Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Capital punishment – Law and legislation'
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Du, Plessis Jan Andriaan. "The impact of minimum sentence legislation on South African criminal law." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020037x.
Full textColyer, Greg Warren. "Is capital punishment a deterrent to crime?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1720.
Full textBurke, Daniel. "Morality in Law: Capital Punishment and the Mentally Retarded." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1111150529.
Full textGradwell, Adriaan. "A survey of teachers' attitudes towards corporal punishment after the abolition of corporal punishment." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 1999. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textRumble, Tony Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Synthetic equity and franked debt: capital markets savings cures." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Law, 1998. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17591.
Full textMiao, Michelle. "The politics of change : explaining capital punishment reform in China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:524671ef-31e8-42ee-8b8c-34d8f3c408ef.
Full textBraslaw, Truman. "An Arbitrary Death? Capital Punishment and the Supreme Court." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1398962476.
Full textBassi, Sasha. "Remedying Racial Discrimination in Capital Punishment: An Evaluation of the North Carolina Racial Justice Act." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/312.
Full textPetri, Hedwig. "A crime without punishment : policy advocacy for European Union Health and Safety legislation on harassment at work." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2001. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6244/.
Full textGitonga, Gitau Robert. "Legal and institutional frameworks as determinants of access to capital by developing countries." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7091_1215784196.
Full textThe objective of this research was to draw a relationship between legal and institutional frameworks in a country, and the competitiveness of that country as a destination for investment either as real investment or portfolio investment for infrastructure development.
Berry, William W. "Assessing proportionality in capital cases : a case study of Ohio." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b8870e77-83b1-41cf-a8cf-1ed5fe42aad1.
Full textPollard, Heather Ann. "Women executed by the state of Connecticut /." Abstract, 2009. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000573/01/2014Abstract.htm.
Full textThesis advisor: Katherine A. Hermes. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 1-7, third numbering). Abstract available via the World Wide Web.
Belczak, Daniel. ""Blood for Blood Must Fall": Capital Punishment, Imprisonment, and Criminal Law Reform in Antebellum Wisconsin." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1619464665680271.
Full textKarugonjo, Rose. "An analysis of capital punishment in Uganda in light of international standards and comparable case law." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1035.
Full textThesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2003.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
Garland, Ross. "Cross-citation in death penalty cases and the internationalisation of human rights." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5058e6e1-26f6-4207-8ce0-9fa80bde5e43.
Full textAl-Turki, Abdulrahman A. N. "Capital punishment for drug offences in Islam and its application in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325609.
Full textVartkessian, Elizabeth S. "Fatal distraction : does the Texas capital sentencing statute discourage the consideration of mitigating evidence?" Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:61962e9e-12eb-47a0-9edb-cfd0dea1001b.
Full textOram, Gerard Christopher. ""What alternative punishment is there?" : military executions during World War I." Thesis, [n.p.], 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
Full textDeng, Lin, and 鄧琳. "Critical assessment of the reform in respect of the statutory minimum registered capital system of the company law of China (2005) indealing with undercapitalization with reference to Hong Kong'sexperience." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42664226.
Full text湯任彌 and Yum-li Benjamin Tong. "Financing schemes for investment in China: identifying the optimal capital structure." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31264499.
Full textBellas, Christopher M. "“I Feel Your Pain”: How Juror Empathy Effects Death Penalty Verdicts." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1276566375.
Full textMirzoev, Rasul. "Utvisning på grund av brott." Thesis, Enskilda Högskolan Stockholm, Avdelningen för mänskliga rättigheter och demokrati, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ths:diva-1327.
Full textSchwarze, Corrinna Lina. "A critical analysis of the capital gains tax system for South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52627.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Capital gains tax has been introduced into the South African tax system for the first time, on all capital gains arising on or after 1 October 2001. The issue of whether a capital gains tax will be a suitable tax for South Africa has already been addressed in the form of Commission Reports. In these reports, the idea of adopting this tax system was not recommended for the South African tax system or only a limited capital gains tax was recommended. This study, however, investigates whether the legislation passed by government is in line with the basic principles of an efficient and effective tax system. Firstly, the principles of an efficient and effective tax system are set out as those originally proposed by Adam Smith as well as those that have been adapted to modern tax theory. The factors that impact on capital gains tax are identified and specific criteria are formulated against which the legislated capital gains tax is evaluated. The mechanics of the capital gains tax is discussed, classified into the factors that impact a capital gains tax and evaluated against the abovementioned criteria. lt has been held that the introduction of this new form of tax to the South African tax system addresses many inefficiencies and deficiencies in the current tax system. lt is the writer's opinion that an investigation as to the degree to which this tax system adheres to the principles of an effective and efficient tax system, was thus necessary. For the purposes of this investigation, the legislated capital gains tax was evaluated against the principles of neutrality, certainty and simplicity, administrative efficiency, flexibility, invisibility and equity (fairness, horizontal and vertical equity). lt was found that the principles of flexibility, fairness and horizontal equity are achieved. To a lesser extent, the principles of neutrality, certainty and simplicity, and administrative efficiency are achieved, and the principles of invisibility and vertical equity have not been achieved.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kapitaalwinsbelasting is nou vir die eerste keer deel van die Suid Afrikaanse belastingstelsel. Dit affekteer alle kapitale winste wat op of na 1 Oktober 2001 realiseer. Die vraagstuk oar die geskiktheid van kapitaalwinsbelasting vir Suid-Afrika is alreeds voorheen in die vorm van Kommissieverslae aangespreek. Geen, of slegs 'n beperkte kapitaalwinsbelasting is in hierdie verslae aanbeveel vir die Suid-Afrikaanse belastingstelsel. Die studie wat volg, ondersoek die mate waarin die wetgewing ten opsigte van kapitaalwinsbelasting aan die basiese beginsels van 'n effektiewe en doeltreffende belastingstelsel voldoen. Eerstens word die beginsels van 'n doeltreffende en effektiewe belastingstelsel uiteengesit as die soos oorspronklik voorgestel deur Adam Smith, asook die wat deur moderne belastingteorie aangepas is. Tweedens word die faktore wat kapitaalwins be·invloed ge·identifiseer en laastens word spesifieke kriteria geformuleer waarteen die kapitaalwinsbelasting geevalueer sal word. Die werking van die kapitaalwinsbelasting word bespreek, geklassifiseer in faktore wat 'n kapitaalwinsbelasting be·invloed en teen die bogenoemde kriteria geevalueer. Daar is beslis dat die toevoeging van hierdie vorm van belasting tot die Suid Afrikaanse belastingstelsel die ondoeltreffendheid en ander gebreke in die huidige belastingstelsel aanspreek. Dit is die skrywer se mening dat 'n ondersoek ten opsigte van die mate waartoe hierdie belastingstelsel die beginsels van 'n effektiewe en doeltreffende belastingstelsel nakom, dus nodig was. Vir die doeleindes van hierdie ondersoek, is kapitaalwinsbelasting geevalueer teen die beginsels van neutraliteit, sekerheid en eenvoudigheid, administratiewe doeltreffendheid, aanpasbaarheid, onsigbaarheid en billikheid (regverdigheid, horisontale en vertikale billikheid). Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat daar aan die beginsels van aanpasbaarheid, regverdigheid en horisontale billikheid voldoen word. Tot 'n minder mate, word daar aan die beginsels van neutraliteit, sekerheid en eenvoudigheid, en administratiewe doeltreffendheid voldoen. Daar word nie aan die beginsels van onsigbaarheid en vertikale billikheid voldoen nie.
Mohamed, Ismail. "Is South Africa's headquarter regime successful and does it go against national legislation? Are rewards from a customer loyalty programme capital or revenue in nature?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19744.
Full textPascoe, Daniel Charles. "An investigation of clemency and pardons in death penalty cases in Southeast Asia from 1975-2009." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4b852f9a-455f-40ed-88ae-889aae16e8c4.
Full textSloane, Justin. "A discussion and comparison of company legislation and tax legislation in South Africa, in relation to amalgamations and mergers." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013028.
Full textEvrigenis, Amelia. ""Death is Different" Jurisprudence and LWOP: Rethinking Life Without Parole in American Criminal Justice." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1037.
Full textStoots-Fonberg, Chasity Anne. "Misguided Instructions: Do Jurors Accurately Understand the Law in Death Penalty Trials?" [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0220103-232646/unrestricted/Stoots-FondbergC040303f.pdf.
Full textTitle from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0220103-232646. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
Ahmad, Rubi 1962. "Bank capital, risk and performance : Malaysia evidence." Monash University, Dept. of Accounting and Finance, 2005. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5121.
Full textWang, Qi, and 王祁. "Disclosure of internal control weaknesses and the capital market valuation of earnings surprise after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41290550.
Full textJolley, Patrick Arthur. "Race, aggravated murder, and the death sentence in Multnomah County, Oregon, 1984-1990 : a descriptive analysis and review." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4321.
Full textZoubi, Marwan M. Sharif (Marwan Mohd Sharif). "The Wealth Effect of the Risk-Based Capital Regulation on the Commercial Banking Industry." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278264/.
Full textPisarcik, KateLynn. "Determinants of the Death Penalty: An International Approach." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1485525653945287.
Full textOstler, Luise Marie. "The impact of estate planning on the effectiveness of estate duty as a wealth tax in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003741.
Full textRocha, João Franco Muniz da. "A permanência dos princípios judaico-cristãos do perdão e da pena no atual direito penal brasileiro." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=153.
Full textThis Works studies, departing from Deuteronomy, Law of Aliance principles permanence, arisen from divine source and commited to Chosen People obedience, in Brazilian Law. Considered as natural Law, since it is, already, in each man heart, it has directed, has led Jewish people destiny, based on a social equilibrium attained through, with pardon concession, in case of Law violation. Decalog, especially, in regard to the commandments related to rapports among men, assumes a Project of Life role that survived through History, to all the occurred changes. Among the last ones, secularization and radical transformations in economics and the aims pursued by State. Those Jewish-Christian religion principles permanence that rule penalty and pardon, in modern Penal Law from State source, meant for disciplining behaviours in so diversified society, is permanence, mark of the sacred
Burgason, Kyle Aaron. "Examination of the Death Penalty: Public Opinion of a Northeast Tennessee University Student Sample." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1744.
Full textGrebe, Alta-Mari. "The income tax implications resulting from the introduction of section 12N of the Income Tax Act." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020787.
Full textSmit, Jacobus Gideon. "Analysis of the interaction between the income tax and capital gains tax provisions applicable to share dealers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85830.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The interaction between the income tax provisions contained in sections 9B, 9C, 11(a) and 22 of the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 (the Act), and the capital gains tax (CGT) provisions of the Eighth Schedule of the Act, are complex and share dealers should approach the tax consequences of share dealing profits with caution. The objective of the assignment was to ensure that the share dealing profits of share dealers (who transact on revenue account) are taxed correctly, with specific reference to the interaction between the aforementioned provisions. This was achieved by considering tax cases, the interpretation notes of the South African Revenue Services (SARS) and commentary of tax writers. Examples of share disposals were incorporated to illustrate that consistency is required between the calculation of profits for income tax and CGT purposes. The guidelines laid down by case law to determine the revenue nature of share disposals were investigated. It was concluded that share dealing profits which are designedly sought for and worked for, either as part of a business operation or not, are of a revenue nature and taxable as such. The method of identification of shares sold as trading stock is important when calculating the income tax profit, since it is used in order to determine both which shares are sold as well as the cost of the shares sold. It was concluded that the method of identification applied in terms of generally accepted accounting practice (GAAP) is generally also acceptable from an income tax perspective. Section 9C of the Act provides a share dealer income tax relief when a ‘qualifying share’ is disposed of. Any amount received or accrued as a result of the disposal of a qualifying share is deemed to be of a capital nature, regardless of the revenue intention of the share dealer. Prior to 1 October 2007, section 9B of the Act provided similar relief to the disposal of an ‘affected share’. It was concluded that section 9C of the Act has a wider scope of application compared to section 9B of the Act. Because the proceeds received on the disposal of affected or qualifying shares are excluded from gross income, the acquisition costs previously incurred and deducted in respect of such shares must be included in taxable income. It was determined that the amount to be included in income is the actual cost of such shares and not the opening trading stock value determined in terms of GAAP and claimed in terms of section 22(2) of the Act. It was concluded that the first-in-first-out (FIFO) method of identification should be applied to determine which affected or qualifying shares have been disposed of. From a CGT perspective, it was illustrated that a share dealer loses the opportunity to choose which identification method to apply and is obliged to also apply the FIFO method in calculating the CGT base cost of the shares. It is concluded that the Eighth Schedule of the Act should be amended to clarify that the FIFO method should be applied for CGT purposes where sections 9B or 9C of the Act find application. Only then will the tax profits of a share dealer be in sync with his or her cash benefit.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die interaksie tussen die inkomstebelastingbepalings vervat in artikels 9B, 9C, 11(a) en 22 van die Inkomstebelastingwet No. 58 van 1962 (die Wet), en die kapitaalwinsbelastingbepalings (KWB bepalings) van die Agtste Bylae tot die Wet is kompleks en aandelehandelaars moet die belastinggevolge van aandelewinste met omsigtigheid benader. Die doelwit van die werkstuk was om te verseker dat die winste van aandelehandelaars (wat aandele verkoop op inkomsterekening) korrek belas word, met spesifieke verwysing na die interaksie tussen die voorgenoemde bepalings. Dit is bereik deur die oorweging van hofsake, uitlegnotas van die Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomstediens en kommentaar deur belastingskrywers. Voorbeelde van aandeleverkope is gebruik om te illustreer dat konsekwentheid tussen die berekening van winste vir inkomstebelasting en KWB-doeleindes ‘n vereiste is. Die riglyne wat deur regspraak daargestel is om die inkomste-aard van aandeleverkope vas te stel, is ondersoek. Daar is bevind dat aandelewinste wat opsetlik nagejaag word en voor gewerk word, ongeag of dit deel van die bedryf van 'n besigheid is al dan nie, van ‘n inkomste-aard is en aldus belasbaar is. Die metode van identifikasie van aandele wat as handelsvoorraad verkoop word is belangrik by die berekening die inkomstebelastingwins aangesien dit gebruik word om vas te stel watter aandele verkoop is en wat die koste van die verkoopte aandele is. Daar is bevind dat die metode wat ingevolge algemeen aanvaarde rekeningkundige praktyk (AARP) toegepas is, gewoonlik ook vir inkomstebelastingdoeleindes toelaatbaar is. Artikel 9C van die Wet verskaf aan ‘n aandelehandelaar inkomstebelastingverligting met die verkoop van 'n 'kwalifiserende aandeel' deurdat die bedrag ontvang of toegeval geag word van 'n kapitale aard te wees, ongeag die inkomstebedoeling van die aandelehandelaar. Voor 1 Oktober 2007 het artikel 9B van die Wet soortgelyke verligting verskaf met die verkoop van n 'geaffekteerde aandeel’. Daar is vasgestel dat artikel 9C van die Wet 'n wyer toepassing het in vergelyking met artikel 9B van die Wet. Omrede die opbrengs ontvang met die verkoop van geaffekteerde of kwalifiserende aandele uitgesluit word van bruto inkomste, moet die vorige aankoopskostes wat voorheen ten opsigte van die aandele aangegaan en afgetrek is, by belasbare inkomste ingesluit word. Daar is bepaal dat die bedrag wat by belasbare inkomste ingesluit word, die werklike koste van die aandele is en nie die AARP openingswaarde van handelsvoorraad wat ingevolge artikel 22(2) van die Wet geëis nie. Daar is bevind dat die eerste-in-eerste-uit (EIEU) metode van identifikasie gebruik moet word om te bepaal watter geaffekteerde of kwalifiserende aandele verkoop is. Vir KWB doeleindes verloor 'n aandelehandelaar ook die geleentheid om te kan kies watter identifikasiemetode toegepas moet word. Hy of sy is verplig om die EIEU metode toe te pas in die berekening van die KWB basiskoste van die aandele. Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die Agtste Bylae van die Wet gewysig moet word om te bevestig dat die EIEU metode toegepas moet word vir KWB doeleindes waar artikels 9B of 9C van die Wet van toepassing is. Slegs dan is die belasbare wins van 'n aandelehandelaar in lyn is met sy of haar kontantvoordeel.
Du, Plessis Izelle. "A South African perspective on some critical issues regarding the OECD model tax convention on income and on capital, with special emphasis on its application to trusts." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95878.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Trusts are used for a variety of purposes, both in South Africa and abroad. Like so many other entities, trusts often do not function only in one jurisdiction and may therefore be exposed to international double taxation. South Africa, like most other states, enters into bi-lateral double taxation treaties, to limit the effects of international double taxation. Most of these treaties are based on the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital (the OECD MTC). The South African trust is a unique creature. It is not based on the dual ownership concept on which most common law trusts are based, yet, it is not a juristic person either. The question that this research aims to address is how South Africa will interpret and apply certain provisions of the OECD MTC to trusts. Although the South African position is investigated, it is compared to the positions of the United Kingdom, Canada and the Netherlands. The dissertation starts with an analysis of the trust law in each of the relevant states, followed by an overview of the taxation regime governing trusts (and the parties thereto) in each state. The status of double taxation treaties and their interpretation are examined before certain critical provisions of the OECD MTC are analysed to determine how South Africa will apply these provisions to trusts. Hence it is explored whether a trust will be regarded as a person, whether it may be a resident and a beneficial owner for purposes of the OECD MTC. Furthermore, possible solutions for conflicts of attribution in the application of double tax conventions to trusts are investigated. The dissertation concludes that South Africa will regard a trust as a person for purposes of the OECD MTC. Moreover, some types of trusts may be viewed as residents and as beneficial owners for purposes of the OECD MTC. The solution proposed in the OECD’s Partnership Report should be applied to resolve conflicts of attribution involving trusts.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Trusts word vir ‘n groot verskeidenheid doeleindes gebruik, nie net in Suid-Afrika nie, maar ook in die buiteland. Net soos baie ander entiteite funksioneer trusts baie keer nie net in een jurisdiksie nie. Trusts word dus ook blootgestel aan internasionale dubbelbelasting. Soos die meeste ander state, sluit Suid-Afrika dubbelbelastingooreenkomste om die effek van internasionale dubbelbelasting te beperk. Die meeste van hierdie ooreenkomste is gebaseer op die OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital (die OECD MTC). Die Suid-Afrikaanse trust het ‘n unieke aard. Dit is nie gebaseer op die konsep van verdeelde eiendomsreg waarop die meeste gemeenregtelike trusts gebasseer is nie, maar tog is dit ook nie ‘n regspersoon nie. Die vraag wat hierdie navorsing probeer beantwoord is hoe Suid-Afrika sekere bepalings van die OECD MTC sal interpreteer en toepas op trusts. Alhoewel die Suid-Afrikaanse posisie ondersoek word, word dit deurgaans vergelyk met die posisie in die Verenigde Koningkryk, Kanada en Nederland. Die proefskrif begin met ‘n analise van die trustreg in elk van die betrokke state en word gevolg deur ‘n oorsig van die belastingstelsel wat trusts (en die partye daartoe) belas in elk van die state. Die status van dubbelbelastingooreenkomste en hul interpretasie word ondersoek voordat sekere kritiese bepalings van die OECD MTC geanaliseer word om vas te stel hoe Suid-Afrika hierdie bepalings sal toepas op trusts. Daar word dus ondersoek of ‘n trust beskou sal word as ‘n persoon, of dit ‘n inwoner en ‘n uiteindelik geregtigde kan wees vir doeleindes van die OECD MTC. Voorts word moontlike oplossings vir toerekeningskonflikte in die toepassing van dubbelbelastingooreenkomste op trusts, ondersoek. Die proefskrif kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat in Suid-Afrika die trust beskou sal word as ‘n persoon vir doeleindes van die OECD MTC. Verder sal sommige tipes trusts gesien word as inwoners en as uiteindelik geregtigdes vir doeleindes van die OECD MTC. Die oplossing voorgestel in die OECD se Verslag oor Vennootskappe behoort toegepas te word om toerekeningskonflikte op te los.
Попович, В. П., and V. P. Popovych. "Імплементація норм міжнародного гуманітарного права у кримінальне законодавство України: дисертація." Thesis, ЛьвДУВС, 2010. http://dspace.lvduvs.edu.ua/handle/1234567890/785.
Full textУ дисертації здійснено комплексне дослідження проблем імплементації норм міжнародного гуманітарного права у кримінальне законодавство України. Обґрунтовано вплив міжнародного гуманітарного права на розвиток кримінального законодавства України щодо криміналізації серйозних порушень його норм. Проведено порівняльно-правовий аналіз кримінального законодавства України та окремих зарубіжних держав. Розкрито зміст та основні ознаки імплементації міжнародного гуманітарного права у кримінальне законодавство України. Проаналізовано положення Кримінального кодексу України на відповідність міжнародно-правовим актам у сфері міжнародного гуманітарного права, а також загальновизнаним принципам та нормам міжнародного гуманітарного права. На підставі проведеного дослідження наведено висновки та сформульовано відповідні пропозиції щодо удосконалення національного кримінального законодавства. In dissertation complex research of problems of Implementation of norms of International Humanitarian Law is carried out in the Criminal Legislation of Ukraine. Influence of International Humanitarian Law is reasonable on development of Criminal Legislation of Ukraine in relation to establishment of criminal responsibility of serious violations of his norms. The comparatively-legal analysis of Criminal Legislation of Ukraine and separate foreign states is conducted. Maintenance and basic signs of Implementation of norms of International Humanitarian Law are exposed in the Criminal Legislation of Ukraine. Position of Criminal Code of Ukraine is analysed on accordance to the international documents in the field of International Humanitarian Law, and also to confessedly principles and norms of International Humanitarian Law. On the basis of the conducted research reasonable conclusions over are brought and corresponding suggestions are formulated in relation to an improvement national Criminal Legislation of Ukraine.
Nicodème, Gaëtan. "Essays on the empirics of capital and corporate tax competition." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210709.
Full textLe premier chapitre ‘Corporate Tax Competition and Coordination in the European Union: What do we know? Where do we stand? (Publié dans International Taxation Handbook) revisite la problématique de la concurrence fiscale dans l’Union Européenne, discute la littérature économique théorique et empirique sur la question et analyse les réponses politiques qui y sont apportées. Après avoir remis la problématique dans son contexte institutionnel, l’auteur compare les résultats provenant de la littérature avec les caractéristiques propres à l’Union Européenne, notamment en termes de l’étendue et des conséquences de la concurrence fiscale. Il passe ensuite en revue les questions théoriques et de mise en œuvre pratique que soulèvent une possible harmonisation et consolidation des bases fiscales de l’impôt des sociétés en Europe. Tout en gardant à l’esprit la diversité des solutions qui existent dans la mise en œuvre, il montre que l’harmonisation des bases fiscales est à même de générer des gains économiques. Le deuxième chapitre ‘Comparing Effective Corporate Tax Rates’ (à paraître dans Frontiers in Finance and Economics) passe en revue les méthodes de calcul de taux effectifs de l’impôt des sociétés. Le mérite de la contribution est non seulement d’offrir une typologie des ces taux mais également de montrer que leurs résultats sont très différents selon la méthode utilisée, que ce soit en niveau ou en classement des pays. L’auteur calcule également ces taux pour un échantillon de pays Européens avec une désagrégation sectorielle. Le troisième chapitre ‘Do Large Companies have Lower Effective Corporate Tax rates ?A European Survey’ utilise ces méthodes pour étudier s’il existe un lien entre les taux effectifs et la taille des entreprises. Utilisant de multiples méthodes d’estimation, l’auteur trouve un lien robuste et négatif entre le nombre d’employés et le taux effectif d’imposition des entreprises. Le quatrième chapitre ‘Foreign Ownership and Corporate Income Taxation :an Empirical Evaluation’ (co-auteur H. Huizinga et publié dans European Economic Review) constitue la première évaluation empirique pour l’Europe des théories d’exportation fiscale. Lorsque la mobilité du capital est imparfaite et que celui-ci est détenu par des actionnaires étrangers, les Etats ont un incitant à hausser la fiscalité pour exporter la charge fiscale sur ces actionnaires. L’étude empirique trouve une relation positive robuste entre le degré d’actionnariat étranger et la charge fiscale moyenne, validant ces théories. Le cinquième et dernier chapitre ‘Are International Deposits Tax Driven ?(Co-auteur H. Huizinga et publié dans Journal of Public Economics) analyse l’impact de l’imposition de l’épargne et de la fortune ainsi que de l’échange d’informations fiscales sur les dépôts bancaires internationaux. Utilisant des données bilatérales confidentielles de la BRI, l’étude montre que ces variables fiscales ont un impact sur ces dépôts, suggérant qu’ils sont en partie effectués pour éluder l’impôt.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Beck, Tracy Geraldine. "A critical analysis of the definition of gross income." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/805.
Full textEvans, Christopher Charles Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "The operating costs of taxing the capital gains of individuals : a comparative study of Australia and the UK, with particular reference to the compliance costs of certain tax design features." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Law, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20738.
Full textChaves, Marcelo Antonio. "Da periferia ao centro da(o) capital : perfil dos trabalhadores do primeiro complexo cimenteiro do Brasil : São Paulo, 1925-1945." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281764.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
O exemplar do AEL pertence a Coleção CPDS
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Resumo: A primeira grande fábrica de cimento do país, inaugurada em 1926, no bairro de Perus, em São Paulo, determina o recorte temático desta dissertação. As circunstâncias de sua instalação, a articulação com outros empreendimentos ¿ indústria de cal e transporte ferroviário -, a produção de uma mercadoria fundamental para a expansão urbana ¿ o cimento - e o singular processo de produção/trabalho da fábrica, introduzem a escrita. Entretanto, o enfoque privilegiado e articulador deste trabalho é a reflexão sobre os diversos aspectos da vida dos trabalhadores da fábrica e das pedreiras, onde o momento da produção e da reprodução da força de trabalho se confundem. Meu trabalho é fundamentado, principalmente, em fontes documentais primárias, destacando-se a exposição, cruzamento e análise de dados extraídos de 1500 fichas de trabalhadores. Assim, procuro identificar as condições de vida e de trabalho das primeiras gerações de trabalhadores da fábrica de cimento, entre os anos de 1925 e 1947: migração e imigração, nacionais e estrangeiros, negros e brancos, grau de instrução, salários, estabilidade no emprego, acidentes de trabalho, entre outros. Além de expor inúmeros dados empíricos que revelam mais detalhes daquele rico período da história do Brasil, nesta pesquisa, tem destaque também a conflituosa e ambígua trajetória de criação do primeiro sindicato dos trabalhadores, em 1933, buscando, através dela, problematizar e ilustrar a não menos ambígua e complexa história dos primeiros momentos de instalação do sindicalismo oficial no Brasil
Abstract: The first great cement factory of Brazil, inaugurated in 1926 in the neighbourhood of Perus, in São Paulo, determines the thematic focus of this dissertation. The circumstances of its construction, its articulation with other enterprises ¿ limestone industry and railroad transport -, the production of a basic element for the urban expansion - cement - and the singular production/work process of the factory open the writing. However, the main focus of this work is a reflection on the diverse aspects of the life of workers from the factory and from the quarries, where the moments of production and of reproduction of the work force blend in with one another. My work is based mainly in primary documentary sources, emphasizing the exposition, comparing and analysis of data extracted from 1500 worker¿s profile records. Thus, I try to identify the life and work conditions of the first generations of workers from the cement factory between the years of 1925 and 1947: migration and immigration; natives and foreigners; black and white; degree of instruction; wages; stability in the job; industrial accidents, among others. Besides displaying innumerable empirical data which disclose more details about that rich period of Brazil¿s history, this research also highlights the conflicting and ambiguous trajectory of the creation of the first workers trade union, in 1933, attempting through that to discuss and illustrate the not less ambiguous and complex history of the first moments of the institution of the official unionism in Brazil
Mestrado
Historia Social do Trabalho
Mestre em História Social do Trabalho
García-Moncó, Alfonso M. "L'article 58 du Traité: une réserve de souveraineté fiscale face à la libre circulation des capitaux." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211830.
Full textFurlan, Karolina. "CFC-reglerna : -en studie av den svenska CFC-lagstiftningen och dess förenlighet med internationella åtaganden i form av skatteavtal baserade på OECD:s modellavtal beträffande inkomst och förmögenhet." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-822.
Full textDen svenska CFC-lagstiftningens förenlighet med internationella åtaganden i form av skatteavtal baserade på OECD:s modellavtal har varit ett omdiskuterat ämne inom svensk lagstiftning under mer än ett decennium. Tvistigheten kring CFC-lagstiftningens förenlighet med skatteavtal förekommer också i andra medlemsstater av OECD.
Den svenska CFC-lagstiftningen tillämpas sedan 1 januari 2004. Rättsföljden av lagstiftningen framgår av 39 a kap. 13 § IL. Syftet med CFC-lagstiftningen är att förhindra en erosion av den svenska skattebasen. Utan CFC-lagstiftning skulle en skattebetalare kunna etablera företag i lågbeskattde jurisdiktioner enbart i syfte att minska den totala skattebördan. Genom att tillämpa CFC-lagstiftningen beskattas en delägare löpande för sitt innehav i den utländska juridiska personen.
Enligt förarbeten är CFC-lagstiftningen förenlig med de svenska skatteavtalen. Lagstiftaren lägger stor vikt vid ordalydelsen i kommentarerna till OECD:s modellavtal. OECD rekommenderar medlemsstaterna att tillämpa lagstiftningen.
Uppsatsen visar att CFC-lagstiftningen är förenlig med skatteavtal baserade på OECD:s modellavtal. Syftet med skatteavtal är att förhindra juridisk dubbelbeskattning. CFC-lagstiftningen ger upphov till ekonomisk dubbelbeskattning. Diskussionen gällande CFC-lagstiftningens förenlighet med skatteavtal beror på kommentarernas rättsliga verkan samt därtill framställda anmärkningar.
The Swedish CFC legislation and its compatibility with international commitments in form of tax treaties based on OECD Model have been disputed in the Swedish legislation for more than a decade. Whether CFC legislation is compatible with tax treaties is also disputed in many other Member States of the OECD.
The Swedish controlled foreign company legislation entered into force on 1 January 2004. The legal effect of the legislation is covered in chapter 39 a, section 10 of the Swedish Income Tax Act. The basic purpose of CFC legislation is to prevent an erosion of the Swedish tax basis. Without CFC regulations a taxpayer would be free to establish companies in low-tax jurisdictions for the sole purpose of reducing the overall tax burden. By applying the legislation a Swedish resident shareholder will be taxed on all the income that is attributed from a foreign subsidiary, regardless of when the income is distributed.
In the preparatory works the government argues that the CFC legislation is compatible with Sweden’s tax treaties, based on OECD Model. The government’s opinion is mostly based on the statement in the Commentary to the OECD Model. The legislation is recommended by the OECD.
This thesis concludes that the CFC legislation is compatible with tax treaties based on the OECD Model. The purpose with tax treaties is to avoid juridical double taxation. The CFC-legislation gives rise to economic double taxation. Therefore the legislation can be justified. The discussion of the CFC legislation compatible with tax treaties depends of the relevance of the Commentary but also on observations given to the Commentaries.
Luggya, Daniel. "A case study of stakeholders' perceptions of the management implications of the discipline provisions of the 1996 Schools Act in a rural Eastern Cape high school." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006156.
Full textBzowski, Guillaume. "L'instrumentalisation fiscale du droit de propriété." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020029/document.
Full textLegal ownership is one of the main pillars on which tax law is based and around which property taxation revolves. It appears that tax optimisation is merely about improving the tax consequences of a legal operation based on the manipulation of legal ownership. The means used to shape the property rights affect the legal and tax consequences. Is such manipulation of legal ownership for tax purposes subject to a fixed rule? Does this rule allow to draw a categorisation of all instruments used in order to exploit legal ownership for tax purposes? It appears that these instruments are but legal mechanisms. They consist either in a deconstruction of ownership itself or of its value, or in a specific ownership assignment in legal or spatiotemporal terms
Gendry, Thaïs. "Le droit de tuer, La peine de mort au service de l’ordre colonial en Afrique occidentale française, 1900-1950." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0059.
Full textThe justice handed out in the French colonies of West Africa is not a by-product of French metropolitan justice. Oblivious to the separation of power, while being authoritarian and racialized, it is a distinctive way of organizing the right to punish and the right to kill. The death penalty has a scarce historiography in the French empire. It is also marginal in studies pertaining to colonial tools of power, law and order. Yet, it is the culmination of a process central to the establishment and maintenance of colonial domination: the separation between a legitimate right to kill and other types of illegitimate lethal violence. This dissertation explores the role played by the death penalty in the context of French West Africa between 1900 and 1950.The death penalty is analysed as a space where the fundamentals of colonial policies are deployed. Condemnation and executions generate and circulate colonial discourses about African behaviour, giving rise to criminal and enemy figures that ought to be eliminated. The staging of legitimate violence, within courts and by firing squads, continuously re-enacts divisions of power, of status (citizen/subject), of race and culture—the very pillars of the colonial order
Kumari, Krishna A. "A study of capital punishment in India." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3945.
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