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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Capital market – Poland

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Academic literature on the topic 'Capital market – Poland'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Capital market – Poland"

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Grzegorek, Jan, Dariusz Prokopowicz, Adrian Chojan, and Mirosław Matosek. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BANKING SYSTEM IN POLAND DETERMINED BY THE PROCESSES OF ADJUSTMENT TO THE NORMATIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL STANDARDS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND CONTEMPORARY PROCESSES OF ECONOMIC AND INFORMATIONAL GLOBALIZATION." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 339–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0022.

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The current processes of economic and information globalization are mainly related to the successively progressing integration of financial markets, the development of ICT and Internet technologies. The liberalization of capital flows, progressing since the 1970s, was determined by many economic and political factors, including the modification of the international monetary system. The main determinants of economic and information globalization include such processes as liberalization of capital flows, deregulation of international financial markets and progress in the field of ICT. These processes constituted favorable conditions for the reconstruction of the market financial system, including the banking sector in Poland in the 1990s. Since the beginning of the systemic and economic transformation that has been taking place in Poland since 1989, the banking system and capital market institutions have been rebuilt. It referred to the Warsaw Stock Exchange market institutions, taking into account the opening of the economy to foreign capital. Foreign financial corporations taking over domestic banking entities in Poland have introduced their modern transactional and teleinformation technologies and new standards for entering into financial transactions. These processes were the main determinants of economic and information globalization that has been made in Poland since the 1990s.

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Lin, Carol Y. Y. "Intellectual capital of South Africa: a comparison with Poland and Romania." Journal of Intellectual Capital 19, no. 3 (May 14, 2018): 498–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-12-2016-0146.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to uncover the national intellectual capital (NIC) of South Africa by making comparisons with Poland and Romania. Design/methodology/approach Based on a database of an NIC measurement model spanning 2001-2015, this study plotted the development trend of the NIC and its component capitals – human, market, process and renewal capitals. Their correlations with GDP per capita (ppp) (GDP hereinafter) were also presented. Findings The NIC of South Africa is lower than that of both Poland and Romania. Except for the increase of its human capital together with its GDP, the other capitals have lower relevance. Poland experienced highly correlated growth for its NIC and GDP, shedding light for South Africa. The qualitative findings are also reported. Research limitations/implications The IMD database carries South African data only for the African continent. Therefore, this paper cannot cover other countries from the continent. Practical implications There are three implications from both the quantitative and qualitative analyses: initiate national transformation from the two core issues of education and health; invite and provide attractive incentives for South African returnees from abroad and members of local private sectors to take part in the national transformation efforts; and learn from the NIC development pattern of Poland and Romania by investing in market capital and process capital as soon as possible for faster results. Social implications The research findings of this paper unveil the root of the social problems in South Africa, including education, health, high unemployment and so on. Suggestions are provided for mid-term and long-term potential solutions. Originality/value This paper demonstrates the value of an NIC in the economically successful Poland whose growth and GDP growth occurred at a similar pace.

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Tarczynski, Waldemar. "The development of the capital market in Poland." International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies 1, no. 2/3 (2008): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijepee.2008.019264.

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Podogrodzka, Małgorzata. "Diversity of Human Capital in Poland’s Labor Market." Kwartalnik Ekonomistów i Menedżerów 39, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.7513.

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The purpose of the article is to analyze diversity of human capital in Poland within 2001‑2011 in relation to the situation in local labor markets (regions and provinces). The analyses is based on verifying the hypothesis of lack of human capital diversity in Poland, no changed recorded to its image within the time span under review and the fact that the quality of human capital determines the situation in the job markets throughout the country. The analysis proves that employment and unemployment does not influence human capital – its quality is determined by text age education and death rate.

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Sosnowski, Tomasz. "Comparative Analysis of Private Equity Market in Poland and Other Central and Eastern European Countries." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 13, no. 5 (May 9, 2011): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10103-010-0005-8.

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The main goal of this article is an analysis of the development stage attained by the private equity market in Poland and its comparison with similar markets in other countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The main emphasis has been laid on the very essence of this source of capital and its importance for development of small and medium-sized enterprises. The performed analysis has allowed to verity the hypothesis saying that private equity funds in Poland display a greater involvement in comparison with such funds in the remaining countries of this region, which is confirmed by the value of capital invested in Polish enterprises and the value of divestments in Poland. The empirical data used in this article come from statistical reports of the European Private Equity and Venture Capital Association.

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Rollnik-Sadowska, Ewa, Marta Jarocka, and Ewa Glińska. "TAXONOMIC ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY OF LOCAL LABOUR MARKETS IN POLAND." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 6 (May 25, 2018): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3194.

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The situation in the labour market is conditioned by many factors that often have a local dimension. Identification of different levels of development of labour demand as well as potential of labour supply on the local level is a crucial element of diagnosis of reasons for regional and local diversity and implementation of an appropriate labour market policy. As there is available a variety of indicators describing regional labour relations, there is a need to create synthetic measure to include different aspects of the labour market situation. The aim of the paper is identification of the diversity of the situation in the local labour markets of all 16 Polish voivodeships. At the first step, a synthetic measure including eight variables was created. At the second stage 16 Polish voivodeships were clustered following Ward’s and k-means methods. As the authors assume that the position of voivodeship labour markets is connected with the position of capital cities, the analysis was deepened by ranking voivodeship cities based on Hellwig’s method. As a result of conducted research and the classification of Polish voivodeships and their capital cities in the context of the situation in the labour market, there have been identified the reasons of regions’ positions and proposed recommendations for the labour market policy.

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Sieradzka, Katarzyna. "Sources of financing for innovative business activities in Poland." Central European Review of Economics & Finance 22, no. 6 (December 31, 2017): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2017.025.

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Financing of innovative business activities at early stages of their development is an extremely important condition of their growth. Start-ups, facing limited access to the formal capital market, look for an alternative. This is the informal market of capital investors, venture capital funds, and increasingly popular crowdfunding. It is the objective of this paper to analyse and evaluate sources of financing for innovative start-ups.

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Meluzin, Tomas, and Marek Zinecker. "Trends in IPOS: the evidence from cee capital markets." Equilibrium 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2016.015.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate IPO developments across five CEE countries between 2003 and 2012. Using a wider range of methods and different data sets we intend to complement the previous research. Applying descriptive statistics, relevant local developments are analysed first before being compared with leading European markets (London Stock Exchange and Deutsche Börse). We also investigated the assumption that a growing market has an explanatory power for the accelerating IPO activity. For this purpose we performed a Spearman correlation analysis. The data were evaluated at the significance level of α = 5 %. All CEE capital markets recorded strong dynamism over the observed period. All fundamental capital market parameters increase the attractiveness of individual capital markets, although their values lag behind developed European capital countries. The sole leader in the region is Poland with a flourishing IPO market. Our assumption that a growing market has a positive impact on IPO activities could not be supported by empirical evidence.

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Jóźwicki, Rafał, Paweł Trippner, and Karolina Kłos. "Algorithmic Trading and Efficiency of the Stock Market in Poland." Finanse i Prawo Finansowe 2, no. 30 (June 30, 2021): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2391-6478.2.30.05.

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The aim of the article is to investigate the impact of algorithmic trading on the returns obtained in the context of market efficiency theory. The research hypothesis is that algorithmic trading can contribute to a better rate of return than when using passive investment strategies. Technological progress can be observed in many different aspects of our lives, including investing in capital markets where we can see changes resulting from the spread of new technologies. The methodology used in this paper consists in confronting a sample trading system based on classical technical analysis tools with a control strategy consisting in buying securities at the beginning of the test period and holding them until the end of this period. The results obtained confirm the validity of the theory of information efficiency of the capital market, as the active investment strategy based on algorithmic trading did not yield better results than the control strategy.

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Gruszczyńska-Brożbar, Elżbieta. "INSTITUTIONAL CONDITIONING OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITAL MARKET IN POLAND." Ekonomia i Prawo 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2006): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/eip.2006.018.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Capital market – Poland"

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Gogoneaţă, Basarab. "A comparative analysis of efficiency and functioning of capital markets from Germany, Poland and Hungary /." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=012930509&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Gogoneaţă, Basarab [Verfasser]. "A Comparative Analysis of Efficiency and Functioning of Capital Markets from Germany, Poland and Hungary / Basarab Gogoneata." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1170539009/34.

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Lloyd, Douglas Steven. "Linking housing and capital markets in the former Soviet Bloc : the status of residential mortgage bond and secondary markets in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Russia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8264.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-99).
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Russian Federation ("Russia") and former soviet satellite countries and republics of Central and Eastern Europe ("Soviet Bloc") have struggled with privatizing housing and establishing market-based residential mortgage systems. This thesis addresses the recent efforts of three former Soviet Bloc countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland) to fund residential mortgage lending through the use of mortgage bonds and capital markets (wholesale lending). This European lending market is different and, in many ways, a competitor to residential mortgage securitization, an American method of accessing capital markets. For comparison, this thesis addresses efforts to connect Russia's residential mortgage markets to domestic and international capital markets. The thesis concludes that the residential mortgage markets in these four countries remain in the early stages of development and that the current benefits of mortgage bond and mortgage-backed securities in such stages remain unclear.
by Douglas S. Lloyd.
S.M.

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Machado, Miguel Carduck Borba. "The missing piece : a study of capital market underdevelopment in Poland." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/34953.

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The Polish economy has been growing sharply since the collapse of communism in the country, in 1990. The steady inflow of foreign direct investment, along with Poland’s sizeable and skilled labor force, enabled the country to achieve this consistent output growth. The adoption of the free market and accession to the European Union enabled Poland to approach the level of the world’s most advanced economies. Despite this economic progress, the development of Polish capital markets has not been as successful. This study analyzes the financial markets in Poland and seeks to determine the main causes for their underdevelopment. Data was collected from literature on the topic and experts in different areas to identify which barriers should be prioritized by the Polish government. Lack of trust in the market by the Polish population, low levels of investable capital and insufficient attractiveness of the market to companies are shown to be the biggest problems needing to be addressed to advance towards fully efficient capital markets in the country.
A economia Polaca tem crescido em flecha desde o colapso do comunismo no país, em 1990. Altos níveis de investimento estrangeiro direto, em conjunto com a quantidade e qualidade de mão de obra na Polónia possibilitaram este crescimento contínuo e consistente na produção. A adoção do mercado livre e a entrada na União Europeia permitiram à Polónia alcançar os níveis das economias mais avançadas mundialmente. Apesar deste progresso económico, o desenvolvimento dos mercados capitais Polacos não teve o mesmo tipo de sucesso. Este estudo analisa os mercados financeiros Polacos e tem como objetivo determinar as principais causas para o seu subdesenvolvimento. Dados qualitativos foram obtidos através de literatura sobre o tema e de peritos em diferentes áreas para identificar as barreiras que o governo Polaco deve priorizar. A ausência de interesse em investimentos por parte da população Polaca, o baixo nível de capital para investimento e a falta de interesse dos mercados por parte das empresas são identificados como sendo os maiores problemas a resolver no progresso para a criação de mercados mais eficientes.

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MARKIEWICZ, Olga. "Local markets, global rules : different pathways to capital market standardization in Poland and the Czech Republic." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/25200.

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Examining Board: Professor László Bruszt, European University Institute (Supervisor); Professor Sven Steinmo, European University Institute; Professor Milada Vachudova, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Professor David Levi-Faur, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Defence date: 11 December 2012
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis seeks to explain the variation in pathways to the convergence with transnational standard in capital market governance in two countries from Central and Eastern Europe / Poland and the Czech Republic. Although markets for shares in these countries are now governed in similar way and in line with transnational principles, their openness to external governance model varied, and they adopted it at different speed and accuracy. While in Poland the transfer of rules was voluntary and preceded the opening of market, the Czechs resisted the standard solutions. This thesis shows that theoretical approaches which focus on the mechanisms of transnational norm taking cannot fully explain why two countries which shared many similarities and were under the influence of the same external actors acted so differently when it came to organizing capital market governance. Membership incentives offered by the European Union were not necessary to elicit convergence in one case and they were not sufficient in another. At the same time transnational capital market community, which diffused capital market governance standards, had a profound effect on one country eliciting deep and sustainable convergence, and negligible impact on another. By distinguishing between different degrees of convergence and focusing on the interplay of domestic and external factors, this thesis finds that variation in the pathways to the adoption of a standard capital market governance regime is a function of domestic vulnerability and external intervention. Vulnerability refers to the constellation of factors, both political and economic, that endanger an elite’s hold on power. External intervention refers to coercive and non-coercive tools of influence used by different types of external actors: the transnational community and transnational hierarchy. This thesis demonstrates that a substantial and sustainable convergence with transnational standards in capital market governance could be attained by both the transnational hierarchy and transnational community, provided that the level of domestic vulnerability is extremely high. When the level of domestic vulnerability is low both types of transnational actors can attain only limited convergence / a situation in which transnational norms are adopted in selective manner, or are fully adopted but not observed.

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Books on the topic "Capital market – Poland"

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Polski, Narodowy Bank. Financial market in Poland, 1998-2001. Warsaw: Narodowy Bank Polski, 2002.

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Bury, Andrzej, Piotr Sota, and Joanna Haag. Financial markets in Poland = Instytucje finansowe w Polsce. 4th ed. Warszawa: CeDeWu Sp. z o.o.-Consulting and Publishing Centre, 2001.

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Nadzór Komisji Nadzoru Finansowego nad rynkiem kapitałowym w Polsce. Bydgoszcz: Brantam, 2009.

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Private equity in Poland: Winning leadership in emerging markets. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Szypowska, Maria. Tablice pamięci Starego i Nowego Miasta w Warszawie, Stolicy Polski =: Memorial plaques of the Old and the New Town in Warsaw, the capital of Poland. Warszawa: Fundacja Artibus, 2005.

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Rationality, Nationalism and Post-Communist Market Transformations: A Comparative Analysis of Belarus, Poland and the Baltic States. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Savchenko, Andrew. Rationality, Nationalism and Post-Communist Market Transformations: A Comparative Analysis of Belarus, Poland and the Baltic States. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Savchenko, Andrew. Rationality, Nationalism and Post-Communist Market Transformations: A Comparative Analysis of Belarus, Poland and the Baltic States. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Savchenko, Andrew. Rationality, Nationalism and Post-Communist Market Transformations: A Comparative Analysis of Belarus, Poland and the Baltic States. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Savchenko, Andrew. Rationality, Nationalism and Post-Communist Market Transformations: A Comparative Analysis of Belarus, Poland and the Baltic States. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Capital market – Poland"

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Dietl, Marek, and Dariusz Zarzecki. "Emergence of developed capital market in Poland." In Understanding the Polish Capital Market, 1–24. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003298069-1.

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Kaźmierska-Jóźwiak, Bogna. "Stock Market Reactions to Dividend Announcements: Evidence from Poland." In Effective Investments on Capital Markets, 393–404. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21274-2_27.

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Witold, Wiśniewski Jerzy, Sokołowska Ewelina, and Wu Jinghua. "The Mechanisms of Changes in the Infrastructure of the Payment Card Market—A Comparative Analysis of Poland and China." In Effective Investments on Capital Markets, 457–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21274-2_31.

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Majewska, Agnieszka, and Urszula Gierałtowska. "Diversification of the Equity Portfolio Using Precious Metals in Poland." In Effective Investments on Capital Markets, 271–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21274-2_19.

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Miłobędzki, Paweł, and Sabina Nowak. "The Co-movement of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland Sovereign Credit Default Swaps Spreads." In Effective Investments on Capital Markets, 285–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21274-2_20.

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Pulawski, Mieczyslaw, and Ryszard Rapacki. "Privatization and Capital Market Development in Poland." In Financial Market Restructuring in Selected Central European Countries, 23–43. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429456985-3.

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Lemonnier, Mariola. "Poland: Investor Protection in the Polish Capital Market – Selected Issues." In Global Securities Litigation and Enforcement, 517–36. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316258118.014.

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Grabowski, Wojciech. "Stock Markets of the Visegrad Countries after Their Accession to the European Union." In Banking and Finance. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92102.

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In this chapter, interlinkages between stock markets in CEE-4 countries and capital markets in developed countries are analyzed. Changes of variance on stock markets in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary are identified. Differences among countries are analyzed. Capital markets of these countries are compared in terms of market efficiency. Moreover, co-movements of stock markets in Visegrad countries with capital markets in developed countries are studied. Different specifications of multivariate GARCH models are studied. Asymmetric GARCH-BEKK model and Asymmetric Generalized Dynamic Conditional Correlation model are considered.

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"Testing Weak-Form Efficiency and Long-Term Causality of the Emerging Capital Markets in Romania, India, Poland, and Hungary." In Emerging Research on Monetary Policy, Banking, and Financial Markets, 177–97. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9269-3.ch008.

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The main purpose of this chapter is testing weak-form efficiency and long-term causality of the emerging capital markets in Romania, India, Poland and Hungary. According to Spulbar and Birau, the empirical analysis is focused on BET index (Romania), WIG 20 index (Poland), BSE index (India) and BUX index (Hungary) from January 2000 to July 2018. The empirical results revealed that there is no long-term causality between the selected emerging stock markets analyzed during the period of January 2000 to July 2018. The book chapter provides additional empirical evidence of emerging capital markets behavior since the empirical analysis revealed that ADF t statistics rejected the null hypotheses of a unit root, so the selected financial data series are stationary in all selected cases. Moreover, the empirical results have revealed that the efficient market hypothesis has not been validated and there is no long-term causality between the selected emerging stock markets during the sample period from January 2000 to July 2018.

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Han, Jongmin, Abílio Pereira Pacheco, and José Coelho Rodrigues. "Analyzing the EU forestry sector to seek new market opportunities using Minimum Spanning Tree based clustering analysis." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 839–43. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_127.

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To enhance the economic viability and address the labour shortage in the forestry industry, alternative solutions using robotization and automation are emerging. However, due to technological barriers and lack of solid business models, successful commercialization in the forestry sector is yet to be challenging. As an initial market analysis for developing a business model for new forestry machineries, this study was conducted to reveal clusters of EU countries to seek the potential market opportunities outside of Portugal. To identify similar market conditions and restrictions, EU countries were clustered using a hierarchical clustering algorithm and selection of variables while considering the geographic, economic, and social conditions of each country. Preliminary results showed that Austria and Poland had similar social capital and geographic conditions.

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Conference papers on the topic "Capital market – Poland"

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Brożek, Katarzyna, Beata Poteralska, and Joanna Łabędzka. "INFLUENCE OF SELECTED HUMAN RESOURCES ATTRIBUTES ON THE CONDITION OF THE LABOR MARKET IN POLAND." In 12th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2022“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2022.822.

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The aim of the article was to identify statistically significant determinants of human capital influencing the condition of the labour market in Poland. The resources of public statistics were used to collect empirical data. The collected data was developed using the technique of estimating the structural parameters of the regression function using the classical method of least squares (LSM). Due to the diversity of human capital factors, 4 thematic areas were identi-fied, defined by 11 predictors describing the attributes of human capital. All the variables turned out to be statistically significant and had a positive effect on the improvement of the labour market condition in Poland, measured by the unemployment rate. The practical implication of the study is to obtain information about the significance level of the studied variables. This allows us to conclude which attributes of human capital have the greatest impact on the situation on the labour market. On this basis, it is possible to decide on taking actions aimed at creating human capital through the use of tools intended to reduce unemployment. The study should be considered preliminary due to limitations only 4 areas – Science, Information Society, Innovation and Technology in 2011–2020 were analyzed. Conclusions may con-tribute to further in-depth research.

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KŁOCZKO-GAJEWSKA, Anna. "SOCIAL CAPITAL IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES IN POLAND AND LITHUANIA." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.090.

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Poland and Lithuania are neighbouring countries that belonged to socialist block and entered European Union in 2004, and where approximantely 1/3 of the population lives in rural areas. The author analysed to what extent social capital, a recognised development factor, is included in Rural Development Programmes (Plans) for these countries between 2004 and 2020. It was revealed that the first plans did not pay too much attention to social issues, as they concentrated mostly on farming and entering the common market. In the Lithuanian plan there was also the LEADER initiative. In the next plans more concern on cooperation appeared. In both of the countries

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Roszkowska-Mądra, Barbara, and Paulina Łupińska. "Role of Leasing in Financing Business Activity of Enterprises in Poland." In The XX International Scientific Conference "Functioning of Investments Financed from State Resources and from Other Sources in The Countries of Central And Eastern Europe". Temida 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/ipf.2022.18.

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The development of enterprises requires permanent investment and searching for sources of effective support for business activity. Therefore, when entrepreneurs create new development opportunities, they look for appropriate sources of support for the activities of enterprises. In the opinion of entrepreneurs, such an attractive source of financial support is leasing. Due to the benefits of leasing business activities, more and more business entities in Poland have decided to use this form of obtaining capital. The aim of the study is an attempt to define the significance and role of leasing in financing economic activity of enterprises in Poland. Firstly, based on the literature review, the essence, types, advantages and disadvantages of leasing were presented, and an attempt was made to evaluate the current market of leasing services in Poland and the prospects for its development. Secondly, based on the results of a survey of a representative sample of entrepreneurs in Podlasie Province (North-west Poland) their opinion on the importance of leasing as a form of enterprise support was presented. The conducted research has shown that leasing is a willingly chosen source of financing business activity. According to entrepreneurs, favorable financing conditions as well as understandable and easy procedures turned out to be important properties, characteristic of leasing. The results of the conducted research provide knowledge about the advantages, disadvantages, availability and profitability of leasing, noticed by entrepreneurs in the studied region. They are of pure scientific and application significance, making it possible to predict the nature of the leasing market in Poland in the near future.

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DUDEK, Michał, and Bożena KARWAT-WOŹNIAK. "BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES IN INCREASING RURAL EMPLOYMENT: LABOUR RESOURCES AND SELECTED POLICY INSTRUMENTS. THE CASE OF EU COHESION POLICY AND COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY INTERVENTIONS IN POLAND." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.155.

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An important feature of many rural markets is the over-supply of labour. An insufficient number of jobs in rural areas is usually associated with the shortage of capital, companies, consumers and skilled workers, i.e. limited impact of the agglomeration effect. Additionally, in regions with structural changes in agriculture, the phenomenon of increased or hidden unemployment is visible. One of the important objectives of labour market policy in Poland was a promotion of employment, especially in peripheral, poor and agricultural territories. Along with the accession of Poland to the EU, both agricultural and cohesion policy instruments supported by the structural funds have also been aimed at resolving the problems of rural labour markets. They concerned mainly the diversification of agricultural activities, support of entrepreneurship, as well as development of knowledge and skills. The paper considers the barriers and challenges in increasing employment in rural Poland. In particular, the changes on local rural labour markets and the influence of relevant policy tools thereon have been studied. The study is based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the public statistics and information on the implementation of selected EU CAP and Cohesion Policy instruments in Poland from the period 2007-2014 and the literature of the subject. The study showed that, despite the favourable economic situation and the effects of projects aimed at creating and maintaining non-agricultural jobs in rural areas supported by the EU founds, the rural employment rate and the number of people employed in agriculture did not increase significantly. In this context, the paper provides the explanation of limited improvements in terms of rural employment and policy offers recommendations in this area.

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Dias, Rui, Catarina Revez, Nicole Horta, Paula Heliodoro, and Paulo Alexandre. "Impact of Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine on Central and Eastern European Capital Markets." In 8th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2022.71.

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On February 24th, 2022, Russia launched a full-scale military invasion against Ukraine, marking a sharp escalation to a conflict that began in 2014. Several analysts have called the invasion the largest military invasion in Europe since World War II. Considering these events this paper aims to test the efficient market hypothesis, in its weak form, in the capital markets of Hungary (BUX), Croatia (CROBEX), Russia (IMOEX), the Czech Republic (PX PRAGUE), Slovenia (SBITOP), and Poland (WIG) over the period from April 25th, 2017, to April 22nd, 2022. The results show that the random walk hypothesis is not supported by the analyzed financial markets in this period with the occurrence of the 2020 global pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The values of the variance ratios are less than unity, implying that the returns are autocorrelated over time and mean-reverting, and no differences between the financial markets have been identified. This has implications for investors, since some returns may be expected, creating arbitrage opportunities and abnormal returns, contrary to the assumptions of random walk and informational efficiency. In conclusion, we believe that investors should eventually exercise some caution, at least while this uncertainty persists, and invest in less risky markets to mitigate risk and improve the efficiency of their portfolios.

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Kraciuk, Jakub, and Elżbieta Kacperska. "The role of foreign direct investments (FDI) in regional development." In 3rd International Conference on Administrative & Financial Sciences. Cihan University - Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/afs2020/paper.269.

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Foreign direct investments constitute a major factor stimulating economic growth and regional development. In this respect new investments are particularly important, as they promote increased employment and regional development, boost exports and transfer new technologies. In any market economy a considerable role is played by agribusiness and this is where foreign investors tend to put their capital. In Poland approx. 8 % foreign investments are placed in agribusiness. However, the distribution of investments is far from uniform. The highest numbers of investments are recorded in the Mazowieckie, Wielkopolskie and Zachodniopomorskie provinces.

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Małecka, Joanna. "Alternative Securities Markets as Financing Sources for SMEs – Selected Aspects of AIM and NC." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cbme.2017.072.

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Small and medium-sized enterprises are the foundation for the development of each contemporary national economy. Their number affects macroeconomic indices of economies and directly translates into the labour market created by SMEs. This article aims to investigate the key conditionings behind the macroeconomic significance and legal factors of the financial market operation in Poland and the UK, with particular emphasis on the stock exchange as the fundamental element of the capital market. Both AIM and NewConnect are platforms dedicated to SMEs, which have been allowed easier access to this capital market segment by minimising mandatory legal conditions. This study analyses the number of listed companies and their capitalisation values in 1999–2015, covering: the rules of the financial market operation, with a special focus on the legal bases of the stock market operation in the economies investigated; legal conditions for the development of this economic segment; and a detailed analysis of the number of participants and capitalisation values achieved on the Warsaw and London Stock Exchanges, in particular AIM and NewConnect. This paper builds on source data from various annual reports and stock exchange publications drawn up and made available by stock exchanges and financial supervisors. The attempt to compare the indices and capacities of the WSE and the NC with the biggest European player is motivated by the fact that the Warsaw Stock Exchange is classified as the largest and most dynamically growing stock exchange in Central and Eastern Europe.

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Zróbek-Róžanska, Alina, and Sabina Zróbek. "How City’s Biggest Employers Shape Spatial Development of The Residential Areas – Evidence from Olsztyn, Poland." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.130.

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Efficient managing sustainable urban development requires constant observations of trends in the key areas. One of the important areas is undoubtedly directing development of residential areas within the city and its surroundings. Nowadays, increasing incomes and transport mobility of the city citizens enable choosing between living within the city’s borders and building houses in the suburbs. Latter option makes city less compact and generates urban sprawl. As many controversies still arise over sprawling cities, the opposite of the smart growth, the factors behind this process should be monitored. In this article, we focused on spatial dependencies between localization of working and living places, because an access to the workplace seems to be one of the key determinants of choosing the particular place of residence. Therefore we decided to verify the following hypothesis: localization of the biggest employers in the city shapes the development of residential areas in the suburbs, and the influence depends on: current migration trends, specifics of the employers and their activity on the real estate market. The verification was carried out in the city of Olsztyn (Poland), the capital of Warmia and Mazury Province, and included careful analysis of the three city's biggest employers.

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Kocur-Bera, Katarzyna. "Regionalisation of Measures Shaping the Rural Space in Agricultural Producers’ Opinions – a Case Study with Mazowieckie Voivodeship as an Example." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.199.

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In recent years, the economic situation in rural areas has changed a lot. Poland’s accession to the European Union opened up a lot of possibilities for agricultural farms. Thanks to the implemented Union projects such as the Rural Development Programme 2007–2013 (RDP 2007–2013), the Human Capital Operational Programme 2007–2013 (HCOP 2007–2013), and the Regional Operational Programme for Mazowieckie Voivodeship 2007–2013 (ROP 2007– 2013), local authorities may apply for funding aimed at the improvement of life situation of the rural population. The aim of this paper was to provide an answer to the question: how is the influence of the RDP 2007–2013 and other Union programmes for furnishing agricultural activities perceived by owners of agricultural farms? For the analysis, statements of inhabitants of Krasne, Krzynowłoga Mała, JednoroAec and Czernice Borowe communes, obtained by direct interview using a questionnaire were chosen. The respondents unanimously stated that the Union funds obtained under the PROW 2007–2013 provided a lot of benefits. The financial support obtained for the implementation of furnishing of agricultural activities was assigned for the development of rural areas. Farmers obtained new prospects for development and modernisation of farms, which increased their competitiveness in the market. Today, the previously forgotten rural areas are developed, and ready for changes and new activities. Support for the agricultural sector is of fundamental significance to the economy of the entire country, as thanks to these investment projects Poland is competitive in the market, and the revitalised agricultural areas have become an attractive tourist destination.

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Karluk, S. Rıdvan. "EU Enlargement to the Balkans: Membership Perspective to the Balkan Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01163.

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After the dispersion of the Soviet Union, the European Union embarked upon an intense relationship with the Central and Eastern European Countries. The transition into capital market and democratization of these countries had been supported by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs at the beginning of 1989 before the collapse of the Soviet Union System. The European Agreements were signed between the EU and Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia on December 16th, 1991. 10 Central and Eastern Europe Countries became the members of the EU on May 1st, 2004. With the accession of Bulgaria and Romania into the EU on January 1st, 2007, the number of the EU member countries reached up to 27, and finally extending to 28 with the membership of Croatia to the EU on July 1st, 2013. Removing the Western Balkan States, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, and Bosnia and Herzegovina from the scope of external relations, the EU included these countries in the enlargement process in 2005.The European Commission has determined 2014 enlargement policy priorities as dealing with the fundamentals on preferential basis. In this context, the developments in the Balkans will be closely monitored within the scope of a new approach giving priority to the superiority of law. The enlargement process of the EU towards the Balkans and whether or not the Western Balkan States will join the Union will be analyzed.

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