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Academic literature on the topic 'Capital gains tax Australia'

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Published: 10 December 2022
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Journal articles on the topic "Capital gains tax Australia"

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Krever, Richard, and Kerrie Sadiq. "Non-Residents and Capital Gains Tax in Australia." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 67, no. 1 (April 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2019.67.1.krever.

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The evolution of capital gains taxation in Australia parallels that in Canada in many respects. Federal income taxes were adopted in both countries during the First World War, and in both jurisdictions the courts interpreted the term "income," the subject of taxation, using United Kingdom judicial concepts that excluded capital gains from the tax base. In the last quarter of the 20th century, both countries amended their income tax laws to capture capital gains, and in both countries concessional rates apply. Initially, the Australian capital gains tax regime had rules that paralleled those in Canada in respect of the application of capital gains tax measures to non-residents, and the list of assets that might generate a capital gains tax liability for non-residents was similar in both countries. Australia changed course just over a decade ago with a decision to limit the income tax liability of non-residents in respect of capital gains to gains on land and land-rich companies alone, albeit with an extended definition of land to capture directly related interests such as exploration and mining rights. Consequently, until this decade, reform of Australia's regime imposing capital gains tax on non-residents focused on the concept of source as a primary driver, with the categories of taxable assets being gradually reduced. However, after more than a decade of unprecedented increases in housing prices in Australia, reform has moved away from addressing source to integrity matters. In Australia, as in Canada, there has been considerable investment in property, particularly residential property, by non-residents in recent years, and the government has sought ways to enhance the enforcement and integrity of the capital gains tax rules applying to non-residents disposing of Australian real property. Since 2013, Australia has proposed three separate measures to ensure integrity within this regime: removal of a concessional rate, introduction of a withholding tax, and removal of the principal residence exemption for non-residents. This article considers the history and development of Australia's capital gains tax regime as it applies to non-residents and examines the recent shift in focus from what is captured in the capital gains source rules to integrity provisions adopted to achieve both compliance and geopolitical objectives.
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Minas, John, Youngdeok Lim, Chris Evans, and François Vaillancourt. "Policy Forum: The Australian Experience with Preferential Capital Gains Tax Treatment—Possible Lessons for Canada." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 69, no. 4 (2021): 1213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2021.69.4.pf.minas.

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This article compares the preferential tax treatment of capital gains in Australia and in Canada, with a view to determining whether there are any lessons from the Australian experience that may be of relevance to Canada. The tax treatment of capital gains is similar in the two jurisdictions in that both apply a 50 percent inclusion rate or the equivalent. Several aspects of the taxation of capital gains in Australia might be considered cautionary from the Canadian perspective. The Australian experience indicates that winning support for an increase in the capital gains inclusion rate can prove difficult, as demonstrated by the unsuccessful proposal by the Australian Labor Party, during the 2019 federal election campaign, to effectively raise the inclusion rate to 75 percent.
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Sherris, M. "Reserving for deferred capital gains tax (an application of option pricing theory)." Journal of the Institute of Actuaries 119, no. 1 (1992): 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020268100019685.

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AbstractThis paper sets out a framework, based on option pricing theory, that can be used to assess the value of deferred unrealised capital gains tax. In the U.K. and Australia, capital gains tax is paid on realisation of assets and the basis for determining the tax allows for inflation indexation of the cost base of the asset. Capital gains tax payments under these circumstances are shown to resemble those of a complex option. A number of theoretical approaches to the valuation of this option are discussed in the paper.
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Breckenridge, S. "CAPITAL GAINS TAX IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY." APPEA Journal 26, no. 1 (1986): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj85002.

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Eleven years after a previous abortive attempt, another Federal Labor Government has announced its intention to incorporate into the Australian fiscal scene a capital gains tax. The tax is to be levied at marginal and corporate income tax rates on 100 per cent of inflation adjusted gains realised on assets acquired on and after 20 September 1985.Whilst the Government expects its revenue yield to be low even at the end of five years of operation, the cost of protective administration and compliance to be incurred by taxpayers will be substantial.There are substantial areas of uncertainty in the capital gains tax proposals generally, and in particular as they relate to the petroleum industry. These issues, coupled with the prospect of significant legislative delay, will detract further from Australia's appeal as a focal point for essential exploration dollars.The capital gains tax proposals outlined to date deal, superficially, with basic and very tangible property. However, they do not come to grips with issues such as the potential duplication of this tax and resource rent tax, the need to protect the position of non-residents from double taxation, the basis for imposition of capital gains tax upon changes in licence and permit interest through direct or indirect transfers, to avoid bunching distortions, and to more fully provide for rollover relief.The capital gains tax proposals will exacerbate the substantial stress upon the Australian Taxation Office and, coupled with the forthcoming requirement of the Income Tax Assessment Act to accommodate the proposed resource rent tax, will only serve to highlight the fact that in reality the petroleum industry has not been a winner in this area of the tax reform process.The scope for unexpected capital gains tax exposures to arise is marked and will require a clear analysis of several long-established legal concepts to ensure that even reasonable results are obtained.
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Mangioni, Vince. "Value capture taxation: alternate sources of revenue for Sub-Central government in Australia." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 24, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 200–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-11-2018-0065.

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Purpose Australia’s Future Tax System (2009) among its recommendations identified the need for realignment of tax revenue across the tiers of government in Australia, as well as the need to raise additional revenue from land-based taxes. In achieving these objectives, this paper aims to examine the revenues generated from land and how capital gains tax may be reconceptualised as a value capture tax resulting from the rapid urbanisation of Australia’s cities. The development of a theoretical framework realigns the emerging rationale of a value capture tax, as a means for revenue to be divested from central government in the form of capital gains, to sub-central government as a value capture tax. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research methodology comprising grounded theory and phenomenological research is used in undertaking the review of tax revenue collection from state land tax, conveyance stamp duty, local government rating and Commonwealth capital gains tax. Grounded theory is applied for constant comparison of the data with the objectives of maximising similarities and differences in these revenues with an analytical construct as defined by Strauss and Corbin (1990, p. 61). Findings The paper finds that realigning revenue from land-based taxes against the principles of good tax design provides greater opportunity to raise additional revenue to fund public infrastructure while decentralising revenue from central government. It provides an alternate mechanism for revenue transfer from central to sub-central government while conceptually improving own source revenue from value capture taxation as a new revenue source. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this paper is the ability to quantify the potential increase that would be generated in the form of value capture revenue. It is demonstrated in the paper that capital gains tax took over 15 years for revenue generation to crystallise, a factor that would likely occur in the potential introduction of a value capture tax for funding transport infrastructure. Practical implications The pathway to introducing a value capture tax is through re-innovating capital gains tax as a value capture tax directly hypothecated to funding transport infrastructure that results in the uplift in values of the surrounding property from which revenue is raised. Originality/value This paper provides a new approach in contributing to funding the capital outlay of public infrastructure in lieu of central government consolidated revenue allocated through the Commonwealth Grants Commission. It provides a much-needed approach to decentralising revenue from the Commonwealth to sub-central government in Australia which has one of the most centralised tax systems in the OECD.
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Black, Ervin L., Joseph Legoria, and Keith F. Sellers. "Capital Investment Effects of Dividend Imputation." Journal of the American Taxation Association 22, no. 2 (September 1, 2000): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jata.2000.22.2.40.

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We examine the effects of dividend imputation on corporate capital investment in New Zealand and Australia. The empirical findings indicate that: (1) dividend imputation stimulated corporate capital investment in both countries; (2) the positive impact of dividend imputation on capital investment overshadowed any negative effects arising from the new capital gains tax imposed in Australia; and (3) the dividend imputation effects on capital investment are most pronounced for highdividend-paying firms. In summary, we demonstrate the positive impact of dividend imputation on corporate capital investment. Our findings support the conclusions of the U.S. Treasury that the “traditional” double tax on corporate distributions increases the cost of equity capital to the corporate sector and creates a bias against investment by the corporate sector.
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Wilson, Peter A. "CAPITAL GAINS TAX — ASPECTS OF CERTAIN FINANCING TRANSACTIONS." APPEA Journal 28, no. 1 (1988): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj87033.

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The Australian Income Tax Assessment Act, 1936 (the Act) has recently been amended by the inclusion of a full capital gains tax system.This system is particularly applicable to various aspects of financing transactions into which petroleum exploration and development companies may enter.In the light of recent changes to the means by which petroleum companies can access the capital markets, it becomes necessary to consider these issues. This paper is designed to provide petroleum company executives with additional information on the capital gains tax aspects of:creating royalty, net profit interests and production payments;conventional security management matters;bankruptcy/liquidation matters;allotment of ordinary and preference share issues;allotment of convertible notes;drawing down of conventional loans; andgroup reorganisations.The paper also sets out some recommendations for amendments to the Act designed to correct capital gains driven financing problems.These aspects and many other relevant planning points require consideration of complex legislation. In the absence of direct legal precedent, proper and full consideration is warranted if all intended financial problems are to be firstly, recognised and secondly, to the extent possible, overcome.
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Maxim, Maruf Rahman, and Kerstin Zander. "Green Tax Reform and Employment Double Dividend in Australia Should Australia Follow Europe’s Footsteps? A CGE Analysis." Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 14, no. 4 (November 2020): 454–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973801020953310.

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Australia has one of the highest per capita carbon emissions, and its energy sector contributes significantly to the country’s carbon emissions. Renewable energy and climate change call for a shift from fossil fuels to low-carbon technologies for energy production. Policies aiming to reduce carbon emissions are perceived by many people as leading to higher living costs, but changes in energy policies can also lead to economic gains in the presence of revenue recycling. This article applies a computable general equilibrium approach to study the effect of energy tax in the Australian economy. Four different scenarios of green tax reform (GTR) are simulated to test the employment double dividend (EDD) potential. All four scenarios simulate changes in energy tax and one of four tax revenue recycling policies including (a) value added tax reduction, (b) payroll tax reduction, (c) goods and services tax (GST) reduction and (d) a mixture of all three recycling policies. The results show strong EDD potential of GST and payroll tax reduction when used along with energy tax in a revenue-neutral GTR approach. The study also presents a comparison of an optimal EDD inducive policy design between the European and Australian GTR approaches. JEL classifications: H23, C68, H21, Q48
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Dixon, Chad. "Tax issues impacting acquisitions in the Australian oil and gas industry." APPEA Journal 51, no. 2 (2011): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10049.

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Understanding the tax implications and structuring options of a transaction is critical when assessing and comparing new opportunities. When undertaking any transaction involving Australian oil and gas assets, the applicable taxation regime should be carefully explored and understood. From an Australian perspective, taxes such as corporate income tax, petroleum resource rent tax, capital gains tax, and goods and services tax have significant potential to influence the investment decision. This presentation will focus on the tax implications applicable to the acquisition and disposal of Australian oil and gas assets, providing valuable insights for both Australian companies and inbound investors.
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Allen, J., and M. Williamson. "LEGAL AND TAXATION IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ACQUISITION AND DISPOSAL OF OFFSHORE PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND EXPLORATION TENEMENTS—A PRACTICAL VIEW AND UPDATE." APPEA Journal 26, no. 1 (1986): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj85001.

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The administrative aspects of petroleum mining and exploration companies have become more complex of recent years. One area where this is particularly so is in relation to the livelihood of the industry, i.e. access to tenements.While exploration and development activity onshore has hotted up in particular, offshore activity has been fervent but limited largely to bringing into production fields on the North West Shelf, at Jabiru and new areas in Bass Strait. Generally it is held that the likelihood for discoveries of large fields will be offshore Australia rather than onshore and that present exploration activities offshore are inadequate to maintain Australia's oil self-sufficiency.Recent amendments to the Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act, a plethora of associated Acts, and proposed new tax imposts (e.g. cash bonus bids, retention licence fees, resource rent tax, and capital gains tax) in relation to the offshore segment of the industry have added significantly to the complexities in planning the acquisition and disposal and ongoing control of tenements. Each of these is examined individually and in conjunction for the benefit of planners and executives administering tenements within their organisations.Both sides of the transaction are viewed with emphasis on their tax positions providing opportunities to control the directions and funding mechanisms for the transaction.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Capital gains tax Australia"

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Walpole, Michael Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Proposals for the reform of the taxation of goodwill in Australia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Law, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24362.

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This thesis analyses the Australian approach to taxation of goodwill and related intangibles. It asks the questions: 'Is the current Australian approach to taxation of goodwill coherent?'; and 'Could a different approach minimise any distortions?' The thesis identifies the increasing importance of goodwill and other intangible property in a modern information-based economy. It identifies benchmarks for a 'good' tax system ??? such as efficiency, simplicity, and equity. It emphasises the criteria of simplicity and efficiency but includes other criteria and specifically considers the issue of alignment of accounting and legal concepts. It concludes that the current misalignment makes it difficult for the tax system to deal with goodwill coherently. The thesis criticises the treatment of goodwill under various Australian taxes, including stamp duty; Goods and Services Tax; taxation of capital gains; and income tax. It specifically considers the treatment of intangible sources of goodwill and their relationship with goodwill itself. The discussion of income tax pays particular attention to the role of goodwill and other intangibles in international transfer pricing. The thesis draws conclusions about the treatment of goodwill in Australia and whether the Australian approach meets the benchmarks established at the outset. The thesis demonstrates that the current Australian approach leads, inter alia, to tax avoidance. The current approach also offends a number of other criteria of a 'good' system. The thesis considers the UK tax treatment of intangibles held by resident companies and considers this model for Australia. It also considers the abandoned 'Tax Value Method' previously proposed for Australia. From this and other material, it suggests possible new directions and an alternative approach to taxing goodwill in Australia. These include a consistent and coherent definition of goodwill for tax that is compatible with law and accounting. The thesis also urges the development of a consistent approach to taxing goodwill at both the state and federal levels; and suggests greater reliance on the existence of goodwill as a means to establish jurisdiction to impose tax in international tax situations.
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Evans, Christopher Charles Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "The operating costs of taxing the capital gains of individuals : a comparative study of Australia and the UK, with particular reference to the compliance costs of certain tax design features." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Law, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20738.

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This study investigates the impact of aspects of tax design on the operating costs of the tax system. The thesis focuses on the Australian and UK regimes for taxing the capital gains of individuals. It contends that the compliance burden faced by personal taxpayers and the administrative costs incurred by revenue authorities are directly influenced by the design of the capital gains tax ('CGT') regimes in each country. The study bridges the divide between theoretical analysis of CGT and empirical studies on tax operating costs. It uses a hybrid research design to test a series of hypotheses that emerge from a review of the literature and the experience of the researcher. It combines a technical analysis of the relevant Australian and UK legislative provisions (including an analysis of the policy and other background data that underpins those provisions) with empirical research on the views and experience of practitioners who are responsible for the operation of the legislation in the two countries. The results obtained from this combined methodology indicate that the operating costs of taxing capital gains in Australia and the UK are directly affected by the design of the legislative provisions. Moreover, the study outcomes indicate that operating costs in both countries are high (on a number of comparative measures), have not reduced over time, and are both horizontally and vertically inequitable. The research indicates that the primary factors that cause the high operating costs include the complexity of the legislation and the frequency of legislative change, together with record-keeping and valuation requirements. The thesis identifies specific legislative changes that would address operational cost concerns. These include the phasing out of the 'grandfathering' exemption together with the introduction of an annual exempt amount, and the rationalisation of business concessions in Australia; and the abolition of taper relief and its possible replacement with a 50% exclusion in the UK. More importantly, it seeks a more principled approach to the taxation of capital gains in both countries, and emphasises that legislative change can and should only be enacted with a full and clear understanding of the operating cost implications of that change.
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Turvey, Phillip. "The impact of taxes on optimal portfolio choice : an Australian study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/46825/1/Phillip_Turvey_Thesis.pdf.

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Taxes are an important component of investing that is commonly overlooked in both the literature and in practice. For example, many understand that taxes will reduce an investment’s return, but less understood is the risk-sharing nature of taxes that also reduces the investment’s risk. This thesis examines how taxes affect the optimal asset allocation and asset location decision in an Australian environment. It advances the model of Horan & Al Zaman (2008), improving the method by which the present value of tax liabilities are calculated, by using an after-tax risk-free discount rate, and incorporating any new or reduced tax liabilities generated into its expected risk and return estimates. The asset allocation problem is examined for a range of different scenarios using Australian parameters, including different risk aversion levels, personal marginal tax rates, investment horizons, borrowing premiums, high or low inflation environments, and different starting cost bases. The findings support the Horan & Al Zaman (2008) conclusion that equities should be held in the taxable account. In fact, these findings are strengthened with most of the efficient frontier maximising equity holdings in the taxable account instead of only half. Furthermore, these findings transfer to the Australian case, where it is found that taxed Australian investors should always invest into equities first through the taxable account before investing in super. However, untaxed Australian investors should invest their equity first through superannuation. With borrowings allowed in the taxable account (no borrowing premium), Australian taxed investors should hold 100% of the superannuation account in the risk-free asset, while undertaking leverage in the taxable account to achieve the desired risk-return. Introducing a borrowing premium decreases the likelihood of holding 100% of super in the risk-free asset for taxable investors. The findings also suggest that the higher the marginal tax rate, the higher the borrowing premium in order to overcome this effect. Finally, as the investor’s marginal tax rate increases, the overall allocation to equities should increase due to the increased risk and return sharing caused by taxation, and in order to achieve the same risk/return level as the lower taxation level, the investor must take on more equity exposure. The investment horizon has a minimal impact on the optimal allocation decision in the absence of factors such as mean reversion and human capital.
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Soler, Roch María Teresa. "The Taxation of Capital Gains in Double Tax Convention Models." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118674.

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The article deals with the taxation of capital gains in cross-border situations, according to the relevant provision in the different Model Conventions (OECD, UN, and US). Following an introduction to the topic, the article analyzes the concept of capital gains, as well as the allocation rules applicable to gains derived from the alienation of different type of assets, including specific anti-abuse provisions and a final reference to the exit taxes.
El artículo trata de la tributación de las ganancias de capital en situaciones transfronterizas, de acuerdo con las disposiciones previstas en los distintos Modelos de Convenio (OCDE, ONU y EEUU). Tras una introducción al tema, el artículo analiza el concepto de ganancias de capital, así como las reglas de atribución aplicables a las ganancias obtenidas en la transmisión de distintos tipos de bienes, incluyendo cláusulas anti-abuso específicas y una referencia final a los impuestos de salida.
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Marriage, Wayne Wilson. "An evaluation of the capital gains tax concessions for small business." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16326/1/Wayne_Marriage_Thesis.pdf.

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The small business Capital Gains Tax (CGT) concessions were introduced by the Federal Treasurer on 21 September 1999. The provisions are based on the landmark Review of Business Taxation. The Federal Government's intention was to remove impediments to efficient asset management, improve capital mobility, reduce complexity and compliance costs and generally, make Australia's CGT regime internationally competitive. Division 152 contains four separate small business concessions. In order to qualify for the four CGT concessions, the small business must satisfy stringent tests (basic conditions). It is possible that the small business will receive significant concessional treatment if these basic conditions are satisfied. Commentary by academics and tax practitioners indicate that the small business CGT concessions are excessively complex. There is concern that the provisions are not achieving their desired outcomes. This thesis involves a critical evaluation of Division 152 against the traditional criteria for a good tax system, using a legal research methodology designed by Wade. Within Wade's framework, the research includes a comparative analysis of the Australian and United Kingdom legislative provisions for small business CGT concessions. This comparison is undertaken with a view to highlighting strengths and weaknesses in the respective legislation to better meet the goals of equity, efficiency and simplicity. The culmination of this thesis will be the proposal of policy recommendations to Subdivision 152-A. This thesis states the law available as at 30 April 2006. In the light of this, an appendix is inserted to cover changes since this date.
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Marriage, Wayne Wilson. "An evaluation of the capital gains tax concessions for small business." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16326/.

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The small business Capital Gains Tax (CGT) concessions were introduced by the Federal Treasurer on 21 September 1999. The provisions are based on the landmark Review of Business Taxation. The Federal Government's intention was to remove impediments to efficient asset management, improve capital mobility, reduce complexity and compliance costs and generally, make Australia's CGT regime internationally competitive. Division 152 contains four separate small business concessions. In order to qualify for the four CGT concessions, the small business must satisfy stringent tests (basic conditions). It is possible that the small business will receive significant concessional treatment if these basic conditions are satisfied. Commentary by academics and tax practitioners indicate that the small business CGT concessions are excessively complex. There is concern that the provisions are not achieving their desired outcomes. This thesis involves a critical evaluation of Division 152 against the traditional criteria for a good tax system, using a legal research methodology designed by Wade. Within Wade's framework, the research includes a comparative analysis of the Australian and United Kingdom legislative provisions for small business CGT concessions. This comparison is undertaken with a view to highlighting strengths and weaknesses in the respective legislation to better meet the goals of equity, efficiency and simplicity. The culmination of this thesis will be the proposal of policy recommendations to Subdivision 152-A. This thesis states the law available as at 30 April 2006. In the light of this, an appendix is inserted to cover changes since this date.
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Rapera, Corazon L. "Potential impacts of various capital gains tax structures on forest investments." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135205/.

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Devlin, Christopher James. "The Effect of the Capital Gains Tax Rate on Earnings Management." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579041.

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I find evidence that when the capital gains tax rates fell before SOX regulations, earnings were managed up by United States based firms through both accrual and real methods. This maximizes executives take home pay. Just following SOX regulations, earnings were managed higher, which was predominately done through accrual methods. When the capital gains tax rates fell in 2013 levels of earnings management were lower, which is consistent with the idea that executives are looking to maximize their pay. How levels of institutional ownership affect earnings management is less conclusive. Earnings management is also influenced by how executives are compensated showing that managers who are primarily compensated through stock options bonuses may choose to manage earnings higher.
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Schwarze, Corrinna Lina. "A critical analysis of the capital gains tax system for South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52627.

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Thesis (MAcc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Capital gains tax has been introduced into the South African tax system for the first time, on all capital gains arising on or after 1 October 2001. The issue of whether a capital gains tax will be a suitable tax for South Africa has already been addressed in the form of Commission Reports. In these reports, the idea of adopting this tax system was not recommended for the South African tax system or only a limited capital gains tax was recommended. This study, however, investigates whether the legislation passed by government is in line with the basic principles of an efficient and effective tax system. Firstly, the principles of an efficient and effective tax system are set out as those originally proposed by Adam Smith as well as those that have been adapted to modern tax theory. The factors that impact on capital gains tax are identified and specific criteria are formulated against which the legislated capital gains tax is evaluated. The mechanics of the capital gains tax is discussed, classified into the factors that impact a capital gains tax and evaluated against the abovementioned criteria. lt has been held that the introduction of this new form of tax to the South African tax system addresses many inefficiencies and deficiencies in the current tax system. lt is the writer's opinion that an investigation as to the degree to which this tax system adheres to the principles of an effective and efficient tax system, was thus necessary. For the purposes of this investigation, the legislated capital gains tax was evaluated against the principles of neutrality, certainty and simplicity, administrative efficiency, flexibility, invisibility and equity (fairness, horizontal and vertical equity). lt was found that the principles of flexibility, fairness and horizontal equity are achieved. To a lesser extent, the principles of neutrality, certainty and simplicity, and administrative efficiency are achieved, and the principles of invisibility and vertical equity have not been achieved.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kapitaalwinsbelasting is nou vir die eerste keer deel van die Suid Afrikaanse belastingstelsel. Dit affekteer alle kapitale winste wat op of na 1 Oktober 2001 realiseer. Die vraagstuk oar die geskiktheid van kapitaalwinsbelasting vir Suid-Afrika is alreeds voorheen in die vorm van Kommissieverslae aangespreek. Geen, of slegs 'n beperkte kapitaalwinsbelasting is in hierdie verslae aanbeveel vir die Suid-Afrikaanse belastingstelsel. Die studie wat volg, ondersoek die mate waarin die wetgewing ten opsigte van kapitaalwinsbelasting aan die basiese beginsels van 'n effektiewe en doeltreffende belastingstelsel voldoen. Eerstens word die beginsels van 'n doeltreffende en effektiewe belastingstelsel uiteengesit as die soos oorspronklik voorgestel deur Adam Smith, asook die wat deur moderne belastingteorie aangepas is. Tweedens word die faktore wat kapitaalwins be·invloed ge·identifiseer en laastens word spesifieke kriteria geformuleer waarteen die kapitaalwinsbelasting geevalueer sal word. Die werking van die kapitaalwinsbelasting word bespreek, geklassifiseer in faktore wat 'n kapitaalwinsbelasting be·invloed en teen die bogenoemde kriteria geevalueer. Daar is beslis dat die toevoeging van hierdie vorm van belasting tot die Suid Afrikaanse belastingstelsel die ondoeltreffendheid en ander gebreke in die huidige belastingstelsel aanspreek. Dit is die skrywer se mening dat 'n ondersoek ten opsigte van die mate waartoe hierdie belastingstelsel die beginsels van 'n effektiewe en doeltreffende belastingstelsel nakom, dus nodig was. Vir die doeleindes van hierdie ondersoek, is kapitaalwinsbelasting geevalueer teen die beginsels van neutraliteit, sekerheid en eenvoudigheid, administratiewe doeltreffendheid, aanpasbaarheid, onsigbaarheid en billikheid (regverdigheid, horisontale en vertikale billikheid). Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat daar aan die beginsels van aanpasbaarheid, regverdigheid en horisontale billikheid voldoen word. Tot 'n minder mate, word daar aan die beginsels van neutraliteit, sekerheid en eenvoudigheid, en administratiewe doeltreffendheid voldoen. Daar word nie aan die beginsels van onsigbaarheid en vertikale billikheid voldoen nie.
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Novack, Garth F. "Treasury bill yield reactions to the 1997 capital gains tax rate reduction." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280313.

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This study tests the equilibrium of after-tax rates of return described in Miller (1977) by investigating whether a change in tax rates affects the return of an investment asset that is not directly taxed by the rate being changed. Using a model of after-tax investment returns I predict the yields of Treasury bills, which are subject only to ordinary tax rates, have an inverse reaction to changes in the capital gains tax rate. In a sample of daily Treasury bill data, yields appear to increase in response to the surprise reduction in capital gains tax rates on May 7, 1997. While small, this increase is statistically significant and is robust to other macroeconomic determinants. These findings contribute to the accounting literature on taxes and investment pricing by providing evidence of Miller's after-tax equilibrium in a potentially cleaner setting than is used in previous studies. Evidence that a financial instrument subject to ordinary rates alone may be affected by the announcement of a change in the capital gains tax rate suggests that shareholder-level taxes are capitalized into prices in ways not investigated by existing research. Accounting researchers will find these results useful because they suggest that the effects of changes in tax rates on asset prices are likely misstated in studies using settings where both the ordinary and capital gains tax rates change. Since the Treasury bill yield forms the basis of many consumer contracts, such as credit card agreements, policy makers should also be interested in these findings because they suggest changes to the capital gains tax rate may have unintended market consequences.
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Books on the topic "Capital gains tax Australia"

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Taxation Institute of Australia. New South Wales Division. State Convention. Papers presented at the State Convention of the New South Wales Division of the Taxation Institute of Australia, Wollongong, New South Wales, 13th to 15th June 1986. Sydney: TIA, 1986.

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Cooper, Gordon S. Capital gains tax. 2nd ed. Sydney: Butterworths, 1992.

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Pritchard, W. E. Capital gains tax. 8th ed. London: Pitman, 1987.

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Pritchard, W. E. Capital gains tax. 7th ed. London: Longman, 1985.

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Watterston, Juliana M. Tolley's capital gains tax. Croydon: Tolley, 1996.

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Mackley-Smith, Gary B. Tolley's capital gains tax. Croydon: Tolley, 1995.

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Scholtz, Wouter. Capital gains tax fundamentals. South Melbourne: Business Law Education Centre, 1991.

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Gravelle, Jane. Capital gains tax issues. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1988.

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Collison, David W. Capital gains tax rebasing. London: Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, 1991.

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Smailes, David. Tolley's Capital Gains Tax. Croydon: Tolley Publishing, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Capital gains tax Australia"

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Phillips, John S. "Capital Gains." In Tax Treaty Networks 1991, 434–69. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315075631-14.

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Kania, Beatrix. "Capital Gains Tax." In Steuerstandort Großbritannien, 128–56. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-3703-2_5.

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Sinclair, Walter. "Capital gains tax." In St. James’s Place Tax Guide 2002–2003, 299–341. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230287716_20.

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Boczko, Tony. "Capital Gains Tax." In Managing Your Money, 160–81. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-47188-8_7.

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Davies, Bill, and Rachel Cooper. "Capital gains tax." In Essential Business Law and Practice for SQE1, 89–94. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003289760-19.

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Offerdal, Erik. "Tax Reform, Capital Allocation and Welfare Gains in Norway." In Applied General Equilibrium Modelling, 29–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7908-7_3.

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Rünger, Silke. "The Effect of the Repeal of the German Corporate Capital Gains Tax." In The Effect of Shareholder Taxation on Corporate Ownership Structures, 65–85. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04131-1_5.

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Lo, Ming-Min, Jian-Fa Li, and Kuo-Ching Chiou. "An Impact of Capital Gains Tax for Securities on Taiwan Stock Market by Overreaction, Lock-in Effect and Market Microstructures." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 245–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46828-6_21.

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"Capital Gains Tax." In Wealth Management Planning, 123–68. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119206286.ch8.

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Garrett, S. J. "Capital Gains Tax." In Introduction to the Mathematics of Finance, 161–76. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-098240-3.00008-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Capital gains tax Australia"

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Chow, Wilson, and Jingyi Wang. "Capital Gains Tax with Hong Kong Characteristics: Necessity, Feasibility and Design." In 6th Annual International Conference on Law, Regulations and Public Policy (LRPP 2017). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3809_lrpp17.53.

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Elliott, Paul, and Melissa Gilbert. "Produced Water Debottlenecking Delivers Low Cost Incremental Production for the Pyrenees FPSO." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21848-ms.

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Abstract The Pyrenees FPSO development, located offshore Western Australia, produced first oil in 2010. By 2017, the topsides facility had became constrained by produced water production, reaching the facility design capacity of 110,000 bbl/d. A strong business driver was presented to debottleneck the water processing train to increase oil production, for which a holistic, system-wide approach was required. A series of brownfield debottlenecking scopes were identified and assessed using a systematic value versus risk approach. The key value drivers were recognised as incremental oil production, execution timing and cost. The assessment focused on improving Produced Water Re-Injection (PWRI) pump throughput and uptime, optimising the produced water treatment and overboard discharge systems, and the use of cargo oil tanks for separation. Project execution was phased to allow early debottlenecking gains to be unlocked as major modification scopes were progressed. The most capital intensive project executed was the installation of a side-stream Compact Flotation Unit package to polish and discharge produced water overboard. In combination, the projects delivered a 36% increase in produced water handling capacity to 150,000 bbl/d, accelerating 8.5% production over a 3-year period. In addition, the projects increased facility uptime by 1.8% and reduced the risk of late-life produced water injection system failures. This case study illustrates a logical and systematic approach to production debottlenecking, resulting in a significant production uplift, safely delivered for low relative CAPEX investment. The processes described and lessons learned in this project may be applicable to other maturing fields and facilities, and can be used to assist resolving late-life produced water challenges.
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Reports on the topic "Capital gains tax Australia"

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Poterba, James. Tax Evasion and Capital Gains Taxation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2119.

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Sarin, Natasha, Lawrence Summers, Owen Zidar, and Eric Zwick. Rethinking How We Score Capital Gains Tax Reform. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28362.

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Gourio, François, and Jianjun Miao. Transitional Dynamics of Dividend and Capital Gains Tax Cuts. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16157.

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Poterba, James, and Scott Weisbenner. Capital Gains Tax Rules, Tax Loss Trading and Turn-of-the-Year Returns. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6616.

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Agersnap, Ole, and Owen Zidar. The Tax Elasticity of Capital Gains and Revenue-Maximizing Rates. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27705.

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Hendershott, Patric, Eric Toder, and Yunhi Won. Revenue and Welfare Implications for a Capital Gains Tax Cut. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3386.

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Auerbach, Alan, Leonard Burman, and Jonathan Siegel. Capital Gains Taxation and Tax Avoidance: New Evidence from Panel Data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6399.

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Hendershott, Patric, and Yunhi Won. The Long-Run Impact on Federal Tax Revenues and Capital Allocation of A Cut in the Capital Gains Tax Rate. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2962.

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Blouin, Jennifer, Jana Smith Raedy, and Douglas Shackelford. Capital Gains Holding Periods and Equity Trading: Evidence from the 1998 Tax Act. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7827.

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Slemrod, Joel, and William Shobe. The Tax Elasticity of Capital Gains Realizations: Evidence from a Panel of Taxpayers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3237.

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