Academic literature on the topic 'Capital crime'
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Journal articles on the topic "Capital crime"
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Fardiansyah, Ahmad Irzal. "Why Indonesia Maintain Capital Punishment?" Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 15, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v15no1.1904.
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The death penalty in Indonesia is still maintained to combat crime within the Indonesian criminal law reform. Although many states have it removed, Indonesia would have the sole discretion to keep it. Despite the opposition, the death penalty application still has a juridical and sociological basis, so it is still legal to be maintained. Indonesia itself has overshadowed the death penalty with a form of legality according to international law so that the position of Indonesia that still maintain the death penalty cannot be blamed. Moreover, sociologically, Indonesian people still accept those who commit an offence who may have profound implications that could lead to the death penalty. This issue is what became the basis for lawmakers in Indonesia to keep it. This research uses the doctrinal method toexamine various regulations regarding capital punishment and non-doctrinal to understand the community's situation related to the existence of capital punishment in Indonesia. The death penalty is a more effective deterrent and therefore prevents crime better. With the death penalty, others were about to commit a similar crime is expected not to commit the crime. The death penalty is more effectively immobilizing offenders. Perpetrators, in principle, still manage to have the desire to commit the crime again after release. The death penalty for perpetrators of crimes is not a violation of human rights, but rather to respect human rights itself, namely for victims of crime. The setting and the application of the death penalty in Indonesia until now is still needed. They are considering that there are still many crimes that undermine humanity's values or the crimes that harm the State and crackdown on corruption in society.
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Mompó Navarro, Jacob. "La Inquisició de València contra Vicent Navarro (1750-1757), Diego Ramírez (1742) i Pedro Navarro (1588), tres casos de bestialisme." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 13 (June 27, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.13.15478.
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Resum: La sodomia i el bestialisme han estat considerats al llarg de l’edat mitjana i moderna com un dels màxims exponents del pecat de luxúria. El «crim nefand», entés com una ofensa directa a Déu, va ser perseguit per diversos corpus jurídics arreu de l’Europa cristiana, i els autors del «crim contra natura» sovint eren condemnats a la foguera. Tanmateix, pel que fa als processos que ací presentem, les penes amb què els acusats van porgar els seus crims van ser més benèvoles. Aquest és el cas de Vicent Navarro, que va commutar la pena capital per la de galeres; o Pedro Navarro, que va haver de patir el desterrament. Desconeixem la sentència de Diego Ramírez, per bé que, a més de bestialisme, va ser acusat també d’hermafroditisme i sodomia.
Paraules clau: bestialisme, sodomia, pecat nefand, crim contra natura, hermafroditisme
Abstract: Sodomy and bestiality have been considered throughout the Middle Ages and Modern Era as one of the greatest exponents of the sin of lust. The «ineffable crime», understood as a direct offense to God, was pursued by various judicial corpora throughout Christian Europe, and authors of the «crime against nature» were often condemned to the bonfire. However, regarding the processes we present here, the penalties the accused paid for their crimes became more benevolent than the death penalty. This is the case of Vicent Navarro, who exchanged capital punishment for galley penalty; or Pedro Navarro, who had to suffer from exile. We do not know the sentence of Diego Ramirez who, besides bestiality, was also accused of hermaphroditism and sodomy.
Keywords: bestiality, sodomy, ineffable sin, crime against nature, hermaphroditism
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Winslow, George. "Capital Crimes: The Political Economy of Crime in America." Monthly Review 52, no. 6 (November 4, 2000): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-052-06-2000-10_4.
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Faria, Antonio Hot Pereira de, Diego Filipe Cordeiro Alves, and João Francisco Abreu. "Análise espacial aplicada ao estudo do crime: uma abordagem exploratória da distribuição dos atrativos para o crime no espaço urbano de Belo Horizonte / Spatial analysis applied to study of crime: an exploratory approach to the distribution of attractions for crime in the urban space of Belo Horizonte." Caderno de Geografia 28, no. 55 (October 30, 2018): 1006–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2018v28n55p1006-1020.
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O artigo é produto de um estudo exploratório sobre a dinâmica da violência urbana em Belo Horizonte. Os dados referem-se aos crimes de roubo registrados em Belo Horizonte no período de 2007 a 2013. Foram utilizadas técnicas estatísticas de análise espacial. Os dados permitem conhecer a dinâmica dos processos e configurações socioespaciais do crime em Belo Horizonte, notadamente dos roubos e os resultados apresentaram que há um padrão referente à concentração de crimes no hipercentro da capital, demonstrando uma correlação espacial com o uso e ocupação do solo referente ao uso comercial, principal atrativo para o crime.Palavras–chave: Geografia do Crime. Roubo. Atrativo.Abstract The article is a product of an exploratory study on the dynamics of urban violence in Belo Horizonte. The data refer to robbery crimes registered in Belo Horizonte from 2007 to 2013. Statistical techniques of spatial analysis were used. The data show the dynamics of the processes and socio-spatial environment of crime in Belo Horizonte, especially of the robbery. The results demonstrate a pattern of crimes concentration in the hypercentre of the capital, indicating the spatial correlation with the commercial activities, main crime attractor.Keywords: Geography of Crime. Robbery. Attraction.
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Buonanno, Paolo, Daniel Montolio, and Paolo Vanin. "Does Social Capital Reduce Crime?" Journal of Law and Economics 52, no. 1 (February 2009): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/595698.
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DELLER, STEVEN C., and MELISSA A. DELLER. "Rural Crime and Social Capital." Growth and Change 41, no. 2 (June 2010): 221–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2010.00526.x.
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Sangweon Kim. "Social Capital and Crime : The Effects of Social Capital on Violent Crime in Korea." Journal of Korean Public Police and Security Studies 9, no. 1 (May 2012): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25023/kapsa.9.1.201205.1.
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Kumala Dewi, Ni Komang Ratih. "KEBERADAAN PIDANA MATI DALAM KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA (KUHP)." Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH) 6, no. 1 (February 15, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v6i1.23444.
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Capital punishment is the heaviest crime and difficult to apply in a country of law considering the death penalty is one of the acts of human rights violations, but to make someone discourage of committing a crime there needs to be rules or penalties that can provide a deterrent effect and provide security for the community from all form of crime. The purpose of writing is directed to find out the regulation of the Death Penalty in the Criminal Law Code which is stipulated in several articles in the Criminal Code and the existence of capital punishment in the legal system in Indonesia in terms of human rights perspective, which of course would be contrary to human rights, especially the right to life, however capital punishment is also needed as an effort to prevent the occurrence of crimes, especially those classified as serious
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Sargin, Sevil, and Kadir Temurçin. "Crimes and Crime Dispersion in Urban Areas in Turkey." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 13, no. 13 (January 1, 2010): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-010-0005-2.
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Crimes and Crime Dispersion in Urban Areas in Turkey Crime is a phenomenon that arises from the interaction between social, political, economic, physical, psychological circumstances and geographical factors. Since crime occurs in geographical locations, the relationship between crime and location is worth discussing characteristics of a location occur in differents ways. Not only natural geographical factors but also human geographical factors may lead to crime. In this study, the situation, distribution of crimes in the cities which are in the police service zone are dealt with. In addition to crime dispersion in the cities and crimes committed to people and property, crimes committed by month is also studied. In this context, it is seen that since city centres are composed of dense population and urban functions, they feed crime, social control weakens in those areas and they create opportunities for criminals. This causes weakness in society and social capital apart from economic losses in cities. The number of crime incidents, which was 229,513 in 1995, in Turkey, has risen to 785,510 in 2006 with a 3.4 fold increase. 41% of the crimes which were committed in the year of 2006 were against people, 59% were against property.
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Faviere, Giusepe, and Heitor Romero Marques. "O CRIME DE LAVAGEM DE CAPITAL NO BRASIL." Lex Cult Revista do CCJF 4, no. 1 (May 9, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30749/2594-8261.v4n1p62-76.
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O presente artigo tem por objetivo geral analisar a aplicação da Teoria da Cegueira Deliberada nos crimes de lavagem de dinheiro no bojo do maior processo criminal instaurado no Brasil – a Operação Lava Jato. Destarte analisar-se-ão algumas decisões judiciais que se destacaram na ação penal. É nesse contexto que se debruça o presente artigo, notadamente sobre os elementos objetivos e subjetivos do tipo penal em lume, cotejando os fundamentos com decisões tida recentemente, especialmente para verificar se incorre no crime de lavagem de capital o beneficiário do produto havido ilicitamente, tal qual os parentes e companheiros do autor do crime antecedente. Nesse diapasão, serão revisados bibliograficamente alguns institutos e teorias afeitas ao tipo penal e a teoria em destaque, dentre os quais o dolo direto, o dolo eventual e a cegueira deliberada, bem como, a sua aplicação no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Conclui-se que, embora incipiente a aplicação da Teoria da Cegueira Deliberada, vem ganhando força a sua aplicação para alcançar pessoas ligadas a esquemas de lavagem de dinheiro que alegam desconhecer a procedência ilícita dos valores ocultados ou dissimulados.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Capital crime"
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Zhong, Yueying, and 鍾月英. "Communities, crime and social capital: crime prevention in two Shenzhen communites." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245110.
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Colyer, Greg Warren. "Is capital punishment a deterrent to crime?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1720.
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Lynch, Eamon. "Social capital and crime in Ireland and Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491878.
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This study discerns how, and the extent to which cnme III Ireland and Northern Ireland is related to social capital, homogeneity and tolerance measured in the European Values Survey. Higher levels of social capital are associated with lower crime and higher crime is associated with lower levels of social capital. Reported crime was 92% higher in Northern Ireland in 1999, as it had been for the previous five and ten years I. The level of unreported crime is higher in Northern Ireland. Social capital is higher in the Republic than in Northern Ireland in 100 of 128 European Values Survey 1999 measures (of social capital, homogeneity and tolerance). 21 were higher in NI. Higher levels of social capital, homogeneity and tolerance have a demonstrable and continuous downward impact on reported and unreported crime in the Republic of Ireland. The findings in this study do not support the GECD suggestion that trust can be a proxy for social capital, nor is voluntary activity alone a valid proxy. The level of involvement in sports and recreation, concern for the elderly, being prepared to help immigrants and spending time with work colleagues neighbourliness - is a more reliable indicator. Sporting membership is high in Ireland and Northern Ireland. The Ulster Tiger and Celtic Tiger help and hinder social capital. Satisfaction with the police and justice in Northern Ireland is increasing among Catholics and decreasing among Protestants but decreasing overall. Social bonding in credit unions, pubs, white collar crime and the black economy is considered as a form of social capital. The EVS 1999 results do not raise questions about the general applicability of the recommendations of the Patten Commission as a blueprint for police reform but the ESS 2003 suggests a need to evaluate the results of the Commission's recommendations. Twenty activities and policies are suggested to discourage crime through social capital, homogeneity and tolerance.
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Moreira, Gustavo Carvalho. "Dois ensaios em economia do crime." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-16082017-143606/.
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O estudo da criminalidade é multidisciplinar e, em razão de suas consequências negativas para o bem-estar social, recentemente, o crime também se tornado um tema de interesse dos economistas. No Brasil, país que apresenta o maior número absoluto de homicídios dolosos no mundo, este interesse surgiu principalmente a partir do início do século XXI. Em meio à crescente literatura sobre o tema, essa tese buscou, por meio de dois artigos, contribuir para a análise e o entendimento deste fenômeno. No primeiro artigo, recorrendo a uma Análise de Fronteira Estocástica, estimou-se e analisou-se o subregistro de crimes contra a propriedade em Minas Gerais. O estudo justifica-se tendo em vista que o subregistro deve afetar a eficiência das políticas de segurança pública, principalmente, no que tange à alocação de recursos. Os resultados do artigo permitiram verificar os principais determinantes do subregistro e, além disso, encontrar importantes consequências do fenômeno. Entre os principais resultados, pode-se destacar que: o subregistro afeta a interpretação das estatísticas oficiais; este fenômeno influencia a atividade criminosa e; há evidências de que o registro de um crime é realizado por meio de uma avaliação de benefício-custo. No segundo artigo desta tese, que pode ser lido de modo independente do primeiro, o objetivo foi verificar, empiricamente, a existência do efeito do custo moral, aproximado pelo capital social, sobre o risco de vitimização para crimes contra a propriedade. O capital social deve afetar a criminalidade tanto pela ótica da vítima, quanto do criminoso. Pela ótica da vítima, maiores níveis de capital social entre os indivíduos elevam a probabilidade de estes cooperarem para um benefício mútuo, como o combate à criminalidade. Sob a ótica do criminoso, o capital social deve elevar o custo moral da atividade criminosa, reduzindo os benefícios da prática e, consequentemente, o risco de vitimização. Apesar da relevância teórica desta variável para explicar a criminalidade, dada a dificuldade de mensuração empírica, na literatura sobre o tema, o custo moral tem sido negligenciado ou considerado através de proxies incapazes de captá-lo adequadamente. Ademais, são escassos na literatura os estudos empíricos que comprovam essa relação, principalmente no Brasil. Como resultado principal do estudo, tem-se que a hipótese de que incrementos no capital social são capazes de reduzir o risco de vitimização não pôde ser rejeitada.The study of crime is multidisciplinary and, because of its negative consequences for social welfare, crime has also recently become a subject of interest to economists. In Brazil, the country with the highest absolute number of intentional homicides in the world, this interest arose mainly after the beginning of the 21st century. In the midst of the growing literature on the subject, this thesis sought, in two articles, to contribute to the analysis and understanding of this phenomenon. In the first article, using Stochastic Frontier Analysis, the underreporting of crimes against property in Minas Gerais was estimated and analyzed. The study is justified considering that underreporting may affect the efficiency of public security policies, especially regarding resource allocation. The results of the article allowed to verify the main determinants of underreporting and, in addition, to find important consequences of the phenomenon. Among the main results, it can be highlighted that: underreporting affects the interpretation of the official statistics; that this phenomenon influences criminal activity, and that there is evidence that filing a crime report is carried out by means of a benefit-cost evaluation. In the second article of this thesis, which can be read independently of the first one, the objective was to verify the existence of a moral cost effect, approached by social capital, on the risk of victimization for crimes against property. Social capital must affect crime both from the perspective of the victim and of the criminal. From the point of view of the victim, higher levels of social capital among individuals increase the likelihood of cooperating for mutual benefit, such as combating crime. From the point of view of the criminal, social capital must raise the moral cost of criminal activity, reducing the its benefits and, consequently, the risk of victimization. Despite the theoretical relevance of this variable to explain crime, given the difficulty of empirical measurement, moral cost has either been neglected in the literature on the subject or considered through proxies that are unable to assess it adequately. In addition, there are few empirical studies in the literature that prove this relationship, specially in Brazil. As a main result of the study, we conclude that we cannot reject the hypothesis that increases in social capital can reduce the risk of victimization.
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Stukart, Gregorio Forell Lowe. "Racionalidade ou capital social e o crime: qual determina a vitimização?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-19082013-161931/.
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Várias ciências sociais desenvolveram teorias sobre o crime. Mas foi na Economia que uma teoria geral do crime foi desenvolvida de forma mais completa. Porém, a comprovação empírica da teoria econômica do crime não é totalmente satisfatória, fornece uma explicação apenas parcial do fenômeno. Além disso, sua aplicação estrita parece ter gerado problemas, como o crescimento exagerado da população encarcerada. Nesta Tese procura-se analisar possíveis deficiências nessa teoria, em especial as resultantes da aplicação estrita do postulado da racionalidade, e confrontá-la com explicações adicionais e complementares que poderiam gerar uma visão do crime mais completa. Argumenta-se que teorias complementares do capital social e da vitimização podem ser integradas nos modelos existentes e melhorar o entendimento do que causa o crime. Finalmente, pelos dados de uma pesquisa de vitimização conduzida com a finalidade de comprender melhor o crime na cidade de São Paulo, procura-se estimar os efeitos de variáveis ligadas ao capital social e à vitimização para comprovar a influência desses elementos sobre o crime. O resultado mostra que crimes diversos são explicados por variáveis diferentes, sendo difícil aceitar uma explicação única, simples e geral. Crimes com motivação econômica (roubos e furtos), conforme esperado, dependem mais de variáveis econômicas enquanto os sem essa motivação (agressões físicas e vebais) encontram no capital social uma explicação relevante.Various social sciences developed theories about crime. But it was in economics that a general theory was developed in its most complete form, However a total empirical evidence of the economic theory of the crime is not totally satisfactory, supplying only a explanation of the phenomenon. Besides this, its strict application only supplies a general exaggeration of the population put into jail. In this Thesis one analyses possible deficiencies in this theory, specially the strict application of the theory of the postulate of rationality, and confront it with additional explanations that could generate a more complete vision of crime. On argues that complementary theories about social capital and victimization could be integrated into the existing model and improve the understanding of what causes crime. Finally, with the data of a research on victimization whose objective was to understand the crime in São Paulo city, one looks forward to estimate the effects Social Capital and their influence over crime. The result shows that diverse crimes are explained by diverse variables, being difficult to accept one only explanation, simple and direct. Crimes with economic motivation (robberies) as expected depend more on such economic variables while crimes with no such explanations (physical and economic aggressions) find more relevance on social capital.
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Robling, Per Olof. "Essays on the Origins of Human Capital, Crime and Income Inequality." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-115502.
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This Ph.D. thesis in Economics consists of four self-contained essays investigating the importance of early life environment for long-run outcomes and the consequences of immigration for income inequality. Multigenerational Effects of the 1918-19 Influenza Pandemic on Educational Attainment: Evidence from Sweden uses the 1918-19 influenza pandemic in Sweden as a natural experiment to estimate the effects of a fetal health shock on the children of those who experienced the pandemic as a fetal insult. We find that for women, educational attainment decreases by 3-4 months of schooling and the probability of college attendance drops by 3-5 percentage points if their mothers potentially experienced the Spanish flu as a fetal insult. For men, educational attainment decreases by 4-7 months of schooling, and the probability of college attendance drops by 7-11 percentage points if their fathers were potentially prenatally exposed. We find no mother to son, or father to daughter, transmission of the health shock. Early Childhood Lead Exposure and Criminal Behavior: Lessons from the Swedish Phase-Out of Leaded Gasoline examines the effect of childhood lead exposure on crime using population based register data. We follow all children in Sweden in the 1972-1974, 1977-1979 and 1982-1984 cohorts for more than twenty years. By exploiting the variation in childhood lead exposure induced by the Swedish phase-out of leaded gasoline, we show that the sharp drop in lead exposure reduced crime by between 7 and 14 percent on average. The impact is largest among children in low-income families. The analysis reveals the existence of a low threshold level below which further reductions of early childhood lead exposure no longer affect crime. Childhood Exposure to Segregation and Long-Run Criminal Involvement: Evidence from the “Whole of Sweden” Strategy presents quasi-experimental evidence on how exposure to immigrant residential segregation during childhood affects male youths’ criminal behavior. We find evidence that being assigned to a neighborhood with a large share of immigrants increases the probability of being convicted of a drug related crime or sentenced to imprisonment for male youths. A one (within municipality-by-year) standard deviation increase in neighborhood segregation increases the probability of committing these types of crimes by between 11 to 13 percent. This corresponds to about one-fifth of the gap in crime between immigrants and natives for these types of offenses. We do not find significant effects for other types of crimes, such as violent and property crimes. The impacts are concentrated among youths with low educated parents. Immigration and Income Inequality in Sweden 1980 to 2011 investigates how much of the rising trend in income inequality in Sweden can be attributed to increased immigration. I find that the compositional effects associated with immigration account for between 2 and 9 percent of the overall increase in income inequality. Further, using the variation in immigrant density across labor market regions, I find that non-Nordic immigration has not had any significant effect on the native wage distribution. I find a negative effect of non-Nordic immigration on native employment. My estimates suggest that a 10 percentage point increase in non-Nordic immigration decreases native employment by 3 to 5 percentage points.
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Pieton, Michael A. "The Effectiveness of Capital Punishment in Reducing the Violent Crime Rate." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1495710346192765.
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Lively, Danielle Alexandria. "Social capital and crime which is cause and which is effect? A longitudinal analysis of U.S. cities /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/d_lively_042909.pdf.
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Berggren, Simon. "Crime, Community and the Negotiated Truth : Court Narratives of Capital Crime in the District Courts of Jämtland-Härjedalen 1649—1700." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323313.
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The purpose of this thesis is to study the court narratives of serious crimes in the district courts of Jämtland-Härjedalen in the latter half of 17th century. This is done by studying the negotiated aspects of criminal court proceedings; how did stories of crime, guilt and character come together in the records to form narratives that became accepted truths by the local community and the authorities? Investigations of serious crime have been sampled from the collected records of five district courts in the period 1649–1700. These records have been analysed by identifying the different actors and voices of the narratives, the social stratification of the participants, their speech acts and how they were depicted by the court and by other participants. The analysis of the social stratification of accusers, defendants and witnesses shows evidence of a deeply hierarchical and patriarchal society: men and women of lower social status were not only grossly overrepresented as defendants in criminal investigations, they were also mostly excluded from participating as a witness. The inverse could be said about local elites and landed peasantry. Women were more often accused of crime, and while they were allowed to testify as witnesses, they were less so than men. The negotiation of the truth took place in three parallel and intersecting spheres of discourse, differing in what kind of questions were asked and what problems were being discussed between different categories of participants. The nature of crime was negotiated when accusers, defendants and witnesses debated the presented narratives; the accepted narrative of the crime was found by the assessment of the honesty of the individual participants, by considering their reputation and standing in the local community. While the word of the law was unrelenting and impossible to legally negotiate at the district court level, a kind of negotiation was done by the local community and sometimes also the district court taking the side of the defendant, pleading and petitioning the Royal High Court to find mercy for the convicted criminal.
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Neves, Heidi Rosa Florencio. "Direito administrativo sancionador e o crime de insider trading." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-18112016-105900/.
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O objeto da dissertação é a regulamentação do uso indevido de informação privilegiada no mercado de capitais. Discute-se no texto qual seria a melhor maneira de reprimir a conduta praticada pelo insider trading, concluindo-se que o sistema ideal seria não mais a dupla repressão como ocorre atualmente, mas sim a separação entre as esferas administrativa e penal. A primeira julgaria as infrações de menor gravidade, deixando apenas as que efetivamente causassem potencialidade lesão grave ao bem jurídico sob a tutela do direito penal. Ante a necessidade de compreensão do contexto em que o delito de uso indevido de informação privilegiada ocorre, o trabalho inicia-se com um breve panorama do mercado de capitais, no qual se trata da formação do mercado de valores mobiliários, das bolsas de valores e das sociedades anônimas. Assim, no primeiro capítulo trata-se da regulamentação do mercado de capitais no Brasil, em especial, das Leis 6.385/1976, a qual regula o mercado de valores mobiliários brasileiro e traz a descrição do tipo penal do crime do insider trading no artigo 27-D, e da Lei 6.404/1976, que regula as sociedades anônimas no Brasil, e trata dos deveres de informar, de lealdade e de guardar sigilo impostos aos administradores das sociedades anônimas de capital aberto. No segundo capítulo, é feita inicialmente uma abordagem do que vem a ser o crime de insider trading e informação privilegiada, mencionando-se quais são argumentos contrários e a favor da repressão da conduta de utilização indevida de informação privilegiada. Na seqüência, faz-se uma breve análise da legislação estrangeira, com destaque para os países Estados Unidos da América, Espanha, Portugal e Itália. O terceiro capítulo trata da regulamentação do crime de insider trading no Brasil, iniciando-se com uma breve análise comparativa entre o tipo penal da legislação pátria e os das legislações estrangeiras estudadas no capítulo anterior. Em seguida, é analisada a tipicidade objetiva e subjetiva do tipo penal, concluindo-se que se trata de crime formal, que não admite tentativa e que se consuma no momento da utilização da 173 informação relevante ainda não divulgada ao mercado, independentemente da obtenção da vantagem indevida. Ainda no terceiro capítulo, trata-se do sujeito ativo e passivo do delito, concluindo-se que, de acordo com a redação do tipo penal, apenas quem tem o dever de manter sigilo pode ser responsabilizado criminalmente no Brasil pelo crime de insider trading, e que o sujeito passivo é a coletividade, a sociedade como um todo. Esse capítulo traz também o debate existente, sobretudo na doutrina estrangeira, de qual seria o bem jurídico tutelado pelo crime em comento. Dentre todas os possíveis bem jurídicos aventados, conclui-se que apenas a igualdade entre os investidores e a confiança no mercado de capitais são dignos de tutela penal e justificam a intervenção dessa esfera do direito. O quarto capítulo trata da relação existente entre o direito penal econômico e o crime de insider trading. Além de tratar das características do direito penal econômico, o capítulo traz críticas à expansão do direito penal moderno e trata da ineficiência da utilização da esfera penal para proteger de forma eficaz os delitos da moderna criminalidade econômica. O quinto e último capítulo trata justamente do título do trabalho: Direito Administrativo Sancionador e o Crime de Insider Trading. Nesse capítulo, explica-se o modelo proposto para sancionar a utilização indevida de informação privilegiada, iniciando-se por tratar da definição de direito administrativo sancionador e sua distinção entre o direito penal. Na seqüência trata-se da possível configuração de bis in idem existente atualmente com a aplicação de sanção administrativa e penal para o mesmo fato, para o mesmo sujeito e com o mesmo fundamento. Trata-se ainda do fortalecimento da CVM como agência reguladora para regulamentar, fiscalizar e punir com eficiência as utilização indevida de informação privilegiada, deixando para o direito penal apenas as infrações capazes de colocar em risco o mercado de capitais. Por fim, são expostas as conclusões do trabalho.The object of this dissertation is the regulation of the misuse of privileged information in the capital market. It is discussed in the text which would be the best way to repress the conduct practiced by insider trading, concluding that the ideal system would be no more the double repression as currently occurs, but a single repression in administrative or criminal sphere according to the seriousness of the offense. The first would judge the lesser gravity infractions, leaving only those that actually caused any serious injury to the good under the legal protection of criminal law. Before the need to understand the context in which the offense of misuse of privileged information occurs, the dissertation begins with a brief overview of capital markets, in which it comes to the formation of the securities market, stock exchange, as well as corporations. Thus, the first chapter deals with (i) the regulation of the capital market in Brazil, in particular regarding Law 6.385/1976, which regulates the securities market of Brazil and contains a description of the type of criminal offense of insider trading, and (ii) the Federal Act 6.404/1976, which regulates corporations in Brazil and provides the duties to inform, loyalty and confidentiality imposed on directors of stock companies. In the second chapter, it is initially provided an approach of the concept of the insider trading crime, mentioning what are the arguments against and in favor of its repression. Subsequently, there is a brief analysis of foreign law, particularly the legislation of the United States of America, Spain, Portugal and Italy. The third chapter deals with the regulation of the insider trading crime in Brazil, beginning with a brief comparative analysis of criminal hyphotesis provided by Brazilian law and the foreign legislation analyzed in the previous chapter. Then, it is analysed the objective and subjective elements of the criminal hypothesis, concluding that it is a formal crime, which admits no attempt and that occurs at the time of use of relevant information not yet disclosed to the market, independently of obtaining improper benefit. The fourth chapter deals with the relationship between economic crime and insider trading crime. Besides approaching characteristics of the economic criminal law, the chapter provides critics to the expansion of modern criminal law and deals with the inefficiency of using the criminal sphere to protect society against the crimes of modern economic criminality. The fifth and final chapter deals with the relationship between punitive administrative law and insider trading crime. In this chapter it is explained the model proposed to penalize the misuse of inside information, starting with the definition of punitive administrative law and its distinction from criminal law. Following reference is to the possible configuration of bis in idem currently existing in the application of the criminal and administrative sanction for the same offense, same individual and on the same basis. In addition, it is also discussed the strengthening of the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission) as the regulatory agency authorized to regulate, inspect and punish effectively the misuse of inside information, leaving to the penal sphere only the criminal law offenses that are entitled to put the capital market in risk. Finally, the dissertation conclusions are exposed.
Books on the topic "Capital crime"
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A capital crime. London: Quercus, 2011.
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A capital crime. Rearsby [England]: W.F. Howes, 2011.
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A capital crime. London: Quercus, 2010.
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Loeb, Robert H. Crime and capital punishment. 2nd ed. New York: F. Watts, 1986.
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Capital crimes. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1999.
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Social capital and urban crime. El Paso: LFB Scholarly Pub., 2011.
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Jakubowski, Maxim. Paris noir: Capital crime fiction. Rearsby: Clipper Large Print, 2008.
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Roger, White. Tight corner: A capital crime. Toronto: BPS Books, 2011.
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Schonebaum, Stephen E. Does capital punishment deter crime? Edited by Schonebaum Stephen E. 1961-. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1998.
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Capital crime: Black infant mortality in America. Newbury Park: Sage, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Capital crime"
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Gatti, Uberto. "Social Capital and Crime." In Organized Crime, Corruption and Crime Prevention, 61–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01839-3_8.
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Pearce, Frank, and Steven Tombs. "US Capital versus the Third World." In Global Crime Connections, 187–211. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22593-4_7.
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Hall, Matthew. "Victim Capital and Victim Policy Networks." In Victims of Crime, 241–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64589-6_6.
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Takagi, Daisuke. "Neighborhood Social Capital and Crime." In Global Perspectives on Social Capital and Health, 143–66. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7464-7_6.
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Pepper, Andrew. "Crime fiction and global capital." In The Routledge Companion to Crime Fiction, 353–61. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429453342-43.
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Kleck, Gary, and Brion Sever. "The Impact of Capital Punishment on Murder Rates." In Punishment and Crime, 196–214. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315142258-8.
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Bailey, Victor. "James Fitzjames Stephen, “Capital Punishments,” 1864, Excerpt." In Nineteenth-Century Crime and Punishment, 275–90. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429504020-48.
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Bailey, Victor. "Henry Mayhew, “On Capital Punishments,” 1856, Excerpts." In Nineteenth-Century Crime and Punishment, 228–36. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429504020-40.
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Bailey, Victor. "Joseph John Gurney's Opposition to Capital Punishment." In Nineteenth-Century Crime and Punishment, 268–72. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429504020-46.
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Seal, Lizzie. "Capital punishment and the emotional public sphere in mid-twentieth century Britain." In Emotions and Crime, 113–28. 1 Edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351017633-8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Capital crime"
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Arslan, Çetin, and Didar Özdemir. "Insider Trading Crime in Turkish Criminal Law." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02113.
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Insider trading act is penalised ultima ratio with the aim of fighting against manmade market actions which outrage the principle of public disclosure and the element of trust in order to establish equality and good faith in capital markets. Insider trading is first disposed as a crime among the other capital market crimes (art.47/1-A-1) in the Capital Market Code no.2499 dated 28.07.1981 with the Amendment to the law no.3794 dated 29.04.1992 and at the present time it is rearranged as a self-contained crime type in article 106 of the Capital Market Code no.6362 dated 06.12.2012. In this study, the crime of insider trading is examined –in particular through the controversial points- as a comparative analysis between abrogated and current dispositions in Turkish Law.
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Segeš, Vladimír. "Velezrada v uhorskom stredovekom práve." In Protistátní trestné činy včera a dnes. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9976-2021-3.
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Treason, or crime of unfaithfulness (nota infidelitatis) was considered as the most serious crime in Hungarian legislation and it included several crimes. It is first mentioned in a law enacted by king Matthias in 1462 that lists approximately 20 crimes. In the 1514 Tripartitum lists more than 30 crimes in 18 points which could be subdivided into 6 subgroups: malice against property (meaning the sovereign), treason and rebellion, violence against authorities and officials, heresy, forging of official documents and money, murder and defilement of relatives. Treason was punished by head and property of the perpetrator. Eventual granting of mercy by the ruler was usually related to the capital punishment but not confiscation of property.
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Trembošová, Miroslava, Alena Dubcová, and Miroslav Dragula. "Priestorové disparity socio-patologického javu kvality života na príklade kriminality v Bratislavskom samosprávnom kraji." In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-51.
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The quality of life of the people is a broad spectrum area of scientific research. It is measured through 9 indicators, which include an indicator of physical and economic security, which includes a negative phenomenon - criminality. The aim of the paper is spatial analysis of criminality as one of the elements of quality of life in the Bratislava self-governing region (BSR) in four areas (violent, moral, property and economic), as well as a comparison of the crimes of the capital cities Bratislava and Prague. The basic tool of data processing is comparative analysis and techniques in GIS and Excel programs. Most criminal acts in Slovakia are committed in BSR and in Bratislava. The highest number is recorded in property crime, especially car robbery committed and car theft. 18.6% of all criminal offences in Slovakia were committed in BSR (69,635 in 2016). 56.7% were cleared up and only 43% in BSR. Although the Czech capital, Prague, has a population three times bigger than Bratislava, it has only two times larger amount of crimes per 1,000 inhabitants. In recount of 1,000 inhabitants Bratislava exceeds Prague in violent crime, which we consider to be a serious socio-pathological phenomenon of society which reflects in the quality of life of its inhabitants.
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Johan, Suwinto, and Ariawan Ariawan. "Information-Conneted Approach in Identifying Capital Market Crime at Information Technology Era." In International Conference on Economics, Business, Social, and Humanities (ICEBSH 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210805.035.
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Çetin, Soner Hamza. "Market Manipulation According to the Capital Market Law." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c13.02593.
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The behavior (manipulation) for prompting selling or buying a capital market instrument or increasing or decreasing the value of capital market instrument artificially by deceiving the investors in the capital market sprincipally deteriorate the trust and stability of the capital market and damages the rights of the investors. Besides, such behavior upsets the transparency of the market and causes that the trust that should be in the market is breached. Such behavior called as manipulation in the capital markets are arranged under the name “market manipulation” in the article 107 of the Capital Market Law (SPKn) no: 6362. Because of the negative impacts on the market, having an arrangement as a crime separate from the fraud provisions included in the criminal code is principally a statement of a necessity. Market manipulation is subjected to a dual distinction as committed based on insider information and committed based on transaction. Article 107/1 regulates the market manipulation based on trade and Article 107/2 of SPKn the market manipulation based on information. Even though the same imprisonment is anticipated in the law for both market manipulation, for the market manipulation based on trade, a special remorse circumstance is included in the Article 107/3 and a special compliance with the laws reasons in the Article 108.
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Petrović, Dragana. "RELATIVIZACIJA NEGATIVNOG STAVA O PORESKIM RAJEVIMA." In XV Majsko savetovanje: Sloboda pružanja usluga i pravna sigurnost. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xvmajsko.1033p.
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Tax havens represent a country or territory of a particular country under foreign jurisdiction through which goods tax policy and strict compliance with the principle of banking secrecy wants to attract and retain foreign capital. Administration although the tax benefits the country's potential knowingly waive part of fiscal revenues, "the final product" that "tax havens" offer is to increase economic activity by the inflow of foreign capital more than a stimulating effect on small tax income from low tax rates. The tax havens typically not a question of whether the money is clean or dirty. From this optics, often emphasizes the special relationship between tax havens and organized crime (ie. Money laundering), which placed them as such at a particular time, place, context! This is the essence, but also an alternative to the current approach to the consideration of the relevant issues. The problem here analyzed from an interesting angle that perhaps best explains the reasons for the selection of the title so much. Further exposure will include the introduction to the basic features of tax havens, the current situation and the ways in which they work, where the author concludes, the story of tax havens should not always focus on something negative (criminal or immoral).
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MODESTO, Natália Priscila Silva, Elen Karina Farias de LIMA, Iana BELTRÃO, Nataliana Cativo dos SANTOS, and Marcilene Conceição FREITAS. "REFLEXÕES SOBRE O CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO DA EDUCAÇÃO NO BRASIL E RETROCESSOS NO (DES) GOVERNO DE MICHEL TEMER." In Anais do Evento Formação Acadêmico-Profissional em Tempos de Crise do Capital. Recife, Brasil: Even3, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/15317.1-1.
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أبو الحسن اسماعيل, علاء. "Assessing the Political Ideology in the Excerpts Cited from the Speeches and Resolutions of the Former Regime After the Acts of Genocide." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/2.
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If killing a single person is considered as a major crime that forbidden by Sharia and law at the international level and at the level of all religions and divine legislation, so what about the concept of genocide!! Here, not just an individual with a weak influence on society is killed, but thousands of individuals, that means an entire nation, a future, energy and human and intellectual capabilities that can tip the scales, and on the other hand, broken and half-dead hearts are left behind from the horrific scenes of killing they witnessed before their eyes, moreover, the massacres of genocide continues to excrete its remnants and consequences for long years and for successive generations, and it may generate grudges of revenge among generations that did not receive the adequate awareness and psychological support which are necessary to rehabilitate these generations to benefit from the tragedies and bitter experiences of life to turn them into lessons and incentives to achieve progress and advancement. Genocide is a deadly poison whose toxic effect extends from generations to others unless it is wisely controlled. Here the role of the international community and its legal, legislative and humanitarian stance from these crimes is so important and supportive. Genocide can be occurred on two levels: external and internal. As for genocide on the external level: this is what happened at the hands of foreign powers against a certain people for colonial and expansionist goals in favor of the occupier or usurper. There are many examples throughout history, such as the Ottoman and British occupations...etc Whereas genocide at the internal level, can be defined as the repressive actions that governments practice against their own people for goals that could be extremist, racist or dictatorial, such as t ""Al-Anfal"" massacre in 1988 carried out by the previous regime against the Kurds in the Kurdistan region. The number of victims amounted at one hundred thousand martyrs, most of them were innocent and unarmed people from children, women and the elderly, and also the genocide which was practiced against of the organizers of Al-Shaibania Revolution in 1991 was another example of genocide in the internal level. It is possible to deduce a third level between the external and internal levels, which is the genocide that is done at the hands of internal elements from the people of the country, but in implementation of external agendas, for example, the scenes of organized and systematic sectarian killing that we witnessed daily during (2007) and (2008), followed by dozens of bloody explosions in various regions throughout the capital, which unfortunately was practiced by the people of the country who were misguided elements in order to destabilize the security of the country and we did not know until this moment in favor of which external party!! In the three aforementioned cases, nothing can justify the act of killing or genocide, but in my personal opinion, I see that genocide at the hands of foreign forces is less drastic effects than the genocides that done at the hands of internal forces that kill their own people to impose their control and to defense their survival, from the perspective of ""the survival for the strongest, the most criminal and the most dictatorial. The matter which actually dragged the country into the abyss and the ages of darkness and ignorance. As for the foreign occupier, he remains an occupier, and it is so natural for him to be resentful and spiteful and to keep moving with the bragging theory of that (the end justifies the means) and usurping lands illegally, but perhaps recently the occupier has begun to exploit loopholes in international laws and try to gain the support of the international community and international organizations to prove the legitimacy of what has no legitimacy, in the end to achieve goals which pour into the interest of the occupiers' country and from the principle of building the happiness and well-being of the occupiers' people at the expense of the misery and injustice of other peoples!! This remains absolutely dehumanizing societal crime, but at least it has a positive side, which is maximizing economic resources and thus achieving the welfare of a people at the expense of seizing the wealth of the occupied country. This remains the goal of the occupier since the beginning of creation to this day, but today the occupation associated with the horrific and systematic killing has begun to take a new template by framing the ugliness of the crime with humanitarian goals and the worst, to exploit religion to cover their criminal acts. A good example of this is the genocide that took place at the hands of the terrorist organization ISIS, that contradictory organization who adopted the religion which forbids killing and considers it as one of the greatest sins as a means to practice the most heinous types of killing that contemporary history has witnessed!! The ""Spiker"" and ""Sinjar"" massacres in 2014 are the best evidence of this duality in the ideology of this terrorist organization. We may note that the more we advance in time, the more justification for the crimes of murder and genocide increases. For example, we all know the first crimes of genocide represented by the fall of Baghdad at the hands of the Mongol leader ""Hulagu"" in 1258. At that time, the crimes of genocide did not need justification, as they were practiced openly and insolently for subversive, barbaric and criminal goals!! The question here imposes itself: why were the crimes of genocide in the past practiced openly and publicly without need to justify the ugliness of the act? And over time, the crimes of genocide began to be framed by pretexts to legitimize what is prohibited, and to permit what is forbidden!! Or to clothe brutality and barbarism in the patchwork quilt of humanity?? And with this question, crossed my mind the following ""Aya"" from the Glorious Quran (and do not kill the soul that God has forbidden except in the right) , this an explicit ""Aya"" that prohibits killing and permits it only in the right, through the use of the exception tool (except) that permits what coming after it . But the"" right"" that God describes in the glorious Quran has been translated by the human tongues into many forms and faces of falsehood!! Anyway, expect the answer of this controversial question within the results of this study. This study will discuss the axis of (ideologies of various types and genocide), as we will analyze excerpts from the speeches of the former regime that were announced on the local media after each act of genocide or purification, as the former regime described at that time, but the difference in this study is that the analysis will be according to a scientific and thoughtful approach which is far from the personal ideology of the researcher. The analysis will be based on a model proposed by the contemporary Dutch scientist ""Teun A. Van Dijk"". Born in 1943, ""Van Dijk"" is a distinguished scholar and teaching in major international universities. He has authored many approved books as curricula for teaching in the field of linguistics and political discourse analysis. In this study, Van Dijk's Model will be adopted to analyze political discourse ideologies according to forty-one criteria. The analysis process will be conducted in full transparency and credibility in accordance with these criteria without imposing the researcher's personal views. This study aims to shed light on the way of thinking that the dictatorial regimes adopt to impose their existence by force against the will of the people, which can be used to develop peoples' awareness to understand and analyze political statements in a scientific way away from the inherited ideologies imposed by customs, clan traditions, religion, doctrine and nationalism. With accurate scientific diagnosis, we put our hand on the wounds. So we can cure them and also remove the scars of these wounds. This is what we seek in this study, diagnosis and therefore suggesting the suitable treatment "
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Devianty, Farah Gitty, Widjajani, and E. Dwipriyoko. "General Review on Crimes in the Capital Market Sector." In 1st Paris Van Java International Seminar on Health, Economics, Social Science and Humanities (PVJ-ISHESSH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210304.016.
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Oliveira, Tiago. "Pandemia, neoliberalismo e mercantilização da educação pública na ditadura do capital: o risco dos Institutos Federais." In Simpósio Internacional Trabalho, Relações de Trabalho, Educação e Identidade. Appos, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47930/1980-685x.2020.3202.
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Diante de todas as medidas de isolamento social provocadas pela pandemia do Coronavírus, o presente artigo busca relacionar os efeitos desta crise com o cenário da crise estrutural do capital dentro da ótima do neoliberalismo no Brasil. Enfoca-se as premissas fundamentais da ordem capitalista neoliberal e seus efeitos para a educação pública brasileira, destacando a formação oferecida nos Institutos Federais. Diante da possibilidade do uso da educação a distância como forma de trabalho das instituições federais, serão analisados dados do Ministério da Educação e de pesquisas relacionadas ao acesso à recursos digitais. Embasada em referências do materialismo histórico dialético, a pesquisa sinaliza para os riscos da privatização, da flexibilização e de relações precárias de trabalho na educação, enfatizando a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novas formas de sociabilidade no período pós-pandemia.
Reports on the topic "Capital crime"
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Lochner, Lance. Education, Work, and Crime: A Human Capital Approach. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10478.
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Aizer, Anna, and Joseph Doyle. Juvenile Incarceration, Human Capital and Future Crime: Evidence from Randomly-Assigned Judges. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19102.
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Guarín, Arlen, Carlos Alberto Medina-Durango, and Jorge Andrés Tamayo-Castaño. The effects of punishment of crime in Colombia on deterrence, incapacitation, and human capital formation. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.774.
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Brakarz, Barbara, Karisa Ribeiro, Diego Arcia, Sandra Maria Santos Holanda, Marcos Daniel Souza dos Santos, Fernando Araldi, Carolina Baima, et al. Mobilidade urbana e agenda ASG: um caminho para o desenvolvimento econmico e sustentável. Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004684.
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A mobilidade urbana desempenha um importante papel social e no desenvolvimento das cidades. Em meio à crise climática, o setor é essencial para a recuperação verde, ou seja, para promover uma economia mais sustentável e resiliente, trazendo benefícios econômicos e sociais no médio e longo prazo. Melhorar a mobilidade urbana pode contribuir para reduzir as emissões de gases de efeito estufa, desenvolver novos projetos sustentáveis e implementar padres e acordos internacionais para uma transição econômica justa de baixo carbono. Esta nota técnica, elaborada entre o Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional e o Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento, apresenta os seguintes temas: contextualização do setor de mobilidade urbana no Brasil sob a ótica ambiental, social e de governança (ESG); a integração das práticas ESG no setor de mobilidade urbana no Brasil, o financiamento da mobilidade urbana no Brasil e sua situação atual; e soluções para atração de capital privado, incluindo instrumentos elegíveis para o financiamento da mobilidade urbana no Brasil e apresentação dos instrumentos financeiros temáticos do setor.
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Estevens, Ana, Fabian Pavel, Agustín Cocola-Gant, and António Lopez-Gay. Reabilitação e turismo na cidade de Lisboa. Policy Brief. Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Universidade de Lisboa, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33787/ceg20220003.
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- Ao longo das últimas duas décadas o Estado Português e a Câmara Municipal de Lisboa têm fomentado políticas públicas de reabilitação destinadas a incentivar a atração de capitais transnacionais,encorajando o seu investimento no imobiliário e no turismo. - Em Lisboa, o setor do turismo tornou-se um dos principais eixos estratégicos da retoma económica pós crise financeira de 2008, merecendo especial destaque as freguesias centrais da cidade. - Neste período, os registos de Alojamento Local (AL) e os hotéis têm vindo a aumentar. Segundo o Turismo de Portugal, os AL passaram de 46 em 2009 para 19.300 em 2021. Este aumento é especialmente relevante nas freguesias centrais da cidade (Arroios, Misericórdia, Santa Maria Maior, Santo António e São Vicente) onde se localiza 71% do AL. A mesma fonte identifica que desde 2009 abriram mais 137 hotéis, sendo que 106 destes se localizam nas freguesias centrais. - Paralelamente, entre 2011 e 2021, perderam-se 1,2% dos alojamentos familiares. Este valor aumenta nas freguesias centrais para 18%, onde se nota, também, uma perda populacional (-19%). Destacam-se as freguesias da Misericórdia e de Santa Maria Maior que perderam, respetivamente, 17,9% e 27,8% dos seus alojamentos familiares, e 26,1% e 22% dos seus habitantes. No total das 5 freguesias centrais nota-se também uma perda de população (-19%) (INE). - Verificámos a substituição da habitação por estabelecimentos turísticos relacionada com processos de reabilitação. Apurámos que 34% dos edifícios existentes nas freguesias centrais tiveram, na última década, alvará para reabilitação, sendo que 82,3% dessas reabilitações deram lugar a AL e a hotéis (CML). - Em Lisboa, a habitação disponível quer para venda, quer para arrendamento sofreu um aumento exponencial do seu valor/m2. Entre 2010 e 2009, o valor da venda aumentou 70,9% e o do arrendamento 54,7%. Nos mesmos anos, nas freguesias do centro da cidade o valor da venda/m2 aumentou 99,4% e o do arrendamento 50,4% (Confidencial Imobiliário). Contudo, os salários médios, entre 2009 e 2019, aumentaram 15,85% (INE). - Em última instância, uma parte consistente da reabilitação de que foi alvo o edificado da cidade, não foi destinada a melhorar as condições habitacionais dos residentes. Criaram-se desigualdades sócio-espaciais evidentes, que se destacam nas freguesias centrais, em que a habitação perdeu a sua função social, dando lugar a edifícios para uso turístico.