Journal articles: 'Capillary melting'

1

Lysek, Mark, Marissa LaMadrid, Peter Day, and David Goodstein. "The melting of unsaturated capillary condensate." Langmuir 9, no. 4 (April 1993): 1040–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00028a027.

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MAEDA, NOBUO, and VASSILI V. YAMINSKY. "EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS OF SURFACE FREEZING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 23 (September 20, 2001): 3055–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201007051.

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Capillary phase transitions and those induced by interfaces, like pre-melting, have been studied for decades. The related phenomenon of surface freezing has not been explored so extensively. We review experiments on surface freezing, those of long-chain n-alkanes in particular, and place the results within the wider thermodynamic framework of surface phase transitions. Surface freezing plays an important role in nucleation and crystallization of bulk long-chain n-alkanes. Implications for capillary melting and freezing of substances at nanoscales are discussed. Theoretical aspects of condensed capillary phase transitions will be reviewed separately.

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Genbach, Alexander, Nellya Jamankulova, and Vukman Bakic. "Capillary-porous heat exchangers for cooling of melting units." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 5 (2018): 1359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci18s5359g.

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The model of development of a vapor phase in porous structures of heat exchangers for cooling of melting units on the basis of cinema observations which ex-plains the mechanism of nucleation, development, and death of steam bubbles is created. In case of crisis of heat exchange, there are the limiting conditions of a surface of a porous coating and metal substrate. The process of destroying can come from melting, or from heat stresses of compression and stretching. The reliability of a cooling system of melting units is defined by the combined action of capillary and mass forces.

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Fretwell, H. M., J. A. Duffy, M. A. Alam, and R. Evans. "Anomalous freezing and melting behaviour of capillary confined CO2." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 210, no. 2 (November 1996): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02056398.

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Parmigiani, A., C. Huber, O. Bachmann, and B. Chopard. "Pore-scale mass and reactant transport in multiphase porous media flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 686 (September 30, 2011): 40–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.268.

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AbstractReactive processes associated with multiphase flows play a significant role in mass transport in unsaturated porous media. For example, the effect of reactions on the solid matrix can affect the formation and stability of fingering instabilities associated with the invasion of a buoyant non-wetting fluid. In this study, we focus on the formation and stability of capillary channels of a buoyant non-wetting fluid (developed because of capillary instabilities) and their impact on the transport and distribution of a reactant in the porous medium. We use a combination of pore-scale numerical calculations based on a multiphase reactive lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) and scaling laws to quantify (i) the effect of dissolution on the preservation of capillary instabilities, (ii) the penetration depth of reaction beyond the dissolution/melting front, and (iii) the temporal and spatial distribution of dissolution/melting under different conditions (concentration of reactant in the non-wetting fluid, injection rate). Our results show that, even for tortuous non-wetting fluid channels, simple scaling laws assuming an axisymmetrical annular flow can explain (i) the exponential decay of reactant along capillary channels, (ii) the dependence of the penetration depth of reactant on a local Péclet number (using the non-wetting fluid velocity in the channel) and more qualitatively (iii) the importance of the melting/reaction efficiency on the stability of non-wetting fluid channels. Our numerical method allows us to study the feedbacks between the immiscible multiphase fluid flow and a dynamically evolving porous matrix (dissolution or melting) which is an essential component of reactive transport in porous media.

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Esarte, Jesús, Jesús M. Blanco, Angela Bernardini, and Ramón Sancibrián. "Performance Assessment of a Three-Dimensional Printed Porous Media Produced by Selective Laser Melting Technology for the Optimization of Loop Heat Pipe Wicks." Applied Sciences 9, no. 14 (July 19, 2019): 2905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9142905.

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The primary wick in a loop heat pipe device is a key component that is central to the operation of the device. Both high permeability and capillary pumping capacity, two properties highly dependent on wick structure, are strongly desirable for a satisfactory thermal performance. In this paper, selective laser melting (SLM), a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, is used to create a primary wick for an 80 W heat transfer application. The permeability and capillarity values of this wick, experimentally measured, are compared with those built with the most widely used technologies nowadays, such as powder sintering and meshes. In this study, the SLM scaffold is shown to satisfy the minimum values required by the application in terms of capillarity and permeability: 0.031 mm/s and 4 × 10−12 m2, respectively. Our comparative study revealed that the wick produced with the SLM technology presented higher values of permeability, by two orders of magnitude, and slightly higher capillary figures than those corresponding to powder sintering for such application. However, it had capillary values well below those of a stainless-steel mesh. The hydraulic behavior of the SLM wick was better than that of the sintered copper powder, because it not only met the above-mentioned specifications, but it also improved its performance.

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Oraltay, R. G., and J. Hallett. "The Melting Layer: A Laboratory Investigation of Ice Particle Melt and Evaporation near 0°C." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 44, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 206–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2194.1.

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Abstract Melting, freezing, and evaporation of individual and aggregates of snow crystals are simulated in the laboratory under controlled temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity. Crystals of selected habit are grown on a vertical filament and subsequently melted or evaporated in reverse flow, with the velocity adjusted for appropriate fall speed to reproduce conditions of the melting layer. Nonequilibrium conditions are simulated for larger melting ice particles surrounded by smaller drops at a temperature up to +5°C or growth of an ice crystal surrounded by freezing ice particles down to −5°C. Initial melting of well-defined faceted crystals, as individuals or in combination, occurs as a water layer >10 μm thick. For larger (>100 μm) crystals the water becomes sequestered by capillary forces as individual drops separated by water-free ice regions, often having quasiperiodic locations along needles, columns, or arms from evaporating dendrites. Drops are also located at intersections of aggregate crystals and dendrite branches, being responsible for the maximum of the radar scatter. The drops have a finite water–ice contact angle of 37°–80°, depending on ambient conditions. Capillary forces move water from high-curvature to low-curvature regions as melting continues. Toward the end of the melting process, the ice separating the drops becomes sufficiently thin to fracture under aerodynamic forces, and mixed-phase particles are shed. Otherwise ice-free drops are shed. The melting region and the mechanism for lowering the melting layer with an increasing precipitation rate are associated with smaller ice particle production capable of being lofted in weaker updrafts.

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8

Sun, Qiang, Mei Du, Xingxun Li, Xuqiang Guo, and Lanying Yang. "Morphology Investigation on Cyclopentane Hydrate Formation/Dissociation in a Sub-Millimeter-Sized Capillary." Crystals 9, no. 6 (June 14, 2019): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9060307.

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The formation, dissociation, and reformation of cyclopentane (CP) hydrate in a sub-millimeter-sized capillary were conducted in this work, and the morphology of CP hydrate was obtained during above processes, respectively. The influences of the supercooling degree, i.e., the hydrate formation driving force, on CP hydrate crystals’ aspect and growth rate were also investigated. The results demonstrate that CP forms hydrate with the water melting from ice at the interface between the CP and melting water at a temperature slightly above 273.15 K. With the action of hydrate memory effect, the CP hydrate in the capillary starts forming at the CP-water interface or CP–water–capillary three-phase junction and grows around the CP–water interface. The appearance and growth rate of CP hydrate are greatly influenced by the supercooling degree. It indicates that CP hydrate has a high aggregation degree and good regularity at a high supercooling degree (or a low formation temperature). The growth rate of CP hydrate crystals greatly increases with the supercooling degree. Consequently, the temperature has a significant influence on the formation of CP hydrate in the capillary. That means the features of CP hydrate crystals in a quiescent system could be determined and controlled by the temperature setting.

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9

Demin, V. A., A. I. Mizev, M. I. Petukhov, and A. V. Shmyrov. "Separation of Low-Melting Metal Melts in a Thin Inclined Capillary." Fluid Dynamics 54, no. 1 (January 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s001546281901004x.

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10

Chernov, A. A., and L. V. Mikheev. "Wetting and surface melting: Capillary fluctuations vs. layerwise short-range order." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 157, no. 2 (June 1989): 1042–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(89)90080-0.

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11

Janavicius, Ramunas, Dovile Matiukaite, Arturas Jakubauskas, and Laimonas Griskevicius. "Microsatellite Instability Detection by High-Resolution Melting Analysis." Clinical Chemistry 56, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 1750–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2010.150680.

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BACKGROUND Microsatellite instability (MSI) is an important marker for screening for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) as well as a prognostic and predictive marker for sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). The mononucleotide microsatellite marker panel is a well-established and superior alternative to the traditional Bethesda MSI analysis panel, and does not require testing for corresponding normal DNA. The most common MSI detection techniques—fluorescent capillary electrophoresis and denaturing HPLC (DHPLC)—both have advantages and drawbacks. A new high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis method enables rapid identification of heteroduplexes in amplicons by their lower thermal stability, a technique that overcomes the main shortcomings of capillary electrophoresis and DHPLC. METHODS We investigated the straightforward application of HRM for the detection of MSI in 70 archival CRC samples. HRM analysis for 2 MSI markers (BAT25 and BAT26) was evaluated, and 2 different HRM-enabled instruments were compared—the LightCycler® 480 (Roche Diagnostics) and the LightScannerTM (Idaho Technology). We also determined the analytical sensitivity and specificity of the HRM assay on both instruments using 11 known MSI-positive and 54 microsatellite-stable CRC samples. RESULTS All MSI-positive samples were detected on both instruments (100% analytical sensitivity). The LightScanner performed better for analytical specificity, giving a combined specificity value of 99.1% compared with 92.3% on the LightCycler 480. CONCLUSIONS We expanded the application of the HRM analysis method as an effective MSI detection technique for clinical samples.

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12

Kearns, D. A., and O. A. Plumb. "Direct Contact Melting of a Packed Bed." Journal of Heat Transfer 117, no. 2 (May 1, 1995): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2822543.

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Direct contact melting of a packed bed is studied experimentally. The effect of several parameters, including material properties, particle size, bed loading (applied external force), and thermal boundary conditions, is examined. Two types of melting are observed. If the load on the bed is small and the top of the bed is maintained at a temperature below the melting temperature, then crusting can occur. During this type of melting liquid flows away from the heated surface due to capillary action, and resolidifies forming a crust. The crust prevents downward movement of the packed bed, and melting of the solids below the crust results from convection and conduction. Eventually the crust is melted and the process repeats itself, resulting in a highly unsteady melting rate. If the bed load and the temperature at the top of the bed are sufficiently high, then direct contact melting persists. In this case the melting rate is steady and the parametric behavior can be predicted using a modification of an available theory for direct contact melting of monolithic solids. Although this theory accurately predicts the parametric behavior, the prediction of the actual melting rate is more than an order of magnitude higher than the experimental results.

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13

Dziubek, Kamil F., and Andrzej Katrusiak. "Structure–melting relations in isomeric dibromobenzenes." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 70, no. 3 (May 31, 2014): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520614011445.

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1,4-Dibromobenzene melts at a considerably higher temperature than the 1,2- and 1,3-isomers. This melting-point difference is consistent with the molecular symmetry, as described by Carnelley's rule, and with the frequency of Br...Br halogen bonds. The lowest melting point of 1,3-dibromobenzene correlates with its two symmetry-independent molecules, indicating their inability to pack closely. Single crystals of 1,2- and 1,3-dibromobenzene have been grown under isochoric conditions in a diamond–anvil cell and at isobaric conditions in a glass capillary. Their structures have been determinedin situby X-ray diffraction. At 295 K 1,2-dibromobenzene crystallizes at 0.2 GPa as orthorhombic, space groupPbca,Z′ = 1, and 1,3-dibromobenzene at 0.3 GPa as orthorhombic, space groupP212121,Z′ = 2. The same crystal phases are formed at ambient pressure by freezing these liquids below 256.15 and 248.45 K, respectively. The third isomer, 1,4-dibromobenzene, is a solid at room temperature and crystallizes as monoclinic, space groupP21/a. Striking relations between the structures and melting points of the corresponding dibromobenzene and dichlorobenzene isomers have been discussed.

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14

Salnikov, M. V., A. V. Fedoseev, and G. I. Sukhinin. "Thermo conductivity in melting and freezing processes of the capillary-porous bodies." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1105 (November 2018): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1105/1/012063.

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15

GUNNINK, B. W. "CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CONDUCTOMETRIC PHASE TRANSITION POROSIMETRY: 1. CAPILLARY FREEZING AND MELTING." Particulate Science and Technology 7, no. 3 (January 1989): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726358908906541.

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16

Blank, Michael, Prapanch Nair, and Thorsten Pöschel. "Capillary viscous flow and melting dynamics: Coupled simulations for additive manufacturing applications." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 131 (March 2019): 1232–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.11.154.

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17

Fortelný, Ivan, Jana Kovářová, and Josef Kovář. "Flow-Induced Crystallization of High-Density Polyethylene." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 10 (1995): 1733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19951733.

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Crystallization induced by flow in the capillary viscometer was studied for four grades of linear polyethylene. From rheological and DSC measurements it follows that crystallization was induced in all samples under study at temperatures higher than melting temperatures of the same samples crystallized at rest. The maximum temperature of flow-induced crystallization increases with increasing molar mass of polyethylene. Flow-induced crystallization of injection moulding grades of polyethylene only takes place in a limited interval of shear rates. This effect is explained as a consequence of the shear rate distribution in the capillary.

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18

Chen, Tiebing, and Yuwen Zhang. "Three-Dimensional Modeling of Selective Laser Sintering of Two-Component Metal Powder Layers." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 128, no. 1 (July 16, 2005): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2122947.

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Laser sintering of a metal powder mixture that contains two kinds of metal powders with significantly different melting points under a moving Gaussian laser beam is investigated numerically. The continuous-wave laser-induced melting accompanied by shrinkage and resolidification of the metal powder layer are modeled using a temperature-transforming model. The liquid flow of the melted low-melting-point metal driven by capillary and gravity forces is also included in the physical model. The numerical results are validated by experimental results, and a detailed parametric study is performed. The effects of the moving heat source intensity, the scanning velocity, and the thickness of the powder layer on the sintering depth, the configuration of the heat affected zone, and the temperature distribution are discussed.

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19

Pak, J., and O. A. Plumb. "Melting in a Two-Component Packed Bed." Journal of Heat Transfer 119, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2824139.

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The melting of a multi-component mixture that consists of melting and nonmelting components is examined. A numerical solution is obtained by solving the energy equation and continuity equations for both solid and liquid phases for a one-dimensional system. Both constant volume and constant porosity melting models are explored. Experiments were conducted to confirm the numerical results. During the experiments, heat was applied at the bottom of a rectangular packed bed containing salol (benzoic acid 2-hydroxyphenylester) and glass beads. The experiments were conducted with various sizes of glass beads ranging from 120 μm to 450 μm in diameter with salol having an average diameter of 90 μm. During the melting process, the volume fraction of the phase-change material (salol), temperature, and applied heat flux were measured. The volume fraction of the salol was measured utilizing gamma attenuation. Upon melting, the salol moves as two fronts, one downward due to gravity and one upward due to capillary action. The constant porosity model yields results which compare well with the experimental data.

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20

Ding, Zhao Yong, Bao Min Sun, Yong Hong Guo, Bin Jia, and Xiao Lian Ding. "Synthesis Mechanism of Flame Synthesized Deformity Carbon Nanotubes." Materials Science Forum 688 (June 2011): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.688.122.

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Pyramid shaped pyrolysis flame is a new method to synthesis carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Oxy-acetylene flame was used as the source of heat, CO as the source of carbon, and iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) as the source of catalyst. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) were used to illustrate the experimental results. Our results show straight, uniform and high degree graphitization CNTs were produced whereas lots of deformity tubes were present, as bamboo-shaped tubes, filled tubes, diameter changed tubes, irregular tubes, etc. In order to understand the synthesis mechanism of deformity tube, many models were presented for the different shape tubes. Synthesizing bamboo-shaped tubes maybe decide by capillary siphon and the low melting state of catalyst particles. Besides capillary siphon and the low melting state of catalyst particles, filled tubes mainly connect with the continuous supply of catalyst atom clusters. The diameter changed tubes maybe influenced by the diameter changing of catalyst particles and the action of other materials. Irregular tubes maybe affect by temperature and other factors.

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21

McCrone, Walter C. "Microdroplets of Liquid Part I: Glass Fiber Brush." Microscopy Today 2, no. 5 (August 1994): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500066268.

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It is very important to be able to deliver tiny droplets of liquid onto any surface. There are two general methods for this. One, a glass fiber brush seaied into a capillary; and, the other, a polyethylene micrapipette. Both are capable of delivering droplets as small as 100 μm in diameter. Description of the glass fiber brush follows. Part II, later in this publication, will describe the polyethylene micropipette.We have borrowed this clever idea from Fred Schneider of IBM (private communication). A bundle of 20 to 30 glass fibers, 5 to 8 mm long and about 20 μm in diameter, is sealed with a microflame into one end of a glass capillary. A melting point capillary 1 to 2 mm in diameter and open at both ends is convenient (Fig. 1), To use for small drop deposition, the capillary is partly filled (2 to 3 cm. long column of the desired liquid} so that the sealed-in end of the glass fiber bundle is fully immersed.

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22

Leroux, Nicolas R., and John W. Pomeroy. "Modelling capillary hysteresis effects on preferential flow through melting and cold layered snowpacks." Advances in Water Resources 107 (September 2017): 250–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.06.024.

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23

Zhang, W., R. C. Hoseney, and J. M. Faubion. "Capillary Rheometry of Corn Endosperm: Glass Transition, Flow Properties, and Melting of Starch." Cereal Chemistry Journal 75, no. 6 (November 1998): 863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/cchem.1998.75.6.863.

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24

Barber, P., T. Asakawa, and H. K. Christenson. "What Determines the Size of Liquid Capillary Condensates Below the Bulk Melting Point?" Journal of Physical Chemistry C 111, no. 5 (February 2007): 2141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp066556b.

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25

Lysek, Mark J., Marissa LaMadrid, Peter Day, and David Goodstein. "Adsorption hysteresis, capillary condensation and melting in multilayer methane films on graphite foam." Langmuir 8, no. 3 (March 1992): 898–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00039a026.

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26

Grant, Steven A., and Ronald S. Sletten. "Calculating capillary pressures in frozen and ice-free soils below the melting temperature." Environmental Geology 42, no. 2-3 (March 1, 2002): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-001-0482-y.

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27

Allen, J. B. "Mesoscale modeling of metal-based selective laser melting: evolution of the vapor capillary." Engineering Research Express 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 015026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/abe9fc.

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28

Buyantuev, S. L., A. S. Kondratenko, and S. A. Blagochinnov. "To the Question of Studying the Regimes of Electro-Plasma Processing of Technogenic Wastes of Incineration Plants of the PRC for the Production of Melt and Fibrous Materials." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 1001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.1001.

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The article presents the results of melting industrial waste incineration plants in China in electric arc plasma and demonstrated the possibility of melting the wastes in podrihtovali for production of a melt and producing fibrous materials based on it.Studies were carried out by optical and electron microscopy, spectral and x-ray analysis, as well as by capillary electrophoresis to determine the cation-anion composition. For processing of ash the electromagnetic technological reactor in which its melting was made was used. The presented melting unit made it possible to smoothly regulate the temperature and keep it at the outlet of the jet from the Letka, which made it possible to reduce the power consumption for the production of melt and fiber production. The experiments on melting showed a high gas content in the process of melting of the waste. Therefore, initially, to study the possible composition of the gas, the TERRA program modeling the process of ash melting with the release of gas was used, and the reactor parameters were calculated to determine the effective power and specific energy consumption. Thus, the purpose of the tasks was to obtain a homogeneous melt with associated purification of waste gases, followed by an analysis of its material composition, as well as the production of a thin mineral fiber to produce heat-insulating materials of the fibrous structure.

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Chen, Tiebing, and Yuwen Zhang. "Three-Dimensional Modeling of Laser Sintering of a Two-Component Metal Powder Layer on Top of Sintered Layers." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 129, no. 3 (December 18, 2006): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2716714.

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A three-dimensional model of selective laser sintering of a two-component loose metal powder layer on top of previously sintered layers by a single-line laser scanning is presented. A temperature-transforming model is employed to model melting and resolidification accompanied by partial shrinkage during laser sintering. The heat losses at the top surface due to natural convection and radiation are taken into account. The liquid flow of the molten low-melting-point metal powders, which is driven by capillary and gravity forces, is also considered and formulated by using Darcy’s law. The effects of the dominant processing parameters, such as laser-beam intensity, scanning velocity, and number of the existing sintered layers underneath, are investigated.

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Lyublinski, I. E., A. V. Vertkov, and V. V. Semenov. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF LOW MELTING METALS APPLICATION WITH CAPILLARY-PORE SYSTEMS IN TOKAMAK CONDITIONS." Problems of Atomic Science and Technology, Ser. Thermonuclear Fusion 38, no. 1 (2015): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21517/0202-3822-2015-38-1-7-14.

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31

Gelfi, Cecilia, Pier Giorgio Righetti, Maurizio Travi, and Silvia Fattore. "Temperature-programmed capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of high-melting point mutants in thalassemias." Electrophoresis 18, no. 5 (1997): 724–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150180511.

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Nowok, Jan W. "Analysis of atomic diffusion in liquid metals at melting temperatures in capillary-like media." Acta Metallurgica et Materialia 42, no. 12 (December 1994): 4025–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(94)90179-1.

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33

Koh, H. J., Y. Furukawa, P. Rudolph, and T. Fukuda. "Oxide mixed crystals grown by heater-immersed zone melting method with multi-capillary holes." Journal of Crystal Growth 149, no. 3-4 (April 1995): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(94)01027-7.

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Zhao, Hua Dong, Ji Bin Liu, and Xiao Hui Song. "Microstructural Investigation of CNT-Metal Bonding Behavior through Computational Simulations." Journal of Nano Research 33 (June 2015): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.33.118.

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Mechanism of CNT-metal bonding is investigated using molecular dynamics in this study. Both bonding and debonding process are considered. It is shown that the bonding can be achieved at a temperature lower than the melting point. The surface melting and capillary wetting dominate the bonding process. In addition, there are two potential failure positions, one is at CNT-Ni interface and the other is at nickel surface which are determined by the strength competition of these two interfaces. To obtain high bonding strength we should form coalescence structure between CNT and the metal at a higher temperature to achieve larger contact length. Also we find that the debonding process experiences elastic deformation followed by debonding at CNT-Ni or Ni–Ni interface.

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Chen, Li Qing, Ji Jie Wang, and Lin Chen. "Preparation of Ti-Al Intermetallics by Aluminum Melt Infiltration-Diffusion Annealing Technique." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.367.

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A novel process, of melt infiltration combined with diffusion annealing technique, was developed to prepare Ti-Al intermetallics at temperature lower than ingot melting point. In this process, a porous Ti preform was firstly fabricated and the Al melt was reheated to temperature slightly higher than Al melting point to infiltrate the porous Ti preform by capillary force spontaneously. After long-time high-temperature diffusion annealing, Ti-Al intermetallic compound can be finally synthesized from the bulk Tip+melt Al via diffusion. As example, Ti-46Al intermetallics has been fabricated, and the microstructures and the phases of the as-synthesized intermetallics were characterized by XRD and SEM. The compressive behavior of the as-synthesized Ti-Al at elevated temperatures has been studied and the reaction mechanism involved in the process finally analyzed.

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36

Zhao, Liang, Xiang Chen Fang, Gang Wang, and Hong Xu. "Preparation and Properties of Paraffin/Activated Carbon Composites as Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1049–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1049.

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Paraffin/activated carbon composites as phase change energy storage materials were prepared by absorbing paraffin into activated carbon. In composite materials, paraffin was used as phase change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage, and activated carbon acted as supporting material, ethanol was the solvent. A series of characterization were conducted to analyse and test the performance of the composite materials, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) results showed that the PCM-2 composite has the melting latent heat of 51.7 kJ/kg with melting temperature of 60.4°C. Due to the capillary and surface tension forces between paraffin and activated carbon, the leakage of melted paraffin from the composites can be prevented. In a word, the paraffin/activated carbon composites have a good thermal stability and can be used repeatedly.

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37

Ahad, Abdul. "A REPORT ABOUT BENZOXAZINONE MATERIAL." Chemistry & Material Sciences Research Journal 2, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/cmsrj.v2i1.91.

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In this study, the objective was to investigate the Benzoxazinone material using the uncorrected and open capillary method for conducting and reporting the melting points. Laboratory grade and analytical grade reagents were used for conducting the synthesis and analytical studies based on with or without modification appropriately as and were required. Results showed that First of all the Synthesis of 2H-1, 4- benzoxazin-3(4H)-one was carried out by reacting 2- amino phenol with chloro acetyl chloride in dichloromethane in presence of triethylamine and then the bromo substitution was done by reacting with dibromoethane. Piperazine substituents were prepared in laboratory and then the title compounds were synthesized. One additional benzoyl substitution was also done. The entire synthesized compounds were primarily characterized by running T.L.C. and melting point analysis.

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Lyublinski, I. E., and A. V. Vertkov. "Comparative assessment of application of low melting metals with capillary pore systems in a tokamak." Fusion Engineering and Design 89, no. 12 (December 2014): 2953–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.09.015.

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Zhang, Yuwen, A. Faghri, C. W. Buckley, and T. L. Bergman. "Three-Dimensional Sintering of Two-Component Metal Powders With Stationary and Moving Laser Beams." Journal of Heat Transfer 122, no. 1 (July 16, 1999): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.521445.

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Melting and resolidification of a mixture of two metal powders with significantly different melting points under irradiation of a stationary or a moving Gaussian laser beam were investigated numerically and experimentally. The liquid motion driven by capillary and gravity forces as well as the shrinkage of the powder bed caused by the overall density change were taken into account in the physical model. The liquid flow was formulated by using Darcy’s law, and the energy equation was given using a temperature transforming model. Prediction were compared with experimental results obtained with nickel braze and AISI 1018 steel powder. The effects of laser properties and the scanning velocity on the laser sintering process were also investigated. An empirical correlation that can be used to predict the cross-sectional area of the heat affected zone is proposed. [S0022-1481(00)70201-5]

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Cui, Huaiyu, Yongpeng Zhao, Muhammad Usman Khan, Dongdi Zhao, and Zhigang Fan. "Study of Thermal Effect in the Interaction of Nanosecond Capillary Discharge Extreme Ultraviolet Laser with Copper." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010214.

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Interaction of Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) laser with matters is an attractive subject since novel phenomena always occur under the effect of high energy photons. In this paper, the thermal effect involved in the interaction of a capillary discharge 46.9 nm laser with copper was studied theoretically and experimentally. The temperature variation of the laser-irradiated region of copper was calculated. According to the results, the copper surface was ablated obviously and presented the trace of melting, evaporation, and resolidification, which suggested the thermal effect occurred on the surface during the laser irradiation.

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Dana, Dragos, Petrică Vizureanu, Ramona Cimpoeşu, and Dragos Achiţei. "Technological Development Perspectives and Experimental Results of MIG Welding Soldering." Advanced Materials Research 814 (September 2013): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.814.54.

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In the welding process of metals, two materials are joined by a filler material with low melting point (below 450 °C), also below the melting point of materials to be joined. The braze-welding filler material has a melting point over 450 °C to 1000 °C. Filler material is distributed between two surfaces of the joint by capillary action close, the blended material is applied on an electrode specially manufactured and intended operation. This paper proposes an analyze of the techniques, feathers, technology requirements, process gaseous, materials (standard data base) and conditions used in braze-welding processes. The secret of solder bonding and weld seems to be the opening that supposes to be small. Two methods are proposed and analyzed for welding process based on braze welding. Scanning electrons microscope and EDAX detector were used to characterize the weld line by micro-structural and chemical point of view. The microstructure analysis concentrated on the weld line area presents reduced dimensional variation and a modification of the materials surface smoothness. Chemical elements distribution exhibits an increase of carbon percentage on the weld line and a decrease of iron in the same time and area.

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Santiago-Bautista, L., H. M. Hernández-García, R. Muñoz-Arroyo, M. Garza-Castañón, F. García-Vázquez, and J. Acevedo-Dávila. "Characterization on Fracture Surfaces of 304 Stainless Steels Joined by Brazing Using Silicon Nanoparticles." MRS Proceedings 1481 (2012): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1640.

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ABSTRACTSilicon nanoparticles of 100 nm obtained by high-energy ball milling were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). Results show dark areas due to a staking of defects. On the other hand, brighter areas exhibit a combination of small crystalline and amorphous zones. To fulfill and cover the micro-cracking and micro-pores generated during the welding process of 304 stainless steels joined by brazing, these nanoparticles were deposited directly in the fracture. The amorphous silicon drove the Transient Liquid Phase (TLP) at 1000°C for 20 min. This amorphous silicon decreases the energies of reaction between the substrate and melting filler. TLP increases the wettability and capillary forces between micro-cracking and micro-pores; due to that, the eutectic phase contained by the melting filler forms a liquid. Moreover, the weld beads were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to analyze the effect of silicon nanoparticles on the weld beads. These results showed that the interaction of the Si nanoparticles with metallic filler in the melting zone decreases the size and change the morphology of the present phases as well as the zone of isothermic growth.

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Guseva, M. A., L. A. Prokopova, and М. A. Khaskov. "Determination of the melting point of solid polymers by rheological method." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 87, no. 7 (July 24, 2021): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-7-38-43.

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The rheological properties of polymer systems determine their deformation behavior and the relationship between stresses, strains and strain rates. We present the results of determining the melting points of solid polymer compounds by the rheological method. Tests were carried out using a rotary rheometer in an oscillating mode. Using the obtained thermomechanical dependences, the experimental data were compared with the values determined by standard analytical (capillary method) and thermal (differential scanning calorimetry) methods. The viscous and elastic behavior of the samples were analyzed using the dependence of the oscillating stress or strain on the angular velocity or frequency. It is shown that the temperature dependences of the storage and loss moduli, as well as the angle of mechanical losses, determine the physical and relaxation transitions in polymers upon their heating. The obtained results can be used in analysis of the effect of conditions of polymer processing on their properties, as well as in optimization of the technological processes of product manufacture and modeling the behavior of materials under operation conditions at the stage of development.

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Kuypers, Aldy W. H. M., Peter C. M. Linssen, Peter M. W. Willems, and Ewald J. B. M. Mensink. "On-line melting of double-stranded DNA for analysis of single-stranded DNA using capillary electrophoresis." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 675, no. 2 (January 1996): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(95)00370-3.

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Neroev, V. V., S. V. Saakyan, A. Yu Novikova, M. V. Ryabina, P. A. Ilyukhin, A. Yu Tsygankov, V. I. Loginov, and A. M. Burdenny. "Association of mutations and polymorphic variants of the VHL gene with the clinical characteristics of retinal capillary hemangioma." Russian Ophthalmological Journal 12, no. 3 (August 31, 2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2019-12-3-21-29.

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Purpose. To study the association of mutations and polymorphic variants of the VHL gene with the clinical characteristics of retinal capillary hemangioma.Material and methods. 29 DNA samples isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with retinal capillary hemangiomas were tested. The analysis of mutations and polymorphic markers of the VHL gene was carried out by high resolution melting curve analysis.Results. A significant correlation was found between the frequency of tyrosine mutation in the 156th position of the VHL gene and the localization of the capillary hemangioma in the middle periphery of the fundus, the presence of local exudative retinal detachment and fibroglial proliferation in the tumor region (p = 0.02; RR = 1.86). An association was established between arginine mutation frequency in the 200th position of the gene with the presence of cerebellar hemangioblastoma and spinal cord. A statistically significant association of the GA genotype of the polymorphic marker rs779805 of the VHL gene with the localization of capillary hemangioma in the middle periphery of the fundus was established (p = 0.03; RR = 4.8). It has been shown that the carriage of the T allele of the polymorphic marker rs779808 may be associated with the characteristic localization of the tumor at the extreme periphery of the retina in the upper temporal quadrant. A tendency to increasing frequency of occurrence of the AC genotype of the polymorphic marker rs1678607 in patients with hemorrhagic complications of capillary hemangioma, as well as to increasing frequency of the TT genotype of the polymorphic marker rs1642742 in patients with cerebellar hemangioblastomas was determined.Conclusion. Further research involving more clinical material is needed, as our results may be important for early diagnosis of Hippel — Lindau disease, prediction of the onset and clinical course of retinal capillary hemangiomas, as well as of the probability of systemic manifestations of the disease.

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Binchiciu, Emilia Florina, Ionelia Voiculescu, Victor Geantă, Nicușor Alin Sîrbu, and Ion Aurel Perianu. "Activating Precursors for Brazing Processes that Deposit Two Layers through Melting." Advanced Materials Research 1153 (May 2019): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1153.52.

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We present the manufacturing process, by melting in a controlled environment, of specific alloys that have a benefic effect on the diffusion phenomena’s in the base material of the addition coated rods for brazing. The friable precursors obtained by melting are grinded with the purpose of integrating them in the coat of the rods, namely the addition material. The metallurgic activation activity of the precursors is enhanced by using them as nano-powders in the coat of the rods.Of major importance for deep joint capillary brazing are the fluidity and superficial tension of the melt - addition material, or, in case of non-ferrous alloys, the degree of de-oxidation of base materials. In order to improve the above mentioned characteristics, we made precursors type: 5o% Cu-45% Sn-5% P (CIF); 92% Cu-2% Si 6% P- (RAV). The batch design was done by two distinct melting processes, in high frequency currents (CIF) and electric arc (RAV) in a controlled environment. The melts were cast in graphite forms as loose briquettes. The briquettes thus obtained were analyzed structurally and sclerometrically, and after testing, they were grinded in planetary mills until we obtained nano-powders. The resulting powders will be used, as required, to prepare brazing sheaths.

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Farrar, Jared S., Robert A. Palais, and Carl T. Wittwer. "Snapback Primer Genotyping of the Gilbert Syndrome UGT1A1 (TA)n Promoter Polymorphism by High-Resolution Melting." Clinical Chemistry 57, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 1303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.166306.

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BACKGROUND Gilbert syndrome, a chronic nonhemolytic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, is associated with thymine–adenine (TA) insertions in the UGT1A1 (UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A1) promoter. The UGT1A1 promoter genotype also correlates with toxicity induced by the chemotherapeutic drug irinotecan. Current closed-tube assays for genotyping the UGT1A1 (TA)n promoter polymorphism require multiple labeled probes and/or have difficulty classifying the (TA)5 and (TA)8 alleles. METHODS An unlabeled 5′ extension on one primer that creates a hairpin after asymmetric PCR was used to develop a snapback primer high-resolution melting assay for the (TA)n polymorphism. A new method that plots the local deviation from exponential decay to improve genotype clustering was used to remove background fluorescence and to analyze the data. The snapback assay was compared with small-amplicon melting and fragment length analyses in a blinded study of DNA samples from 100 African Americans. RESULTS Genotyping results obtained by small-amplicon melting and snapback primer melting were 83% and 99% concordant, respectively, with results obtained by fragment analysis. Reanalysis of the single discordant sample in the results of the snapback genotyping assay and the fragment analysis revealed an error in the fragment analysis. High-resolution melting was required for accurate snapback genotyping of the UGT1A1 (TA)n polymorphism. The 100% accuracy obtained with a capillary-based instrument fell to ≤81% with plate-based instruments. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to small-amplicon genotyping, snapback primer genotyping can distinguish all UGT1A1 promoter genotypes. Rapid-cycle PCR combined with snapback primer analysis with only 2 unlabeled PCR primers (one with a 5′ extension) and a saturating DNA dye can genotype loci with several alleles in <30 min.

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Du, Chang Hua, Ming Tang, Gui Sheng Gan, Tao Wang, Wen Chao Huang, Ming Ming Cao, and Chun Tian Li. "Effects of Nano-Particles on Properties of Electronic Solders." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.31.

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It is analyzed that the mechanisms of nano-particles impact on melting temperature, wet ability, and mechanical properties of electronic solders, based on the characteristics of nano-particles, the crystal lattice structure and the interaction between particles and the matrix. The results indicates that if the interface between nano-particles and the matrix is low-energy state, it increases melting temperature of composite solders on ignoring the dissolution of nano-particles, conversely, the high-energy state reduces it. When nano-particles form appropriate frame structure in the liquid solder, the emergence of capillary adsorption can enhance the wettability, the strengthening mechanisms of nano-particles on solder include the Phase II enhancement, grain boundary strengthening and solid-solution strengthening. During the brazing process, nano-particles hinder the diffusion of atoms and reduce the dissolution rate of base materials in liquid solders, to inhibit the growth of the intermetallic compounds (IMC) of interface, thereby enhancing the strength and reliability of joints.

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Wang, Hong, Jing Guo, and Xi Yang He. "Rheology and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene/Poly(phenylene Sulfide) Microfibrillar Composites." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 1506–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.1506.

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The polypropylene (PP)/ poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) in-situ microfibrillar composites were prepared by the melt blending technology using a single screw extruder. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) is used as the compatibilizer. The rheology was characterized on capillary rheometer, and thermal behaviors of the PP/PPS were investigated by DSC. The experiment results reveal that the melting PP/PPS composites conform to the law of Non-Newton and show typical shear-thinning behavior. The viscosity of PP/PPS composites is nearly independent of the PPS concentration at 270°С and 280°С , respectively. However, the contents of PPS have an influence on shear viscosity of the PP/PPS at 290С and 300°С . The DSC results exhibit that the crystallization temperatures (TC) of PP in the composites are higher than that of the pure PP, and the TCof PP increases slightly with increasing PP content in the composites. Moreover, the melting temperature of PPS in the composites decreases slightly with increasing PP content.

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Cobos, Christian Mauricio, Octavio Fenollar, Juan López Martinez, Santiago Ferrandiz, and Luis Garzón. "Effect of Maleinized Linseed Oil (MLO) on thermal and rheolological properties of PLA/MWCNT and PLA/HNT nanocomposites for additive manufacturing." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 6 (March 30, 2020): 1027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-08-2019-0217.

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Purpose This paper aims to describe the influence of maleinized linseed oil (MLO), when used as a lubricant, on the thermal and rheological properties of PLA/MWCNTs (polylactic acid/multi-walled carbon nanotubes) and PLA/HNT (halloysite nanotubes) nanocomposites, as a reference for application in 3D printing processes. Design/methodology/approach Nanocomposites were obtained by melting in a twin-screw extruder, mixing PLA with MWCNTs and HNTs in different percentages of 0.5, 0.75 and 1 Wt.% for subsequent mixing by the same process with 5 phr MLO, for application in additive manufacturing, as analyzed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), capillary rheometry, melt flow rate (MFL) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Findings The results obtained for thermal characterization by using DSC indicate the non-variation of glass transition temperature Tg = 62 ± 2°C and a melting temperature (Tm) around 170°C. Crystallization temperature dropped by approximately 12°C, which should be kept in mind during the transformation processes. The values obtained by capillary rheometry indicate that the material’s viscosity is reduced by the influence of the MLO plasticizer’s lubricant effect on the PLA’s molecular structure. The melt flow index values confirm a rise of approximately 46% in the flow index and back up the capillary rheometry results. The values obtained were as follows: PLA/0.5 Wt.% MWCNT/MLO 5 phr 54.07, PLA/0.75 Wt.% MWCNT/MLO 5 phr 53.46, PLA/1 Wt.% MWCNT/MLO 5 phr 51.84y PLA/0.5 Wt.% HNT/MLO 5 phr 61.8, PLA/0.75 Wt.% HNT/MLO 5 phr 68.3 and PLA/1 Wt.% HNT/MLO 5 phr 71.2 g/10 min. Apart from the nanocharge distribution, the information obtained from the FESEM shows the existence of a cluster, which could have been avoided by more energetic stirring during the nanocompound manufacturing process. Social implications This paper presents an analysis of the insertion of plasticizer in nanocomposites for the application in additive manufacturing processes in fusion deposition modelling (FDM) system. Originality/value This is a novel original research work.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Capillary melting'

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