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Journal articles on the topic 'Capital and Income'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Tri Septiani, Wenny, Zamzami Zamzami, and Candra Mustika. "Analisis pengaruh pendapatan perkapita dan belanja modal terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Pulau Sumatera." e-Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Daerah 8, no. 3 (September 5, 2019): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pdpd.v8i3.7351.

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This study aims to: 1) To analyze and determine the development of per capita income, capital expenditure, and poverty levels on the island of Sumatra. 2) To analyze and determine the effect of per capita income and capital expenditure on poverty levels in Sumatra Island. The research analysis tool used panel data regression analysis tools. Based on the results of panel data regression, it can be concluded that per capita income and capital expenditure on the poverty level together have a significant effect. Whereas partially only the per capita income variable had a significant and negative effect on the poverty level, while capital expenditure had no significant and positive effect on the poverty level. Keywords: Poverty rate, Per capita income, Capital expenditures

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2

Christiansen, Vidar, and Matti Tuomala. "On taxing capital income with income shifting." International Tax and Public Finance 15, no. 4 (May 16, 2008): 527–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10797-008-9076-x.

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3

Giovannini, Alberto. "International capital mobility and capital-income taxation." European Economic Review 34, no. 2-3 (May 1990): 480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(90)90121-e.

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4

Kuznets, Simon. "Population, income and capital." International Social Science Journal 50, no. 157 (September 1998): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2451.00141.

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5

Armour, Philip, Richard V. Burkhauser, and Jeff Larrimore. "Deconstructing Income and Income Inequality Measures: A Crosswalk from Market Income to Comprehensive Income." American Economic Review 103, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.3.173.

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Recent research on levels and trends in the United States in income inequality vary substantially in how they measure income. We show the sensitivity of alternative income measures in capturing income trends using a unified data set. Focusing solely on market income or including realized taxable capital gains based on IRS tax return data in more comprehensive household income measures will dramatically increase inequality growth compared to capital gains measures more in keeping with Haig-Simons principles. Using a measure of yearly accrued capital gains dramatically reduces observed growth in income inequality across the distribution, but also equalizes income growth since 1989.

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6

Fadli, Fadli. "Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Masyarakat Pasca Tsunami." Jurnal Agrium 10, no. 2 (March 26, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/agrium.v10i2.495.

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Analysis of factors influencing people’s income after tsunami. Income is the main factor in improving the walfare of society. Post-tsunami community life certainly very difficult, all sources of income and their property destroyed by the brunt of the tsunami waves. Human capital, physical capital and economic capital and social capital is also a key factor in increasing rural incomes post-tsunami. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence people’s income after the tsunami. Data were analyzed by regression analysis. The research show that social capital is a factor which significantly affect the increase in income after the tsunami.

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7

Grochulski, Borys, and Tomasz Piskorski. "Risky human capital and deferred capital income taxation." Journal of Economic Theory 145, no. 3 (May 2010): 908–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2009.09.003.

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8

MURPHY, RYAN H. "Economic freedom of North America at state borders." Journal of Institutional Economics 12, no. 4 (June 15, 2016): 885–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137416000114.

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AbstractI use matched county pairs on either side of US state borders to investigate the causal effects of the Economic Freedom of North America index (EFNA) on local outcomes. This method is similar to Dube et al. (2010). I construct a panel of county pairs running from 1981–2012 and four measures of outcomes, logged real incomes, logged real per capita incomes, employment, and logged real wages, employing single year and five year differences-in-differences. I find small, but precisely estimated, effects on incomes but mixed effects on wages and employment. All regressions show low R2. This supports the hypothesis that state-level economic freedom improves capital income or that it attracts capital income across state borders.

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9

Bengtsson, Erik, and Daniel Waldenström. "Capital Shares and Income Inequality: Evidence from the Long Run." Journal of Economic History 78, no. 3 (September 2018): 712–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050718000347.

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This article studies the long-run relationship between the capital share in national income and top personal income shares. Using a newly constructed historical cross-country database on capital shares and top income data, we find evidence on a strong, positive link that has grown stronger over the past century. The connection is stronger in Anglo-Saxon countries, in the very top of the distribution, when top capital incomes predominate, when using distributed top national income shares, and when considering gross of depreciation capital shares. Out of-sample predictions of top shares using capital shares indicates several cases of over- or underestimation.

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10

Gärtner, Manfred. "Bankgeheimnis und Verrechnungssteuer: Konsequenzen für die Steuerehrlichkeit in den Kantonen der Schweiz." Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik 12, no. 3 (August 2011): 258–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2516.2011.00365.x.

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AbstractSwiss banking secrecy tempts foreigners to remain silent about capital incomes and, thus, not pay taxes as obliged by law, but residents of Switzerland as well. Therefore, Switzerland introduced a withholding tax on capital income in order to make domestic residents report levels of wealth and capital incomes properly. We ask whether a withholding tax rate of 35 percent achieves this goal. For this purpose, marginal income tax rates are computed and income distributions are estimated for each canton. From these we identify income levels and shares of tax payers for whom the withholding tax does not work as intended.

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11

Kitao, Sagiri. "Labor-dependent capital income taxation." Journal of Monetary Economics 57, no. 8 (November 2010): 959–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2010.09.004.

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12

Hill, Robert J., and T. Peter Hill. "Expectations, Capital Gains, and Income." Economic Inquiry 41, no. 4 (October 2003): 607–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ei/cbg031.

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13

Blakey, Peter. "Income from capital [Wireless Investor]." IEEE Microwave Magazine 9, no. 5 (October 2008): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmm.2008.927651.

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14

Lee, Jong-Wha, and Hanol Lee. "Human capital and income inequality*." Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 23, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 554–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2018.1515002.

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15

Zodrow, George R. "Capital Income Taxation in Burundi." Journal of African Economies 2, no. 3 (December 1993): 348–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jae.a036789.

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16

Nakajima, Makoto. "Capital income taxation with housing." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 115 (June 2020): 103883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2020.103883.

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17

Buch, Claudia M. "Has Labor Income Become More Volatile? Evidence from International Industry-Level Data." German Economic Review 14, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 399–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2012.00575.x.

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Abstract Changes in labor market institutions and the increasing integration of the world economy may affect the volatility of capital and labor incomes. This article documents and analyzes changes in income volatility using data for 11 industrialized countries, 22 industries and 35 years (1970-2004). The article has four main findings. First, the unconditional volatility of labor income has declined in parallel to the decline in macroeconomic volatility. Second, the industry-specific, idiosyncratic component of labor income volatility has hardly changed. Third, cross-sectional heterogeneity is substantial. If anything, the labor incomes of high- and low-skilled workers have become more volatile relative to the volatility of capital incomes. Fourth, the volatility of labor income relative to the volatility of capital income declines in the labor share. Trade openness has no clear-cut impact.

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18

Pratysto, Tangguh, and Ingrid Panjaitan. "Eradicating Income Inequality in Lower Middle-Income Countries." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 20, no. 2 (January 9, 2020): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v20i2.8517.

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Studying the distribution of income is an important issue to know what factors which affect to make income distribution more equitable, what factors can be the key to resolving the problem of income inequality, and shortening the distance between the poor and the rich. This paper studies the relationship between human capital, inflation rate, unemployment rate, physical capital, fiscal expenditure, gross domestic product growth, and urbanization on income inequality in 52 Lower Middle-Income Countries throughout 1990-2014. The authors estimate the impact of seven independent variables on income inequality as a dependent using Prais-Winsten with the robust model over period 1990-2014 at 52 Lower Middle-Income Countries. The results indicate an increase in human capital (gross school enrollment tertiary) can make the income distribution more even in the long run. The writers conclude that increases in human capital can reduce Gini coefficient and hence make income distribution fairer.

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19

Rowell, Michael. "Social Security Commissioners' decisions: Income support: Capital and income." Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 13, no. 6 (November 1991): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09649069108413578.

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20

Yamamura, Eiji. "Social capital, household income, and preferences for income redistribution." European Journal of Political Economy 28, no. 4 (December 2012): 498–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2012.05.010.

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21

Chi, Wei. "Capital income and income inequality: Evidence from urban China." Journal of Comparative Economics 40, no. 2 (May 2012): 228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2012.03.004.

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22

Chen, Wan-Jiun, and Chien-Ho Wang. "A General Cross-Country Panel Analysis for the Effects of Capitals and Energy, on Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 23, 2020): 5916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155916.

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To clarify the effects of generalized capitals and energy footprint on aggregate incomes and total carbon dioxide emissions, a cross-country panel analysis is applied in the present study. The generalized capitals included in this study are human capital, manufacture capital, natural capitals (as rents of fossil fuels, forest, and minerals). The energy footprint is represented by the primary energy consumption to index the overall domestic energy use. A Cobb–Douglas production function is used to empirically study on a panel of 21 European Union countries. Annual data of rents of natural capitals are used to represent the economic value of natural capitals that flows to the economy. The following are the main findings of this study: (1) Employing human and manufactural capital makes contributions to income growth and carbon reduction. This study’s evidence guides to clarify the misunderstanding of capital and capitalism. Innovations through well-developed and well-managed human and manufactured capital can help sustain income and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. (2) Energy footprint is the vital determinant to total carbon dioxide emissions and hence the most important part of climate policy. (3) The value currently commeasured by monetary terms and compiled by the World Bank is evidenced, not persistently contributed to the income, rather contributed to total carbon dioxide emissions, for the sake of the energy-intensive attributes in the resource-extracting industry. The natural capitals represented by the rent of extracting endowed natural resources can only represent part of the value of natural capitals to human beings. The virtue values of natural capitals in terms of amenity and life supporting are inevitable, but intangible and hence incommensurable. This value is still ignored and unable to enter the contemporary gate of monetary national accounting system.

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23

Jacobs, Bas, and A. Lans Bovenberg. "Human capital and optimal positive taxation of capital income." International Tax and Public Finance 17, no. 5 (July 3, 2009): 451–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10797-009-9120-5.

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24

Zhang, Shuai, Binbin Liu, Dajian Zhu, and Mingwang Cheng. "Explaining Individual Subjective Well-Being of Urban China Based on the Four-Capital Model." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2018): 3480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103480.

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A growing body of literature explains subjective well-being (SWB) from different perspectives. The statement of “built, human, social, and natural capital are necessary determinants of SWB” is named the four-capital model. Based on a cross-sectional dataset in 2013, which included 3293 individuals and covered the urban areas of most provinces in China, this paper employs the four-capital model to explain individual SWB of urban China. We select individual income and household income per capita as proxies of built capital; physical health and education as proxies of human capital; social connection and social trust as proxies of social capital; and air quality as a proxy of natural capital. In the four-capital model, household income per capita and physical health have almost the same and larger positive impacts on individual SWB of urban China; social connection, social trust, and air quality have smaller and diminishing positive impacts on individual SWB of urban China; and individual income and education are statistically insignificant. The empirical results offer guidance on how to achieve human-centered urbanization for China. This paper provides insights into how to further improve human well-being of urban residents in China and the applicability of the four-capital model in explaining SWB at the individual level.

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25

Muda, Iskandar, and Azura Annisa Fitri Hutapea. "Influence of capital expenditure and income original region to the income per capita in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 126 (March 2018): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012065.

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26

Kawachi, I., B. P. Kennedy, K. Lochner, and D. Prothrow-Stith. "Social capital, income inequality, and mortality." American Journal of Public Health 87, no. 9 (September 1997): 1491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.87.9.1491.

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27

Vogelgesang, Ulrike. "Optimal Capital Income Taxation and Redistribution." FinanzArchiv 57, no. 4 (2001): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/0015221012904805.

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28

Hashmi, Aamir Rafique. "INTANGIBLE CAPITAL AND INTERNATIONAL INCOME DIFFERENCES." Macroeconomic Dynamics 17, no. 3 (November 23, 2011): 621–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136510051100040x.

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I add intangible capital to a variant of the neoclassical growth model that already features physical and human capital, and study the implications for international income differences. I calibrate the parameters associated with intangible capital by using new estimates of investment in intangibles by Corrado et al. [Review of Income and Wealth 55, 661–685 (2009)] and depreciation rates by Corrado and Hulten [American Economic Review 100, 99–104 (2010)]. I find that for a given efficiency difference between rich and poor countries, the model with intangible capital can explain more than double the income differences of the model without. Put another way, in the benchmark case, differences in intangible capital account for 14.3% of the observed income differences. I also examine the role played by intangible capital in versions of the model with barriers to accumulation. In all the variants that I consider, differences in intangible capital account for 10% to 22% of the observed income differences.

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29

Tobin, James. "Fisher'sThe Nature of Capital and Income." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 64, no. 1 (January 2005): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.2005.00359.x.

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30

Kacperczyk, Marcin, Jaromir Nosal, and Luminita Stevens. "Investor sophistication and capital income inequality." Journal of Monetary Economics 107 (November 2019): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2018.11.002.

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31

Johnson, William R. "Income Redistribution as Human Capital Insurance." Journal of Human Resources 22, no. 2 (1987): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/145905.

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32

Sequeira, Tiago Neves, Marcelo Santos, and Alexandra Ferreira-Lopes. "Income Inequality, TFP, and Human Capital." Economic Record 93, no. 300 (January 16, 2017): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4932.12316.

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33

Arsal, A., I. Karim, D. Salman, I. M. Fahmid, Mahyudin, and A. Amiruddin. "Social capital and maize farmers’ income." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 575 (October 29, 2020): 012101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/575/1/012101.

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34

Auerbach, Alan J. "The Future of Capital Income Taxation." Fiscal Studies 27, no. 4 (December 2006): 399–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.2006.00040.x.

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35

Judd, Kenneth L. "Capital-Income Taxation with Imperfect Competition." American Economic Review 92, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282802320191723.

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36

Anctil, Regina M. "Capital budgeting using residual income maximization." Review of Accounting Studies 1, no. 2 (June 1996): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02352424.

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37

Andersen, Torben M. "Capital income taxation and resource allocation." European Journal of Political Economy 4, no. 4 (January 1988): 553–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0176-2680(88)90017-1.

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38

Anctil, Regina M. "Capital budgeting using residual income maximization." Review of Accounting Studies 1, no. 1 (March 1996): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00565410.

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39

Bumann, Silke, and Robert Lensink. "Capital account liberalization and income inequality." Journal of International Money and Finance 61 (March 2016): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2015.10.004.

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40

Becker, Robert A. "Capital income taxation and perfect foresight." Journal of Public Economics 26, no. 2 (March 1985): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(85)90002-7.

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41

Giannini, Massimo. "Human capital and income distribution dynamics." Research in Economics 55, no. 3 (September 2001): 305–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/reec.2000.0257.

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42

Castelló-Climent, Amparo, and Rafael Doménech. "Human capital and income inequality revisited." Education Economics 29, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 194–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2020.1870936.

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43

Klemm, Alexander, Christophe Waerzeggers, and Shafik Hebous. "Capital Income Taxation in the Netherlands." IMF Working Papers 2021, no. 145 (May 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513573441.001.

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44

Stempel, Carl. "Gender, Social Class, and the Sporting Capital–Economic Capital Nexus." Sociology of Sport Journal 23, no. 3 (September 2006): 273–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.23.3.273.

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In “Do High School Athletes Earn More Pay?” Curtis, McTeer, and White reopened an important line of inquiry about the conversion of sporting capital to economic capital. They found associations between adolescent participation sports and adult income for Canadian men and women with some college education. The present study revises and extends Curtis and colleagues’ understanding of sport as cultural capital and its relation to economic capital, tests the nature of the high school varsity sport–adult income relationship for the United States, and examines gender and class differences in the degree to which adult sporting practices mediate the varsity sport–adult income relationship. The results show that American class and gender patterns of income and participation are similar to those found by Curtis and colleagues and that adult participation in sports more strongly mediates this relationship for men than for women. I conclude by proposing a gendered theory of sports as cultural capital to explain those differences.

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45

Veenstra, Gerry, and Andrew C. Patterson. "Capital Relations and Health: Mediating and Moderating Effects of Cultural, Economic, and Social Capitals on Mortality in Alameda County, California." International Journal of Health Services 42, no. 2 (April 2012): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hs.42.2.h.

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Inspired by Bourdieu's theories on various forms of capital, conversions among them, and the fields (social spaces) delineated by possession of them, the authors investigate distinct and interconnected effects of cultural, economic, and social capitals on risk of mortality. Using 35 years of longitudinal data from the Alameda County Study (n = 6,157), they created discrete-time hazard models to predict all-cause mortality from educational attainment (institutionalized cultural capital), household income (economic capital), and different forms of personal ties (social capital). The results show that education, income, having three or more close friends, regularity of church attendance, and participation in social/recreational groups were all negatively and significantly associated with risk of mortality. Income mediated a significant portion of the education effect. None of the personal ties variables mediated the effects of education or income. Relative composition of the sum total of education and income did not have an effect. Lastly, examination of statistical interactions between capitals determined that protective effects of church attendance and participation in community betterment groups applied only to non-wealthy people. These findings speak to the structure of the U.S. social space within which health-delimiting relationally defined social classes may be made manifest.

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46

Polishchuk, E. A. "SOCIAL CAPITAL IN THE LABOR MARKET." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 30, no. 4 (August 13, 2020): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2020-30-4-503-511.

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Today, the main goal for any country is to ensure economic growth (quantitative changes) and economic development (qualitative changes). Based on the main macroeconomic identity, one of the most important factors of economic growth, GDP growth, is the size of consumption (C, consumption). Consumption directly depends on the amount of income, first of all, labor income, which is formed in the labor market. In turn, the amount of labor income is determined by the impact of a number of factors that affect the income of employees at the macro and micro levels. On the one hand, the size of a country's GDP is calculated as the sum of income from the use of various factors of production. But, on the other hand, the general state of the national economy is a significant factor in the amount of individual income. At the micro level of the economy, the individual income of employees highly depends on the significance of the profession and industry for the country's economy, the level of qualification of the employee, the experience and length of service in this profession, the position held, etc. A very important factor in an employee's career success and income is social capital accumulated by him or her. Let's look at how social capital "works" in the labor market: 1) What is social capital at the micro level? 2) How are social and human capitals linked? 3) How are social capital and information about the labor market situation related? 4) What are the most general trends in the development of the labor market and what is the role of social capital in the new conditions?

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47

Kuzkin, Yevgen, Tetiana Cherkashyna, Natalia Nebaba, and Bozena Kuchmacz. "Economic growth of the country and national intellectual capital (evidence from the post-socialist countries of the central and eastern Europe)." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 1 (April 2, 2019): 348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(1).2019.30.

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The purpose of the article is to study the innovation levers of developing the intellectual background for economic growth in two groups of post-socialist Central and Eastern European countries (middle-income and lower-middle-income countries). To achieve that, the quantitative effect of the national intellectual capital components (human capital, market capital, structural capital and capital of renewal and development) on the dynamics of the countries’ economic growth was determined.For both groups, multiple regressions have been constructed that reflect the quantitative relationship between the economic growth rates (in the regressions – the indicator of real gross domestic product per capita) and the components of national intellectual capital in 2010–2018. It has been established that the key innovative indicator of the economic growth of middle-income countries is the national capital of renewal and development, which in general corresponds to the pan-European model of innovation and investment development. Education is the main factor that provides the basis for the economic growth of lower-middle-income countries. Recommendations on improvement of national innovation policy are offered.

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48

Caner, Mehmet, Turanay Caner, and Thomas J. Grennes. "Determinants of Investment by the Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund: GDP vs. Institutions." Global Economy Journal 11, no. 1 (March 2011): 1850218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1702.

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During the current episode of globalization, capital has flown primarily to high income countries. Attempts to explain this “Lucas Paradox” have focused on the quality of institutions. We analyze data from a major institutional investor, the Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund, to estimate the separate effects of income per capita and institutional quality on international capital flows. After controlling for institutional quality, GDP per capita remains the primary determinant of investment.

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49

El-Osta, Hisham. "The Impact of Human Capital on Farm Operator Household Income." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 40, no. 1 (April 2011): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500004548.

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Data from the 2006 Agricultural Resource Management Survey and multivariate regression procedures are used to examine the role of human capital in impacting the incomes of farm households. The paper uses an “adjusted” concept of income where government payments are subtracted from total household income thus allowing for the utilization of government payments as a potential control variable in the regression models. Findings indicate a significant and positive role for higher education except for farm households at the very lower and upper ends of the income distribution.

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50

Bartak, Jakub, and Łukasz Jabłoński. "Human Capital Versus Income Variations: Are They Linked in OECD Countries?" Journal of Management and Business Administration. Central Europe 24, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7206/jmba.ce.2450-7814.169.

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