Academic literature on the topic 'Capillary bonds'
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Journal articles on the topic "Capillary bonds"
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Hou, Mingpeng, Qiuying Li, and Yanchao Che. "Hydrophilic Modification of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Capillary Membranes with Chemical Resistance by Constructing Three-Dimensional Hydrophilic Networks." Polymers 16, no. 8 (April 19, 2024): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16081154.
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Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) capillary membranes, known for the great chemical resistance and thermal stability, are commonly used in membrane separation technologies. However, the strong hydrophobic property of PTFE limits its application in water filtration. This study introduces a method whereby acrylamide (AM), N, N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA), and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) undergo free radical copolymerization, followed by the hydrolysis-condensation of silane bonds, resulting in the formation of hydrophilic three-dimensional networks physically intertwined with the PTFE capillary membranes. The modified PTFE capillary membranes prepared through this method exhibit excellent hydrophilic properties, whose water contact angles are decreased by 24.3–61.2%, and increasing pure water flux from 0 to 1732.7–2666.0 L/m2·h. The enhancement in hydrophilicity of the modified PTFE capillary membranes is attributed to the introduction of hydrophilic groups such as amide bonds and siloxane bonds, along with an increase in surface roughness. Moreover, the modified PTFE capillary membranes exhibit chemical resistance, maintaining the hydrophilicity even after immersion in strong acidic (3 wt% HCl), alkaline (3 wt% NaOH), and oxidative (3 wt% NaClO) solutions for 2 weeks. In conclusion, this promising method yields modified PTFE capillary membranes with great hydrophilicity and chemical resistance, presenting substantial potential for applications in the field of water filtration.
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Bowden, Ned, Scott R. J. Oliver, and George M. Whitesides. "Mesoscale Self-Assembly: Capillary Bonds and Negative Menisci." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 104, no. 12 (March 2000): 2714–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp993118e.
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Wu, Hongkai, Ned Bowden, and George M. Whitesides. "Selectivities among capillary bonds in mesoscale self-assembly." Applied Physics Letters 75, no. 20 (November 15, 1999): 3222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125284.
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Zulkifli, Muhammad Nubli, Fuaida Harun, and Azman Jalar. "Effect of surface roughness and hardness of leadframe on the bondability of gold wedge bonds." Microelectronics International 36, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-08-2018-0053.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyze the effect of surface roughness and hardness of leadframe on the bondability of gold (Au) wedge bond using in situ inspection of laser interferometer and its relationship with the deformation and wire pull strength. Design/methodology/approach The in situ inspection of ultrasonic vibration waveform through the changes of vertical axis (y-axis) amplitude of wire bonder capillary was carried out using laser interferometer to analyze the formation of Au wedge bond. The relationship between the changes of ultrasonic waveform of capillary with the deformation and the pull strength was analyzed to evaluate the bondability of Au wedge bonds. Findings It was observed that the changes in vertical axis amplitude of ultrasonic vibration waveform of wire bonder capillary can be used to describe the process of bonding formation. The loss of ultrasonic energy was exhibited in ultrasonic vibration waveform of wire bonding on leadframe that has higher value of roughness (leadframe A) as compared to that of leadframe that has lower value of roughness (leadframe B). The lower pull strength obtained by Au wedge bond further confirms the reduction of bond formation because of the higher deformation on leadframe A as compared to that of leadframe B. Originality/value The relationship between in situ measurement using laser interferometer with the bondability or deformation and wire pull strength of Au wedge bonds on different surface roughness and hardness of leadframes is still lacking. These findings provide a valuable data in analyzing the bonding mechanisms that can be identified based on the in situ measurement of ultrasonic vibration and the bondability of Au wedge bonds.
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Rezvani, A., M. Mayer, I. Qin, J. Brunner, and Bob Chylak. "Stitch Bond Process of Pd-Coated Cu Wire: Experimental and Numerical Studies of Process Parameters and Materials." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2013, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 000312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2013-tp42.
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Cost reduction is the main driver in the recent transition to Cu wire bonding from predominate Au wire bonding. Other cost reduction in packaging comes from new developments in substrates and lead frames, for example, Pre-Plated Frames (PPF) and uPPF for QFP and QFN reduce the plating and material cost. However, 2nd bonds (stitch bonds) can be more challenging on some of the new leadframe types due to the rough surface finish and thin plating thickness. Pd-coated Cu (PCC) wire has been recently introduced to improve the wire bonding process with bare Cu wire, mainly to improve reliability and enhance the stitch bond process. More fundamental studies are required to understand the influences of bonding parameters and bonding tools to improve stitch bondability. The stitch bond process of 0.7 mil diameter PCC wire on Au/Ni/Pd-plated quad flat-no lead (QFN) PPF substrate is investigated in this study. Two capillaries with the same geometry but different surface finishes are used to investigate the effect of capillary surface finish on the stitch bond process. The two capillary types are a polished finish type which is commonly used for Au wire bonding, and a granular finish capillary that has a much rougher surface finish. Process window between no stick on lead (NSOL) and short tail is compared. The effect of process parameters including bond force and table scrub amplitude is studied. The process window test results revealed that the granular capillary has larger process window and a lower chance of short tail occurrence. It has been shown that a higher scrub amplitude increases the chance of successful stitch bond formation. To further compare the capillary surface finishes, 3 sets of parameter settings with different bond force and scrub amplitude are tested. For all three parameter sets tested, the granular capillary showed better quality in bond strength. The granular capillary resulted in higher stitch pull strength compared to the polished type. A finite element model (FEM) of the process was developed to better understand the experimental observations. The amount of surface expansion (plastic deformation) of the wire at the wire and substrate interface was extracted from the model and attributed to the degree of adhesion (bonding). The model was used to confirm the experimental observation of adhesion (bonding) with different surface finish.
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Ivanek, Ondřej, Pavel Schmidt, and Bohdan Schneider. "Infrared spectroscopic study of the hydration of porous glass." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 4 (1989): 878–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19890878.
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Infrared spectra of mesoporous and macroporous siliceous glasses were measured in the native state and after silylation, at various contents of H2O and D2O. By analysis of these spectra it was found that water is bound to the glass surface by strong hydrogen bonds between the water molecules and isolated Si-OH groups; capillary condensation was observed only in native mesoporous glasses.
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Radjai, Farhang, and Vincent Richefeu. "Bond anisotropy and cohesion of wet granular materials." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367, no. 1909 (December 28, 2009): 5123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0185.
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We analyse the Coulomb cohesion of wet granular materials and its relationship with the distribution of capillary bonds between particles. We show that, within a harmonic representation of the bond and force states, the shear strength can be expressed as a state equation in terms of internal anisotropy parameters. This formulation involves a dependence of the shear strength on loading direction and leads to the fragile behaviour of granular materials. The contact dynamics simulations of a wet material, in which a capillary force law is prescribed, are in excellent agreement with the predictions of this model. We find that the fragile character decreases as the local adhesion is increased or the mean stress is decreased.
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Orlowski, M., and M. Lesser. "Lung lymph capillary injury-related protease." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 257, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): L202—L208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1989.257.4.l202.
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Capillary damage induced in sheep by intravenous infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin, oleic acid, or air emboli causes the appearance in lung lymph of a serine protease with trypsin-like activity. The time course of the appearance of the enzyme and the extent of its activity increase indicate a close association with capillary injury. The enzyme was isolated from active lymph after a 9,000-fold purification by affinity chromatography on Reactive Blue-agarose, aprotinin-agarose, and p-amino-benzamidine-agarose columns. The protein, molecular mass of 70-75 kDa, is composed of two polypeptide chains of 31 and 43 kDa linked by disulfide bonds. Studies with synthetic peptide and thioester substrates showed preferential cleavage of substrates having two or more basic amino acids and the importance for activity of secondary enzyme-substrate interactions at sites removed from the scissile bond. The specificity of the enzyme and its pattern of sensitivity to inhibition by a series of isocoumarin derivatives distinguish it from enzymes of the clotting and complement systems and also from tissue plasminogen activator and lung and skin tryptase. The origin of the enzyme, its role in capillary damage, and its physiological function remain to be established.
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Li, Heng, Yuhang Liu, Ning Sun, Zhaohua Xu, Yibiao Li, and Shaohua Jiang. "Unique viscosity mutation of multi-generation hyperbranched waterborne polyurethane." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 7 (September 1, 2014): 605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0312.
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Abstract Different generation hyperbranched polyurethanes (HBPUs) were synthesized through the A2+B’B2 strategy. The molecular structures and viscosity were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The NMR results confirmed the formation of the branched units between the segments contained in the HBPU structure. The GPC with a four-capillary bridge design differential viscometer and the Ubbelohde viscometer showed a different viscosity. For the HBPUs, the viscosity first increased to higher values then decreased to lower values, and finally increased with increasing weight, which can be attributed to the spherical structure. The growth degree of HBPUs spherical structure depends on the forming hydrogen bonds; when the hydrogen bonds reach a certain degree, the spherical structure becomes compact.
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Lawrence, M. B., and T. A. Springer. "Neutrophils roll on E-selectin." Journal of Immunology 151, no. 11 (December 1, 1993): 6338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.151.11.6338.
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Abstract Using flow conditions that simulate those in post capillary venules, we have found that neutrophils attach and roll on a substrate bearing purified E-selectin. E-selectin resembles P-selectin (CD62) with regard to the dependence of attachment efficiency on wall shear stress and selectin density. In contrast, once attached, neutrophils form rolling adhesions on E-selectin that are much stronger than those on P-selectin. Rolling velocities on E-selectin are slower and have less variance than on P-selectin. With increasing shear stress, rolling velocities reach a plateau level that is dependent on E-selectin density, suggesting that the number of receptor-ligand bonds and the bond dissociation rate limit rolling velocity, and that the bonds are not broken by the applied force.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Capillary bonds"
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Braysh, Lama. "Etude des propriétés rhéologiques de milieux granulaires insaturés en vue d’applications à l'érosion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONS071.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est de modéliser la dynamique et la rhéologie des matériaux granulaires humides.Nous utilisons des simulations de dynamique des particules basées sur la méthode des éléments discrets pour effectuer des simulations détaillées pour différentes configurations et paramètres du matériau. Nous étudions l'impact d'agrégats de particules humides sur un plan rigide en fonction de l'énergie d'impact, de la tension de surface et de la viscosité du liquide et nous avons montré que la dynamique, l'endommagement et la fragmentation sont régis par des nombres sans dimension (nombres de cohésion et de capillarité). Nous utilisons également l'écoulement de particules granulaires humides sur un plan incliné pour démontrer que l'écoulement peut être décrit par une rhéologie tenant compte des contraintes de cohésion et d'inertie. Enfin, nous analysons les phénomènes d'érosion à l'interface entre une couche de particules humides recouverte d'une couche sèche s'écoulant sur un plan incliné. Nous montrons que le taux d'érosion est contrôlé par deux paramètres sans dimension : le nombre de cohésion caractérisant le milieu humide érodé et le nombre d'inertie caractérisant l'écoulement des particules sèches érodées. Ces résultats ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives pour la modélisation de matériaux granulaires plus généralement cohésifsThe objective of this PhD work is to model the dynamics and rheology of wet granular materials.We use particle dynamics simulations based on discrete element method to explore different configurationsand material parameters. We investigate the impact of aggregates of wet particles on a rigid planeas a function of impact energy, surface tension, and liquid viscosity, and we show that the dynamics,damage and fragmentation are governed by two dimensionless number, namely cohesion and capillary numbers.We also use the flow of wet granular particles down an inclined plane to demonstrate that the flow canbe described by a rheology accounting for both cohesive and inertial stresses. Finally, we analyse erosionphenomena at the interface between a layer of wet particles overlayed by a dry layer flowing downan inclined plane. We show that the erosion rate is controlled by two dimensionless parameters:the cohesion number characterizing the eroded wet medium and the inertial number characterising theeroding dry particle flow. These results open new perspectives for modelling more generallycohesive granular materials
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Pham, Ngoc Phuong. "Rubberized cement-based composite as material for large surface applications : effect of the rubber-cementitious matrix bond." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30077.
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La capacité de déformation améliorée et la résistance à la fissuration par retrait rendent les composites cimentaire caoutchoutés adaptés aux applications de grande surface telles que les chaussées et les rechargements minces adhérents à base cimentaire. Cependant, le défaut d'adhérence entre les agrégats de caoutchouc et la matrice cimentaire, bien connu, demeure nuisible aux propriétés mécaniques et de transferts de ces matériaux. De plus, en raison de la faible rigidité des granulats caoutchouc, il est universellement accepté une réduction de certaines propriétés mécaniques des composites caoutchoutés à base de ciment. Néanmoins, leurs propriétés de transfert pourraient être compétitives avec le mortier à base de granulats naturels si la liaison à l'interface caoutchouc-ciment est améliorée. Afin d'améliorer l'interface, les granulats caoutchouc ont d'abord été revêtus d'un copolymère styrène-butadiène et après densification complète de ce copolymère à la surface des agrégats caoutchouc, ils ont été incorporés au mélange cimentaire. Dans un premier temps, une analyse microstructurale utilisant la microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB), la spectrométrie de rayons X à dispersion d'énergie (EDS) et la diffraction des rayons X (DRX) a permis de préciser que la pâte de ciment adhérait fermement aux granulats caoutchouc revêtus de copolymère. Dans un second temps, les propriétés mécaniques et de transfert de ce mortier ont ensuite été comparées à celles du mortier témoin (granulats naturels) et de deux autres mortiers caoutchoutés dans lesquels l'un d'entre eux a été ajouté un désentraineur d'air pour produire un mélange caoutchouté ayant la même teneur en air que le mortier témoin. Les résultats ont démontré une interface améliorée du caoutchouc-ciment fournissant une amélioration significative des propriétés de transfert telles que la perméabilité à l'air et l'absorption capillaire d'eau. Cependant, la diminution des propriétés mécaniques (résistance à la compression et module d'élasticité) demeure en raison de la faible rigidité des granulats caoutchouc. Quant à la résistance à la traction et la résistance résiduelle post-pic témoignent d'une énergie de rupture plus élevées dans le cas de granulats revêtus du copolymère, démontrant un effet de pontage amélioré rendu possible par la liaison entre les granulats caoutchouc et la matrice de ciment. Cet effet de pontage a également contribué à améliorer la résistance des composites caoutchoutés à la fissuration par retrait empêché Afin d'étayer les effets d'une interface caoutchouc-ciment améliorée, la durabilité des mortiers caoutchoutés dans des environnements agressifs a été étudiée. En ce qui concerne l'attaque à l'acide acétique, une faible profondeur dégradée et une réduction de la perte de masse et de résistance à la compression des mortiers caoutchoutés revêtus de copolymère ont été observés par rapport au mortier témoin. Le mortier caoutchouté enduit de copolymère se comporte également mieux en empêchant la diffusion du sulfate de sodium dans le composite. La dégradation des mortiers dans des environnements agressifs a également été évaluée sur la base d'une variable d'endommagement. Il en ressort que les matériaux caoutchoutés revêtus de copolymère étaient plus durables que les matériaux non traités exposés à des environnements agressifsProperties of improved strain capacity and high shrinkage cracking resistance make rubberized cement-based composites suitable for large surface applications such as cement-based pavements and thin bonded overlays. However, bond defect between rubber aggregates (RA) and cement matrix is well-known and detrimental to properties of rubberized cement-based materials. It is universally accepted a reduction in some mechanical properties of rubberized cement-based composites mainly due to low stiffness of RA. Nevertheless, their transfer properties could indeed be competitive with control mortar (without RA) if bond at rubber-cement matrix interface is improved. In order to enhance the interface, RA were firstly coated with styrene-butadiene copolymer and after complete densification of this copolymer on surface of RA, they were mixed with the pre-mixed cementitious mixture. Microstructural analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) clarified that cement paste bonded firmly on copolymer-coated RA. Mechanical and transfer properties of this mortar were then compared to that of control mortar and two rubberized mortars in which one of them air-detraining admixture was added to produce rubberized mixture with the similar air content as the control mortar. Findings have demonstrated an enhanced rubber-cement matrix interface provided a significant improvement on transfer properties such as air permeability and water capillary absorption. However, a reduction in mechanical properties (compressive strength and modulus of elasticity) was still observed due to low stiffness of RA. Rubber coating appeared to limit the reduction in tensile strength and to result in a higher residual post-peak strength and fracture energy, demonstrating an improved material bridging effect made possible by the bond between RA and cement matrix. The bridging effect also contributed to improve resistance of rubberized composites to shrinkage cracking even under high restrained conditions. Based on above-mentioned characteristics, the study further investigated the durability of rubberized mortars under aggressive environments to observe the effects of RA incorporation and of an enhanced rubber-cement matrix interface. Regarding acetic acid attack, a low degraded depth and a reduction in loss of both mass and compressive strength of rubberized mortars, especially the one incorporating copolymer-coated RA, were observed compared to the ones of the control mortar. The coated rubberized mortar also behaves better in preventing sodium sulfate diffusion into the composite. The degradation of mortars under aggressive environments was also evaluated based on a damage variable, which was defined as a relative change in equivalent load-resisting area of mortar specimens between their original condition and at a given time when they were exposed to acid or sulfate solutions. From damage variable values, it can be concluded that coated rubberized mortar was more durable than the untreated one against aggressive environments. The durability of untreated and coated rubberized mortars under freeze-thaw cycles was also carried out and compared to that of control mortar. The rubberized cement- based composites were more resistant to freezing and thawing than the control one, especially in terms of dimensional expansion. The better performance can be attributed to high energy absorption of RA and to higher porosity, lower water capillary absorption and high strain capacity of rubberized mortars. Rubber coating, even reducing the permeability of rubberized cement-based composites, still remained high durability of their applications under frost environment
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Calisgan, Huseyin. "Comprehensive Modelling Of Gas Condensate Relative Permeability And Its Influence On Field Performance." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606667/index.pdf.
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The productivity of most gas condensate wells is reduced significantly due to condensate banking when the bottom hole pressure falls below the dew point. The liquid drop-out in these very high rate gas wells may lead to low recovery problems. The most important parameter for determining condensate well productivity is the effective gas permeability in the near wellbore region, where very high velocities can occur. An understanding of the characteristics of the high-velocity gas-condensate flow and relative permeability data is necessary for accurate forecast of well productivity.
In order to tackle this goal, a series of two-phase drainage relative permeability measurements on a moderate permeability North Marmara &ndash1 gas well carbonate core plug sample, using a simple synthetic binary retrograde condensate fluid sample were conducted under reservoir conditions which corresponded to near miscible conditions. As a fluid system, the model of methanol/n-hexane system was used as a binary model that exhibits a critical point at ambient conditions. The interfacial tension by means of temperature and the flow rate were varied in the laboratory measurements. The laboratory experiments were repeated for the same conditions of interfacial tension and flow rate at immobile water saturation to observe the influence of brine saturation in gas condensate systems. The laboratory experiment results show a clear trend from the immiscible relative permeability to miscible relative permeability lines with decreasing interfacial tension and increasing velocity. So that, if the interfacial tension is high and the flow velocity is low, the relative permeability functions clearly curved, whereas the relative permeability curves straighten as a linear at lower values of the interfacial tension and higher values of the flow velocity. The presence of the immobile brine saturation in the porous medium shows the same shape of behavior for relative permeability curves with a small difference that is the initial wetting phase saturations in the relative permeability curve shifts to the left in the presence of immobile water saturation. A simple new mathematical model is developed to compute the gas and condensate relative permeabilities as a function of the three-parameter. It is called as condensate number
NK so that the new model is more sensitivity to temperature that represents implicitly the effect of interfacial tension. The new model generated the results were in good agreement with the literature data and the laboratory test results. Additionally, the end point relative permeability data and residual saturations satisfactorily correlate with literature data. The proposed model has fairly good fitness results for the condensate relative permeability curves compared to that of gas case. This model, with typical parameters for gas condensates, can be used to describe the relative permeability behavior and to run a compositional simulation study of a single well to better understand the productivity of the field.
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Williams, Brad J. "An On-Target Performic Acid Oxidation Method Suitable for Disulfide Bond Elucidation Using Capillary Electrophoresis - Mass Spectrometry." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-05-7947.
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Disulfide bonds play important roles in establishing and stabilizing three-dimensional
protein structure, and mass spectrometry (MS) has become the primary
detection method to decipher their biological and pathological roles. Several
experimental methods before or after MS detection have been developed to aid in
disulfide bond assignment, such as tandem MS followed by database searching or
modification of the disulfide bond via chemical reduction or oxidation. Despite these
technological advancements, the detection and proper assignment of disulfide bonds
have remained experimentally difficult. Therefore, we have developed an alternative
method for disulfide bond elucidation using capillary electrophoresis-mass
spectrometry (CE-MS) combined with an on-target performic acid oxidation method for
matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) deposited samples.
An information rich CE-MS method that results in distinct charge-state trends
observed in two-dimensional plots of log(mu eff) versus log (MW) was developed to
enhance the confidence of peptide and protein identifications. The charge-state trends
provide information about the number of basic amino acid residues present within each peptide. This information can be used to develop methods to screen for posttranslationally
modified peptides (e.g., phosphorylation, disulfide bonds, etc.). In the
case of disulfide bonds, the highly charged peptides (i.e., 3, 4 or greater charge states)
have a high probability of being disulfide-linked peptides, owing to charge contribution
of both peptides forming the disulfide bridged peptide. However, intra-linked disulfide
bridged peptides can also be present at lower charge states. Therefore, a chemically
selective method to rapidly locate disulfide-linked peptides that have been separated by
CE-MS must be developed.
An on-target performic acid oxidation method was developed to provide the
chemical selectivity towards disulfide bonds, i.e., converting the cystine bond to form
two peptides modified with a cysteic acid (SO3H) side chain. The on-target oxidation
method offers (i) no post-oxidation sample cleanup, (ii) improved throughput over
solution-phase oxidation methods, and (iii) easily adapted to CE separations coupled offline
with MALDI-MS. The evaluation of the on-target oxidation experimental
parameters, the fragmentation behavior of cysteic acid-containing peptides and an
alternative method for disulfide bond elucidation, using CE-MS combined with the ontarget
oxidation method, are discussed within.
Books on the topic "Capillary bonds"
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Esquivel, María Teresa Jaén. Paleopatología: Evidencias óseas en los restos de la Capilla de Indios de la villa de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México. Ciudad de México: Fundación Miguel Alemán, 2017.
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Mate, C. Mathew, and Robert W. Carpick. Tribology on the Small Scale. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199609802.001.0001.
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Friction, lubrication, adhesion, and wear are prevalent physical phenomena in everyday life and in many key technologies. The goal of this book is to incorporate a bottom up approach to friction, lubrication, and wear into a versatile textbook on tribology. This is done by focusing on how these tribological phenomena occur on the small scale—the atomic to the micrometer scale—a field often called nanotribology. The book covers the microscopic origins of the common tribological concepts: roughness, elasticity, plasticity, friction coefficients, and wear coefficients. Some macroscale concepts (like elasticity) scale down well to the micro- and atomic scale, while other macroscale concepts (like hydrodynamic lubrication) do not. In addition, this book also has chapters on topics not typically found in tribology texts: surface energy, surface forces, lubrication in confined spaces, and the atomistic origins of friction and wear. These chapters covered tribological concepts that become increasingly important at the small scale: capillary condensation, disjoining pressure, contact electrification, molecular slippage at interfaces, atomic scale stick-slip, and bond breaking. Numerous examples are provided throughout the book on how a nanoscale understanding of tribological phenomena is essential to the proper engineering of important new technologies such as MEMS, disk drives, and nanoimprinting. For the second edition, all the chapters have been revised and updated, with many new sections added to incorporate the most recent advancements in nanoscale tribology. Another important enhancement to the second edition is the addition of problem sets at the end of each chapter.
Book chapters on the topic "Capillary bonds"
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Soulié, Fabien, Moulay Saïd El Youssoufi, Jean-Yves Delenne, and Christian Saix. "Effect of Capillary and Cemented Bonds on the Strength of Unsaturated Sands." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 185–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69873-6_18.
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Siegel, David. "The Behavior of a Capillary Surface for Small Bond Number." In Variational Methods for Free Surface Interfaces, 109–13. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4656-5_12.
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Elton, David J. "Capillarity and Cotton Balls (Bonus: Nonwoven Geotextile Strength Demonstration)." In Grounded!, 125–31. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413920.ch23.
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"Capillary and Bond Numbers." In The Imperial College Lectures in Petroleum Engineering, 167–70. WORLD SCIENTIFIC (EUROPE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781786342102_0013.
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Lauga, Eric. "4. Dimensions." In Fluid Mechanics: A Very Short Introduction, 53–73. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198831006.003.0004.
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‘Dimensions’ begins by evaluating the role that physical dimensions and dimensional analysis play in physics and it then explains the differences between dimensions and units and introduces the concept of dimensional homogeneity. Dimensional homogeneity has had a huge impact on physical sciences, including the pioneering scientists who proposed it. The chapter then explains how to reduce a given physics problem to a simpler one involving numbers with no dimensions, termed dimensionless numbers. Dimensionless numbers have a role in our understanding of fluid mechanics. The Reynolds number (quantifying the relative impact of inertial vs. viscous forces in flows), the Womersley number (unsteady inertia vs. viscous forces), the Froude number (gravitational potential vs. kinetic energy), the Bond number (gravitational potential vs. surface energy), the Weber (inertia vs. surface tension) and capillary numbers (viscous forces vs. surface tension), the Mach number (flow speeds vs. sound speed), and the Rossby number (flow time scale vs. Coriolis frequency) are all worth considering here.
Conference papers on the topic "Capillary bonds"
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Hirn, U., and R. Schennach. "Fiber-Fiber Bond Formation and Failure: Mechanisms and Analytical Techniques." In Advances in Pulp and Paper Research, Oxford 2017, edited by W. Batchelor and D. Söderberg. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.2017.2.839.
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In this paper we give a literature overview on three different aspects of pulp fiber-fiber bonding. First we are reviewing how the adhesion between the pulp fibers is created by the capillary pressure during drying of a sheet. Second we are discussing the individual mechanisms relevant for fiber-fiber bonding. They can be grouped in three different groups: (a) The area in molecular contact, which also includes interdiffusion; (b) the intermolecular bonding mechanisms hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals forces and Coulomb interaction; (c) the mechanical bonding mechanisms which are capillary bridges and mechanical interlocking. The third and last part of the review discusses the failure process of fiber-fiber bonds and related single fiber-fiber bond testing methods. The general emphasis of the paper is set on providing a general understanding of the processes responsible for how bonds between fibers are created, how they work and how they are failing.
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Lawrence, Michael B., and Brian J. Schmidt. "A Micropatterned Surface for the Assessment of Relative Two-Dimensional Molecular Selectin Kinetics in Flow." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2008-62046.
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Recruitment rate measurements of micro-scale particles, such as cells or microbeads, to biofunctional surfaces is difficult because factors such as uneven ligand distributions, particle collisions, variable particle fluxes, and molecular-scale surface separation distances that combine to obfuscate the ability to link the observed particle behavior with the governing nanoscale biophysics. We report the development of a hydrodynamically-conditioned micropattern catch strip assay to measure microparticle and cellular recruitment kinetics. The assay exploited patterning within microfluidic channels and the mechanostability of selectin bonds to create reaction geometries that confined a microbead flux to within 200 nm of the surface under flow conditions. Systematic control of capillary action enabled the creation of homogenous or gradient ligand distributions. The method enabled the measurement of particle recruitment rates (keff, s−1) that were primarily determined by the interaction of the biomolecular pair being investigated. The method may be well suited for analysis of reaction rates between surface-bound molecules in the presence of convective flow patterns.
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Kov'ev, Ernst K., Artem P. Malakho, and Sergey N. Polyakov. "Bond's method used for a double-crystal spectrometer equipped with a polycapillary halflens." In International Conference on X-ray and Neutron Capillary Optics, edited by Muradin A. Kumakhov. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.489739.
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Herescu, Alexandru, and Jeffrey S. Allen. "Periodic Interface Destabilization in High-Speed Gas-Liquid Flows at the Capillary Scale." In ASME 4th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2006-96183.
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Recent research efforts have illustrated the importance of capillarity on the behavior of two-phase flow (gas-liquid) in low Bond number systems; that is, systems where capillary forces are important relative to gravitational forces. Such systems include capillary tubes and microchannels as well as the gas flow channels of a PEM fuel cell. High speed microscopy experiments visualizing air-water flow through a 500 micrometer square glass capillary, 10 cm long were conducted. The flow rates are significant with velocities of 6.2 m/s for the air and 0.2 m/s for the water. A unique annular flow with periodic destabilization of the gas-liquid interface has been observed. Standing waves develop on the liquid film and grow into annular lobes typical of that observed in low speed two-phase flow in capillary tubes. Atypical is the interface destabilization phenomena. The leading face of the lobe will decelerate and suddenly become normal to the wall of the square capillary while the trailing face of the lobe will remain gently sloped back into the annular liquid film. The transition between the leading and trailing faces acquires a sharp edge having a exceptionally large curvature. The entire structure then rapidly collapses and produces travelling waves which propagate upstream and downstream along the annular liquid film. The entire sequence of events takes approximately a half millisecond. This destabilization phenomenon is regular and periodic. Visualization of the destabilization from the high speed microscopy setup and preliminary analysis are presented.
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Son, Sang Young, and Jeffrey S. Allen. "Visualization and Predictive Modeling of Two-Phase Flow Regime Transition With Application Towards Water Management in the Gas-Flow Channels of PEM Fuel Cells." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82422.
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Understanding the behavior of gas and water vapor flow through the microchannel gas flow passages of a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells is critical to reliable fuel cell operation. Recent research efforts have illustrated the importance of capillarity on the behavior of two-phase flow (gas-liquid) in low Bond number systems; that is, systems where capillary forces are important relative to gravitational forces. Such systems include capillary tubes and microchannels as well as the gas flow channels of a PEM fuel cell. The key characteristic scaling factors for two-phase flow in capillaries have been determined. The choice of length scales and velocity scales in dimensionless groups used to characterize two-phase flow is critical to correctly delineating phase distribution. Traditional scaling for these types of flows have considered the interaction between gas and liquid phases to be primarily inertial in nature. The role of liquid film stability where the phase interaction is a combination of viscous and capillary effects is shown to be a more appropriate scaling for low-Bond number, low-Suratman number two-phase flows. Microscopic visualization at high frame rates has been used to identify the flow regime under various gas-liquid mass ratios, channel geometries and surface energies. The observations collected via high speed microscopy and corresponding pressure measurements are reported for square and circular cross-sectional microchannels with contact angles of 20 degrees (hydrophilic) and 70 degrees (hydrophobic). The effect of geometry and contact angle on the phase distribution and the pressure drop are dramatic.
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Lai, Jia-Jun, Liang Xia, Rui Hu, Jia-You Huang, Kai-Lin Pan, and Hong-Bo Qin. "Influence of capillary trace on the wire bond loop profile." In 2022 23rd International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept56209.2022.9873313.
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He, J., and M. C. Altan. "Quasi-Static Capillary Impregnation of a Porous Fiber Bed." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1166.
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Abstract The impregnation of a fiber bed by capillary forces in a gravity field is analyzed. Fiber bed is modeled as infinitely long, parallel cylinders arranged in a hexagonal pattern. Quasi-static creeping flow equation is used to obtain the fluid front location and shape during impregnation of the fiber bed. The fluid front motion during impregnation are presented for different Bond numbers, contact angles and fiber volume fractions. It is found that impregnation velocity is significantly affected by contact angle and fiber volume fraction at the initial stages of impregnation. The influence of the Bond number becomes more significant when the fluid front approaches its final position where gravity balances capillary forces. The permeability of the fiber bed is also obtained from the time-dependent motion of the fluid front. The permeability predictions agree with the published experimental result and with those obtained by using lubrication theory.
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Kai, Yang, Ong Chen Ho, and Alfred Yeo. "Application of laser Doppler Vibrometer for wire bond capillary quality evaluation." In 2015 IEEE 17th Electronics Packaging and Technology Conference (EPTC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eptc.2015.7412276.
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Lee, Hyesoo, Youngho Jang, Woodong Jung, and Wonmo Sung. "CO2 Plume Migration With Gravitational, Viscous, and Capillary Forces in Saline Aquifers." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54123.
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In this study, we attempt to consider three forces of gravitational, viscous and capillary forces, simultaneously when CO2 is injected in saline aquifers. In order to conduct it, we propose a dimensionless group in the form of combination of Capillary number and Bond number. This dimensionless group is a function of CO2 saturation, in which the pattern of CO2 flow regimes can be determined. By the analysis of the acquired each trapping mechanism from flow regimes, optimum CO2 injecting scheme can be designed for maximizing the solubility and residual trappings as stable mechanism. With utilizing the proposed dimensionless group, we conducted several numbers of simulations using 2D vertical heterogeneous system with respect to CO2 flow rate, interfacial tension between CO2 and water, and brine salinity. From the simulation results, when gravitational and viscous forces with respect to capillary force are described by two individual dimensionless groups of Capillary number and Bond number, CO2 saturation profiles are variously generated. These are not satisfactory correlations in the dependence of CO2 saturation on Capillary number and Bond number for the variable terms of density differences between CO2 and water and CO2 injection rates. With the proposed dimensionless group, the universal profile of CO2 saturation was obtained in describing CO2 flow behaviors for the variables. Thus, considering two variables of density differences and CO2 injection rates simultaneously, that is, when three forces considering at the same time, more realistic CO2 flow behavior can be analyzed. This study helps to determine the most secure conditions of CO2 injection and storage according to building the pattern of CO2 flow regimes which is classified by the range of a dimensionless group.
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Allen, Jeffrey S., and Sang Young Son. "Observation of Low Bond Number Two-Phase Flow Regime Transition From Slug to Annular Wavy Flow in a Microchannel." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2003-1057.
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An understanding the physics behind the flow transition when capillary forces are important is critical to the development of many technologies; both for terrestrial- and space-based applications. The flow transition of greatest concern is that between slug, or plug, flow and core-annular flow. The transition of plug flow to core-annular flow in a low-Bond number configuration is experimentally observed in a novel capillary configuration. The effect of variations in mass flow rate of each phase (gas and liquid) on the overall system dynamics is discussed for both flow regimes.
Reports on the topic "Capillary bonds"
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Kishore K. Mohanty. IMPACT OF CAPILLARY AND BOND NUMBERS ON RELATIVE PERMEABILITY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833411.
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