Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Capacity'
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Heslop, Vivienne Rosemary. "Sustainable capacity : building institutional capacity for sustainable development." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5905.
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The task of converting the rhetoric of sustainable development to real action and change is one that poses significant challenges for local and central government agencies. The complexity of this task is compounded by the increasing acceptance that the impediments to advancing the sustainable development agenda are largely institutional. This thesis argues that, unless explicit consideration is given to understanding institutional change for sustainable development and the ways in which it can be enabled, little progress is likely to be made. This thesis sets out to examine the contribution of building institutional capacity in enabling institutional change for sustainable development. In doing so it starts by developing conceptual frameworks for both institutional capacity and institutional change. The institutional capacity framework illustrates the integrated nature of capacity building for progressing sustainable development, and the conceptual framework of institutional change is designed to help agencies understand the complexity and holistic nature of institutional change. These conceptual frameworks were developed initially from an analysis of empirical material relating to the institutional issues associated with advancing sustainable development and were informed by the theoretical perspectives provided by new institutionalism and capacity building. Further refinement of the conceptual frameworks was possible by using a case study of a multi-agency public sector sustainable development initiative in the Auckland region of New Zealand. Analysis of interviews revealed that the building of institutional capacity is enmeshed with institutional change for sustainable development. The failure to understand the ii integrated and holistic nature of capacity building has an impact on the success of multi-agency public sector initiatives seeking to change current policy and practice. From the case study and further analysis of the empirical and theoretical literature it was possible to develop a set of institutional design principles that incorporate the conceptual frameworks and seek to make them applicable for the design of multiagency initiatives. These institutional design principles were tested and refined through further interviews with case study participants, resulting in the development of a process for designing and implementing multi-agency public sector sustainable development initiatives. The design process embeds the conceptual frameworks for institutional capacity and institutional change, and demonstrates that the task of progressing sustainable development is a process of change and can be enabled by a focus on applying the institutional design principles developed through this research. It is critical, first, that design of new initiatives takes account of the existing institutional landscape and identifies the necessary shifts in each dimension of institutions to ensure institutional change, makes as much use of existing structures as possible, is clear on the purpose of the initiative, specifies the extent of coordination sought between agencies and identifies specific mechanisms to steer integration. The second key component of institutional design is the identification of the institutional capacities required to support the institutional change sought from the initiative, their development during the course of an initiative, and the incorporation of evaluation and reflection as a key element of the process of implementation. iii The findings of this research contribute to our understanding of the capacities required to facilitate institutional change and the elements of institutional design that can shape efforts by the public sector to advance sustainable development.
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Sollander, Kristina, and Lisa Hedvall. "Capacity dimensioning of operations capacity in manufacturing companies." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30215.
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Purpose:To investigate how managers work with capacity dimensioning and what the main challenges are in order to balance efficiency and responsiveness in the continuous operations, as well as investigate what patterns and trends that can be identified within the capacity dimensioning approach. Methodology:A multiple case study was conducted including 14 manufacturing companies. Empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews and used to explain the phenomenon of capacity dimensioning. Differences and similarities in the way companies approach capacity dimensioning was investigated though a cross-case analysis. The research is of exploratory and inductive character. Findings:A general process for capacity dimensioning has been established and affecting aspects and challenges has been identified. Potential trends and relationships have been investigated for the capacity dimensioning approach, with a potential connection between flexibility and investment strategy with introduction period in human resources. Further the capacity strategies tend to vary depending on alternative capacity sources. Theoretical implications:Information is provided for how capacity dimensioning is done at companies today, connections are strong to adjacent theories as S&OP but with more detail in the area of setting the capacity level. Managerial implications:The capacity dimensioning does not have a solution that suits all companies, but communication and alignment in the supply chain should not be underestimated for successful capacity dimensioning. Research delimitations:The research is conducted on manufacturing companies active in Sweden, other countries or continents of the world could generate other results because of different culture and laws. Further, service companies could also have provided other results.
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Harper, Christine. "Developing Capacity: The IMF's Impact on State Capacity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5460/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the impact of International Monetary Fund (IMF) loans since the adoption of the governance mandate on overall government capability. The study will explore whether the presence of IMF loans in developing countries enhances state capacity. Administrative capacity is of particular importance because it is a requisite for the integration of state and society in the national political arena and encourages joint involvement of government and citizenry in overall representation of societal interests. The model designed to test the two primary hypotheses is comprised of a simultaneous system of equations. Despite criticisms of IMF conditionality arrangements, it appears that these programs are largely effective at increasing administrative capacity, an important factor in achieving economic growth and national ownership of IMF development programs.
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Somogyi, Robert. "Essays on capacity-constrained pricing." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX024/document.
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Cette thèse est composée de trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre, "Bertrand-Edgeworth Competition with Substantial Product Differentiation", étudie le comportement d'un duopole lorsque les deux entreprises sont caractérisées par des contraintes de capacité et produisent un bien différencié à la Hotelling. En limitant l'analyse au cas d'un degré élevé de différentiation du produit, je démontre l'existence d'au moins un équilibre en stratégie pure pour tous les niveaux de capacités. Le deuxième chapitre, "Monopoly Pricing with Dual Capacity Constraints" analyse un monopole qui est contraint par deux types de contraintes de capacité: un sur la quantité produite, l'autre sur le nombre des consommateurs. Je démontre que les prix optimaux choisis par les entreprises en court terme ne sont pas monotones dans le niveau des contraintes de capacité. En outre, le bien-être agrégé des consommateurs peut décroître si une des contraintes de capacité est augmentée. Le troisième chapitre, "Competition with Dual Capacity Constraints", étend l'analyse du deuxième chapitre au cas du duopole symétrique dans lequel les deux entreprises font face aux mêmes niveaux de capacité. Je démontre l'existence de conditions sous lesquelles la non-monotonicité des prix et du bien-être des consommateurs observée dans le 2ème chapitre est également présente dans le cas du duopole. Certains équilibres donnent naissance à des prix de duopole égaux au prix de monopole. En outre, les entreprises peuvent choisir des prix d'équilibre identiques sur les deux marchés malgré leur pouvoir de discrimination des prixThis Ph.D. thesis is composed of three chapters. Since Kreps and Scheinkman's seminal article (1983) a large number of papers have analyzed capacity constraints' potential to relax price competition. However, the majority of the ensuing literature has assumed that products are either perfect or very close substitutes. Therefore very little is known about the interaction between capacity constraints and local monopoly power. The aim of the present paper is to shed light on this question using a standard Hotelling setup. The high level of product dierentiation results in a variety of equilibrium firm behavior and it generates at least one pure-strategy equilibrium for any capacity level. The second chapter, "Bertrand-Edgeworth Competition with Substantial Product Differentiation", studies the price-setting behavior of a monopoly facing two capacity constraints: one on the number of consumers it can serve, the other on the total amount of products it can sell. Facing two consumer groups that difer in their demands and the distribution of their willingness-to-pay, the monopoly's optimal non-linear pricing strategy consists of offering one or two price-quantity bundles. The characterization of the firm's optimal pricing as a function of its two capacities reveals a rich structure that also gives rise to some surprising results. In particular, I show that prices are non-monotonic in capacity levels. Moreover, there always exists a range of parameters in which weakening one of the capacity constraints decreases consumer surplus. In the long run, when the firms can choose how much capacity to build, prices and consumer surplus are monotonic in capacity costs. The third chapter, "Competition with Dual Capacity Constraints", studies duopoly pricing under dual capacity constraints, limiting both the total quantity and the number of consumers served. It extends both the analysis of monopoly pricing with dual capacity constraints and the symmetric models of Bertrand-Edgeworth competition with a singular capacity. By isolating parameter regions where a symmetric pure-strategy equilibrium exists, I nd that several types of equilibria are possible, depending on the model's specications. For some of them, duopoly prices are identical to monopoly prices. Equilibrium prices are non-monotonic in capacity levels if consumers' valuations are suciently heterogeneous. Moreover, I show that despite their ability to price discriminate, competition may lead firms to charge identical prices across markets
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Niles, Augusta (Augusta L. ). "Stochastic capacity modeling to support demand/capacity gap planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90770.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
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Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 62-63).
Capacity strategy has established methods of dealing with uncertainty in future demand. This project advances the concept of capacity strategy under conditions of uncertainty in cases where capacity is the primary source of uncertainty. Novartis Vaccines, one of five divisions of Novartis AG, produces nearly two dozen vaccines which are offered in syringes, vials, multi or single pack, and multi or single dose and delivered in language-specific packaging to countries all over the world. Bexsero is a new product in 2013. As demand for Bexsero and other products increases over the next ten years, the production lines used to package them will need to accommodate more and more volume. Capacity planning compares capacity gaps between future demand and current estimated capacity. Because of recurring shortfalls in production relative to planned capacity, current estimates of capacity are not trusted for long-term planning. Understanding how international product demand will be allocated to each production line and what drives current capacity limitations will help Novartis Vaccines prioritize investment to optimally develop this capacity over time. Thus, the purpose of this model is to establish baseline capacity estimates using historical data and allow for the simulation of new production scenarios in order to demonstrate the impact of production policy on mean and variance of capacity over a specified time horizon. Incorporating simulated results produces a mean and standard deviation of capacity we are likely to see. Long-term demand was assessed, capacity versus peak demand views were created, and production scenarios were simulated on a single line/product/format basis over the time horizon to determine expected capacity. Recommendations were made for each of the pre-filled syringe, multi-format, and vial format lines and these results were used to shape an overall packaging capacity development plan.
by Augusta Niles.
M.B.A.
S.M.
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Kim, Anthony Eli. "On network coding capacity : matroidal networks and network capacity regions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62657.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-70).
One fundamental problem in the field of network coding is to determine the network coding capacity of networks under various network coding schemes. In this thesis, we address the problem with two approaches: matroidal networks and capacity regions. In our matroidal approach, we prove the converse of the theorem which states that, if a network is scalar-linearly solvable then it is a matroidal network associated with a representable matroid over a finite field. As a consequence, we obtain a correspondence between scalar-linearly solvable networks and representable matroids over finite fields in the framework of matroidal networks. We prove a theorem about the scalar-linear solvability of networks and field characteristics. We provide a method for generating scalar-linearly solvable networks that are potentially different from the networks that we already know are scalar-linearly solvable. In our capacity region approach, we define a multi-dimensional object, called the network capacity region, associated with networks that is analogous to the rate regions in information theory. For the network routing capacity region, we show that the region is a computable rational polytope and provide exact algorithms and approximation heuristics for computing the region. For the network linear coding capacity region, we construct a computable rational polytope, with respect to a given finite field, that inner bounds the linear coding capacity region and provide exact algorithms and approximation heuristics for computing the polytope. The exact algorithms and approximation heuristics we present are not polynomial time schemes and may depend on the output size.
by Anthony Eli Kim.
M.Eng.
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Taljaard, Amorie. "The interrelationships between entrepreneurial competencies, absorptive capacity and innovation capacity." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78972.
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Speed and measure of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) is bringing about shifts in power, wealth and knowledge. For entrepreneurs, who are known to drive innovation, Industry 4.0 offers a wide scope of opportunities in the future. As a middle-income country, South Africa needs to use its knowledge and innovations to sharpen its innovative edge in order to compete globally and stimulate innovation.
Hence, this research attempts to determine the relationships between entrepreneurial competencies, entrepreneurial absorptive capacity and innovation capacity. Three conceptual frameworks of the interrelationships between these constructs were synthesised from the literature. As ample research on entrepreneurial competencies is widely available, a Delphi study was employed, together with a concept matrix to determine which entrepreneurial competencies should be included specifically significant for innovation within the 4IR context in South Africa. Four entrepreneurial competency categories emerged: cognitive (knowledge), functional (skills), social (attitudes and behaviours) and meta (facilitating learning) categories. Using a survey method, the analysis on a sample of 452 innovative entrepreneurs in South Africa was mainly done by empirically testing the causal linear relationship through structural equation modelling (SEM). Furthermore, an Artificial Neural Networking (ANN) technique which tests non-linear relationships and develop pattern recognition as well as modelling was conducted to compare the results of a non-linear relationship with those of a linear relationship. However, explorative comparisons of the performance of linear SEM models with non-linear NN indicated that the SEM models in this case performed better in explaining the variance in the dependent variables than did the ANN.
Through the theories of innovative performance, person-entrepreneurial fit and knowledge spillover, the findings of the study indicate the importance of incorporating a unified entrepreneurial competency typology perspective on innovation. The cognitive, functional, social and meta competencies as well as entrepreneurial absorptive capacity are significant predictors of innovation capacity. The implications of this extend to transmitting knowledge through absorptive capacity, which allows entrepreneurs to identify and exploit opportunities, identified from new knowledge sources and incorporated into new innovations. Additionally, entrepreneurial absorptive capacity mediates the relationship between social, meta, and functional competencies and innovation capacity. Entrepreneurial absorptive capacity was also found to be a moderator between cognitive competencies and innovation capacity.
Therefore, the development of certain entrepreneurial competencies, significant for innovation, is crucial for improving the strength of the relationship between entrepreneurial absorptive capacity and innovation capacity of entrepreneurs. These results have important implications for Industry 4.0 entrepreneurs, educators, policy makers as well as entrepreneurship models.Thesis (PhD (Entrepreneurship))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Business Management
PhD
Unrestricted
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Berman, Rachel Josephine. "Developing climate change coping capacity into adaptive capacity in Uganda." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7104/.
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Communities across sub-Saharan Africa have been coping with the effects of climate variability for generations. Further, future projections show these areas will be affected by increased climate variability and changes in mean climate. Understanding how current coping strategies used by households in these communities will shape future adaptation choices remains limited. The aim of this thesis is therefore to examine household coping capacity and coping strategies to cope with climate variability and reflect on what this means for future adaptation to longer term climatic change in Uganda. Uganda is an appropriate country in which to examine these issues due to both the occurrence of climatic extremes such as floods and droughts, as well as the high dependence of the population on the natural resource base which is readily affected by these events. This research adopts an institutional perspective to explore issues of vulnerability, resilience and adaptive capacity: examining household level coping and adaptive capacities through to wider institutional analysis at the community, district and national level to provide evidence of the role institutions play in mediating the development of coping to adaptive capacities. Quantitative methods including social network analysis are combined with traditional qualitative methods in a mixed-methods approach to provide empirical evidence and new perspectives in adaptation research. Results show household coping strategy depends on the customary and market-orientated nature of the village, and on the climatic hazard experienced: households without market access vary coping strategy by hazard whilst households with increased market access rely on economic activities regardless of hazard. Social network analysis identifies that support networks vary under different climatic hazards, and that these support networks do not show as many characteristics of bonding ties as previous literature suggests. The results also show that there are core households within each community that are central to the coping strategies of others. These core households typically hold formal positions in village institutions, mediating access to both formal and informal support structures. Yet, many households still remain excluded from both formal and informal support, and they remain vulnerable to climate variability and change. This thesis takes a polycentric perspective to explore the institutional enablers and constraints to coping and adaptation that exist across scales. Formal institutions play an important role in livelihood-specific coping strategies, whilst informal institutions underpin more general coping strategies. Positive and negative interplays between different institutions shape the opportunities for planned and autonomous adaptations. Institutional gulfs are present whereby institutions operate in relative isolation of others, or results in fragmented or sporadic adaptations. Policy makers must develop policies that support communities to cope with climatic variability whilst targeting future adaptation demands. The evidence presented in this thesis suggests complex institutional structures exist in relation to household coping capacities, and reflecting on these institutional dynamics is necessary to consider the possible implications longer-term future adaptive capacity. Given uncertainty over future livelihood choices under a varied climate, institutions that shape non-livelihood specific coping strategies will become increasingly important to maintain livelihood and coping flexibility, and this must recognise the role of both autonomous and planned adaptation. Although specific to the evidence provided from Uganda, these results have lessons for wider coping and adaptation policy and planning across sub-Saharan Africa.
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Gunn, Susannah. "The meaning and method of urban capacity and urban capacity studies." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1634.
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This thesis focuses on the question 'What is meant by "urban capacity"?' This is an increasingly important question as the government claims that the concept, through its technical study -the urban capacity study- is central to the planning for housing process, with this new technical study forming the foundation on which local authorities and regional authorities will increasingly develop their housing policy. However, the concept of 'urban capacity' is relatively new, and is still evolving. Therefore the meaning of urban capacity is important for processes of planning; but it is also a key idea driving development policy, ultimately determining where houses are built, the form they are likely to take, and the way that people in the future are likely to live. The urban capacity literature suggested that the concept had moved from being linked primarily to environmental capacity to being linked primarily to planning for housing provision, establishing the need to investigate the concept's evolution in meaning. To investigate this evolution, two descriptive concept-models were developed, and the research identified three windows that gave insight into the construction of the concept of urban capacity and its usage. These three windows were: firstly, government texts to explore how urban capacity was argued; secondly, a survey of urban capacity studies to investigate how urban capacity was assessed and the implications of the methods on the meaning of the concept; thirdly, a case study of South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council, the co-sponsor to this research, to investigate how the concept and urban capacity studies were used at the local level. This thesis concludes that the concept of urban capacity has indeed evolved; but that this evolution is more complicated than it may at first appear, and that this is likely to have implications for future policy-makers.
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Prodjinonto, Vincent. "Contribution à l'économie d'énergie dans le bâtiment : mesure de capacité de stockage dynamique d'une paroi." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14449/document.
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L’économie d’énergie dans le bâtiment est devenue une question préoccupante d’envergure internationale. Le secteur du bâtiment en effet, est l’un des plus énergétivores avec par exemple plus de 43% du total d’énergie produite en France, mais aussi l’un des plus polluants avec environs, 23% des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Avec l’accroissement des ménages, et la demande par conséquent d’énergie, les problèmes ci-dessus évoqués vont décupler et devenir rapidement ingérables les années à venir, si aucune mesure n’est prise. Ainsi, pour faire face à la situation, plusieurs stratégies sont mises en œuvre aux fins de réaliser l’économie d’énergie dans le bâtiment. Il y a le volet prédiction d’énergie qui oeuvre pour l’énergie juste heure après heure ; le volet recherche et élimination de ponts thermiques, afin de réduire au minimum les déperditions d’énergie représentant environ 30% de la consommation d’énergie ; et le volet conservation d’énergie dans les parois de bâtiment pour sa réutilisation future. Notre thèse s’est penchée sur les deux derniers volets en proposant différentes méthodes de CND et des traitements appropriés permettant la mise en évidence de défauts dans les structures de bâtiment. Des approches d’estimation de matrice de transfert ont été aussi abordées, pour permettre de prévoir le comportement thermique du bâtiment soumis à une sollicitation quelconque. La grande contribution de cette thèse concerne la mise au point d’une technique de mesure de capacité de stockage in-situ. Elle est importante, car il existe quantité de logiciels proposant la composition des structures d’un bâtiment pour une capacité de stockage d’énergie donnée. Mais il n’existe aucune méthode permettant de confirmer ou d’infirmer les résultats issus de calculs artificiels. Cette thèse apporte une solution à cette situation en proposant une méthode simple, sans encombrement, facile à mettre en œuvre et offrant un résultat satisfaisantEnergy saving in buildings has become a major international issue. Indeed, the building sector is one the most energy consuming sectors, for instance in France it consumes more than 43% of the total produced energy, and also it is one of the most polluter with around 23% of the green house gas emissions. As more and more households appear, the energy demand will increase and the above mentioned problems will be ten times more sever making them unmanageable in the upcoming years if no measure is taken. Thus, to face this situation, many strategies have been setup in order to achieve some energy saving in buildings. Among these strategies we find the energy prediction part which deals with hour by hour right energy; the research and elimination part of thermal bridges which its main objective is to reduce as much as possible the energy losses representing around 30% of the energy consumption; and the energy conservation part in wall buildings for future recycling. Our thesis focuses on the last two parts by proposing different methods of CND as well as appropriate survey treatments which allow to highlight structural failure in buildings. Transfer matrix estimation approaches have been used to predict the thermal behavior for a building that is being put under any kind of stress.The main contribution of this thesis concerns the developing of an in-situ storage capacity measuring technique. This is important since there are many softwares proposing the structural composition of a building for a given amount of energy. Nevertheless, there isn’t any method available for confirming or invalidating the results coming from artificial calculations. This thesis brings a solution to this situation by proposing a simple method, with no obstacles, easy to setup and with satisfactory results
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Chapates, David Carl. "Optimal airfield capacity expansion." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA303865.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1995."September 1995." Thesis advisor(s): Siriphong Lawphongpanich. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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McLellan, Cathy. "Building capacity for change." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0017/MQ49197.pdf.
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Lindberg, Ann-Sofie. "Firefighters' physical work capacity." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Idrottsmedicin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-88729.
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The overall aim of this thesis was to identify valid, simple, and inexpensive physical tests that can be used for evaluation of firefighters’ physical work capacity. Paper I included fulltime- and part-time firefighters (n = 193), aged 20-60 years. Perceived physical demands of firefighting work tasks were ranked, and comparisons between subject groups rating were done with the Mann Whitney U-test and Binominal test. Papers II and III included male firefighters and civilian men and women (n = 38), aged 24-57 years. Laboratory and field tests of aerobic fitness, muscle strength and endurance, balance, and simulated firefighting work tasks were performed. Physical capacity comparisons between subject groups were done and bivariate correlations between physical tests and work capacity in the simulated firefighting work tasks analyzed. Paper IV included the same subjects as in Paper II-III (training-set), and additional 90 subjects (prediction-set), aged 20-50 years. Laboratory and field tests of aerobic fitness, muscle strength and endurance and balance, and simulated firefighting work tasks were included. Data from the training-set was used to build models for prediction of firefighters’ physical work capacity, using multivariate statistic. The prediction-set was used to externally validate the selected models. Several work tasks were rated as physically demanding and significant differences (p < 0.05) in ratings were found between full-time and part-time firefighters (Paper I). Significant differences were found between subject groups in physical capacity, and work capacity (p < 0.01) (Paper II-IV). Both laboratory and field tests were significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with work capacity time (Paper II-III). The prediction (R2) and predictive power (Q2) of firefighters’ work capacity (Carrying hose baskets upstairs, Hose pulling, Demolition at or after a fire, Victim rescue, and Carrying hose baskets over terrain) was R2 = 0.74 to 0.91, and Q2 = 0.65 to 0.85, and the external validation ranged between R2: 0.38 to 0.80 (Paper IV). In conclusion, rowing 500 m (s), maximal handgrip strength (kg), endurance bench press (n), running 3000 m (s and s scaled to body weight) upright barbell row (n) and standing broad jump (m) together provides valid information about firefighters’ physical work capacity.
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Alsultan, Sami H. "Air fleet capacity planning." Thesis, University of Salford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308089.
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Walter, Torsten. "Misallocation of state capacity?" Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3852/.
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This thesis examines the allocation of human capital in the public sector. I build a new global school-level database comprising 1.73 million public primary schools in 86 countries to study the allocation of teachers across schools across countries at different income levels. In line with common wisdom, I find a strong negative correlation between schoollevel pupil-teacher ratios (PTRs) and the level of income of a country. More strikingly, I document that the within-country variation in PTRs is also higher in lower income countries. This negative correlation between PTR variation and per capita income is also found within countries over time. Cross-country regressions and cross-district regressions within developing countries suggest that teachers may be misallocated across schools in developing countries: aggregate educational attainment and PTR variation are negatively correlated - even after controlling for differences in per capita income and aggregate PTR. I build a theoretical framework to characterize the notion of misallocation and calibrate the model to simulate counterfactual teacher allocations. I find that aggregate gains in grade promotion from teacher reallocation would be substantial in many developing countries. I finish by discussing the causes and implications of my findings. A case study from Zambia points to lack of managerial capacity and weak enforcement of teacher allocation policies as important underlying factors. A comparison of the distribution of health workers across public primary care facilities in Zambia and England suggests that misallocation of public human resources could also be an issue in other public sectors in developing countries.
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Rouben, Dawood F. "CapaCity In the Sky." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62981.
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Thesis (S.B. in Art and Design)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 065-069).
Manhattan, as a model of a city with little room for lateral growth, is a good example of one driven by verticality. But verticality has its drawbacks with little light penetrating the dense urban jungle, populated by its collection of iconic towers. The concerns are many, but the one most relevant to this thesis is that of connectivity or the lack thereof in a dense city. Skyscrapers at present, currently stands alone and separate; their floors disconnected from the rest of the city and though ever soaring have done little more than intensify the social and physical disconnect between the city and its inhabitants. The one unifying factor appears in the form of public space - where people gather and interact. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the issue of connectivity via public space in its many forms through the following: - The possibility for a new kind of public space/program through the creation of a new layer in the sky. - A solution to the issues of Mass-Transit congestion to allow for ease of access to these prototypical architectural interventions. Effectively doubling the mass transit capacity through this new layer in the sky. Though this thesis is largely theoretical, it does use/make reference to Manhattan as a case study from which to design. For its unique density, history and public spaces render it an ideal site for such experimentation.
by Dawood F. Rouben.
S.B.in Art and Design
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Nishimura, Kathryn K. (Kathryn Kimie), and Jian Wang. "Calculating humanitarian response capacity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81102.
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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-65).
Since the year 2000, at least 300 disasters occurred annually, catching more than 100 million people unprepared and in need of international assistance every year. The United Nations operates five humanitarian response depots (UNHRDs), stocked with over 1,000 types of humanitarian relief items. In the event of an emergency, the UNHRDs deploy the pre-positioned stocks to meet the initial demand of those people affected. Our thesis evaluates the response capacity of the UNHRDs to a single potential disaster: what percentage of total affected people can be served and in what time period. Developed from a stochastic linear programming model, this two-part index assumes that the depots operate as a network, lead times are proportional to distances from depots, and stockpiles are optimized individually for each relief item. Given a specific level of initial inventory for each item, the model also provides insight into how to distribute relief items throughout the five depots to minimize the expected delivery time. Based on a marginal benefit analysis, each unit of inventory is allocated to a depot to minimize the total expected delivery times to disasters. We describe how the UNHRDs and other humanitarian relief organizations can strategically pre-position limited emergency relief resources to maximize their capacity to respond to disasters.
by Kathryn K. Nishimura and Jian Wang.
M.Eng.in Logistics
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Hii, Hnn-Hui. "Innovative capacity of firms." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621190.
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Naga, Venkat Narasimha Surya Peri, and Roy Choudhury Arjun. "Digital Capacity Calculation Tool." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287306.
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Capacity calculation is an annual calculation process to forecast the capacity of the machining lines with a given set of demands The purpose behind such calculations is to understand capacity vs demand for the lines, forecast the capacity in the upcoming quarters and years to understand how new parts can be accommodated in the current lines and provide a feedback. The current capacity calculation is a tedious process however, the thesis delves in to understand how the capacity calculation could be assisted to make it easier.Kapacitetsberäkningen är en årlig beräkningsprocess för att prognostisera bearbetningslinjernas kapacitet med en given uppsättning krav för bearbetningslinjer. Syftet med sådana beräkningar är att förstå den givna kapaciteten jämfört med efterfrågan på linjerna, prognostisera kapaciteten under de kommande kvartalen och åren för att förstå hur nya delar kan rymmas i nuvarande linjer och ge feedback. Den aktuella kapacitetsberäkningen är en tidskrävande process. Denna avhandlingen fördjupar sig i kapacitetsberäkningen för att förstå hur processen kan optimeras.
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Eccleston, Richard. "The capacity for reform /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16415.pdf.
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Hahn, Edward Paulus. "Implicit Category Priming Capacity." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/117.
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Past research has shown that accessing a memory allows faster subsequent access to the memory activated as well as to related information (priming). There has been much research devoted to implicit category priming (unintentional priming of a category of information), but this research has not determined the number of categories that can be implicitly primed simultaneously. The goal of the present quantitative study was to address that gap. Twenty participants (ages 27-54 years, M=44 years), who volunteered through an online participant pool, were presented with 2 tasks over the Internet. A scrambled phrase task implicitly primed 5 unrelated categories and a lexical decision (LD) task measured the priming (mean time between tasks = 42 seconds). Resulting primed and unprimed LD response latency distributions were strongly, positively skewed, which obscured individual priming effects. Gaussian parameters were extracted to overcome this skew, and the distributions were created for analysis. Dunnett's multiple comparisons post-hoc test following a 1-way ANOVA showed that 2 of the 5 categories remained significantly primed. Follow-up research should determine the reliability of this value. This value, and its range (to be identified in follow-up studies) would provide a means for comparing lesson efficacy and teacher performance. The results of this research also replicate previous research demonstrating long-term implicit category priming.
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Hobbs, Dale. "Probabilistic estimation of hosting capacity and operating reserve including optimisation of PV installation capacity." Thesis, Hobbs, Dale (2019) Probabilistic estimation of hosting capacity and operating reserve including optimisation of PV installation capacity. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52466/.
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In recent times the need to deploy additional sustainable generation means has become more apparent due to the ever-changing landscape of the global energy generation sector. Australia’s changing consumer needs means new technologies like renewable generation sources such as solar PV systems have increased in popularity over time, though their full capability has not yet been met. Though their intermittent generation is cause for concern in maintaining a stable and quality power supply. This thesis aims to address the issues by developing a probabilistic methodology for the day ahead estimate of the maximum hosting limits capacity and minimum operating reserve requirements of a microgrid containing high levels of PV penetration.
Before the commencement and development of the project, a wide range of methods from literature were analysed regarding microgrids and their use in this project. The comprehensive range of concepts of microgrids and their distributed generation were divulged and incorporated into the project methodology. To understand how to provide the probabilistic estimate of the maximum hosting capacity, three previously methods in literature were analysed, each providing more technically advanced approaches than the last. The same research approach was used to understand the methodology of developing a probabilistic estimate of the operating reserve. These methods range in methodology, from the Monte Carlo simulation method to advanced artificial neural networks.
To provide the day ahead estimates, an artificial neural network is developed to generate the network parameter forecasts required, providing with it, a probabilistic range of input to a network model. The maximum hosting capacity limit will ensure the amount of renewable generation expected will not exceed the performance indexes required for, voltage level, line loading limits and generator reverse power flow. The minimum operating reserve will provide an estimate of the reserve generation required if there were to be a sudden drop in the renewable energy supply. The estimates are created by modelling the IEEE 13-bus network in PowerFactory containing high levels of renewable generation. The programming functionality in this package has been utilised to automate the immense simulation, calculation and data collection processes required on a case by case basis. Statistical analysis is performed to define the probability of these estates occurring. The probabilities of these estimates will help network operators in making decisions for the control of the microgrid. Adding to these estimates were the PV generation capacity optimisations to increase the maximum hosting capacity limit.
Several test cases were created to analyse the performance of the modelling automation developed. Each of these cases created a different insight into the estimation and optimisation cases and their interaction with the performance indexes. The probabilistic estimations derived produced a normal distribution of values for each of the cases tested. Probability statistics are applied to provide the probability of such estimates occurring for the next day's operation. The optimisation successfully provided the maximised PV generation, setting a maximum hosting capacity within the performance index limits.
The methodology developed was successful in providing the probabilistic estimation required and optimising the PV installed capacity. This method offered the use of advanced technology, such as artificial neural networks, to provide more reliable predictions into the network operation.
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Lee, Yong Woo. "Data aggregation for capacity management." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/90.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Texas A&M University, 2003."Major Subject: Industrial Engineering" Title from author supplied metadata (automated record created on Jul. 18, 2005.) Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Cubuklu, Omer. "Capacity Trading In Electricity Markets." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613988/index.pdf.
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In electricity markets, capacity cost must be determined in order to make capacity
trading. In this thesis, capacity cost and the factors deriving the capacity cost are
studied. First, fixed capacity cost of power plants is examined. Direct and indirect
costs of fixed capacity cost are detailed with respect to different types of power
plants and the impact of these factors to the capacity cost is given. Second,
interconnection and system utilization costs of transmission and distribution system
are considered in order to simulate energy flow from the producer to the customer.
Finally, a capacity cost calculation program is practiced. By the help of this program,
capacity cost of power plants is figured out, different cases are compared and the
main factors affecting the capacity cost are discussed in detail.
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van, Well Lisa. "Institutional Capacity for Territorial Cohesion." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-45063.
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Territorial cohesion has its legal basis in the Treaty of Lisbon and is one of the overarching goals in the 2007-2013 Cohesion Policy instruments. Still the definition of territorial cohesion can be characterized as a ‘moving target’ - each EU Member State and region conceptualizes the policy goal in as befits the specific regional challenges and opportunities of the territory. The thesis examines the concept of territorial cohesion as a normative goal that is intended to be implemented at various territorial governance levels. The point of departure of the thesis is that it is important for institutions, as formal and informal ‘rules of the game’, to have the capacity or potential mobilization resources to plan for and achieve territorial cohesion and regional development. Institutional capacity is operationalized by use of a general framework consisting of knowledge resources, relational resources and mobilization capacity. The thesis is built on six papers that each deal with an issue (EU enlargement, climate change adaptation and mitigation, innovative capacity and cores and peripheries) that has territorial impact at three levels - the international or EU level, the transnational or macro-regional level and the local/regional level. The papers use primarily qualitative methods and each paints a very different picture of the potential role of institutions in understanding territorial cohesion. A cover essay links the articles analytically, building the question of how territorial cohesion is conceptualized on multiple levels through different theoretical and policy ‘lenses’. Synthesized results of the papers confirm that there are two quite different logics of action informing the way territorial cohesion is used as a goal or a means at the three levels. Applying the institutional capacity framework to cases working towards territorial cohesion at different levels has concluded that knowledge-building resources are most important for EU-level institutions, relational resources are most important at the transnational or macro-regional level, and mobilization capacity is key for local/regional institutions in efforts towards place-based development. The thesis has shown that there is added value in using the same framework of analysis at very different territorial levels. Scaling up or scaling down analytical levels appears to provide some added substance to a coherent picture of territorial cohesion even if there is a risk that it increases complexity.QC 20111026
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Islam, Amjad, Stephen U. Nwokoli, and Tatek Debebe. "Bearing Capacity of I-Joists." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12703.
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This work deals with the bearing capacity of wood based I-joists Finite element models were analyzed to determine the bearing capacity of I-joists, using the finite element software Abaqus CAE. The purpose of this study is to compare the results from the developed FE-models with experimental results, and with a previously proposed design formula. To perform the analyses finite element models were created. The model consists of three parts:, the web (made of shell element), the flanges and steel plates used at the supports and loading points (made of solid elements) To determine the bearing capacity of the I-joist two types of analyses were performed, a linear buckling analysis to check the risk of web buckling and a static (stress) analysis to check the risk of splitting of the flanges. This study shows that the steel plate length, in some cases, has little or no impact on primarily the splitting load. Furthermore, the buckling load decreases as the depth of the beam increases, the influence of the depth being proportional to 1/h2. The depth of the beam has no impact on the risk of splitting of the flange.
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Elizabeth, Cook. "Capacity Demands of Word Production." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487484.
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In the speech production literatUre, it is often assumed that only conceptualisation and selfmonitoring, but not lexical retrieval require cognitive capacity (e.g., Levelt, 1989, Speaking). However, using a dual-task paradigm (picture-word interference task and a tone discrimination task) Ferreira and Pashler (2002, JEP:LMC) showed that lexical selection but not phonological encoding required capacity. This thesis reports a series of related experiments. The time required for lexical selection and phonological encoding was varied by combining the pictures with semantically or phonologically related or unrelated distractors. The distractors were words or pictures, and they were clearly visible or masked. The results did not support Ferreira and Pashler's conclusion that lexical selection and phonological encoding differed in capacity demands, but instead suggested that either both of these processes require capacity or that they are both equally automatic. In addition, they confirmed that self-monitoring requires capacity. Finally, they demonstrated that the relatedness between a target word and a distractor can have opposing effects on phonological encoding and self-monitoring, and, in a dual task paradigm, on the latencies to perform a primary and secondary task. This complicates the interpretation of the results of dual-task studies, which is an important conclusion for methodological reasons.
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Yang, Shu-Jung Sunny The University of New South Wales Australian Graduate School of Management UNSW. "Investment strategies for capacity expansion." Awarded by:The University of New South Wales. Australian Graduate School of Management, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30158.
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This thesis addresses a problem at the nexus of operations, strategy, and economics: in concentrated markets, on the one hand firms may need to expand capacity in order to improve their competitive position, and on the other they also seek to avoid industry excess capacity causing poor industry conditions to destroy the intended value creation. These considerations are opposite to each other. Too much capacity leads to underutilized resources and drives costs up. In contrast, too little capacity will limit the operation's capability to serve customers and earn revenues. The literature of the operations management and operations research fields on capacity expansion is concerned with normative perspectives to invoke optimization techniques. In this stream of research, competitive capacity expansion is not extensive. Operations related studies often ignore the effect of oligopolistic competition on investment activities but explicitly model practical operational environments. Conversely, the literature of the industrial organization and business strategy fields on strategic investment focuses on quantity/pricing competition in oligopoly markets, and is concerned with descriptive perspectives to invoke game-theoretic modeling, emphasizing the effect of imperfect competition. There is an extensive literature of economics on a subject of capacity investment in oligopolistic competition environments. However, economics-related studies do not often address the detailed operational environments. The thesis focuses on the following five complicated factors affecting the union of operations, strategy, and economics: existing capacity, economies of scale, realistic production strategy, strategic interaction, and demand uncertainty. We make two main contributions. First, we extend the current game-theoretic models of strategic capacity investment by explicitly considering existing capacity, scale economies, and realistic production rules, which are often considered in the operations literature. Under reasonable conditions, we are able to solve the proposed models in closed form. Our second contribution is to use the type of generic strategy as firms' decision variable rather than quantity, price, or timing, which is often used in oligopoly theory. After analyzing equilibrium behaviors in the proposed models, our findings are supported by many empirical observations.
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Spronken, John Tristan. "Bearing capacity of tapered piles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38643.pdf.
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Verma, Manoj Kumar. "Capacity planning under fuzzy environment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57589.pdf.
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Rajendran, Hari Kumar. "Process quality and capacity planning." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2040.
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Production planning is a function performed in isolation from process capability to estimate available capacity. Process capability is a systematic study performed to understand the process performance. After a complete review of the literature available
on capacity and capability a gap was identified between them. This research is aimed at
proposing a model for representing a relationship between machine capacity and performance capability. Also presented are the impact of capability on capacity utilization and capacity planning. A traditional machine capacity calculation model is replaced with a modified model, which incorporates the yield percentage. Where, capacity is estimated as a product of available time, productivity and yield percentage .The yield percentage is estimated based on the performance capability .A systematic methodology is provided for the manufacturer to arrive at identify the root cause of capacity related problems. The importance of quality in capacity planning is emphasized by explaining the effects of deviation to capacity plan that can occur due to variability in the process. A case study is carried out in an aircraft company on a single machine to estimate performance capability and capacity of the machine in comparison to the demand. The results from case study indicate that there exists a 32% deviation from the required capacity calculated considering the process performance. The manufacturer decision based on outcome of the proposed model, points out the need for improving both productivity and utilization of the machine. An alternative to the current decision was also presented to the manufacturer, to increase the available time of the machine that is to increase the machine operation time from 7.6 Hrs to 10 Hrs in order to meet customer demand. It is left to the discretion of the manufacturer to decide on a corrective action after giving due consideration for the costs involved in the solution to meet customer demand.Thesis (M.S.) - Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
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Qiu, Jin 1962. "Production control and capacity configuration." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28646.
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Production control and capacity configuration policies are critical to a manufacturing firm for effective inventory control. In the first part of this dissertation, a Dynamic Programming model and a solution algorithm are developed to obtain an optimal (near-optimal) production control policy. The solution algorithm is able to produce an extremely good policy under mild conditions, but is applicable only to problems with a limited number of products. For problems involving a large number of products, a heuristic algorithm based on a decomposition/aggregation scheme is then proposed. This algorithm overcomes the computational difficulty typically associated with Dynamic Programming problems with a large number of state dimensions. Computational test results are reported to show the performance of the policy generated by the heuristic algorithm. In the second part of the dissertation, the production lead time and operational cost performance of two capacity configurations are analyzed. Models are developed for each configuration to determine the amount of capacity which minimizes the total capacity acquisition and operational costs, including the inventory cost. Computational test results are presented to study the impact of problem characteristics on the superiority of each configuration.
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Li, Hongyan. "Capacity optimization for supply chains." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445481.
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Schmoecker, Jan Dirk. "Dynamic capacity constrained transit assignment." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436040.
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Kammerer, Axel. "Memory capacity in the hippocampus." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-184549.
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Neural assemblies in hippocampus encode positions. During rest, the hippocam-
pus replays sequences of neural activity seen during awake behavior. This replay
is linked to memory consolidation and mental exploration of the environment. Re-
current networks can be used to model the replay of sequential activity. Multiple
sequences can be stored in the synaptic connections. To achieve a high mem-
ory capacity, recurrent networks require a pattern separation mechanism. Such a
mechanism is global remapping, observed in place cell populations. A place cell
fires at a particular position of an environment and is silent elsewhere. Multiple
place cells usually cover an environment with their firing fields. Small changes in
the environment or context of a behavioral task can cause global remapping, i.e.
profound changes in place cell firing fields. Global remapping causes some cells to
cease firing, other silent cells to gain a place field, and other place cells to move
their firing field and change their peak firing rate. The effect is strong enough to
make global remapping a viable pattern separation mechanism.
We model two mechanisms that improve the memory capacity of recurrent net-
works. The effect of inhibition on replay in a recurrent network is modeled using
binary neurons and binary synapses. A mean field approximation is used to de-
termine the optimal parameters for the inhibitory neuron population. Numerical
simulations of the full model were carried out to verify the predictions of the mean
field model. A second model analyzes a hypothesized global remapping mecha-
nism, in which grid cell firing is used as feed forward input to place cells. Grid
cells have multiple firing fields in the same environment, arranged in a hexagonal
grid. Grid cells can be used in a model as feed forward inputs to place cells to produce place fields. In these grid-to-place cell models, shifts in the grid cell firing
patterns cause remapping in the place cell population. We analyze the capacity of
such a system to create sets of separated patterns, i.e. how many different spatial
codes can be generated. The limiting factor are the synapses connecting grid cells
to place cells. To assess their capacity, we produce different place codes in place
and grid cell populations, by shuffling place field positions and shifting grid fields
of grid cells. Then we use Hebbian learning to increase the synaptic weights be-
tween grid and place cells for each set of grid and place code. The capacity limit
is reached when synaptic interference makes it impossible to produce a place code
with sufficient spatial acuity from grid cell firing. Additionally, it is desired to
also maintain the place fields compact, or sparse if seen from a coding standpoint.
Of course, as more environments are stored, the sparseness is lost. Interestingly,
place cells lose the sparseness of their firing fields much earlier than their spatial
acuity.
For the sequence replay model we are able to increase capacity in a simulated
recurrent network by including an inhibitory population. We show that even
in this more complicated case, capacity is improved. We observe oscillations in
the average activity of both excitatory and inhibitory neuron populations. The
oscillations get stronger at the capacity limit. In addition, at the capacity limit,
rather than observing a sudden failure of replay, we find sequences are replayed
transiently for a couple of time steps before failing. Analyzing the remapping
model, we find that, as we store more spatial codes in the synapses, first the
sparseness of place fields is lost. Only later do we observe a decay in spatial
acuity of the code. We found two ways to maintain sparse place fields while
achieving a high capacity: inhibition between place cells, and partitioning the
place cell population so that learning affects only a small fraction of them in
each environment. We present scaling predictions that suggest that hundreds of
thousands of spatial codes can be produced by this pattern separation mechanism.
The effect inhibition has on the replay model is two-fold. Capacity is increased, and
the graceful transition from full replay to failure allows for higher capacities when
using short sequences. Additional mechanisms not explored in this model could
be at work to concatenate these short sequences, or could perform more complex operations on them. The interplay of excitatory and inhibitory populations gives
rise to oscillations, which are strongest at the capacity limit. The oscillation
draws a picture of how a memory mechanism can cause hippocampal oscillations
as observed in experiments. In the remapping model we showed that sparseness of
place cell firing is constraining the capacity of this pattern separation mechanism.
Grid codes outperform place codes regarding spatial acuity, as shown in Mathis et
al. (2012). Our model shows that the grid-to-place transformation is not harnessing
the full spatial information from the grid code in order to maintain sparse place
fields. This suggests that the two codes are independent, and communication
between the areas might be mostly for synchronization. High spatial acuity seems
to be a specialization of the grid code, while the place code is more suitable for
memory tasks.
In a detailed model of hippocampal replay we show that feedback inhibition can
increase the number of sequences that can be replayed. The effect of inhibition
on capacity is determined using a meanfield model, and the results are verified
with numerical simulations of the full network. Transient replay is found at the
capacity limit, accompanied by oscillations that resemble sharp wave ripples in
hippocampus. In a second model
Hippocampal replay of neuronal activity is linked to memory consolidation and
mental exploration. Furthermore, replay is a potential neural correlate of episodic
memory. To model hippocampal sequence replay, recurrent neural networks are
used. Memory capacity of such networks is of great interest to determine their
biological feasibility. And additionally, any mechanism that improves capacity has
explanatory power. We investigate two such mechanisms.
The first mechanism to improve capacity is global, unspecific feedback inhibition
for the recurrent network. In a simplified meanfield model we show that capacity
is indeed improved.
The second mechanism that increases memory capacity is pattern separation. In
the spatial context of hippocampal place cell firing, global remapping is one way
to achieve pattern separation. Changes in the environment or context of a task
cause global remapping. During global remapping, place cell firing changes in unpredictable ways: cells shift their place fields, or fully cease firing, and formerly
silent cells acquire place fields. Global remapping can be triggered by subtle
changes in grid cells that give feed-forward inputs to hippocampal place cells.
We investigate the capacity of the underlying synaptic connections, defined as the
number of different environments that can be represented at a given spatial acuity.
We find two essential conditions to achieve a high capacity and sparse place fields:
inhibition between place cells, and partitioning the place cell population so that
learning affects only a small fraction of them in each environments. We also find
that sparsity of place fields is the constraining factor of the model rather than
spatial acuity. Since the hippocampal place code is sparse, we conclude that the
hippocampus does not fully harness the spatial information available in the grid
code. The two codes of space might thus serve different purposes.
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Al-Motairi, Hessah. "Models for investment capacity expansion." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/232/.
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The objective of this thesis is to develop and analyse two stochastic control problems arising in the context of investment capacity expansion. In both problems the underlying market fluctuations are modelled by a geometric Brownian motion. The decision maker’s aim is to determine admissible capacity expansion strategies that maximise appropriate expected present-value performance criteria. In the first model, capacity expansion has price/demand impact and involves proportional costs. The resulting optimisation problem takes the form of a singular stochastic control problem. In the second model, capacity expansion has no impact on price/demand but is associated with fixed as well as proportional costs, thus resulting in an impulse control problem. Both problems are completely solved and the optimal strategies are fully characterised. In particular, the value functions are constructed explicitly as suitable classical solutions to the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations
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Fennema, Julian A. "Transition, investment and capacity utilisation." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/271.
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Hanly, Stephen Vaughan. "Information capacity of radio networks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282842.
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Chen, Samantha, and Pontus Jaldegren. "Grid Capacity and Upgrade Costs." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-228742.
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The aim of the study is to analyze the possibility of how and where wind farms should be integrated on the electrical grid. The challenges mainly concern grid capacity and transmission losses. Economic factors will be regarded as well. To fulfill the aim, the Skellefteälven river in Sweden is selected as study object. A regional grid along the river is thereupon simulated with regards to five existing hydro power plants, four electrical consumption points, and the national grid. Additionally, four wind farms are placed on probable sites around the grid. Considering the large amount of data to be calculated in this study, a grid model assembled through numerical analysis in MATLAB is henceforth deemed optimal. Through load flow simulation, the voltage variations and power losses are calculated. Hence, the costs of the losses is found. The investment costs for upgrading the grid are also determined. As the results show, an upgrade of the electrical grid certainly requires a relatively large investment sum. Nevertheless, the return of the project will eventually surpass the initial costs. Accordingly, there are economic benefits of investing in upgrading the grid capacity.Syftet med studien är att analysera möjligheten till hur och var vindkraftsparker borde integreras i elnätet. Utmaningarna rör främst nätkapacitet och ledningsförluster. Ekonomiska faktorer kommer även att undersökas. För att uppnå syftet bedrivs en fallstudie, där Skellefteälven väljs som studieområde. Ett regionalnät är utformat längs älven med hänsyn till fem existerande vattenkraftverk, fyra valda konsumtionsnoder och stamnätet. Utöver dessa placeras även fyra vindkraftsparker ut på lämpliga ställen. Med tanke på hur mycket data som behandlas vid beräkningarna simuleras därför nätet med hjälp av numerisk analys i MATLAB. Genom att köra effektflödesberäkningar räknas spänningsvariationer och effektförluster fram. Därifrån kan kostnader för ledningsförluster tas fram. Vidare framtas även investeringskostnader för uppgradering av nätet. Resultaten visar att en uppgradering kräver en relativt stor investeringssumma. Däremot kommer inkomsten efter en genomförd uppgradering tillslut att överstiga initialkostnaden. Därav finns det ekonomiska fördelar med att investera i en ökad nätkapacitet.
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Spear, Donald W. "Hausdorff, Packing and Capacity Dimensions." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330990/.
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In this thesis, Hausdorff, packing and capacity dimensions are studied by evaluating sets in the Euclidean space R^. Also the lower entropy dimension is calculated for some Cantor sets. By incorporating technics of Munroe and of Saint Raymond and Tricot, outer measures are created. A Vitali covering theorem for packings is proved. Methods (by Taylor and Tricot, Kahane and Salem, and Schweiger) for determining the Hausdorff and capacity dimensions of sets using probability measures are discussed and extended. The packing pre-measure and measure are shown to be scaled after an affine transformation.
A Cantor set constructed by L.D. Pitt is shown to be dimensionless using methods developed in this thesis. A Cantor set is constructed for which all four dimensions are different. Graph directed constructions (compositions of similitudes follow a path in a directed graph) used by Mauldin and Willjams are presented. Mauldin and Williams calculate the Hausdorff dimension, or, of the object of a graph directed construction and show that if the graph is strongly connected, then the a—Hausdorff measure is positive and finite. Similar results will be shown for the packing dimension and the packing measure. When the graph is strongly connected, there is a constant so that the constant times the Hausdorff measure is greater than or equal to the packing measure when a subset of the realization is evaluated. Self—affine Sierpinski carpets, which have been analyzed by McMullen with respect to their Hausdorff dimension and capacity dimension, are analyzed with respect to their packing dimension. Conditions under which the Hausdorff measure of the construction object is positive and finite are given.
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Maras, Melissa Ann. "Building Evaluation Capacity in Schools." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1215117424.
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HARROD, STEVEN S. "RAILWAY CAPACITY MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1186181286.
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Stavros, Jacqueline M. "Capacity Building: An Appreciative Approach." Case Western Reserve University Doctor of Management / OhioLINK, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=casedm1560435084090361.
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Davis, Emily L. "Saprotrophic Capacity of Endophytic Fungi." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9179.
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Endophytic fungi inhabit the living tissue of a host plant for at least a portion of their life cycle. While some researchers have shown that various endophytic fungi participate in litter decomposition, we do not know whether such fungi are actually saprotrophic, meaning that they can obtain energy from litter. Therefore, I determined if endophytic fungi are saprotrophs using leaf litter as the energy source. All 49 tested isolates were found to be saprotrophic. To compare the saprotrophic capacities of fungi from different habitats, which produce different types of litter, a universal litter proxy needs to be used. I hypothesized that pure cellulose would be an adequate proxy for litter for in vitro studies because of its abundance in litter. This was tested in the first study. Saprotrophic capacity on pure cellulose was not highly correlated with that on leaf litter. I conclude, therefore, that cellulose may not be a good proxy for leaf litter. Some endophytic fungi are biotrophs, presumably acquiring energy from photosynthate produced by the host plant. This suggests that the level of exposure to sunlight by the plant should influence the competitive ability of such fungi. If saprotrophic endophytic fungi do exist, they ought to be less competitive against biotrophic endophytic fungi in leaves receiving full sunlight than in shaded leaves. I, therefore, hypothesized that the frequency of saprotrophy will be influenced by the level of sun exposure of the leaf from which the fungi were isolated. This was tested in the second study. Moreover, because closely related organisms ought to be more similar to each other than more distantly related organisms, I also hypothesized that saprotrophic capacity has a strong phylogenetic component, which was also tested in the second study. Unexpectedly, isolate identity within genus accounted for far more variability in saprotrophic capacity than genus identity, and sun exposure did not have a significant effect on saprotrophy. These results suggest that saprotrophic capacity may not be highly consequential in the ecology of these organisms.
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Abdalaziz, Mohamed. "Measuring taxable capacity in Libya." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2012. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/665/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis measures the tax effort and taxable capacity in Libya and examines an important research question: " Has the tax burden reached the level of full tax capacity in Libya?". The main motivation of the study is the need to diversify the sources of the Libyan economy. To this end the thesis presents a conceptual framework for tax burden, excess of tax burden, theory of optimal taxation, concept of taxable capacity, concept of tax effort. The framework is used to reviews the developments of the Libyan economy and the impact on tax effort. The thesis has explored several aspect of tax performance in Libya. First, it analyses the trends of public revenues, public revenues, public spending in final stances of the government. Second, it studies the tax structure and the relative importance of tax sources through the analysis of marginal propensity to tax and the income elasticity of taxes. Third, it examines the evolution of Libya's tax system particularly the income tax system. Finally, various econometrics models such OLS regression, Ordinary ridge regression, and Unbiased ridge regression are used to measure the tax performance such as tax burden, tax effort and tax capacity using time series data covering 1970 to 2000, and panel data covering 2001 to 2007. A fixed and random effect model are used to compare if the determinants of Libya’s tax efforts differs from that of a range of selected oil producing countries. These countries are: Algeria, Argentina, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Cameroon, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ecuador, Egypt, Emirates, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Indonesia, Iran, Kenya, Kuwait, Lesotho, Libya, Mauritania, Nigeria, Oman, Peru, Saudi, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe. This research consists of seven chapters: Chapter One provides a background; Chapter Two provides the literature review; Chapter Three 4 gives a brief overview of the development of the Libyan economy, while in Chapter Four there is a description of the public finances in Libya; this is followed in Chapter Five by a review of the tax system in Libya; Chapter Six presents the study’s analyses and findings; Chapter Seven provides the conclusions and recommendations. The main findings of this research are: First, in Libya, tax burden per capita is high; Second, the tax bases in Libya were narrow reflecting the government's heavy reliance on oil revenue; Third, the level of taxable capacity in Libya is also low compared to the selected oil producing countries for a variety of reasons, including: narrow tax bases, failure to diversify the tax sources, and the public sector being subject to tax. The argument is presented that the Libyan economy has reached the full utilization of its taxable capacity. In addition, the study found that the following factors have a major positive impact on Libya's taxable capacity and tax effort: the national product of the service sector, money supply, level of business freedom, level of economic freedom, currency in circulation and tax penalties. In contrast, two factors are found to be negatively affecting the taxable capacity and tax effort in Libya: non-oil exports, oil revenues. The contributions of this study to the literature are twofold: first, this is the first of its kind to provide comprehensive analyses of Libya’s tax performance; Second, it has added some new variables such as oil revenues, non-oil exports, currency in circulation, money supply(M1), and tax penalties in testing the determinants of tax effort into the model built by previous researchers. Finally, the research results shed lights on how Libya government may diversify the Libyan economy and encourage growth in the non-oil private sector through proper taxation mechanisms.
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Rochau, Normen. "Capacity constraints in public transportation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/14300.
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The capacities of public transportation systems are limited in several ways: Among other limitations, there exist only a finite number of vehicles, space inside the vehicles is limited, and space inside the stations is limited. In this thesis a transit assignment model is used, where vehicle capacities are explicitly taken into account in the strategy choice model. The basic assumption of the model is that passengers know in advance, which parts of the network will be congested. Passengers take the possibility of failure to board a vehicle into account before they start their journey. In the model passengers use strategies instead of routes. A framework for strategy costs is developed, which is based on random variables. This way it is possible for the first time to take into account the passenger's averseness to travel time variability in a public transport assignment model. Furthermore, strategy cost functions are developed that reflect limited information and bounded rationality of passengers. Finally, cost functions that reflect the use of portable journey planners are analyzed. The assignment model is analyzed in detail on a small bottleneck network. The results show that the model reacts as expected in all cases. In the model the peak of passenger arrival times on the origin stop is earlier if there is more demand, which is a result that is hard to reproduce in models that do not have explicit capacity constraints. An improved method to model demand is developed. Instead of the original demand model, which is based on grouping passengers into groups before the strategy choice is executed, strategy costs are calculated first, and then strategy choice is executed. As opposed to the original model this method does not suffer from a discretization error and leads to stable results.
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Rajendran, Hari Kumar Weheba Gamal S. "Process quality and capacity planning." A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2040.
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Doyle, Thomas Martin. "Increasing state capacity through clans." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1957301341&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1269878919&clientId=48051.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.Includes abstract. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 23, 2010). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Nordin, Joakim, and Johan Rågmark. "Grid Capacity and Upgrade Costs." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214758.
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In this study the incorporation of a larger wind powerpark in an electrical system is studied. The study is based ona simplified version of an existing grid in J¨amtland, a provincein Sweden, and aims to analyse how to best integrate the windpower regarding geographical, economical and system stabilityfactors. The base system consists of five hydro power plants,four cities, four possible connections of wind power parks and aconnection to the national grid. The study is based on numericalanalysis in MATLAB using data sets of wind strength, powerconsumption in the cities and generation from hydro power plantsin the area. Four days, each representing a season, are consideredand compared to give an insight to how the wind power couldaffect the system during a year. It is shown that wind power canbe integrated in J¨amtland’s grid without affecting the systemnoticeably if building a grid based on 220 kV. For a 130 kV gridthe voltage level instability and losses are significantly increased.With the 220 kV system the voltage variations from the windpowers irregular production are heavily suppressed and insteadthe losses from increased currents becomes the restricting factor.When comparing locations for wind power parks it is shown thatit is more preferable with the wind parks located closer to thecenter of the system where the main consumption lies.
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Ganti, Anand 1975. "Mismatch capacity per unit cost." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9465.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 48).
The mismatch channel capacity per unit cost represents the maximum number of bits per unit cost that can be transmitted reliably across a channel under receiver mismatch conditions. It's reciprocal is the minimal cost of transmitting a bit reliably under these conditions. We derive lower bounds for the mismatch channel capacity per unit cost and discuss some of its properties.
by Anand Ganti.
S.M.