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Journal articles on the topic 'Capital crime'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Fardiansyah, Ahmad Irzal. "Why Indonesia Maintain Capital Punishment?" Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 15, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v15no1.1904.

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The death penalty in Indonesia is still maintained to combat crime within the Indonesian criminal law reform. Although many states have it removed, Indonesia would have the sole discretion to keep it. Despite the opposition, the death penalty application still has a juridical and sociological basis, so it is still legal to be maintained. Indonesia itself has overshadowed the death penalty with a form of legality according to international law so that the position of Indonesia that still maintain the death penalty cannot be blamed. Moreover, sociologically, Indonesian people still accept those who commit an offence who may have profound implications that could lead to the death penalty. This issue is what became the basis for lawmakers in Indonesia to keep it. This research uses the doctrinal method toexamine various regulations regarding capital punishment and non-doctrinal to understand the community's situation related to the existence of capital punishment in Indonesia. The death penalty is a more effective deterrent and therefore prevents crime better. With the death penalty, others were about to commit a similar crime is expected not to commit the crime. The death penalty is more effectively immobilizing offenders. Perpetrators, in principle, still manage to have the desire to commit the crime again after release. The death penalty for perpetrators of crimes is not a violation of human rights, but rather to respect human rights itself, namely for victims of crime. The setting and the application of the death penalty in Indonesia until now is still needed. They are considering that there are still many crimes that undermine humanity's values or the crimes that harm the State and crackdown on corruption in society.

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2

Mompó Navarro, Jacob. "La Inquisició de València contra Vicent Navarro (1750-1757), Diego Ramírez (1742) i Pedro Navarro (1588), tres casos de bestialisme." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 13 (June 27, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.13.15478.

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Resum: La sodomia i el bestialisme han estat considerats al llarg de l’edat mitjana i moderna com un dels màxims exponents del pecat de luxúria. El «crim nefand», entés com una ofensa directa a Déu, va ser perseguit per diversos corpus jurídics arreu de l’Europa cristiana, i els autors del «crim contra natura» sovint eren condemnats a la foguera. Tanmateix, pel que fa als processos que ací presentem, les penes amb què els acusats van porgar els seus crims van ser més benèvoles. Aquest és el cas de Vicent Navarro, que va commutar la pena capital per la de galeres; o Pedro Navarro, que va haver de patir el desterrament. Desconeixem la sentència de Diego Ramírez, per bé que, a més de bestialisme, va ser acusat també d’hermafroditisme i sodomia. Paraules clau: bestialisme, sodomia, pecat nefand, crim contra natura, hermafroditisme Abstract: Sodomy and bestiality have been considered throughout the Middle Ages and Modern Era as one of the greatest exponents of the sin of lust. The «ineffable crime», understood as a direct offense to God, was pursued by various judicial corpora throughout Christian Europe, and authors of the «crime against nature» were often condemned to the bonfire. However, regarding the processes we present here, the penalties the accused paid for their crimes became more benevolent than the death penalty. This is the case of Vicent Navarro, who exchanged capital punishment for galley penalty; or Pedro Navarro, who had to suffer from exile. We do not know the sentence of Diego Ramirez who, besides bestiality, was also accused of hermaphroditism and sodomy. Keywords: bestiality, sodomy, ineffable sin, crime against nature, hermaphroditism

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3

Winslow, George. "Capital Crimes: The Political Economy of Crime in America." Monthly Review 52, no. 6 (November 4, 2000): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-052-06-2000-10_4.

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4

Faria, Antonio Hot Pereira de, Diego Filipe Cordeiro Alves, and João Francisco Abreu. "Análise espacial aplicada ao estudo do crime: uma abordagem exploratória da distribuição dos atrativos para o crime no espaço urbano de Belo Horizonte / Spatial analysis applied to study of crime: an exploratory approach to the distribution of attractions for crime in the urban space of Belo Horizonte." Caderno de Geografia 28, no. 55 (October 30, 2018): 1006–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2018v28n55p1006-1020.

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O artigo é produto de um estudo exploratório sobre a dinâmica da violência urbana em Belo Horizonte. Os dados referem-se aos crimes de roubo registrados em Belo Horizonte no período de 2007 a 2013. Foram utilizadas técnicas estatísticas de análise espacial. Os dados permitem conhecer a dinâmica dos processos e configurações socioespaciais do crime em Belo Horizonte, notadamente dos roubos e os resultados apresentaram que há um padrão referente à concentração de crimes no hipercentro da capital, demonstrando uma correlação espacial com o uso e ocupação do solo referente ao uso comercial, principal atrativo para o crime.Palavras–chave: Geografia do Crime. Roubo. Atrativo.Abstract The article is a product of an exploratory study on the dynamics of urban violence in Belo Horizonte. The data refer to robbery crimes registered in Belo Horizonte from 2007 to 2013. Statistical techniques of spatial analysis were used. The data show the dynamics of the processes and socio-spatial environment of crime in Belo Horizonte, especially of the robbery. The results demonstrate a pattern of crimes concentration in the hypercentre of the capital, indicating the spatial correlation with the commercial activities, main crime attractor.Keywords: Geography of Crime. Robbery. Attraction.

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5

Buonanno, Paolo, Daniel Montolio, and Paolo Vanin. "Does Social Capital Reduce Crime?" Journal of Law and Economics 52, no. 1 (February 2009): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/595698.

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6

DELLER, STEVEN C., and MELISSA A. DELLER. "Rural Crime and Social Capital." Growth and Change 41, no. 2 (June 2010): 221–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2010.00526.x.

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7

Sangweon Kim. "Social Capital and Crime : The Effects of Social Capital on Violent Crime in Korea." Journal of Korean Public Police and Security Studies 9, no. 1 (May 2012): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25023/kapsa.9.1.201205.1.

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8

Kumala Dewi, Ni Komang Ratih. "KEBERADAAN PIDANA MATI DALAM KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA (KUHP)." Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH) 6, no. 1 (February 15, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v6i1.23444.

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Capital punishment is the heaviest crime and difficult to apply in a country of law considering the death penalty is one of the acts of human rights violations, but to make someone discourage of committing a crime there needs to be rules or penalties that can provide a deterrent effect and provide security for the community from all form of crime. The purpose of writing is directed to find out the regulation of the Death Penalty in the Criminal Law Code which is stipulated in several articles in the Criminal Code and the existence of capital punishment in the legal system in Indonesia in terms of human rights perspective, which of course would be contrary to human rights, especially the right to life, however capital punishment is also needed as an effort to prevent the occurrence of crimes, especially those classified as serious

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9

Sargin, Sevil, and Kadir Temurçin. "Crimes and Crime Dispersion in Urban Areas in Turkey." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 13, no. 13 (January 1, 2010): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-010-0005-2.

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Crimes and Crime Dispersion in Urban Areas in Turkey Crime is a phenomenon that arises from the interaction between social, political, economic, physical, psychological circumstances and geographical factors. Since crime occurs in geographical locations, the relationship between crime and location is worth discussing characteristics of a location occur in differents ways. Not only natural geographical factors but also human geographical factors may lead to crime. In this study, the situation, distribution of crimes in the cities which are in the police service zone are dealt with. In addition to crime dispersion in the cities and crimes committed to people and property, crimes committed by month is also studied. In this context, it is seen that since city centres are composed of dense population and urban functions, they feed crime, social control weakens in those areas and they create opportunities for criminals. This causes weakness in society and social capital apart from economic losses in cities. The number of crime incidents, which was 229,513 in 1995, in Turkey, has risen to 785,510 in 2006 with a 3.4 fold increase. 41% of the crimes which were committed in the year of 2006 were against people, 59% were against property.

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10

Faviere, Giusepe, and Heitor Romero Marques. "O CRIME DE LAVAGEM DE CAPITAL NO BRASIL." Lex Cult Revista do CCJF 4, no. 1 (May 9, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30749/2594-8261.v4n1p62-76.

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O presente artigo tem por objetivo geral analisar a aplicação da Teoria da Cegueira Deliberada nos crimes de lavagem de dinheiro no bojo do maior processo criminal instaurado no Brasil – a Operação Lava Jato. Destarte analisar-se-ão algumas decisões judiciais que se destacaram na ação penal. É nesse contexto que se debruça o presente artigo, notadamente sobre os elementos objetivos e subjetivos do tipo penal em lume, cotejando os fundamentos com decisões tida recentemente, especialmente para verificar se incorre no crime de lavagem de capital o beneficiário do produto havido ilicitamente, tal qual os parentes e companheiros do autor do crime antecedente. Nesse diapasão, serão revisados bibliograficamente alguns institutos e teorias afeitas ao tipo penal e a teoria em destaque, dentre os quais o dolo direto, o dolo eventual e a cegueira deliberada, bem como, a sua aplicação no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Conclui-se que, embora incipiente a aplicação da Teoria da Cegueira Deliberada, vem ganhando força a sua aplicação para alcançar pessoas ligadas a esquemas de lavagem de dinheiro que alegam desconhecer a procedência ilícita dos valores ocultados ou dissimulados.

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11

Ghalambordezfooli, Rama, and Fatemeh Hosseini. "The spatial correlation between social capital and crime: A case study of the new town of Pardis, Iran." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2019-0025.

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Abstract The crime rate can vary in different geographical areas, and several studies have tried to explain the crime rate by concentrating on the socio-economic characteristics of an environment. The literature on the subject shows a lack of attention to spatial analysis and its relationship which this research attempts to address. The main aim of this study was to investigate the spatial correlation between social capital and crime in the city of Pardis in Iran. A five-point Likert questionnaire survey was conducted among 297 citizens of the new town of Pardis. The survey included 27 questions about the social capital component (trust, attention, awareness) and crime hotspots collected from the police office. A mapping raster layer of both crime and social capital and Band Collection Statistics Tools in ArcGIS were used to show the spatial correlation between crime and social capital. The main findings of this study revealed that there was a statistically significant reverse correlation between social capital and crime in the correlation matrix. The study also illustrated that some of the crime subsets such as fighting (r = -0.74), family conflicts (r = -0.72), and moral crime (r = - 0.62) were more related to social capital than other social capital components in a neighborhood.

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12

Mężyk, Anna, and Małgorzata Kozłowska. "Actions of government administration focused on prevention of tax crime in Poland." Central European Review of Economics & Finance 37, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2022.007.

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Economic crimes generates losses both for state budget and private sector. Losses for state budget are primarily reducing revenues, obtaining undue revenues, and phishing subsidies. In private sector losses are connected to lowering income and decrease of competitiveness. Honest entrepreneurs have difficulties staying on market, because prices of their products cannot compete with the prices of goods by criminal groups, which does not pay taxes allowing them to offer lower prices. Economic crime concerns not only security and public order, but also state economic safety connecting to business profitability and security. Economic crime is multifaceted, including lowering of public law climes, capital, banking and insurance market crimes, as well as public procurement crimes, copyright law and all profit-oriented crime taking into account market mechanisms. This article presents the problems of tax crime in Poland and the results of police activities in counteracting this crime.

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13

SPOIALA, Loredana Catalina. "Capital Punishment - between Crime and Law." Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Law 7, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumenlaw/16.

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14

Savage, Joanne, and Satoshi Kanazawa. "Social Capital, Crime, and Human Nature." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 18, no. 2 (May 2002): 188–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986202018002005.

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15

Lederman, Daniel, Norman Loayza, and Ana María Menéndez. "Violent Crime: Does Social Capital Matter?" Economic Development and Cultural Change 50, no. 3 (April 2002): 509–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/342422.

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16

Saegert, Susan, and Gary Winkel. "Crime, Social Capital, and Community Participation." American Journal of Community Psychology 34, no. 3-4 (December 2004): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10464-004-7416-2.

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17

Mokline, Adla. "Criminality, Human Capital and Economic Performance." Business and Economic Research 8, no. 4 (November 22, 2018): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v8i4.13948.

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Criminality is any breach of the law likely to give rise to legal proceedings. It is determined by several factors namely (population density- unemployment-income- poverty and education). The objective of our work is to study criminality determinants on a sample of 51 American States over the period (2000-2013). Particular attention is paid to study the causal relationship between education (with its different measures) and criminality.In line with the approach to the economics of crime, this paper attempts to verify that urbanization, income inequality, unemployment, poverty and educational attainment significantly explain crime, on the one hand, and education is an investment activity that produces human capital, which is a fundamental factor of economic growth, job creation, wages and increased productivity of factors of production. Our results showed that the investment in human capital has a negative impact on crime in general. This effect is more considerable on crime against property. This leads us to define a crime deterrence policy through the implementation of structures able to help with installation of young people out of school and increase public spending on education.

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18

Sargeant, Elise, Yifan Liu, Nathan St John, Nga Fong Hong, Tracy Huu, Jie Chen, and Lorraine Mazerolle. "Social capital and fear of crime in Brisbane." Journal of Sociology 53, no. 3 (April 25, 2017): 637–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783317704992.

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Social capital is upheld for its value in explaining variations in crime across place. Collective efficacy is understood to be the superlative link between less effectual components of neighbourhood social capital (such as social ties and reciprocity) and lower rates of crime. The current study examines the value of neighbourhood social capital in explaining another community attribute associated with neighbourhoods: fear of crime. We conduct a secondary analysis of survey data collected from over 2000 people clustered in 82 Statistical Local Areas in Brisbane, Australia, to examine the correlates of fear of crime. We find that when comparing elements of social capital, the agentic element of social capital – collective efficacy – has the strongest relationship to reduced fear of crime.

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19

Byeon, Jaewook, Iljoong Kim, Sujin Min, and Dongwon Lee. "Social Capital and Crime : Evidence from Felony Crimes in Seoul Municipalities." Journal of Korean Economics Studies 38, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 5–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46665/jkes.2020.03.38.1.5.

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20

Li, Jinying. "Clowns, crimes, and capital: popular crime-comedies in post-crisis Korea." Film International 7, no. 2 (April 2009): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fiin.7.2.20.

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21

Totomutu, Christofel Brayn Leonard, I. Ny Oman Gede Sugiartha, and I. Made Minggu Widyantara. "Hukuman Mati dalam Tindak Pidana Narkotika Ditinjau dari Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 2-3/Puu-V/2007." Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 2, no. 2 (May 2, 2021): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jkh.2.2.3256.361-366.

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The capital punishment is regulated in several laws and regulations in Indonesia, in particular for narcotics crimes that are submitted for judicial review against the Constitution. The type of research used is the type of normative. The sources of the data used in this research are primary, which are taken from the original source of the law and secondary materials are materials derived from books, journals and scientific works and tertiary legal materials. The technique of collecting data in this research is carried out by collecting existing materials or studying documents from existing laws and regulations as well as the decisions of the constitutional court judges and explaining the sentence by using the legal material processing method systematically. The purpose of this research was to determine the capital punishment for narcotics crime in terms of human rights and to find out the judges considerations on the capital punishment for narcotics crime in Indonesia based on the decision of the constitutional court number 2-3/PUU-V/2007. The results of the research revealed that the capital punishment for narcotics crime has been stated in articles and laws, but on the other hand there is a consideration of the panel of judges regarding the capital punishment case for narcotics crime that the capital punishment in the Narcotics Law does not contradict human rights and human rights as in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia because the guarantee of human rights and the right to life in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia does not adhere to absolute principles.

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22

Rinaldi Agusta Fahlevie, Erita Oktasari, Bernadete Nurmawati, Puguh Aji Hari Setiawan, and Johand Aldo Dimalouw. "PUMP AND DUMP CRIMINAL OVERVIEW ACCORDING TO CAPITAL MARKET LAW NO. 8 YEAR 1995." Awang Long Law Review 5, no. 1 (November 30, 2022): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.56301/awl.v5i1.547.

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This study aims to look at the Juridical Review of the Pump and Dump crime in capital market transactions on the Indonesia Stock Exchange based on the Capital Market Law. The main problem that the author discusses and analyzes in this research is the form of the Pump and Dump crime in capital market transactions on the Indonesia Stock Exchange based on the Capital Market Law and the proof of the Pump & Dump crime in the capital market (Case Study of TAXI and LUCK Issuers). The research method is a normative legal research method with a law approach and a case approach. Based on the analysis and provisions of the Capital Market Law, the author concludes that the Pump and Dump crime in capital market transactions on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, can be seen in its form based on certain patterns and methods. The form of the pump and dump pattern and method is in accordance with the elements of market manipulation as stipulated in the provisions of Articles 90 to 93 of the Capital Market Law. To prove that a pump and dump crime has occurred, evidence can be used as regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code.

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23

Stevens, Dennis J. "Research Note: The Death Sentence and Inmate Attitudes." Crime & Delinquency 38, no. 2 (April 1992): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128792038002010.

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Public opinion surveys show that the American public favors capital punishment. This article examines the attitudes of 307 inmates about capital punishment. The respondents, especially the most violent offenders, favored capital punishment for some crimes when applied to others, but not to their own criminal activity. Moreover, they did not see capital punishment as a deterrent and implied that it reinforces their violent perspectives. Incarcerated offenders apparently feel as strongly as other citizens about capital punishment, but perhaps for different reasons. The findings suggest that additional studies be conducted with violent offenders to determine if any punishment can deter violent crime.

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24

Manning, Paul. "Madoff’s Ponzi investment fraud: a social capital analysis." Journal of Financial Crime 25, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 320–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-06-2017-0057.

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Purpose The social network analysis of criminal networks at both the ego and socio-centric level is well established. This purpose of this study is to expand this literature with a social capital analysis of a criminal network. The focus of the analysis will be the recent egregious investment fraud of Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities (BLMIS). Design/methodology/approach This research involves a case study of the BLMIS financial fraud. The article uses a social capital theoretical lens, with archival sources taken from the court records of Madoff v. NY to include victim impact statements and the defendant’s Plea Allocution. Findings Financial crime literature can be expanded with a social capital analysis which facilitates a socio-economic analysis of ego-centric criminal networks. Research limitations/implications Each financial crime is of its time; however, there are recurring socio-economic network characteristics that could be applied to develop an understanding of criminal networks. Practical implications Any understanding of financial crime, including contemporary instances of criminal innovation, such as cyber-crime, can be enhanced with a social capital analysis of criminal networks. Originality/value A social capital analysis of financial crime draws attention to “human factors” in criminal networks that are integral to this form of crime.

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25

Ryan, Mick. "Counterblast: Punishment and Crime, Democracy and Capital." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 51, no. 5 (November 7, 2012): 532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2311.2012.00741.x.

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26

Hodgson, Jane E. "Capital Crime: Black Infant Mortality in America." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 263, no. 22 (June 13, 1990): 3090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1990.03440220118044.

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27

Moreira, Gustavo Carvalho, Ana Lucia Kassouf, and Marcelo Justus. "The role of social capital in the victimization risk against property: evidence from Brazil*." Economia e Sociedade 28, no. 2 (August 2019): 563–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-3533.2019v28n2art11.

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Abstract The economic model of crime presupposes that individuals evaluate the decision to commit a crime rationally. A more inclusive version of this model would include social capital as a factor influencing criminal activity. The amount of social capital that exists within a group can be used to explain criminal behavior, and an increase in the level of social capital can be a factor capable of preventing crime. This study tests the hypothesis that increasing the level of social capital reduces the risk of victimization against property. Results from variations of an IV-Probit model were used to evaluate data from Latin American Public Opinion Project surveys conducted in Brazil. These results suggest that a higher level of social capital among individuals increases the likelihood that they will cooperate for mutual benefit, such as combating crime.

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de Abreu, João Francisco, Antonio Hot Pereira de Faria, and Diego Filipe Cordeiro Alves. ""Spatial analysis applied to crime study: An exploratory approach applied to a Brazilian city"." Sociology International Journal 5, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/sij.2021.05.00248.

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The article is a product of an exploratory study on the dynamics of urban violence in Belo Horizonte.(Minas Gerais, Brazil) The data refers to crimes of robbery registered in Belo Horizonte from 2007 to 2013. Statistical techniques of spatial analysis were used. The data shows the dynamics of the processes and the socio-spatial environment of crime in Belo Horizonte, especially that of the robbery. The results demonstrate that there is a pattern in the concentration of crimes in the hyper center of the capital, indicating the spatial correlation with commercial activities, a main crime attractor.

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Khanmoradi, Saeed, Shirin Zardoshtian, Shahram Fatahi, and Geoff Dickson. "CRIME AND SPORT PARTICIPATION: AN ECONOMETRIC MODEL WITH SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS APPROACH." Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (June 2022): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/jss.utm.2022.5(2).04.

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Sport in all societies’ leads to a return on social capital. Many politicians use sports-based programs to reduce crime in society because sport plays an important role in the social development of societies. On the other hand, crime causes insecurity in the neighborhood, and when people realize their fear of crime, they reduce their social activities, such as sports participation. Therefore, this study determines the interaction effect between crime and sport participation and we test an econometric model with simultaneous equations approach using the two-stage least squares method (2SLS). We used panel data of all provinces of Iran from 2004 – 2017. The results showed that a significant and negative interaction effect exists between crime and sport participation. Also, the number of coaches, sport facilities, and, sport budget have a significant and positive effect on sport participation. Per capita GDP has a significant and negative effect on crime and per capita GDP”×”sport participation has a significant and positive effect on crime. Finally, drugs have a significant and positive effect on crime.

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Tamini, Abdolnaser Kord, Mohammad Naroui, and Abdolrahim Rigi. "The place of social capital in the prevention and control of occurrence of crime in society." Environment Conservation Journal 16, SE (December 5, 2015): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2015.se1606.

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The crime rate in the society is as one of the criteria for measuring the level of social capital in communities. Low levels of social capital known as one of the reasons for the increase in crime and social ills in the society qualitatively and quantitatively. Social capital through the creation of collective identity, empathy, trust and altruism can be destroyed areas of social ills, help to strengthen healthy behaviors in society. Accordingly in the present study examined an attempt to explain the concept of social capital, its dimensions, its relationship to crime in communities, using existing theoretical foundations.

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Nikolic-Ristanovic, Vesna. "Fear of Crime in Belgrade." International Review of Victimology 4, no. 1 (September 1995): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975809500400102.

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This paper reports research findings from the capital city of Yugoslavia, Belgrade. Both fear of crime and opportunity theory suggestions were tested. Differences in victimization experience influencing day/night time fear of crime, as well as differences in day/night time fear of crime influences on routine activities, were examined. Other factors influencing fear of specific crimes were examined. The research was carried out on a random sample comprising 400 respondents living in four Belgrade municipalities. The results of this research show that there exists a feeling of unsafeness in relation to criminal behavior. This feeling, of fear of crime, is more strongly felt at night than in daytime, and to a large extent represents a reflection of the objective risk of victimization. This is especially true of people who indicated fear of daytime crime. People tend to constrain and/or change their routine activities as a consequence of fear of crime; this tendency positively correlates with their level of fear. People who are afraid of daytime crime are more often constrained in their behavior than are those who fear night time crime.

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Golash-Boza, Tanya, and Hyunsu Oh. "Crime and Neighborhood Change in the Nation’s Capital: From Disinvestment to Gentrification." Crime & Delinquency 67, no. 9 (March 30, 2021): 1267–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00111287211005394.

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Research on crime and neighborhood racial composition establishes that Black neighborhoods with high levels of violent crime will experience an increase in Black residents and concentrated disadvantage—due to the constrained housing choices Black people face. Some studies on the relationship between gentrification and crime, however, show that high-crime neighborhoods can experience reinvestment as well as displacement of Black residents. In Washington, DC, we have seen both trends—concentration of poverty and segregation as well as racial turnover and reinvestment. We employ a spatial analysis using a merged data set including crime data, Census data, and American Community Survey (ACS) data to analyze the relationship between crime and neighborhood change at the Census tract level. Our findings demonstrate the importance of distinguishing between periods of neighborhood decline and ascent, between the effects of property and violent crime, and between racial change and socioeconomic change.

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Purtymun, Hannah. "Crime and Sin in Early Medieval England." Socio-Historical Examination of Religion and Ministry 3, no. 1 (August 9, 2021): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33929/sherm.2021.vol3.no1.08.

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Early medieval society had complex views of crime and sin. In early medieval English society, concepts of crime and sin overlapped to a certain extant in terms of what “wrongs” were under either religious or secular jurisdiction, or which fell under both. An in-depth analysis of the definition of crime versus sin in early medieval English society has not yet been undertaken, a feat that is attempted in this article in the context of one of the worst crimes and sins: homicide. It is found that a crime can be defined as any act that is performed against the protection of the king, while a sin is any action that falls within the confines of the capital sins or can be considered either an affront to God or detrimental to the soul.

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Lambert, Eric, and Alan Clarke. "Crime, capital punishment, and knowledge: are criminal justice majors better informed than other majors about crime and capital punishment?" Social Science Journal 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2003.10.005.

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Monballyu, Jos. "De doodstraf in het Scheldedepartement en de provincie Oost-Vlaanderen in de Franse en Hollandse tijd, 1796-1830." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis / Revue d'histoire du droit / The Legal History Review 89, no. 3-4 (December 7, 2021): 500–535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-12340014.

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Summary The French revolutionary legislature imposed capital punishments for a number of serious crimes such as gang robbery, murder, poisoning, parental murder, infanticide, homicide and theft, arson and coin counterfeiting. These capital punishments reached their peak in the years 1798-1803, being the last two years of the Directoire and the first years under Napoleon. A total of 231 death sentences were handed down in the Scheldt Department and the Province of East Flanders, 70 in default and 161 contradictory, of which 129 were executed. Most death sentences were imposed for a property crime. Crimes against individuals then came only second.

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Barreto, Junia. "Literatura e história: crime e pena capital no século 19." Aletria: Revista de Estudos de Literatura 20, no. 3 (December 31, 2010): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2317-2096.20.3.35-46.

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O romance Le Dernier jour d’un condamné, de 1829, do escritor francês Victor Hugo, coloca em cena um crime qualquer de um criminoso sem nome, cuja punição é a pena capital, através da prática da guilhotina. O texto traduz os reflexos da Revolução Francesa e do período do Terror no cotidiano e nos hábitos de uma sociedade aficionada pelo crime, dividida entre medo e atração, e de uma literatura seduzida pela estética do horror e da violência enquanto possibilidades de expressão do belo, transpondo e enaltecendo, na ficção, todo tipo de crime e criminosos, cuja figura do herói criminoso se define entre realidade e ficção. Interessa-nos mostrar a imbricação da História e da Literatura presentes no texto, no qual o crime e sua punição funcionam como instrumento principal do discurso filosófico e político de Hugo contra a pena de morte. O autor termina por inscrever- se documentalmente na história da luta pela abolição da pena de morte, enquanto método praticado de punição ao crime.

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Ol’kov, S. G. "CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL LAWS GOVERNING CRIME." Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science 6 (72), no. 2 (2020): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1733-2020-6-2-249-263.

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The purpose of the article, based on the mathematical model of criminal responsibility and the fundamental laws of criminal policy, is to prove the necessity of applying the maximum criminal penalty in the form of a death penalty. Scientific methods: methods of mathematical analysis, probability theory, and mathematical statistics. Scientific results obtained by the author: the necessity of using the maximum criminal penalty in the form of the death penalty is proved on the basis of the law of increasing marginal utility of criminal penalties and the law of demand for goods of crime at a price, because this punishment provides a strong deterrence of crime, both at the level of General and special prevention of crime by criminal penalties. It is shown that in 2019 in Russia, the elasticity of real crime was 3.22%, the latency multiplier for General crime was 3.38, with the minimum latency for robberies of 1.03 and the maximum for fraud of 11.26. Equation of demand for a product crime by price for real crime in 2019 in Russia

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Kranzeeva, Elena, and Ksenia Sapegina. "Women Offenders as a Social Phenomenon: Transformation and Deformation of Social Roles." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2020, no. 2 (May 29, 2020): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2020-5-2-176-185.

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The research featured women offenders as a social phenomenon associated with the social role of women. The study was based on the socio-role approach. The authors defined women's crime as an integral part of all crimes committed by women on a certain territory over a certain time period. The statistics of female crime in Russia and its regions came from the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, the Chief Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Kemerovo Region, and the Territorial Authority of the Federal State Statistics Service. The authors also analyzed cases of fraud related to maternity capital funds. Firstly, female crime proved an integral part of crime in general; it has its own specifics and is directly related to the roles that women play in society. Secondly, women commit mostly profit-related crimes, e.g. theft or fraud, while murder proved more typical of men. Thirdly, maternity fund fraud appeared to be a relatively new type of crime. Apparently, its female character is associated with childbearing and maternal function. Swindlers see new opportunities in maternal funds, and a woman in distress can easily become an instrument of their criminal activity.

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Jainah, Zainab Ompu. "ANALISIS PUTUSAN PIDANA MATI TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA DAN PSIKOTROPIKA." PRANATA HUKUM 14, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36448/pranatahukum.v14i1.159.

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ABSTRAK The imposition of capital punishment on narcotics and psychotropic criminals in Indonesia in the perspective of human rights based on the 1945 Constitution needs to be reviewed to understand whether capital punishment is a way of law enforcement that is contrary to human rights. The main problem being the object of research, is the imposition of capital punishment against narcotics and psychotropic criminals violating human rights based on the 1945 Constitution. This research is a normative legal research through a legislative approach, conceptual, case. The data used is secondary data with qualitative data analysis. The results of the study show that the imposition of capital punishment on narcotics and psychotropic criminals does not violate human rights because it does not conflict with the provisions of Article 28A, Article 28I paragraph (1) and Article 28J paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution and does not violate Indonesia's international legal obligations that were born from international agreements on the eradication of illicit trafficking in narcotics and psychotropic substances. As a suggestion, law enforcement needs to be improved, because crime / narcotics and psychotropic crimes are transnational types of crime by using high modus operandi.

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Olutola, Adewale A. "Punishment of Crime in Nigeria and South Africa: Some Perspectives on Capital Punishment." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 20, no. 2 (December 2020): 276–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972558x20952658.

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Crime prevention can be any scheme, idea, or course of action or effort that reduces or eliminates crime in any given society. This article examines the perception that the adoption of the death penalty as a form of crime punishment will automatically result in a decrease in crime. The article adopts the qualitative research approach of document analysis, using comparative studies of two African countries (Nigeria and South Africa), one being a retainer of the death penalty and the other being an abolitionist of the death penalty. Attention is given to the contemporary national, regional, and international statutory provisions relevant to the death penalty. The article concludes with the premise that the adoption of the death penalty as a means of crime punishment has no direct corollary to the crime rate in society, but that a decrease in the crime rate is possible only with efficiency and effectiveness of the criminal justice system.

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Anton Lie, Antonius. "The social capital in business organizations: A case study of PT Asia Motor vehicle insurance claim polysindo crime in Jakarta." International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/ijevs.v4i1.6619.

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In recent years, general insurance companies have received attention from the public due to their denial of trust, the weakness of human capital, and physical capital goods. This denial has reduced the energy of social capital which has implications for the low productivity of companies, especially insurance companies. An insurance company at least involves a number of interrelated and cooperating parties, namely: 1) the company, 2) the customer and 3). partner party. The aims of this research are: a. to study and describe the role of social capital in a business organization, especially for the insurance business in Indonesia. b. explain aspects of social capital in PT. Asia Krimere Polysindo (Headquarters and Central Department of Car Insurance Claims) between 1992 and 2005, in relation to the claims process involving external networks such as customers, corporate partners (banks, leasing companies, insurance agents, brokers, workshops) and with other insurance companies. c. identify synergies between financial capital, human capital, physical capital goods and social capital in the organizational structure of the insurance business. From the results of research on synergy between capitals, researchers found 4 patterns of synergy resulting from synergies between human capital, financial capital, physical capital goods and social capital in increasing the productivity of a business organization, namely: 1. Weak positive synergy pattern, 2. Weak synergy pattern negative, 3. Negative strong synergy pattern, 4. Positive strong synergy pattern. corporate partners (banks, leasing companies, insurance agents, brokers, repair shops) and with other insurance companies. c. identify synergies between financial capital, human capital, physical capital goods and social capital in the organizational structure of the insurance business. From the results of research on synergy between capitals, researchers found 4 patterns of synergy resulting from synergies between human capital, financial capital, physical capital goods and social capital in increasing the productivity of a business organization, namely: 1. Weak positive synergy pattern, 2. Weak synergy pattern negative, 3. Negative strong synergy pattern, 4. Positive strong synergy pattern.

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Willems, Harco. "Crime, Cult and Capital Punishment (Mo'alla Inscription 8)." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 76 (1990): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3822006.

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Moore, Matthew D., and Nicholas L. Recker. "Social Capital Groups and Crime in Urban Counties." Deviant Behavior 38, no. 6 (September 3, 2016): 655–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2016.1197609.

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Lochner, Lance. "EDUCATION, WORK, AND CRIME: A HUMAN CAPITAL APPROACH*." International Economic Review 45, no. 3 (August 2004): 811–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-6598.2004.00288.x.

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Willems, Harco. "Crime, Cult and Capital Punishment (Mo‘Alla Inscription 8)." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 76, no. 1 (August 1990): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751339007600104.

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McCarthy, B., and J. Hagan. "When Crime Pays: Capital, Competence, and Criminal Success." Social Forces 79, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 1035–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sof.2001.0027.

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Reid, Carol. "Schooling responses to youth crime: building emotional capital." International Journal of Inclusive Education 13, no. 6 (September 2009): 617–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13603110802094756.

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Kennedy, Bruce P., Ichiro Kawachi, Deborah Prothrow-Stith, Kimberly Lochner, and Vanita Gupta. "Social capital, income inequality, and firearm violent crime." Social Science & Medicine 47, no. 1 (July 1998): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00097-5.

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Moore, Matthew D., and Nicholas L. Recker. "Social Capital, Type of Crime, and Social Control." Crime & Delinquency 62, no. 6 (November 15, 2013): 728–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128713510082.

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Salmi, Venla, and Janne Kivivuori. "The Association between Social Capital and Juvenile Crime." European Journal of Criminology 3, no. 2 (April 2006): 123–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370806061967.

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