Academic literature on the topic 'Capital extractif'
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Journal articles on the topic "Capital extractif":
1
Buu-Sao, Doris, and Leny Patinaux. "Renouveau extractif et verdissement de l’industrie face au changement climatique." Écologie & politique N° 68, no. 1 (May 3, 2024): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ecopo1.068.0011.
Abstract:
L’introduction de ce dossier expose l’intérêt heuristique de penser conjointement le verdissement de l’extraction minière et l’implantation d’installations de production d’énergie renouvelable. Cette comparaison permet de discuter le concept d’« extractivisme vert » et d’interroger, au-delà des discours, les changements qu’introduit la « transition énergétique ». Pour cela, nous adoptons une démarche au ras du sol, au plus près des pratiques des acteurs et de la matérialité des processus productifs. Ce faisant, cette introduction présente les trois axes qui structurent le dossier : d’abord, l’analyse localisée des discours de transition, ensuite, l’articulation entre action publique et action privée, et enfin, l’étude des dynamiques d’accumulation du capital et des nuisances industrielles à l’heure de l’impératif de « transition écologique ».
2
Brodie, Patrick. "Climate extraction and supply chains of data." Media, Culture & Society 42, no. 7-8 (March 4, 2020): 1095–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443720904601.
Abstract:
The global data center industry relies on what this article defines as ‘climate extraction’. Through this peculiar but critical infrastructure for global Internet operations, a focus on Ireland reveals the entanglements of state, corporate, and environmental actors within the extractive calculations of transnational companies. Ireland has been advertised to and by data center developers because of its ‘cool’ climate while downplaying the importance of its low corporate tax rate and the government and planning system’s favorable treatment of big tech companies. Public discourses around big tech ‘greenwash’ power and contribute to a material climate (both atmospheric and infrastructural) from which value can be extracted. This is achieved by extracting for and from data circulation through the built and ‘natural’ environment. This article articulates the ways in which the spatial development of data centers as ‘strategic infrastructure’ contributes to the ongoing naturalization of capital and state power’s entanglements with the so-called natural world through technological systems.
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López, Emiliano, and Francisco Vértiz. "Extractivism, Transnational Capital, and Subaltern Struggles in Latin America." Latin American Perspectives 42, no. 5 (November 5, 2014): 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x14549538.
Abstract:
Development projects at the national level in Latin American countries are linked with the needs of global transnational extractive-rentier capital accumulation. The concept of unequal geographic development is useful for understanding the articulation between the strategies of transnational capital in the extraction of minerals, hydrocarbons, and agri-foods and the national-scale development projects expressed in the political and economic configurations of the states of the region. This articulation must be approached in terms of the conflictive relations between dominant and subaltern actors and the way in which they are expressed in the structure of the state. Analysis of three concrete cases of subaltern struggles against the strategies of extractive-rentier transnational capital (Peru, Ecuador, and Argentina) reveal the limits and possibilities of transcending local-level disputes to produce a development project that is an alternative to extractivism on the national and continental levels. Los proyectos de desarrollo a escala nacional de los países de América Latina están vinculados con las necesidades de la acumulación global del capital transnacional extractivo-rentista. El concepto de desarrollos geográficos desiguales ayuda a comprender la articulación existente entre las estrategias del capital transnacional que se ubica en la extracción de minerales, hidrocarburos y agro-alimentos y los proyectos de desarrollo a escala nacional que se expresan en las configuraciones políticas y económicas de los estados de la región. Dicha articulación entre escalas debe abordarse a partir de las relaciones conflictivas entre actores dominantes y subalternos y la forma concreta en que estas relaciones se expresan en la estructura estatal. Un análisis de tres casos concretos de luchas subalternas de oposición a las estrategias del capital transnacional extractivo-rentista (Perú, Ecuador y Argentina) revela los límites y las posibilidades de traspasar las disputas en el plano local para posicionar un proyecto de desarrollo alternativo al extractivismo en escala nacional y continental.
4
Wang, H., X. Ning, H. Zhang, Y. Liu, and F. Yu. "URBAN BOUNDARY EXTRACTION AND URBAN SPRAWL MEASUREMENT USING HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES: A CASE STUDY OF CHINA’S PROVINCIAL." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 1713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-1713-2018.
Abstract:
Urban boundary is an important indicator for urban sprawl analysis. However, methods of urban boundary extraction were inconsistent, and construction land or urban impervious surfaces was usually used to represent urban areas with coarse-resolution images, resulting in lower precision and incomparable urban boundary products. To solve above problems, a semi-automatic method of urban boundary extraction was proposed by using high-resolution image and geographic information data. Urban landscape and form characteristics, geographical knowledge were combined to generate a series of standardized rules for urban boundary extraction. Urban boundaries of China’s 31 provincial capitals in year 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 were extracted with above-mentioned method. Compared with other two open urban boundary products, accuracy of urban boundary in this study was the highest. Urban boundary, together with other thematic data, were integrated to measure and analyse urban sprawl. Results showed that China’s provincial capitals had undergone a rapid urbanization from year 2000 to 2015, with the area change from 6520 square kilometres to 12398 square kilometres. Urban area of provincial capital had a remarkable region difference and a high degree of concentration. Urban land became more intensive in general. Urban sprawl rate showed inharmonious with population growth rate. About sixty percent of the new urban areas came from cultivated land. The paper provided a consistent method of urban boundary extraction and urban sprawl measurement using high-resolution remote sensing images. The result of urban sprawl of China’s provincial capital provided valuable urbanization information for government and public.
5
Canterbury, Dennis C. "Capitalismo extractivo, imperialismo extractivo e imperialismo: una aclaración." Estudios Críticos del Desarrollo 8, no. 15 (November 29, 2018): 117–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35533/ecd.0815.dcc.
Abstract:
In this article the «extractive capitalism», the «extractive imperialism» and the «imperialism» are analyzed in order to clear out the confusion on the debate about neoextractivism caused by the interchangeable usage of these concepts. Urgent attention is required to reinforce the comprehension about the underlying class struggle in the extractive industries. The strating point is the counterpoint developed by Petras and Veltmeyer about the theorical and political issues of the state role in their review concerning the theory of neoextractivism. In order to understand their arguments is necessary to involve the three concepts. Their analysis about the relation between capitalism and imperialism is crucial to understand the extractive capitalism and the extractive imperialism. The argument is that the extractivism is the incarnation of a particular form of productive activity in the capitalist era that deepens the capitalism in the capitalist periphery. The extraction of natural resources is not a purely capitalist process or imperialist; the human beings have extracted their livelihood from the nature since the primitive communalism until the current capitalism. It is not the specific productive activity of extracting natural resources, that is capitalist or imperialist, since the capitalism, and by extension, the imperialism is associated with a variety of productive activities. The productive activity must have a place inside a capital-work salaried nexus in order to belong to a capitalist kind. Some of the first expositions about the definitions of this concepts are reviewed to help the activists to have a clear comprehension about the debate of the neoextractivism.
6
Chen, Wan-Jiun, and Chien-Ho Wang. "A General Cross-Country Panel Analysis for the Effects of Capitals and Energy, on Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 23, 2020): 5916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155916.
Abstract:
To clarify the effects of generalized capitals and energy footprint on aggregate incomes and total carbon dioxide emissions, a cross-country panel analysis is applied in the present study. The generalized capitals included in this study are human capital, manufacture capital, natural capitals (as rents of fossil fuels, forest, and minerals). The energy footprint is represented by the primary energy consumption to index the overall domestic energy use. A Cobb–Douglas production function is used to empirically study on a panel of 21 European Union countries. Annual data of rents of natural capitals are used to represent the economic value of natural capitals that flows to the economy. The following are the main findings of this study: (1) Employing human and manufactural capital makes contributions to income growth and carbon reduction. This study’s evidence guides to clarify the misunderstanding of capital and capitalism. Innovations through well-developed and well-managed human and manufactured capital can help sustain income and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. (2) Energy footprint is the vital determinant to total carbon dioxide emissions and hence the most important part of climate policy. (3) The value currently commeasured by monetary terms and compiled by the World Bank is evidenced, not persistently contributed to the income, rather contributed to total carbon dioxide emissions, for the sake of the energy-intensive attributes in the resource-extracting industry. The natural capitals represented by the rent of extracting endowed natural resources can only represent part of the value of natural capitals to human beings. The virtue values of natural capitals in terms of amenity and life supporting are inevitable, but intangible and hence incommensurable. This value is still ignored and unable to enter the contemporary gate of monetary national accounting system.
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Mao, Haibo, Joseph M. Genco, Adriaan van Heiningen, and Hemant Pendse. "Kraft mill biorefinery to produce acetic acid and ethanol: Technical economic analysis." BioResources 5, no. 2 (February 4, 2010): 525–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.5.2.525-544.
Abstract:
The “near neutral hemicellulose extraction process” involves extraction of hemicellulose using green liquor prior to kraft pulping. Ancillary unit operations include hydrolysis of the extracted carbohydrates using sulfuric acid, removal of extracted lignin, liquid-liquid extraction of acetic acid, liming followed by separation of gypsum, fermentation of C5 and C6 sugars, and upgrading the acetic acid and ethanol products by distillation. The process described here is a variant of the “near neutral hemicellulose extraction process” that uses the minimal amount of green liquor to maximize sugar production while still maintaining the strength quality of the final kraft pulp. Production rates vary between 2.4 to 6.6 million gallons per year of acetic acid and 1.0 and 5.6 million gallons per year of ethanol, depending upon the pulp production rate. The discounted cash flow rate of return for the process is a strong function of plant size, and the capital investment depends on the complexity of the process. For a 1,000 ton per day pulp mill, the production cost for ethanol was estimated to vary between $1.63 and $2.07/gallon, and for acetic acid between $1.98 and $2.75 per gallon depending upon the capital equipment requirements for the new process. To make the process economically attractive, for smaller mill sizes the processing must be simplified to facilitate reductions in capital cost.
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Esposito, Elena, and Scott F. Abramson. "The European coal curse." Journal of Economic Growth 26, no. 1 (March 2021): 77–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10887-021-09187-w.
Abstract:
AbstractIn this paper we examine the impact of natural resource wealth by focusing on historical coal-mining across European regions. As an exogenous source of variation in coal extraction activities, we rely on the presence of coal-deposits located on the earth’s surface, which historically facilitated the discovery and extraction of coal. Our results show that former coal-mining regions are substantially poorer, with (at least) 10% smaller per-capita GDP than comparable regions in the same country that did not mine coal. We provide evidence that much of this lag is explained by lower levels of human capital accumulation and that this human-capital effect is concentrated in men. Finally, we provide suggestive evidence that the persistently lower levels of human capital in coal mining regions that we document result from the crystallization of negative attitudes towards education and lower future orientations in these regions.
9
Ezquerro-Cañete, Arturo. "Canadian Capital and Extractive Imperialism." Latin American Perspectives 46, no. 2 (January 31, 2019): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x19829120.
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Orozco, Rebeca. "El avance neoliberal del capital extractivo en México: despojo y conflicto en la frontera extractiva." Estudios Críticos del Desarrollo 12, no. 22 (May 8, 2022): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35533/ecd.1222.ro.
Abstract:
En años recientes el extractivismo se ha agudizado, expandiendo sus operaciones en América Latina. México ha insertado su economía en la división internacional del trabajo de manera subordinada como proveedora de fuerza de trabajo barata y materias primas; es decir, mediante la superexplotación del trabajo y el despojo de bienes naturales. Las reformas estructurales neoliberales abrieron el camino para la penetración de inversión extranjera en actividades maquiladoras y extractivas en el país. Aunque la economía de México no ha sido reprimarizada al mismo grado que otros países de América Latina, las actividades extractivas se han expandido considerablemente desde las últimas décadas del siglo pasado. Actualmente, México es el productor de plata más grande del mundo y se ubica en el top diez internacional en la producción de oro, cobre y zinc. En este artículo se analiza el caso a México como un tipo de extractivismo neoliberal, enfocado principalmente en la minería, la actividad extractiva clásica. Se enfatiza el papel del Estado mexicano para facilitar el avance del capital extractivo y la expansión de las actividades mineras en México, y se plantea que las reformas neoliberales, junto con el desarrollo de tecnología de punta para la extracción y procesamiento de metales preciosos, como el oro y la plata, permitieron la expansión de la frontera extractiva hacia territorios previamente considerados como improductivos, los cuales están habitados principalmente por comunidades indígenas y campesinas.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Capital extractif":
1
Lisi, Cosimo. "Paris et l'origine coloniale de la ville contemporaine : accumulation primitive, production de l'espace, pratiques artistiques, production de subjectivité (XIXe et Xxe siècles)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA080012.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT: Cette recherche vise à interroger les formes à travers lesquelles l’articu- lation entre production artistique-culturelle et production capitaliste de l’espace urbain, s’est réalisée dans le contexte parisien, marqué par des pratiques d’intervention néocoloniale, en prenant en considération un temps long (xixe et xxe siècles).En retraçant les moments de rupture et de rencontre avec les processus d’accumulation et en suivant les territoires existentiels traversés, nous es- sayons de tracer le chemin qui a conduit certains mouvements artistiques à renverser le paradigme de l’art institutionnel et à construire un agence- ment entre production esthétique et production sociale. La restructura- tion capitaliste néolibérale des années 1980-1990 a investi cet agencement après la destruction des mouvements révolutionnaires des années 1960- 1970. Le dépassement de l’art, envisagé par les mouvements artistiques radicaux, s’est transformé en une nouvelle séparation à travers la rupture avec les classes jugées dangereuses, cible des stratégies de gouvernement, en se traduisant, dans les années 2000, dans un dépassement phantasma- gorique, dans la soi-disant ville créative. À la base des processus de ségré- gation / identification se trouve le dispositif cartographique qui structure les stratégies coloniales et néocoloniales d’organisation de l’espace urbain. L’accumulation primitive continue est une des clefs de lecture des proces- sus prises en considérationIn this research, I genealogically trace the progressive emergence of an articulation between artistical-cultural production and capitalist pro- duction in the urban shaping of Paris. I retain a long time (19th and 20th centuries) . At first, I consider how the early 2000s smart city model ab- sorbed and domesticated the radical claim by 1960s aesthetic movements to overcome art as a contemplative relationship. Whereas those move- ments posited the intimate connection between aesthetic and social pro- duction, the city following the capitalist restructuration present itself as a« fantasmagoric » unity. I then retrieve the deep conflicts structuring such apparent unity showing how contemporary urbanscape directly reorgan- ized colonial technologies, such as cartography and identification. The colonial matrix of urban governance highlights that segregating policies are at the heart of the aesthetic model of structuring both social partici- pation and neo-colonial exclusion within the contemporary urban space. Continuous primitive accumulation is a reading key of the process taken into consideration
2
Mack, Andrew Robert. "Rethinking the dynamics of capital accumulation in colonial and post-colonial Indonesia: Production Regulation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/498.
Abstract:
This thesis explores the forces driving a series of momentous transformations to Indonesia�s production and distribution systems since early colonial rule. The analysis of these forces is anchored in four conceptual themes: the basis of these systemic transformations, their politico-economic ordering as driven by a surplus-creation imperative, labour�s role in this imperative and its response to the �ordering�, and the mode of production as the historical setting within which the transformations occur. This thesis illuminates an analytical gap in the literature by nominating labour as the key force in wealth-creation and recognising its active role in challenging ruling appropriation regimes and in the broader social struggles against exploitation and oppression. The thematic focus defines the boundaries for an exploration of successive colonial and post-colonial ruling regimes. Early chapters examine how the Dutch penetrated the Indonesian politico-economy, entrenching their systems of production organisation and creating an exclusionary system of wealth appropriation. Appropriation systems are characterised by transitions in European political and economic systems, especially from mercantilism to industrial capitalism. The entrenchment of colonial power is considered in relation to the expansion of capitalist organisation in Indonesia. The state�s stimulation of this expansion is associated with an undermining of the country�s reproductive base and a growing challenge to foreign rule. The Japanese occupying force� demolition of colonial productive and distributive linkages and encouragement of independence activism is connected with a post-war struggle for independence. Links are drawn between colonial rule and the tensions and organisational difficulties faced by Republican regimes leading up to the New Order�s re-establishment of a strict regulatory regime, and the development of an indigenous system of capitalist organisation. The surplus-generation and appropriation perspective informs the evolution of Indonesia�s productive and economic systems across colonial and post-colonial epochs and the challenges to the system of social and production regulation that heralded the destabilisation of New Order rule and the rise of the contemporary era of political democracy.
3
Mack, Andrew Robert. "Rethinking the dynamics of capital accumulation in colonial and post-colonial Indonesia: Production Regulation." University of Sydney. Political Economy, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/498.
Abstract:
This thesis explores the forces driving a series of momentous transformations to Indonesia�s production and distribution systems since early colonial rule. The analysis of these forces is anchored in four conceptual themes: the basis of these systemic transformations, their politico-economic ordering as driven by a surplus-creation imperative, labour�s role in this imperative and its response to the �ordering�, and the mode of production as the historical setting within which the transformations occur. This thesis illuminates an analytical gap in the literature by nominating labour as the key force in wealth-creation and recognising its active role in challenging ruling appropriation regimes and in the broader social struggles against exploitation and oppression. The thematic focus defines the boundaries for an exploration of successive colonial and post-colonial ruling regimes. Early chapters examine how the Dutch penetrated the Indonesian politico-economy, entrenching their systems of production organisation and creating an exclusionary system of wealth appropriation. Appropriation systems are characterised by transitions in European political and economic systems, especially from mercantilism to industrial capitalism. The entrenchment of colonial power is considered in relation to the expansion of capitalist organisation in Indonesia. The state�s stimulation of this expansion is associated with an undermining of the country�s reproductive base and a growing challenge to foreign rule. The Japanese occupying force� demolition of colonial productive and distributive linkages and encouragement of independence activism is connected with a post-war struggle for independence. Links are drawn between colonial rule and the tensions and organisational difficulties faced by Republican regimes leading up to the New Order�s re-establishment of a strict regulatory regime, and the development of an indigenous system of capitalist organisation. The surplus-generation and appropriation perspective informs the evolution of Indonesia�s productive and economic systems across colonial and post-colonial epochs and the challenges to the system of social and production regulation that heralded the destabilisation of New Order rule and the rise of the contemporary era of political democracy.
4
Gilbert, Paul Robert. "Money mines : an ethnography of frontiers, capital and extractive industries in London and Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/60593/.
Abstract:
This thesis draws on over eighteen months of multi-sited fieldwork carried out in London and Dhaka, among geologists, lawyers, fund managers, engineers, and private sector development consultants intent on securing profitable extractive opportunities in new ‘frontier' markets, and among public intellectuals and politicians in Dhaka who oppose the development of Bangladesh's energy resources by foreign corporations. The thesis contributes to a recently revitalized anthropological political economy and engages critically with the actor–network theory-inspired ‘social studies of finance'. By tracing ethnographically the production of extractive industry capitalism, I show that capital is not merely free–flowing or reproduced by its own inevitable logic. Rather, the movement and accumulation of capital is facilitated by distinct forms of knowledge production, such as political risk analysis and the emergent field of Corporate Diplomacy, and by historically constituted legal norms, most notably those of investor–state arbitration. Equally, I show that the calculative capacities exercised by financial analysts and fund managers have material consequences far beyond those normally considered by scholars in the social studies of finance, who tend to confine their analyses to the ‘bounded fieldsites' provided by bank dealing rooms or stock exchange trading floors. Methodologically, this thesis defends the notion that ethnographically tracing the generation of extractive industry capitalism demands a rejection of the recent ‘post–critical' turn in the ethnography of experts and elite groups. Ultimately, I argue that what allows extractive industry capitalism to be generated is the subordination of the sovereignty of ‘frontier' states to the sovereignty of transnational extractive corporations. This subordination is supported by the norms of international arbitration, and is the source of the perceived ‘investment climate' stability that ultimately allows extractive industry capitalists to attract speculative investment for resource exploration in new ‘frontiers'.
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Quintana, Ashwell Nicolas Efrain. "Essays on optimal extraction of groundwater in Western Kansas." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38153.
Abstract:
Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Jeffrey M. Peterson
Nathan P. Hendricks
The two studies presented in this dissertation examine incentives for groundwater extraction and their resulting effect on aquifer depletion. Both studies apply dynamic optimization methods in a context of irrigated agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions such as in western Kansas. The first study examines the effects of capital subsidies aimed at increasing irrigation application efficiency. The second study examines the effects of changing incentives posed by changes in climatic patterns and by technical progress in the form of increasing crop water productivity. Both studies have significant policy and groundwater management implications. Subsidies for the adoption of (more) efficient irrigation technologies are commonly proposed and enacted with the goal of achieving water conservation. These subsidies are more politically feasible than water taxes or water use restrictions. The reasoning behind this type of policy is that increased application efficiency makes it possible to sustain a given level of crop production per acre with lower levels of groundwater pumping, all else equal. Previous literature argues that adoption of more efficient irrigation systems may not reduce groundwater extraction. Rewarding the acquisition of more efficient --and capital intensive-- irrigation equipment affects the incentives farmers have to pump groundwater. For instance, the farmer may choose to produce more valuable and water intensive crops or to expand the irrigated acreage after adopting the more efficient irrigation system. Hence, the actual impact of the policy on overall groundwater extraction and related aquifer depletion is unclear. The first chapter examines the effects of such irrigation technology subsidies using a model of inter-temporal common pool groundwater use with substitutable technology and declining well-yields from groundwater stocks, where pumping cost and stock externalities arise from the common property problem. An optimal control analytical model is developed and simulated with parameters from Sheridan County, Kansas-- a representative region overlying the Ogallala aquifer. The study contrasts competitive and optimal allocations and accounts for endogenous and time-varying irrigation capital on water use and groundwater stock. The analysis is the first to account for the labor savings from improved irrigation technologies. The results show that in the absence of policy intervention, the competitive solution yields an early period with underinvestment in efficiency-improving irrigation technology relative to the socially efficient solution, followed by a period of over-investment. This suggests a potential role for irrigation capital subsidies to improve welfare over certain ranges of the state variables. In contrast to previous work, the findings are evidence that significant returns may be achieved from irrigation capital subsidies. Finally, a policy scenario is simulated where an irrigation technology subsidy is implemented to explore whether such a program can capture significant portions of the potential welfare gain. Results indicate that the technology subsidy can improve welfare, but it captures a relatively small portion of the potential gains in welfare. The second chapter presents a dynamic model of groundwater extraction for irrigation where climate change and technical progress are included as exogenous state variables-- in addition to the usual state variable of the stock of groundwater. The key contributions of this study are (i) an intuitive description of the conditions under which groundwater extraction can be non-monotonic, (ii) a numerical demonstration that extraction is non-monotonic in an important region overlying the Ogallala Aquifer, and (iii) the predicted gains from management are substantially larger after accounting for climate and technical change. Intuitively, optimal extraction is increasing in early periods when the marginal benefits of extraction are increasing sufficiently fast due to climate and technical change compared to the increase in the marginal cost of extraction. In contrast, most previous studies include the stock of groundwater as the only state variable and, consequently, recommend a monotonically decreasing extraction path. In this study, the numerical simulations for a region in Kansas overlying the Ogallala Aquifer indicate that optimal groundwater extraction peaks 23 years in the future and the gains from management are large (29.5%). Consistent with previous literature, the predicted gains from management are relatively small (6.1%) when ignoring climate and technical change. The realized gains from management are not substantially impacted by incorrect assumptions of climate and technical change when formulating the optimal plan.
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Gómez, Andrés. "Resisting abandonment: An ethnography of oil workers' resistance to political violence and capital accumulation in rural Colombia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-277715.
Abstract:
Colombia is the worst country to be a trade unionist in the world. Approximately 3,000 workers have been assassinated in the last 30 years, the state, paramilitary organizations and some multinationals being responsible for most of the murders. This fact highlights the importance of researching the mechanisms of mass violence against trade unionists including the mechanisms on part of the trade unionists that keep trade unionism alive. Because of the importance of studying power and resistance as part of social change, this thesis presents an ethnography of political violence against the labourers and the trade unionists that work for Pacific Rubiales Energy in the department of Meta, with focus on how those trade unionists resist such violence with an open resistance to both political violence and coercive capital accumulation. I state that the trade unionists, by adapting their list of demands to the locals' social and environmental needs, overstep corporatist trade unionism allowing them to break the social and physical death imposed by the state, the mafias and the multinational. I argue that the trade unionists' open resistance not only allows them to continue their social struggle and to challenge the violence exerted against them, but permits them to modernize a country that sustains a semi-feudal structure beneficial for the multinationals, the mafia barons and the economic and political elites by challenging their corrupt and murderous relations.
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Lee, Angela. "Seeding Sustainability Over Extracting Capital: Advancing a Vision for Technology Justice in the Canadian Agri-Food Sector." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42003.
Abstract:
The detrimental consequences associated with industrial models of food production are becoming more difficult to ignore. In response, one dominant approach to mitigating the myriad environmental, social, and ethical harms relating to food has sought to increase the efficiency of agricultural outputs through scientific and technological innovation. Although technology certainly has some role to play in any vision of a sustainable future, technocratic approaches to problem solving are insufficient—and arguably inappropriate—for addressing many of the kinds of complex challenges that we face today.
There are recent indications that both agri-food law and policy and innovation policy are being taken more seriously in Canada, which creates an opportunity to reflect more deliberately on their ends and means. This dissertation explores the topic of how laws, policies, and other tools of governance can work to better align technological innovations in the agri-food sector with shared environmental goals and ethical aspirations. Taking a critical legal perspective closely informed by feminist insights and the work of existing, analogous justice movements, I examine several interlinkages between technology, law, the environment, and society to evaluate some of the failings of existing approaches to food systems transformation and to offer a contribution to the conversation about alternative pathways. Given the context-specific nature of food systems and food systems governance, my focus is primarily on Canada, but the universal importance of food in a globalized world renders some comparative and transnational discussion unavoidable.
I use case studies and discourse analysis to demonstrate that, when considered through a justice-oriented lens, several of the new and emerging technologies being championed in the agri-food sector may not be as beneficial as their proponents claim. Instead, they may serve to retrench injustice and cement existing, exploitative power structures, making them more difficult to challenge and change later down the line. Thus, if technologies are to serve public instead of private interests in the ways they are incentivized, designed, regulated, and used, we will need to see broad systemic and structural reforms informed by thoughtful shifts in our values and priorities, rather than merely reactive adjustments to our policies and practices. Though this undertaking will be difficult, it is not impossible; this dissertation offers one way to facilitate the process of seeding change for environmental sustainability and technological justice.
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Barreto, Joana Correia. "Financial debt determinants of United Kingdom's crude petroleum extraction companies: an empirical investigation." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2394.
Abstract:
Master in FinanceThe main purposes of this research are to test the importance of capital structure determinants (firm size, profitability, liquidity, non-debt tax shields and asset specificity) and to demonstrate their contribution when applied to leverage measures (total debt, short-term debt and long-term debt). An empirical examination of financial data related to United Kingdom's crude petroleum extraction companies during the five years period 2003-2007 was made, modelling the debt ratios as functions of company specific attributes hypothesized by capital structure theories. Using linear regression models, the results achieved demonstrate that: (i) the profitability extensively influence the capital structure of U.K.'s crude petroleum extraction firms; (ii) the results on firm size variable confirmed to be relevant for the leverage explanation (computed as total debt and long-term debt) and indicate that the larger the firm the higher the leverage it is able to achieve and maintain; (iii) the non-debt tax shields results have proven to be aligned with the ones frequently reached since the coefficient obtained is negative for total debt and short-term debt; however, they are only significant for the short-term debt model; and (iv) liquidity and asset specificity are not significant for the measures of leverage explanation.
O presente trabalho tem como principais objectivos aferir a importância dos determinantes da estrutura de capital (dimensão da empresa, rentabilidade, liquidez, poupança fiscal não associada ao endividamento e especificidade dos activos) e demonstrar a sua relevância na explicação dos rácios de endividamento. Foi empiricamente analisada a informação financeira de um conjunto de empresas britânicas, pertencentes ao sector de extracção de petróleo bruto, para o período temporal de 2003 a 2007. As medidas de endividamento foram constituídas como funções que os diversos factores específicos das empresas, enumerados pelas teorias relativas à estrutura de capital, deveriam explicar. Recorrendo a modelos de regressão linear, os resultados alcançados permitem retirar as seguintes conclusões: (i) a rentabilidade influencia a estrutura de capital das empresas de extracção de petróleo bruto do Reino Unido; (ii) os resultados relativos à dimensão da empresa confirmaram a sua relevância para a explicação dos rácios de endividamento total e de longo prazo e indicam que quanto maior a empresa, maior o endividamento que a mesma consegue atingir e manter; (iii) a poupança fiscal não associada ao endividamento apenas influencia significativamente a dívida de curto prazo; contudo os coeficientes obtidos para a dívida total e de curto prazo estão ambos de acordo com a teoria académica uma vez que se apresentam com sinal negativo; e (iv) a liquidez e a especificidade dos activos não parecem ser factores relevantes na explicação da estrutura de capital das empresas de extracção de petróleo bruto do Reino Unido.
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Banoub, Daniel. "The problem of fluctuation : nature, capital, and measure in Newfoundland's saltfish industry, 1887-1937." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-problem-of-fluctuation-nature-capital-and-measure-in-newfoundlands-saltfish-industry-18871937(19f5d22f-da42-4ec2-ad49-e9565f4ecff6).html.
Abstract:
This thesis examines scientific, technological, and organizational innovations in Newfoundland's saltfish industry between 1887 and 1937. Since entering the orbit of European capital in the fifteenth century, Newfoundland's economy and society was organized around the export of saltfish (salted and dried cod) to consuming markets in Southern Europe and Latin America. By the nineteenth century, saltfish production was organized primarily around the small-scale fishing family financed by merchant capital. This mode of production consistently produced a large aggregate amount of saltfish of highly uneven quality. By the late-nineteenth century, however, this production system was placed under pressure as consumers in the key European markets demanded uniformly high quality saltfish, and Newfoundland's competitors began providing it. Using archival and secondary sources, this thesis examines attempts to improve and modernize saltfish production in Newfoundland over a fifty-year period, beginning with the formation of the first Fisheries Commission in 1887.I argue that saltfish producers had to confront and overcome "the problem of fluctuation." This refers to both the biogeophysical processes controlling the quantity of cod extracted (reproduction, predation, ocean dynamics, etc.) and the biogeophysical processes determining the quality of saltfish produced and consumed (decomposition, preservation, socio-biology of consumption). In contrast to many studies of the political economy of fishing, and inspired by agrarian political economy, I develop a theoretical framework called "aquarian political economy" that expands the analytical focus beyond extraction to include the entire circulation of capital. Between 1887 and 1937, I document a number of attempts at reshaping biogeophysical processes to suit the dynamics of capital accumulation in the "upstream" (pre-extraction) and "downstream" (post-extraction) phases of production. These innovations proceeded by way of introducing abstract, scientific forms of measure, which identified and helped render biogeophysical processes as amenable to human control. I define these innovations as moments in an expanded conception of the "real subsumption of nature under capital." Although many of these innovations and interventions were defined by false starts and only partial success, I conclude that this period witnessed a shift in the notion of expertise from practical experience on the ocean to techno-scientific managerial knowledge behind the desk. Through my empirical research and theoretical framework, this thesis makes a contribution to the political economy of fishing, critical resource geography, and the historical political economy of Newfoundland.
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Prá, Valéria Dal. "Brassica oleracea var. capitata: EXTRAÇÃO, CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA E ATIVIDADE BIOLÓGICA DE METABÓLITOS SECUNDÁRIOS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5969.
Abstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe main objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extracts of Brassica oleracea var. capitata, obtained by supercritical CO2 and ultrasound-assisted extractions, as well as to carry out the characterization of these extracts using gas chromatography coupled with mass detector. For supercritical CO2, five extractions were performed to investigate the influence of pressure (10-25 MPa) and temperature (20-60°C) on the extraction yield, chemical composition and antioxidant activity towards peroxyl, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. The highest extraction yield was 0.47% at 60 °C and 25 MPa. In the characterization of the extracts was possible to identify compounds like sulforaphane and iberin nitrile. All extracts showed antioxidant activity for the three radicals, although the highest activity for all radicals was obtained using the extract obtained at 60 °C and 25 MPa (run 2). For the ultrasound-assisted extraction were evaluated the effects of solvent concentration and temperature. The extracts obtained in the optimized extraction condition, were subjected to different hydrolysis conditions before use in biological assays. It was evaluated the antioxidant activity against DPPH, superoxide and peroxyl radicals, besides the antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Both crude and hydrolyzed extracts were characterized by gas chromatography coupled with mass detector. The best condition for extraction was 30 ° C and 60% (w /v) of ethanol. All extracts showed antioxidant activity towards DPPH, superoxide and peroxyl radicals, but the use of hydrolyzed extracts improved considerably the antioxidant activities. Antibacterial activity was detected only in extracts hydrolysates Brassica oleracea var. capitata. The main contributions of this work were that the use of supercritical CO2 extraction to obtain bioactive compounds from Brassica oleracea var. capitata showed a promising alternative to conventional methods of extraction, since it allowed the extraction of compounds of interest in science and industry. Besides, in this work was demonstrated that the hydrolysis of extracts can increase the antioxidant activity of plant extracts.
O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antioxidante e antibacteriana de extratos de Brassica oleracea var. capitata, obtidos a partir de extração supercrítica e extração por ultrassom, além de caracterizá-los por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à detector de massas. Para os compostos bioativos apolares de Brassica oleracea var. capitata, utilizou-se extração com CO2 supercrítico e avaliou-se o potencial antioxidante dos extratos. Foram realizadas cinco extrações para investigar a influência da pressão (10 - 25 MPa) e temperatura (20 - 60°C) no rendimento da extração, na composição química e na atividade antioxidante frente os radicais peroxila, superóxido e hidroxila. Obteve-se o maior rendimento de extração 0,47% a 60 °C e 25 MPa. Na caracterização dos extratos foi possível a identificação de compostos como sulforafano e iberin nitrila. Todos os extratos apresentaram atividade antioxidante para os três radicais, porém a maior atividade para todos os radicais foi o extrato obtido a 60°C e 25 MPa. Para os compostos bioativos polares, otimizou-se a extração assistida por ultrassom. Os extratos obtidos nas melhores condições de extração foram submetidos a diferentes condições de hidrólise, antes da sua utilização nos ensaios biológicos. Avaliou-se a atividade antioxidante, frente ao radical DPPH, superóxido e peroxila, além da atividade antibacteriana, frente a S.aureus e E.coli. Tanto os extratos brutos quanto os hidrolisados, foram caracterizados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à detector de massas. A melhor condição de extração foi a 30ºC e 60% (m/v) de etanol. Todos os extratos apresentaram atividade antioxidante frente aos radicais DPPH, superóxido e peroxila, mas o uso de extratos hidrolisados melhorou consideravelmente a atividade antioxidante. Em relação à atividade antibacteriana, apenas uma amostra, que foi submetida à condição de hidrólise alcalina apresentou ação frente a E.coli. Uma das principais contribuições deste trabalho foi que a utilização de extração com CO2 supercrítico, para obtenção de compostos bioativos de Brassica oleracea var. capitata, mostrou ser uma alternativa promissora em relação aos métodos convencionais de extração, pois permitiu a extração de compostos com interesse científico e industrial. Além disso, foi demonstrado que a hidrólise dos extratos pode aumentar consideravelmente a atividade antioxidante de extratos vegetais em relação aos extratos brutos.
Books on the topic "Capital extractif":
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H, Sullivan Patrick, ed. Profiting from intellectual capital: Extracting value from innovation. New York: Wiley, 1998.
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Liu, Jin-tan. The behavior of the extractive firm with jointly produced natural resources. Nankang, Taipei, Republic of China: Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, 1989.
3
Lewis, J. C. J. Zimbabwe tax service: Including the Capital Gains Tax Act and Finance Act extracts, Value Added Tax. Harare: ZXNET, 1995.
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Nicola Valley Coal and Coke Company., ed. Prospectus of Nicola Valley Coal and Coke Company, Limited: Incorporated under the laws of British Columbia : share capital : one million five hundred thousand dollars ($1,500,000), divided into 15,000 shares of one hundred dollars each ... Vancouver: [s.n., 1997.
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Great Britain. Colonial Office. British Columbia: Return to an address of the Honourable the House of Commons, dated 2 July 1868 for, "Copy or extracts of correspondence between governor Kennedy of Vancouver Island, governor Seymour of British Columbia, and the Colonial Office, on the subject of a site for the capital of British Columbia". [London: HMSO, 2002.
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Panama. Código penal de la República de Panamá: [incluye texto del código procesal penal, 26 normas de legislación complementaria, (Armas, blanqueo de capitales, tráfico de Drogas, Derechos, Humanos, corrupción, Salud Pública, víolencia, voméstica, Sistema Penitenciario, delitos dcológicos, calumnia e cInjuria, Derecho de Autor, contrabando) más de 190 extractos de jurisprudencia, declaratorias de Inconsitucionalidad y constitucionalidad]. 2nd ed. Panamá: Sistemas Jurídicas, 2010.
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Sullivan, Patrick H. Profiting from Intellectual Capital : Extracting Value from Innovation. Wiley, 2001.
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Sullivan, Patrick H. Profiting from Intellectual Capital: Extracting Value from Innovation. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.
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van der Ploeg, Frederick, and Anthony J. Venables. Extractive Revenues and Government Spending. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0009.
Abstract:
This chapter looks at the prescription of optimally managing natural resource revenue windfalls by smoothing consumption across generations using an intergenerational sovereign wealth fund that only invests in foreign assets and is not appropriate for resource-rich developing economies. It is better for these economies to use their windfalls to boost investment in the domestic economy, especially when they confront capital scarcity and have poor access to international capital markets. However, it is important for such economies to have a parking fund to temporarily ‘park’ funds until absorption constraints are alleviated, and a stabilization fund to smooth out volatile budgets given the high stochastic volatility of commodity prices, especially if the economy is inflexible and has few other ways of adjusting to price shocks.
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SULLIVAN. Profiting from Intellectual Capital: Extracting Va Lue from Innovation. John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2001.
Book chapters on the topic "Capital extractif":
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Gomez, Edmund Terence, and Suzana Sawyer. "State, Capital, Multinational Institutions, and Indigenous Peoples." In The Politics of Resource Extraction, 33–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230368798_3.
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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Lespedeza Capitata Extract." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 318. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_5963.
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Boutilier, Robert G. "Resource Extraction, Ethics, and Social Capital." In Encyclopedia of Business and Professional Ethics, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23514-1_182-1.
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Boutilier, Robert G. "Resource Extraction, Ethics, and Social Capital." In Encyclopedia of Business and Professional Ethics, 1579–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22767-8_182.
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Crampton, Jeremy. "How Digital Geographies Render Value: Geofences, the Blockchain, and the Possibilities of Slow Alternatives." In Knowledge and Digital Technology, 257–79. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39101-9_14.
Abstract:
AbstractThis chapter proceeds in two parts. First, it situates the way that digital geographies render value by creating new markets for the creation, extraction, and capture of that value. Two digital geographies are highlighted: geofences/geoframing and cryptocurrencies on the blockchain. Drawing on the renewed interest in theorizing the digital urban growth machine, I analyze these new markets as forms of toxic innovation dominated by a focus on growth and extractive value. Second, I examine the possibilities for alternative responsible innovation that creates social value, which I call the Slow Data Economy. Inspired by the ethics of slowness, slow data centers accountability, the human-in-the-loop, local co-design, and vision making for the future city. By working with the possibilities of responsible innovation, I explore how the Slow Data Economy can be a form of “capital switching” in which investment is switched from a focus on growth and extraction to care and repair.
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Łazor, Jerzy. "French capital in interwar Polish resource extraction." In The Political Economy of Interwar Foreign Investment, 98–117. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003375586-5.
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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Brassica Oleracea Capitata Extract." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_1301.
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Bukharin, Nikolai. "Extract from ‘Imperialism and the Accumulation of Capital’." In Imperialism, 337–44. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003101512-24.
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Upadhyay, Upashna, Poonam Kaithal, Preetam Verma, Rohit Lall, and Poonam Singh. "Analysis of Pectin in Different Citrus Fruits and Evolutionary Relationship." In Proceedings of the Conference BioSangam 2022: Emerging Trends in Biotechnology (BIOSANGAM 2022), 268–75. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-020-6_26.
Abstract:
AbstractPectin is a polysaccharide present in fruit cell walls can be extracted from fruit wastes obtained after processing. The objective of the present investigation was to study the potential of citrus fruit peels to be a source of pectin as it is of great importance in food and medical industry. This study aimed at comparing the characteristics of different pectin and to see which one is more suitable for industrial application. Pectin was extracted using alcohol precipitation method from peels of grapefruit, mousambi, and orange so that the use of pectin can be applied to a wider range. According to the study, the pectin extracted by mousambi on wet basis (17.1%) was higher in comparison to the pectin extraction of orange and grapefruit. The pectin can be used in many fields like food and medicines so the improvement in quality and production is very important. MicroRNAs have the main function of guiding the base pairing with target mRNA to negatively regulate its expression for gene silencing via mRNA clevage. In the present study we also found the phylogenetic relationship among the citrus fruits by multiple sequence alignment of microRNAs stem-loop sequence from the miRbase database of the citrus fruits and after getting phylogenetic tree we got the common ancestors. In recent years, the center of production has moved to Europe and to citrus- producing countries like Mexico and Brazil. Further changes of structure and location of the industry continue, but are constrained by the need for large capital investment to setup Plant of economic size, and the need for a large-scale source or sources of raw material.
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Luxemburg, Rosa. "Extracts from ‘The Accumulation of Capital – An Anti-Critique’." In Imperialism, 282–90. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003101512-20.
Conference papers on the topic "Capital extractif":
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Palanisamy, Paavithraa, Yashvini Mohan, Izni Atikah Abd Hamid, Arif Zaidi Jusoh, Hadijah Hassan, and Nazlina Zulbadli. "Extraction of flavonoid from young leaves of Carica papaya using combined microwave and solvent extraction process." In MATERIALS V INTERNATIONAL YOUTH APPLIED RESEARCH FORUM “OIL CAPITAL”: Conference Series “OIL CAPITAL”. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0165218.
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Panayotova, Marinela, and Vladko Panayotov. "Electrochemical method for treatment of metals extraction waste." In MATERIALS V INTERNATIONAL YOUTH APPLIED RESEARCH FORUM “OIL CAPITAL”: Conference Series “OIL CAPITAL”. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0165373.
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Gori, Fabio. "Preliminary Results for Forecasting the Oil Price Evolution With Negative Inflation Rate." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86729.
Abstract:
Mass conservation equation is employed to study the time evolution of the mass of oil remaining in a reservoir, according to the mass flow rate of extraction, and to define the critical mass flow rate of extraction, which is the value exhausting the reservoir in an infinite time. The price evolution with time of the resource sold to the market is investigated in case of no-accumulation and no-depletion of the resources; i.e. when the resources are extracted and sold to the market at the same mass flow rate. The energy conservation equation is transformed into an energy-capital conservation equation, which allows to study the oil price evolution with time, dependent on the following parameters. The parameter PIFE, “Price Increase Factor of Extracted resource”, is the difference between the basic interest rate of the capital, e.g. inflation rate, and the mass flow rate of extraction. The parameter PIFS, “Price Increase Factor of Sold resource”, is the difference between the interest rate of the capital, e.g. prime rate, and the mass flow rate of extraction. The parameter CIPS, “Critical Initial Price of Sold resource”, depends on the initial price of the extracted resource, the interest rate of non-extracted resource, and the difference between PIFS and PIFE. The parameter CIPES, “Critical Initial Price Extreme of Sold resource”, depends on the initial price of the extracted resource, the interest rate of non-extracted resource, and PIFS. The present theory is applied to the time evolution of the oil price during the years following the economic crisis of 2008, introducing the new category of cases with a negative inflation rate, that was registered during 2009. The present theory can be applied also to the months with negative inflation rate with a reasonable fair agreement.
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Kristiansen, Raymond, and Chris Petrich. "Extracting human capital from aggregated data." In 2016 International Symposium on Small-scale Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (SIMS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sims.2016.7802898.
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Omotosho, Yetunde, Williams Adeyemi, and Lateef Akinpelu. "Nigerian Stranded Gas Utilization–Investment and Risk Analysis of a Medium Scale GTL Option." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208240-ms.
Abstract:
Abstract Nigerian stranded gas reserves is a vast natural gas resource opportunity (with estimates exceeding 84 trillion cubic feet or 44% of current proved reserves of 190.4 Tcf) is already being monetized especially as the global environment continues to favour low carbon footprint energy sources. Natural gas utilization projects such as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Independent Power Projects (IPP), Gas-to-Liquid (GTL), from associated gas (AG) have taken off, however, Nigeria still struggles with low pace of stranded gas development as a result of huge capital expenditure outlays, uncertain fiscal terms as well as inadequate infrastructure, hence, stranded gas remains minimally tapped. Not only that, they exist in pockets of fields unevenly dispersed across Nigerian fields. About 70% of the onshore stranded gas are found in fields with less than 500 billion cubic feet (bcf) reserves, severely limiting gathering system optimization opportunities. In this work, GTL option is investigated as a viable utilization option. A modular medium scale GTL plant with a capacity to produce 25,000 barrels per day of premium products, is considered. GTL economics is analyzed with and without Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) extraction. The various internal and external risks associated with its development, are also explored. Without NGL extraction accruing to the GTL owner, the project becomes unattractive and never pays out within the projected timeframe of operation. With NGL extraction, project payout is 10 years, NPV@10% is $1,132.6 million and IRR is 15.4%. From the risk assessment, the capital expenditure (CAPEX) and product prices (NGL price being the most important) are major factors affecting project economic risks. Because of the huge impact of NGL extraction on GTL economics, consideration will have to be given to alternative incentives to improve profitability where this extraction opportunity is low or non-existent by fiscal authorities.
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Demiraj, Rezrt, Suzan Dsouza, and Enida Demiraj. "Capital Structure and Profitability: Panel Data Evidence from the European Tourism Industry." In Sixth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.s.p.2022.1.
Abstract:
Finding the optimal debt-equity mix, where shareholders’ welfare and firm value are maximized is the goal of every business organization. The literature review revealed a broad spectrum of mixed and contradictory empirical findings on this topic, suggesting that the debate is far from over. This paper aims to assess the impact of capital structure on the profitability of the tourism industry in the European continent. This study is motivated by the importance that the tourism industry has for the economic development of European countries. The sample includes all European-listed firms in the tourism industry. Data is extracted from the Thomson Reuters (Refinitiv) database for a period of 10 years, i.e., 2010-2019. Panel data regression is used to determine the impact of the debt-to-assets ratio on the return on assets. The results reveal that the debt ratio has a significant negative impact on ROA, but not on ROE.
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Kuzmina, Olga Yuryevna, and Ivan Valerievich Konovalov. "FEATURES OF THE MECHANISM FOR IMPLEMENTING THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-1-894/898.
Abstract:
The article describes in detail the process of initial public distribution of securities, and identifies its features. The author focuses on the functions of the underwriter and its role in the implementation of an IPO conducted by the company not only to attract additional capital, but also to extract income
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Ibrahim, Mohamed Walid A., and Syed Ali Yousaf. "Proven Effective Contracting Strategy to Enhance Brownfield Capital Projects Execution." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210889-ms.
Abstract:
Abstract Long Term Agreement (LTA) contracting strategy is a new developed strategy for capital projects that has holistic objective of not only eliminating the Cons of traditional heavily implemented contracting strategies; Lump Sum TurnKey (LSTK) and Lump Sum Procure and Build (LSPB) but more importantly to increase the domestic dependency on manpower and manufacturing. LTA is a hybrid strategy between LSTK and Work Unit Rate/ Time Unit Rate (WUR/TUR). For a fixed period of time and specific work zone, contractor is granted LSTK contracts for an agreed upon WUR. In this paper, the development of this new strategy will be discussed, its Pros and what advantages it achieved after implementation. Existing processing facilities consistently need upgrades that is business driven hence, need to be executed on an expedited mode while the projects budgets are relatively low (less than $100 million US dollars). These projects need to be executed while the existing facility is on stream, producing and within a specific schedule and pre-determined aggressive milestones. Hence, the implementation of LTA contracting strategy for oil and gas capital projects in brown fields can reduce contracting phase period by up to 70 %. This paper research work is focused on the implementation of LTA contracting strategy in brown field projects specifically in gas processing facilities construction projects with budget less than $100 milion US dollars/ project department. The evaluation compares the current recommended LSTK contracting strategy verses LTA contracting strategy proposed. The two strategies are assessed on the bases of time efficiency and effectiveness of cost control during the project execution life cycle. The comparison was done on realistic time utilizing decision tools analysis approach. The time frames are extracted from processes mandated by "Company" Engineering procedures "SAEP". The two awarding strategies are furthered analyzed using lean tools and methods. Furthermore, a comparison between the three contracting strategies; LSTK, LSPB, and LTA is conducted. In 2019, the author has published a paper with the same comparison between LSTK and LSPB for capital projects with budgets $100 million US dollars or less under specific conditions. Four (4) sets of assessments were conducted with one variable effect is assessed at a time and the remaining are finalized in order to develop recommendation for which contracting strategy to be used when. In the current paper, the author(s) chose to conduct a similar assessment with minor modifications on the conditions but with the introduction of the LTA as a third contracting option. New set of recommendations are developed and graph distribution will be displayed. It can be shown that the newly introduced contracting strategy LTA has significant advantages and positive impact on both the company and stockholders. For instance, it will improve the Overall performance of Oil & Gas (O&G) brownfield upgrade projects execution to align with Industry Benchmark through the following focused benefits; improving the contracting cycle time by 70% hence optimizing the procurement cycle. It will allow contractors to allocate dedicated construction resources which will create a strong potential for cost and schedule optimization and effective planning/execution for bottleneck activities like Tie-ins and shutdown related scope. Availability of high-quality skilled manpower will most definitely improve job site quality and safety related issues. In addition, a demand on local manufacturing industry will increase. Therefore, there will be an increase in the Local jobs offering and strong support for the government In Kingdom Total Value-Added program (IKTVA) aimed at development and retaining of local manpower and Saudi resources.
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Richardson, Daniel S., and George A. Aggidis. "The Economics of Multi-Axis Point Absorber Wave Energy Converters." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11379.
Abstract:
This paper examines the economic advantages and disadvantages of multi-axis point absorber wave energy converters in comparison to conventional heave-only point absorbers. A multi-axis point absorber wave energy converter (MA-PAWEC) is classified as a point absorber device that has a power take off (PTO) system extracting energy from more than one mode of motion (e.g. heave and surge). The majority of existing point absorber devices operate in heave mode alone. Therefore the forces exerted along other axes must be resisted by the mooring system, any reciprocal component of which constitutes a wasted opportunity to extract energy. The economics of PAWECs are governed by the available resource, energy generated by the device, capital cost and operational cost. These factors are examined for MA-PAWECs and compared to a generic heave-PAWEC. For a performance comparison, a simple generic body PAWEC is examined under heave mode operation and multi-axis operation in a representative spectrum. The modelling is based on linear potential theory. The potential advantages of MA-PAWECS are identified as greater energy absorption, fewer installed devices for a given capacity, and greater array control. Disadvantages include higher capex, higher maintenance costs and sensitivity to PTO costs. The performance and costs are assigned an estimated economic scaling factor and are applied to a generic heave-PAWEC for an economic comparison of the two devices. This indicates that a multi-axis approach to point absorbers could offer a 21% lower cost of electricity than the incumbent heave-response devices.
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Topaloğlu, Mustafa. "Establishment of a Company and Share Acquisitions in Turkey by Foreigner Investors." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02230.
Abstract:
Relating to the establishment and acquisition of a company in Turkey by foreign investors, Foreign Direct Investments Law No.4875, FDI has entered into force on 17.06.2003. FDI formed a notification-based system rather than an approval-based system for foreigners to establish a new company and to take over company shares. Accordingly, company information regarding foreign investors will be notified to the General Directorate of Incentive Implementation and Foreign Capital via “Electronic Incentive Implementation and Foreign Capital Information System”. Foreign investment means establishment of a new company by a foreign investor or share acquisitions of an existing company, any percentage of shares acquired outside the stock exchange or 10 percentage or more of the shares/voting power of a company acquired through the stock exchange, by means of the following economic assets: assets acquired from abroad by the foreign investor which are capital in cash in the form of convertible currency bought and sold by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, stocks and bonds of foreign companies excluding government bonds, machinery and equipment, industrial and intellectual property rights; or assets acquired from Turkey by foreign investor which are reinvested earnings, revenues, financial claims, or any other investment-related rights of financial value, rights for the exploration and extraction of natural resources. According to Article 4 of the Regulation for Implementation of Foreign Direct Investment Law, the Ministry of Economy shall provide information on the companies within the scope of foreign direct investments from Trade Registry Offices and related public institutions and organizations.
Reports on the topic "Capital extractif":
1
Balza, Lenin, Camilo De Los Rios, and Nathaly M. Rivera. Digging Deep: Resource Exploitation and Higher Education. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004495.
Abstract:
Do resource-extraction booms crowd out postsecondary education? We explore this question by examining the higher education-related decisions of Chilean high school graduates during the 2000s commodities boom. We find mineral extraction increases a person's likelihood of enrolling in postsecondary technical education while reducing the likelihood of completing a four-year professional degree program. Importantly, effects are heterogeneous across economic backgrounds. The impact on college dropouts is primarily present among students that graduated from public high schools, which generally cater to low-income groups. Our findings show that natural resources may affect human capital accumulation differently across income groups in resource-rich economies.
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Chazel, Simon, Sophie Bernard, and Hassan Benchekroun. Energy transition under mineral constraints and recycling: A low-carbon supply peak. CIRANO, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/ezhr6690.
Abstract:
What are the implications of primary mineral constraints for the energy transition? Low-carbon energy production uses green capital, which requires primary minerals. We build on the seminal framework for the transition from a dirty to a clean energy in Golosov et al. (2014) to incorporate the role played by primary minerals and their potential recycling. We characterize the optimal paths of the energy transition under various mineral constraint scenarios. Mineral constraints limit the development of green energy in the long run: low-carbon energy production eventually reaches a plateau. We run our simulations using copper as the limiting mineral and we allow for its full recycling. Even in the limiting case of a 100% recycling rate, after five to six decades green energy production is 50% lower than in the scenario with unlimited primary copper, and after 30 decades, GDP is 3–8% lower. In extension scenarios, we confirm that a longer life duration of green capital delays copper extraction and the green energy peak, whereas reduced recycling caps moves the peak in green energy production forward.
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Eberle, Caitlyn. Technical Report: Haiti earthquake. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/czxc9603.
Abstract:
On 14 August 2021, Haiti was hit by a magnitude 7.2 earthquake with an epicentre in the Canal du Sud (120 km west of the capital, Port-au-Prince). The earthquake killed over 2,200 people and injured more than 12,000. The vulnerability of the Haitian people to such a disaster can be traced back through centuries of colonial exploitation, resource extraction and political instability; displaying very clearly that disasters are byproducts of the societal construction of risk. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the Haiti earthquake through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
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Walsh, Alex. The Contentious Politics of Tunisia’s Natural Resource Management and the Prospects of the Renewable Energy Transition. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.048.
Abstract:
For many decades in Tunisia, there has been a robust link between natural resource management and contentious national and local politics. These disputes manifest in the form of protests, sit-ins, the disruption of production and distribution and legal suits on the one hand, and corporate and government response using coercive and concessionary measures on the other. Residents of resource-rich areas and their allies protest the inequitable distribution of their local natural wealth and the degradation of their health, land, water, soil and air. They contest a dynamic that tends to bring greater benefit to Tunisia’s coastal metropolitan areas. Natural resource exploitation is also a source of livelihoods and the contentious politics around them have, at times, led to somewhat more equitable relationships. The most important actors in these contentious politics include citizens, activists, local NGOs, local and national government, international commercial interests, international NGOs and multilateral organisations. These politics fit into wider and very longstanding patterns of wealth distribution in Tunisia and were part of the popular alienation that drove the uprising of 2011. In many ways, the dynamic of the contentious politics is fundamentally unchanged since prior to the uprising and protests have taken place within the same month of writing of this paper. Looking onto this scene, commentators use the frame of margins versus centre (‘marginalization’), and also apply the lens of labour versus capital. If this latter lens is applied, not only is there continuity from prior to 2011, there is continuity with the colonial era when natural resource extraction was first industrialised and internationalised. In these ways, the management of Tunisia’s natural wealth is a significant part of the country’s serious political and economic challenges, making it a major factor in the street politics unfolding at the time of writing.