa descontado permitem que se estime o valor da empresa. Pela vasta experiência dos gestores dos fundos de capital de risco com micro e pequenas empresas inovadoras, espera-se que o estudo das práticas deste segmento traga importantes reflexões para as discussões relativas aos ativos intangíveis e a inovação.
This work aims to verify the alignment between innovation indicators used by Scorecard methods of measuring intangible assets, and by national and international government agencies with those used by venture capital funds in the city of Rio de Janeiro, for investment in incubated academic spin-offs. The methodology consisted of a literature review on the methods of measurement and valuation of intangible assets, innovation indicators proposed by national and international government agencies and venture capital funds that operate in the city of Rio de Janeiro. In addition to being applied questionnaires in venture capital companies in this city. Many Scorecards methods have been raised in the literature with their indicators, beyond the innovation indicators of national and international government agencies. Adding to this, it identified the focus of investment, the selection process, the method used for evaluating investment opportunities and relevant indicators for companies of venture capital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Final It was observed that intangible assets, including those of innovation, are not evaluated individually. Information obtained from the companies that receive investments of these venture capital companies is used to understand the origin of the projected cash flows and the main risk factors. And these data applied to the discounted cash flow method allows them to estimate the value of the company. For the vast experience of the fund managers of risk capital with innovative micro and small enterprises, it is expected that the study of the practices of this segment brings important insights to discussions relating to intangible assets and innovation.
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Aleknavičiūtė, Rasa. "Valstybės intelektinio kapitalo vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120124_124620-73358.
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Magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizuota valstybės intelektinio kapitalo teorija ir valstybės intelektinio kapitalo vertės nustatymo modeliai. Remiantis išanalizuotais valstybės intelektinio kapitalo metodais ir intelektinio kapitalo teorinėmis prielaidomis buvo sudarytas valstybės intelektinio kapitalo vertinimo modelis. Naudojantis šiuo modeliu buvo apskaičiuotas 30 Europos valstybių 2006-2009 m. intelektinio kapitalo indeksas. Atlikti skaičiavimai leido nustatyti Europos valstybių intelektinio kapitalo vertę, atlikti šios vertės kitimo laike analizę, įvertinti intelektinio kapitalo ir BVP ryšį bei intelektinio kapitalo indeksą sudarančių kapitalų tarpusavio koreliaciją.Master’s thesis analyses the national intellectual capital theory and national intellectual capital evaluation models. According to analysed intellectual capital evaluation models and theoretical assumptions the national intellectual capital evaluation model was composed. This model was used to identify intellectual capital value of 30 European countries in 2006-2009. The analysis of intellectual capital index tendencies was performed. Strong national intellectual capital correlation with GDP was identified also correlation of structural, human and intellectual capital were identified.
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Gonçalves, Alexandra Cristina Rodrigues. "Capital humano: impacte e valorização no sector bancário português." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1961.
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Mestrado em FinançasO actual paradigma de desenvolvimento económico dominante baseia-se no conhecimento enquanto principal recurso e fonte de criação de valor, implicando novos desafios, desde o desenvolvimento de processos de criação, disseminação e acumulação de conhecimento no seio das organizações e das próprias nações, ao seu impacto a diversos níveis, nomeadamente nas regras do jogo competitivo, no desempenho e valorização das empresas e no papel dos trabalhadores nestes processos. É extensivamente assumido que tal contexto implica a necessidade de novos desenvolvimentos na teoria económica existente. Neste estudo, é dada uma especial ênfase à problemática da valorização do “Capital Humano”, maioritariamente apontado como um dos mais importantes activos da empresa. Trata-se de um domínio cuja investigação se encontra ainda aberta a muitos e novos contributos, revestindo-se de vital importância, quer a nível macro para a explicação do crescimento e desenvolvimento nacional e intersectorial, quer a nível micro, no âmbito da competitividade, rendibilidade e valorização das empresas. Sendo embora uma matéria de interesse transversal a todos os sectores de actividade, o nosso enfoque incidirá sobre o sector bancário português, procurando-se estimar o valor do “Capital Humano” neste sector, utilizando como proxy o número médio de anos de escolaridade dos trabalhadores. Será ainda investigada a hipótese de existência de um impacte directo entre o valor do “Capital Humano” assim medido em termos de desempenho do sector.
The current dominant paradigm is based on knowledge as the main economical input and value creation resource, which implicates new challenges, namely with respect to knowledge creation, dissemination and accumulation processes, as well as its multiple impacts, such as the modifying of competitive rules, the increasing performance and companies market value and the changing on workers role in these processes. Such a context brings out the need for new developments on the existent economical theory. This study emphasises the “Human Capital” valorisation issue, considered by many as one of the most important organizational assets. This domain is still under investigation and reveals a major importance, for the explanation of economic growth and national development as well as the industrial and organizational competitiveness and value creation. Although being a matter of interest for all industries, our approach will focus on the Portuguese banking industry, looking for an approximate value of its “Human Capital”, using the workers average number of schooling years as a proxy to this matter. Finally, we investigate the hypothesis of a relationship between the human capital value and the industry’s performance.
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Kanté, Cheikh. "Antécédents et conséquences des modes de gestion du capital humain, organisationnel et relationnel : le cas des entreprises de l'UEMOA." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE0510.
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L’objet de cette recherche est d’étudier les moyens utilisés par les entreprises de l’Union Economique Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) pour développer leur capital immatériel. Deux questions principales sont évoquées : (i) pourquoi certaines entreprises privilégient-elles certains modes de gestion du capital immatériel plus que d’autres ? (ii) Ces modes de gestion de l’immatériel influencent-ils différemment la performance des entreprises de l’UEMOA ? Une étude empirique de 381 entreprises réparties dans huit (8) pays montre que les pratiques de gestion du capital immatériel diffèrent entre les pays et peuvent s’expliquer par des différences au niveau du climat des affaires et de la corruption dans le pays, des différences sectorielles et des variables spécifiques à chaque entreprise. Plus précisément, nous relevons le rôle complexe de la variable « corruption » qui incite à la fois à certaines actions favorables au capital immatériel et à une réticence des entreprises à lancer des innovations. Nous observons que l’orientation clients constitue une variable clé dans la gestion du capital immatériel. Les entreprises orientées vers leurs clients sont celles qui innovent le plus, adoptent les « bonnes pratiques » de gestion des ressources humaines et qui utilisent le plus la communication publicitaire pour développer leur notoriété. Les activités de gestion de l’immatériel, en retour, influencent indirectement la performance de l’entreprise car elles améliorent la notoriété, l’implicationThe purpose of this research is to study how companies operating in the Wertern African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) area proceed to develop their intangible assets. Two main questions were addressed: (i) why do some companies prefer some particular means for developing intangle assets more than others? And (ii) do the means used by companies to develop intangible assets lead to better performance? A cross-country investigation of 381 companies in eight (8) countries shows that cross-country differences in the management of intangible assets can be explained by the business climate and corruption, industry differences, and firm-specific factors. Regarding cross-country differences, we find that corruption plays a complex role in the sense that it both leads to more and less effort towards developing intangible assets. We also find that customer focus is a key variable in the management of intangible assets. Customer-focused companies innovate more, invest more in human resources, and are more enclined towards developing their brand equity through advertising. The actitivities designed to develop intangible assets, in return, indirectly lead to better firm performance as they increase company awareness levels, employee involvement, and the success of innovative activities
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Abdallah, Ana Claudia Karam. "A tutela jurídica do \"capital intelectual\" das sociedades empresárias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2132/tde-04012011-134221/.
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Na atual era pós-industrial, o conhecimento passa a ser o principal fator de produção da economia. De fato, ele confere à empresa seu maior diferencial competitivo no mercado globalizado: a inovação, ou seja, a capacidade de, continuamente, gerar novos produtos, processos e serviços ou aperfeiçoar os existentes. A organização da empresa em sociedade empresária possibilita a criação de conhecimento coletivo oriundo do trabalho profissional dos seus sócios, administradores e empregados, fato que originou a expressão capital intelectual, cunhada no âmbito econômico para designar o patrimônio empresarial de natureza intangível resultante de contribuições intelectuais. Como o Direito é precedido da evolução das sociedades e da Economia, nota-se a importância de sempre se buscarem soluções jurídicas às novas realidades socioeconômicas que surgem ao longo da história. Diante disso, a análise da natureza jurídica e das formas de tutela do capital intelectual torna-se imperativa para a identificação e apropriação privada desse patrimônio pela sociedade empresária, seja por meio do exercício de direitos de exclusivo, seja pela implementação de mecanismos de governança capazes de assegurar a diferenciação da atividade empresarial no mercado e a necessária coibição de práticas de concorrência desleal.In the current post-industrial age, knowledge becomes the main production factor of the economy. Indeed, it provides the company with its main competitive advantage in the globalized market: the innovation, that is, the capacity of continuously generating new products, processes and services or enhance the existing ones. The companys organization as business company allows the creation of collective knowledge arising from the professional work of its partners, officers and employees, which fact originated the term intellectual capital, created in the economic scope to designate the corporate equity of intangible nature resulting from intellectual contributions. As the Law came after the evolution of the companies and of the Economics, it is noted the importance of the constant search for legal solutions, the new socioeconomic realities that appear along the history. In view of that, the analysis of the legal nature and of the forms of protection of the intellectual capital becomes critical for the identification and private appropriation of such equity by the business company, either by means of the exercising of exclusive rights or by the implementation of governance mechanisms capable of ensuring the differentiation of the corporate activity in the market and the required restraining of unfair competition practices.
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Cunha, Jorge Luiz Vicente da. "Proposição de uma estrutura de indicadores para apoiar a gestão dos ativos intangíveis de capital intelectual em IFES." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179541.
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A sociedade está cada vez mais competitiva e baseada no conhecimento. Neste sentido, ganha significativa importância o estudo dos ativos intangíveis relacionados ao conhecimento, como pesquisa, inovação, relacionamentos, denominados Capital Intelectual (CI). Nos anos 90 surgem as primeiras experiências no ambiente industrial de identificar e mensurar estes ativos intangíveis, identificados como diferencial competitivo. Na virada do século, as instituições de ensino superior (IES) e centros de pesquisa também passam a perceber a importância da avaliação do CI, uma vez que estes ativos intangíveis são ao mesmo tempo seus principais insumos e também seus resultados. A partir de então, a literatura aponta diversas iniciativas para identificar, mensurar e gerir o CI das IES, entre outras motivações como forma de agregar valor às suas atividades de produção e disseminação do conhecimento. É neste contexto que se insere este trabalho que busca propor uma estrutura de indicadores para apoiar a gestão dos ativos intangíveis de CI das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES) A partir da revisão da literatura foi possível identificar características comuns às iniciativas existentes, em particular às relacionadas ao ambiente acadêmico. Com base nestas características optou-se pela divisão do CI em 3 componentes: humano, organizacional e relacional. Cada um destes componentes foi dividido em diferentes elementos intangíveis, e estes em indicadores. Durante a etapa de construção da proposta de estrutura foi necessário fazer alguns ajustes de forma a alinhar as experiências internacionais com a realidade das IFES brasileiras. Como forma de testar a eficiência da proposta foi realizado um estudo aplicado na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. O resultado deste estudo aplicado possibilitou a avaliação da estrutura e dos indicadores, ajustados ao contexto particular da instituição. Além disso, foi possível sugerir algumas formas de análise dos indicadores apurados, bem como identificar o peso de cada um deles no contexto da instituição.Society is increasingly competitive and knowledge-based. In this sense, is gaining importance the study of intangible assets related to knowledge, such as research, innovation, and relationships, called Intellectual Capital (CI). In the 90s, it occur the first experiences in the industrial environment to identify and measure these intangible assets, identified as a competitive differential. At the turn of the century, higher education institutions (HEI) and research centers also come to realize the importance of IC assessment, since these intangible assets are at the same time their main inputs and also their results. Since then, the literature points several initiatives to identify, measure and manage the HEI IC, among other motivations as a way of adding value to its activities of production and dissemination of knowledge. It is in this context that this work is inserted to seeks to propose a structure of indicators for the intangible assets of CI of Brazilian Federal Institutions of Higher Education (IFES). From the literature review it was possible to identify characteristics common to existing initiatives, in particular those related to the academic environment. Based on these characteristics, we chose to divide the IC into 3 components: human, organizational and relational Each of these components was divided into different intangible elements, and these into indicators. During the construction phase of the structure proposed it was necessary to make some adjustments in order to align the international experiences with the reality of the brazilian IFES. As a way to test the efficiency of the proposal, a study was carried out at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The results of this study allowed the validation of the structure and the indicators, adjusted to the particular context of the institution. In addition, it was possible to suggest some ways of analyzing the identified indicators, as well as to identify the weight of each of them in the context of the institution.
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Durán, Juvé Dunia. "Dirección estratégica del capital humano con base en el conocimiento. Análisis de conocimientos en empresas textiles y de la confección en España, La." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1479.
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En la presente tesis se analizan los aspectos más relevantes de la gestión del conocimiento, teniendo en cuenta las fases de la dirección estratégica.Se estudian también aspectos del capital humano y se ofrece una serie de procedimientos para la solución de problemas de índole emocional que pueden afectar al personal de la empresa. Dichos procedimientos pueden ser aplicables a las empresas objeto de estudio, es decir, a las empresas del sector textil y de la confección en España, realizándose un estudio que permite determinar cuáles son los rasgos principales del conocimiento de las personas, en función de los cargos directivos y mandos intermedios, estudios realizados, retribución y años de antigüedad, pudiendo servir de punto de partida para el estudio de un sistema de gestión del capital humano vinculado a la estrategia de la empresa.
PALABRAS CLAVE:
Dirección estratégica, capital humano, capital emocional, recursos humanos, gestión del conocimiento, capital intangible.
THESIS SUMMARY (English)
On this thesis will be analysed the most relevant points related to knowledge management.
A study of appearance of a human capital, also propose some methods to solve problems that are related to emotional feelings, including affecting group of employees. These methods can be applied on companies studies, that means, textiles and clothing companies in Spain. That can determine the most important range of the employees knowledge, and its related to each level of administration. Also analysing studies, wages and years worked. It can serve as a start for a study of a management system of human capital co-related to the company strategy.