Academic literature on the topic 'Capacity and disability – wales'
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Journal articles on the topic "Capacity and disability – wales"
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Shah, Ajit, Chris Heginbotham, Bill Fulford, Natalie Banner, Karen Newbigging, and Mat Kinton. "A Pilot Study of the Early Experience of Consultant Psychiatrists in the Implementation of the Mental Capacity Act 2005: Local Policy and Training, Assessment of Capacity and Determination of Best Interests." International Journal of Mental Health and Capacity Law, no. 19 (September 8, 2014): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijmhcl.v0i19.251.
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<p>The Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) was partially implemented in April 2007 and fully implemented in October 2007 in England and Wales (with the exception of the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards which were implemented in April 2009). The government estimated that up to 2 million adults in England and Wales may have issues concerning their decision-making capacity (henceforth ‘capacity’), and these will included 840,000 people with dementia, 145,000 people with severe learning disability, 1.2 million people with mild to moderate learning disability and 120,000 people with severe brain injury. Additionally, the prevalence of schizophrenia, mania and serious depression are 1%, 1% and 5% respectively, and some of these individuals may also lack capacity. Moreover, up to 6 million family and unpaid carers are estimated to provide care or treatment for individuals lacking capacity. Furthermore, many other people who do not lack capacity may use aspects of the MCA for future planning.</p>
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Ellem, Kathy, Lesley Chenoweth, and Ruth Edwards. "Choosing the harder road: Naming the challenges for families in person-centred planning." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities 23, no. 3 (July 18, 2018): 397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744629518784154.
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Person-centred planning (PCP) has underpinned disability service provision in many Western countries for the past 30 years. For many people with an intellectual disability, family members are central to this process and are important allies in facilitating positive change. This article presents findings from an evaluation of a family resourcing and capacity building project in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Accounts from families show the merits of such work, but family efforts can be undermined by apathy and discrimination to disability from extended family, community and service providers. Asking families to be the primary support in PCP initiatives may potentially ignore the impacts of structural and psycho-emotional disablism on all family members. For families to support people with intellectual disability in PCP, there is a need to acknowledge and respond to the material, cultural and personal challenges for all family members in planning processes.
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Gabbe, Belinda J., Joanna F. Dipnall, John W. Lynch, Frederick P. Rivara, Ronan A. Lyons, Shanthi Ameratunga, Mariana Brussoni, et al. "Validating injury burden estimates using population birth cohorts and longitudinal cohort studies of injury outcomes: the VIBES-Junior study protocol." BMJ Open 8, no. 8 (August 2018): e024755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024755.
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IntroductionTraumatic injury is a leading contributor to the global disease burden in children and adolescents, but methods used to estimate burden do not account for differences in patterns of injury and recovery between children and adults. A lack of empirical data on postinjury disability in children has limited capacity to derive valid disability weights and describe the long-term individual and societal impacts of injury in the early part of life. The aim of this study is to establish valid estimates of the burden of non-fatal injury in children and adolescents.Methods and analysisFive longitudinal studies of paediatric injury survivors <18 years at the time of injury (Australia, Canada, UK and USA) and two whole-of-population linked administrative data paediatric studies (Australia and Wales) will be analysed over a 3-year period commencing 2018. Meta-analysis of deidentified patient-level data (n≈2,600) from five injury-specific longitudinal studies (Victorian State Trauma Registry; Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry; UK Burden of Injury; British Columbia Children’s Hospital Longitudinal Injury Outcomes; Children’s Health After Injury) and >1 million children from two whole-of-population cohorts (South Australian Early Childhood Data Project and Wales Electronic Cohort for Children). Systematic analysis of pooled injury-specific cohort data using a variety of statistical techniques, and parallel analysis of whole-of-population cohorts, will be used to develop estimated disability weights for years lost due to disability, establish appropriate injury classifications and explore factors influencing recovery.Ethics and disseminationThe project was approved by the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee project number 12 311. Results of this study will be submitted for publication in internationally peer-reviewed journals. The findings from this project have the capacity to improve the validity of paediatric injury burden measurements in future local and global burden of disease studies.
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Le Gallez, Isabelle, Keith J. B. Rix, Kartina A. Choong, and Helen Dewson. "Sexual rights, mental disorder and intellectual disability: principles and law." BJPsych Advances 24, no. 5 (July 20, 2018): 334–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bja.2018.32.
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SUMMARYPeople with mental disorder and intellectual disability have the same rights to sexual expression as other people, albeit that in some cases a lack of capacity may require curtailment of those rights and regard must be had to protecting the vulnerable. Furthermore, the formation or maintenance of sexual relations, or the attainment of sexual fulfilment, may assist in the maintenance or restoration of mental health or well-being. This article demonstrates how the courts in England and Wales, applying statute law and judicial precedent, are largely supportive of the rights of people with mental disorder or intellectual disability to make decisions about sexual expression, sexual relationships and related matters, notwithstanding some societal and staff attitudes that act to prevent them fulfilling their sexual needs and making decisions about sexual and reproductive matters.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Understand the underlying principles that apply to the exercise of their sexual rights by people with mental disorder or intellectual disability•Understand some of the obstacles to the exercise of sexual rights by people with mental disorder or intellectual disability•Understand the statute and case law that apply to the exercise of sexual rights by people with mental disorder or intellectual disabilityDECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.
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Wark, Stuart, Catherine MacPhail, Kathy McKay, and Arne Müeller. "Informed consent in a vulnerable population group: supporting individuals aging with intellectual disability to participate in developing their own health and support programs." Australian Health Review 41, no. 4 (2017): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah15235.
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Objective The aim of the present study was to explore the use of complementary consent methodologies to support a potentially vulnerable group of people, namely those aging with intellectual disability, to provide personal input. It was premised on the view that processes to determine capacity for consent, appropriately modified to account for individual capabilities and current circumstances, could facilitate meaningful participation in the development of personal health care plans of people previously excluded from contributing. Methods The present descriptive case study research was undertaken in New South Wales, Australia. A seven-step process for determining capacity for consent was developed, and 10 participants aged between 54 and 73 years with lifelong intellectual disability and health comorbidities were involved. A variety of assistive communication tools was used to support individuals to demonstrate their capacity for giving informed consent. Results After being provided with tailored support mechanisms, seven participants were considered to meet all seven components for determining capacity for consent. Three participants were deemed not to have capacity to give consent regardless of the type of support provided. Conclusions Three critical factors for facilitating personal involvement in decision making for individuals with an intellectual disability were identified: (1) defining consent specifically for the target outcome; (2) outlining the criteria needed for consent to be obtained; and (3) using appropriately modified alternative communication mechanisms as necessary. What is known about the topic? Self-determination is one of the fundamental principles of human rights legislation around the world and, as such, it is considered desirable to have personal input by individuals into the development of their own health care plans. However, this is not always considered feasible if the person comes from a group in the community perceived to be vulnerable to exploitation and viewed as lacking capacity to give informed consent. This results in the use of proxy respondents, who may not accurately represent the desires and life aspirations of the individual. What does this paper add? This paper examines the development and implementation of a targeted program to support individuals aging with lifelong intellectual disability to demonstrate their capacity to provide informed consent. Specifically, it outlines how alternative communications methods, tailored to personal needs and capacity, can assist an individual to both understand and then confirm their understanding of consent in order to participate in developing health care plans. What are the implications for practitioners? People with intellectual disability are now living longer and are increasingly at risk of serious health conditions. The development of long-term health management plans has traditionally not included individuals with more complex needs and moderate intellectual disability, but the present study shows that members of this cohort can successfully understand and consent to participate in health care decision making. By proactively supporting this process, community and healthcare settings may be able to directly facilitate contribution from more individuals, therefore better meeting the goal of person-centred support.
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Kable, Toby J., Angus A. Leahy, Jordan J. Smith, Narelle Eather, Nora Shields, Michael Noetel, Chris Lonsdale, et al. "Time-efficient physical activity intervention for older adolescents with disability: rationale and study protocol for the Burn 2 Learn adapted (B2La) cluster randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 12, no. 8 (August 2022): e065321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065321.
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IntroductionPhysical activity declines during adolescence, with the lowest levels of activity observed among those with disability. Schools are ideal settings to address this issue; however, few school-based interventions have been specifically designed for older adolescents with disability. Our aim is to investigate the effects of a school-based physical activity programme, involving high-intensity interval training (HIIT), on physical, mental and cognitive health in older adolescents with disability.Methods and analysisWe will evaluate the Burn 2 Learn adapted (B2La) intervention using a two-arm, parallel group, cluster randomised controlled trial with allocation occurring at the school level (treatment or waitlist control). Secondary schools will be recruited in two cohorts from New South Wales, Australia. We will aim to recruit 300 older adolescents (aged 15–19 years) with disability from 30 secondary schools (10 in cohort 1 and 20 in cohort 2). Schools allocated to the intervention group will deliver two HIIT sessions per week during scheduled specialist support classes. The sessions will include foundational aerobic and muscle strengthening exercises tailored to meet student needs. We will provide teachers with training, resources, and support to facilitate the delivery of the B2La programme. Study outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 6 months (primary endpoint), and 9 months. Our primary outcome is functional capacity assessed using the 6 min walk/push test. Secondary outcomes include physical activity, muscular fitness, body composition, cognitive function, quality of life, physical literacy, and on-task behaviour in the classroom. We will also conduct economic and process evaluations to determine cost-effectiveness, programme acceptability, implementation, adaptability, and sustainability in schools.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received approval from the University of Newcastle (H-2021–0262) and the New South Wales Department of Education (SERAP: 2021257) human research ethics committees. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals, and key stakeholders will be provided with a detailed report following the study.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number: ACTRN12621000884808.
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Series, Lucy. "On Detaining 300,000 People: the Liberty Protection Safeguards." International Journal of Mental Health and Capacity Law 2019, no. 25 (June 30, 2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijmhcl.v2019i25.952.
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<p>The Mental Capacity (Amendment) Act 2019 will introduce a new framework––the Liberty Protection Safeguards (LPS)––for authorising arrangements giving rise to a deprivation of liberty to enable the care and treatment of people who lack capacity to consent to them in England and Wales. The LPS will replace the heavily criticised Mental Capacity Act 2005 deprivation of liberty safeguards (MCA DoLS). The new scheme must provide detention safeguards on an unprecedented scale and across a much more diverse range of settings than traditional detention frameworks linked to mental disability. Accordingly, the LPS are highly flexible, and grant detaining authorities considerable discretion in how they perform this safeguarding function. This review outlines the background to the 2019 amendments to the MCA, and contrasts the LPS with the DoLS. It argues that although the DoLS were in need of reform, the new scheme also fails to deliver adequate detention safeguards, and fails to engage with the pivotal question: what are these safeguards for?</p><p>Keywords: Mental Capacity (Amendment) Act 2019; Mental Capacity Act 2005; deprivation of liberty safeguards; liberty protection safeguards; article 5 European Convention on Human Rights; P v Cheshire West and Chester Council and another; P and Q v Surrey County Council [2014] UKSC 19; [2014] A.C. 896; [2014] H.R.L.R. 13</p>
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Flynn, Eilionóir. "Disability, Deprivation of Liberty and Human Rights Norms: Reconciling European and International Approaches." International Journal of Mental Health and Capacity Law 2016, no. 22 (February 23, 2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijmhcl.v22i2.503.
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<p><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Persons with disabilities are subject to unique forms of deprivation of liberty, often justified by reference to the need to protect their right to life, right to health, and to protect the human rights of others. This paper examines disability-specific forms of deprivation of liberty, particularly those authorised in mental health and capacity law, in light of their compliance with European and international human rights frameworks. It explores the apparent tension between Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which permits deprivation of liberty of ‘persons of unsound mind’ in certain circumstances, and Article 14 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which states that ‘the existence of a disability shall in no case justify a deprivation of liberty.’ The challenges in attempting to comply with both provisions are illustrated through reference to developments in England and Wales. This paper also seeks to offer a way forward for States Parties to both Conventions, in order to protect the rights of persons with disabilities.</span></p>
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Branton, Tim, and Guy Brookes. "Definitions and criteria: the 2007 amendments to the Mental Health Act 1983." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 16, no. 3 (May 2010): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.108.006577.
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SummaryThis article deals with the provisions for the lawful detention and compulsory treatment of patients in England and Wales. The 2007 amendments to the Mental Health Act 1983 redefine ‘mental disorder’ and ‘medical treatment’ and remove the classifications required for longer-term detention, abolishing the so-called ‘treatability test’ and introducing a new appropriate-treatment test. ‘Learning disability’ is brought within the definition of mental disorder but only if ‘associated with abnormally aggressive or seriously irresponsible conduct’. The exclusion for promiscuity, other immoral conduct or sexual deviancy is repealed; the exclusion for dependence on alcohol and drugs is retained. The revised definition of ‘medical treatment’ includes psychological treatment and removes the requirement that treatment is under medical supervision. The basic structure of the 1983 Act is retained. Use of the powers is discretionary. The principles of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 are imported into the decision-making framework through the wording of the Mental Health ActCode of Practice.
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Cockett, Norman. "Disability Working Allowance: what was the point?" Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 11, no. 3 (October 2003): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/vkza9852.
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Disability Working Allowance (DWA) was introduced in 1992 as a benefit to top up the wages of disabled people working 16 hours a week or more. This was the first major attempt, within UK social security policy, to help disabled people take up and remain in paid jobs. The formal evaluation of DWA suggested that the benefit had failed in a number of respects. The purpose of this article is to reflect on what was achieved by introducing DWA. The author looks at the stated objectives and other evidence about what was behind the policy, including the aims of those who lobbied government on ‘partial capacity’. The author was secretary to the Social Security Advisory Committee (SSAC) from 1988 to 1990 and subsequently worked with ministers on the development of DWA. The author aims to give some insight into the policy-making process, while respecting the confidentiality of advice given to ministers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Capacity and disability – wales"
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McVey, Julie. "The experiences of healthcare staff in using the Mental Capacity Act (2005) when working with people with a learning disability." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/10673/.
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The Mental Capacity Act (2005) (MCA) is part of the legislative framework of the NHS. Small scale studies in a range of health settings have shown that the understanding and use of the MCA (2005) varies considerably in different services and across staff of differing occupations and grades. The experiences of individual staff in using the MCA has received little attention. This grounded theory study aimed to explain how staff working with people with a learning disability (PWLD) make sense of and use the MCA, whilst also exploring the factors that influence applying the MCA in clinical practice. This study involved 11 healthcare staff from a specialist learning disability service that had used the MCA in the six months prior to their participation in the research. Staff interviews provided narratives about how they had used the MCA. A theoretical framework was developed from the analysis which underpinned three core conceptual categories. The first core category was that of ‘professional risk’ in which staff have awareness of a series of risks that pertain to themselves or the service user that could have negative professional or legal consequences. The second core category described ‘emotional risk’, which affected both the staff and service user. Staff appeared to experience those risks as feelings in the form of anxiety or concern. Both ‘professional risk’ and ‘emotional risk’ bring about ‘strategies’ which mediate the risk; allowing staff to justify and document their position, creating what feels like safe practice for both the staff and service user. Factors which facilitate the use of the Act are concerned not only with these risks but the significance of the decision that the service user has to make. The findings suggest that there is much uncertainty in the process of using the Act, some of which is due to the subjective nature of evidence gathering. The study suggests that peer support offers a range of factors important to education and development of experience in using the Act, along with helping staff cope with the outcome of decision making. The findings have clinical implications for those involved in managing difficult assessments and decision making, including how to gain an appropriate balance between risk and human rights against a backdrop of adversity that can be present for people with a learning disability. Further implications clinically and for future research, along with limitations of the study are also discussed.
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Field, Barbara. "Intellectual Disability and Society." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9390.
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The aim of this thesis is to outline the story of intellectual disability from a medical perspective as experienced by the author during more than 40 years working in the NSW Health system. Most of the writing over the last 30 years is from a sociological perspective after the idea of normalization changed the philosophy of care, and medical perspectives have been largely absent. The first chapter provides an introduction and historical background to the concept of intellectual disability. The story over the centuries is one of parallels and conflicts in the medical and sociological discourses. The second chapter examines the representation of intellectual disability both in the symbolic sense in art, literature and film, and the political sense as advocacy and human rights and the effect of the social rights discourse on processes of inclusion and exclusion. The third chapter is an account of the history of intellectual disability in NSW, Australia since colonization, and the impact of the social rights movement on changes of policy and provision of services. The conclusion looks at the future and the structure of the Ideal Society. The thread, which runs throughout these aspects of intellectual disability and unites the themes, is that of changing discourses. New discourses emerge as others are silenced and the same discourse can also have different meanings at different times in history. The ideas were presented as papers at international meetings of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disability (IASSID): Foucault’s Power Knowledge Model applied to Genetic Screening. (Helsinki 1996); Intellectual Disability in Literature and Film. (Seattle 2000); Prejudice and Identity in Intellectual Disability. (Montpellier 2004);Intellectual Disability in Literature and Film was presented at Health Illness and Representation, The Association for Medical Humanities UK meeting (London 2006).
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Wotton, Rachel Ann. "Sex workers who provide services to clients with disability in New South Wales, Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16875.
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Aims: Sexuality and sexual needs/desires of people with disability have historically been overlooked amongst the general public. Long standing social attitudes and stereotypes have fundamentally dictated that people with disabilities cannot and should not express their sexual agency. In particular, when people with disability have sought to express their sexual needs via the services of a sex worker, this has tended to provoke much social and political ire. This research is an exploratory study about sex workers who provide services to clients with disability. The aim of this research is to identify the nature and extent of such activities to produce empirical data to support anecdotal evidence and recent emerging research in this field. Method: This exploratory online survey asked sex workers who worked in New South Wales (NSW) to share their experiences of providing services to clients with disability. This included the frequency, type and range of services provided, location of service delivery and how clients made contact. Questions were asked regarding third party assistance and the identification of any barriers or challenges faced by sex workers. The survey also encouraged sex workers to share personal reflections on what they thought were the most positive aspects of their work. Results: The findings, from 65 respondents, indicate that sex workers in NSW have provided a wide range of sexual services to clients with disability across the state. The sex workers’ ages ranged from 21 to 61 years, identifying as either female, male or transgender. Services were provided in varied locations including brothels, massage parlours, private homes, hotels, nursing homes, the client’s hospital room or their client’s group home/ supported accommodation. Their clients’ disabilities were quite expansive, spanned both physical and cognitive disabilities and acquired and congenital disabilities. A number of issues and barriers were identified that concerned the client, carers, support staff and / or family and friends of the client. Forty seven sex workers shared their personal perspectives of what they considered the most positive aspects in providing services to clients with disability. Conclusions: The respondents’ narratives revealed their professional enthusiasm with interacting with clients with disability. This includes a desire to have further training and support to alleviate barriers and challenging situations that impede clear communication and supportive pathways between themselves and their clients. These results also contribute to an awareness of how decriminalisation can provide a supportive environment for this to occur. This study builds upon an expanding body of work that can be used to educate and influence the future development of training and awareness workshops for sex workers, disability services provider, clients with a disability, academics, policy makers and the general public.
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Hamilton, Arthur. "India and Intellectual Disability: An Intersectional Comparison of Disability Rights Law and Real Needs." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40282.
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Given its vast population, India has one of the highest absolute numbers of people with intellectual disability (PwIDs) in the world. Studies have placed the prevalence as high as 3.1% of children aged between 2 to 5 years and 5.2% of children aged between 6 to 9 years. India recently passed the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (RPwD Act), to align itself with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This thesis applied the complementary methods of the review of academic and grey literature, document analysis of the RPwD Act, and in-depth informant interviews to become the first full study on the extent to which the RPwD Act meets the needs of PwIDs. Drawing on the biopsychosocial model of disability and intersectional theory, the findings show that the RPwD Act only partially meets the needs of PwIDs. The RPwD Act does incorporate progressive elements such as affirmative action provisions in the labour market, measures to prevent unethical research on PwIDs, and steps toward inclusive education. However, the Act stipulates a disability certification process that remains mired in the medical model of disability and is mostly inaccessible in rural areas. It also continues the system of legal guardianship dating to the colonial era which deprives many PwIDs of legal capacity and leaves some of them confined to long-term institutions with highly inadequate levels of care. Other problems in the Act include inadequate provisions to provide privacy, reproductive rights and education, and protection from discrimination.
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Boahen, Godfred Fordjour. "Ethnicity, learning disability, and the Mental Capacity Act 2005 : a social constructionist ethnography of an integrated learning disability service." Thesis, Open University, 2013. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54718/.
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This thesis explores how the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) is operationalised within an integrated statutory learning disability service and examines how the legislation is manifested in everyday lived experience of an ethnic minority. In England and Wales, the MCA established a framework for assessing cognitive decision-making ability with mental capacity conceptualised as 'objective', 'rational' and person-specific. Taking as points of departure rationality and individualism which are associated with Western liberal democracy, the MCA evokes interest in how the notion of mental capacity is understood within different cultures. In the statutory context, with on-going heated debates about the epistemology of mental capacity, there is the need to examine how professionals concretise an arguably nebulous concept in their roles. These aforementioned issues are addressed in this thesis through examination of data collected during two phases of ethnographic fieldwork in a London local authority. Proposing a new relational model as a theoretical approach, it is argued that ethnicity, learning disability, and mental capacity emanate from human interactions; therefore, greater attention should be paid to context and localised meanings to better understand how they interact in everyday living.
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Blomqvist, Sven. "Postural balance, physical activity and capacity among young people with intellectual disability." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Sjukgymnastik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-71227.
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The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate postural balance, physical activity, physical capacity and their associations in young people (16-20 years) with intellectual disability (ID), mild to moderate. The aim was also to study the reliability and concurrent validity of postural balance tests. To evaluate postural balance, one assessor used five common postural balance tests and one new test. The tests were performed twice for 89 young people with ID (one to twelve days apart). Intraclass correlation coefficients greater than 0.80 were achieved for four of the common balance tests: Extended Timed Up and Go Test (ETUGT), Modified Forward Reach Test (MFRT), One-Leg Stance Test (OLS), and a Force Platform Test (FPT). The smallest real difference ranged from 12% to 40%; less than 20% is considered to be low. For the six balance tests, the concurrent validity varied between none to low. Falls are more common for young people with ID compared to young people without ID. One reason could be impaired postural balance. The postural balance for young people with ID has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, five balance tests and three muscle strength tests were used to compare young people with ID with an age-matched control group without ID (n=255). The young people with ID had significantly lower scores on most of the postural balance tests and muscle strength tests of the trunk and lower limbs. Muscle strength, height, and body mass index had no strong association with postural balance. The results also illustrated that young people with ID did not rely more on vision for their balance ability compared to peers without ID. It seems that postural balance is impaired for young people with ID when evaluated with common tests. An everyday situation is to react to unexpected balance disturbances to avoid falls by using different postural responses. Since young people with ID seem to fall more often than peers without ID, it is valuable to investigate if those postural responses are different between the groups. Therefore, young people with and without ID (n=99) were exposed to six backward surface translations and several postural muscle responses were evaluated: muscle synergies and strategies, muscle onset latency, time-to-peak amplitude, and adaptation. The responses of the investigated muscles – the gastrocnemius, the biceps femoris, and the erector spinae L4 level – were measured using electromyography. The results showed that there were no differences between the two groups with respect to synergies or strategies, muscle onset latency, and time-to-peak amplitude. An overall pattern was seen, that young people with ID adapted their muscle response slower in all three muscles than peers without ID, but this pattern was not statistically significant. Studies have shown that people with ID have impaired postural balance, a lower level of physical activity, and lower aerobic capacity compared to people without ID. The association is however not investigated. Therefore, postural balance (postural sway indirectly measured with the subjects standing on a force platform), physical activity (measured with a pedometer), and aerobic capacity (measured with a sub-maximal ergometer cycle test) were used to assess young people with and without ID (n=106). To investigate the subjects’ view of their own health, the subjects completed an adapted questionnaire that addressed their perceived health. The analysis showed no significant associations between postural balance, level of physical activity, and aerobic capacity. The subjects in the ID group, both men and women, had significantly lower aerobic capacity compared to subjects without ID. The answers from the health questionnaire did not correspond to the measured outcomes from the physical tests for young people with ID. In conclusion, ETUGT and MFRT can be used to evaluate change in postural balance over time in young people with mild to moderate ID. The low concurrent validity suggests that the postural balance tests probably challenge various subsystems. Young people with ID have impaired postural balance and perform lower on muscle strength tests than age-matched controls. Postural muscle responses after external perturbations seem to be similar for young people with and without ID, but the ability to adapt muscle responses after repeated perturbations appears to be slower for young people with ID. The studies in the thesis also indicate that young people with ID have reduced level of physical activity and lower aerobic capacity. The lack of association between the different physical functions indicates that they should be evaluated and exercised separately. Young persons with ID might have more difficulty realising the health advantage of being physically active, as they do not seem to make this connection. Because of this, it is important that parents/guardians, school staff, physiotherapists, and others encourage them to participate in physical activity.
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Read, Natalie. "Exploring constructs of capacity in learning disability contexts : power, protection and institutional practices." Thesis, University of East London, 2016. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/5398/.
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The Mental Capacity Act (2005) is a legislative framework designed to promote autonomy and support those who may struggle to make decisions for themselves. Previous research suggests that the implementation of the Mental Capacity Act raises a number of challenges for professionals (McVey, 2013; Walji, Fletcher & Weatherhead, 2014) and that applying the Act in learning disability settings may be particularly complex (Brown & Marchant, 2013). The concepts of ‘capacity’ and ‘learning disability’ draw on knowledge across legal, philosophical and psychiatric discourses, which may imply different practices for professionals. Semi-structured interviews were completed with eight professionals working in adult community learning disability services. A Foucauldian approach to discourse analysis was used to examine how capacity was constructed in professionals’ accounts of their experiences implementing the Mental Capacity Act. The discourses and subject positions available to professionals and people with learning disabilities were considered. Analysis of professionals’ accounts suggested that ‘legal’ and ‘rights’ discourses of capacity were oriented to. Knowledge of capacity was constructed as being limited to professionals, with families and service users often in need of further information on the Mental Capacity Act. ‘Legal’ and ‘rights’ discourses enabled multiple subject positions for professionals and people with learning disabilities. These positions allowed for both restrictive and empowering practices. Promoting subject positions of ‘personhood’ appeared to allow for alternative understandings of capacity, in which decision-making is an interdependent rather than independent process. This study suggests that capacity assessments are sites of tension between multiple discourses. Co-constructing meanings of capacity within services and across disciplines may allow for the development of best practice, and facilitate supported decision-making practices with people with learning disabilities.
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Goldsmith, Lesley. "Informed consent for pharmacogenomic testing in people with a learning disability." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/316.
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Informed consent for pharmacogenomic testing in people with a learning disability Background Advances in genomic healthcare will enable medication to be tailored to each individual’s needs, based on subtle genetic variations. This will result in individuals being asked to consent to genetic testing for this purpose. The recent political agenda for social change has emphasised the right of people with learning disabilities to have more autonomy and make their own decisions. There have also been significant changes in the way healthcare practitioners relate to their patients, with a shift away from paternalism towards shared decision-making. Research Aim The aims of the study were (1) to explore the information needs of people with mild to moderate learning disabilities with respect to pharmacogenomic tests and (2) to identify ways of facilitating informed consent. Methods An integrative literature review was conducted to identify research on informed consent to healthcare interventions in people with learning disabilities (Phase 1). Subsequent phases (Phases 2-4) of the study were conducted using an ethnographic approach. Phase 2 involved observation of six participants with learning disabilities undergoing a routine blood test consultation in general practice. This was followed by Phase 3, in which semi-structured interviews with 14 participants with learning disabilities were conducted. In Phase 4, three different methods were used: focus groups with carers (four paid carers, five family carers), an on-line bulletin board for healthcare professionals (five participants) and interviews with six key informants from the field of learning disability. Findings The data showed consent procedures were often inadequate and there was inconsistent knowledge of mental capacity law amongst health professionals. Provision of information to patients prior to a blood test was variable, but interviews with people with learning disabilities revealed the fact that this information may not be wanted by them. People with learning disabilities viewed pharmacogenomic tests as similar to other blood tests and would want access to them. The attitudes of paid carers and family carers differed in terms of decision-making opportunities for people with learning disabilities. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners, carers and people with learning disability need to be familiar with the principles of the Mental Capacity Act to facilitate valid consent in the healthcare context. Healthcare practitioners also need to be made aware of developments in pharmacogenomics if it is to become part of routine health care. Finally, this study demonstrated the value of qualitative research in exploring the knowledge and attitudes of people with learning disability.
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Bollington, Lynne Carol. "Pharmacy education and training in the hospital service in Wales : identifying demand and development capacity." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55505/.
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This study was initiated because of concerns that NHS hospital pharmacy departments in Wales had insufficient training capacity to deal with a predicted increase in training demand. The first aim was to develop an understanding of the need for the research, the second aim was to estimate training workload and capacity for work-based pharmacy training. The research then focussed on preregistration pharmacist training and first aimed to explore reasons for variations in training workload and then aimed to develop recommendations for practice that would optimise training capacity. Interviews obtained stakeholder opinion about the need for the study; a questionnaire obtained estimates of training workload and capacity; case studies were used to explore preregistration pharmacist training practices and a survey was used to develop strategies and recommendations for practice. Interviews and a group discussion were used to achieve a consensus about the adoption of the recommendations. All seventeen NHS hospital pharmacy training sites in Wales were included in the study. The study resulted in the development of twelve recommendations which were contained within three strategies aimed at optimising training capacity. The strategies were: ensure preregistration trainee pharmacists have appropriate levels of responsibility; ensure that the content and level of preregistration pharmacist training is appropriate; and ensure that effective use is made of existing training resource. If NHS hospitals in Wales implemented the recommendations for preregistration pharmacist training practices identified in this study, training workload should then be reduced and/or training quality maintained or improved which would lessen the impact of an increase in training demand on services.
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Johnsson, Genevieve Catherine. "Technology Delivered Disability Training and Support for Service Providers in Regional and Remote New South Wales." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20489.
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The rollout of individualised disability funding in Australia will result in an increased demand for services for Australians with a disability. Growing and maintaining a skilled workforce will be vital in keeping up with the increased demand for disability-related support. Continuing professional development is one way to build capacity, however face-to-face opportunities can be limited in more remote areas in Australia. Technology may provide a low-cost and widely-accessible platform for training and supporting rural and remote staff. The studies in this thesis are a realist evaluation of a novel webinar training and individual online support program to upskill a diverse range of participants including allied health, education and community support staff. Surveys and interviews were conducted to investigate what is it about the program works, for whom, and in which conditions. We found a statistically significant increase in perceived skills and knowledge, and confidence in working with children with autism from pre- to post-program, and this increase was positively related to the number of webinars the participants accessed. The mode of webinar access was predominantly via asynchronous learning (watching recording of webinars). These results were consistent across job roles and levels of remoteness. Synchronous learning via individual sessions was accessed by a small number of participants, mostly allied health professionals. Increased collaboration and access to autism-specific support were reported benefits of participating in the training program, while barriers for engagement included work load and scheduling. Occupational stress was found to be within normal limits across the sample and duration of the program. The technology platform was found to be accessible and acceptable. The results indicate that online technology may provide professionals in geographically isolated areas with improved access to learning and support that increases their skills.
Books on the topic "Capacity and disability – wales"
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Parliament, Great Britain. Mental Capacity Bill. London: Stationery Office, 2004.
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Parliament, Great Britain. Mental Capacity Bill. London: Stationery Office, 2004.
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Parliament, Great Britain. Mental Capacity Bill. London: Stationery Office, 2004.
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Parliament, Great Britain. Mental Capacity Bill: Explanatory notes. London: Stationery Office, 2004.
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Parliament, Great Britain. Mental Capacity Bill: Explanatory notes. London: Stationery Office, 2004.
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Ḥukm al-taṣarrufāt al-qānūnīyah li-fāqid al-ahlīyah: Dirāsah muqāranah bi-al-fiqh al-Islāmī. [Cairo?: s.n.], 1997.
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Muḥammad ʻAlī ʻAbd Allāh Sharafī. Ḥukm al-taṣarrufāt al-qānūnīyah li-fāqid al-ahlīyah: Dirāsah muqāranah bi-al-fiqh al-Islāmī. [Cairo?: s.n.], 1997.
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Commission, Queensland Law Reform. Minors' civil law capacity. [Brisbane]: The Commission, 1996.
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Huertas, Martín Ma Isabel. El proceso de incapacitación en la Ley 1/2000, de enjuiciamiento civil: Aspectos procesales y sustantivos. Granada: Editorial Comares, 2002.
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Ferrante, Massimo Luigi. La circonvenzione di persone incapaci. Torino: G. Giappichelli, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Capacity and disability – wales"
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McCulloch, Jock, and Pavla Miller. "Tuberculosis and Migrant Labour in the High Commission Territories: Basutoland and Swaziland: 1912–2005." In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 231–57. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_9.
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AbstractBasutoland came under British rule in the late nineteenth century. By the 1930s, the Territory’s transformation into a labour reserve for South Africa’s mines decimated its food production, impoverished its population and brought about a TB epidemic. The mines paid uneconomic wages and refused to pay compensation for occupational injury. In addition to those repatriated with tuberculosis or silicosis, the mines produced such a steady stream of sick and injured workers that mine accidents constituted the largest single cause of disability amongst men of working age.Swaziland was the smallest of the three protectorates. Land alienation to white settlers under British concessions meant that by the early 1930s, the territory produced only a fifth of its food needs. As in the other HCTs, tax collection and occupational lung disease posed serious problems. However, commercial agriculture and large deposits of asbestos generated local employment and foreign exchange and made Swaziland less dependent on migrant wages.In each of the HCTs, migrant workers faced even greater barriers in accessing compensation for occupational injury than black South Africans did. No circulars or instructions on the subject had been issued, miners were unaware of their rights, local officials did not understand the application process and travel to Johannesburg for medical examinations was not feasible for men who were dying. In all, the lack of medical capacity, the ongoing refusal to pay pensions to injured miners and the systematic failure to collect health statistics made the extent of the risk invisible. While the situation improved somewhat after independence, the mining industry continued to displace the burden of disability onto households and local communities.
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Gross, Douglas P., and Michele C. Battie. "Disability, Functional Capacity Evaluations." In Encyclopedia of Pain, 1021–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_1127.
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Clough, Beverley. "Care/disability." In The Spaces of Mental Capacity Law, 78–105. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351067881-5.
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Richardson, Jeremy J. "Control Capacity — England and Wales." In Environment & Policy, 253–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5106-1_10.
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Orsolini, Margherita, Francesca Federico, and Sergio Melogno. "Is intelligence a general mental capacity?" In Understanding Intellectual Disability, 34–63. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003220367-2.
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Pyaneandee, Coomara. "Legal Capacity and Access to Justice." In International Disability Law, 55–69. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429489426-4.
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Sebastiano, M. Di Katie. "Functional Capacity, Disability, and Status." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 903–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_1133.
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Clemson, Lindy, J. Rick Turner, J. Rick Turner, Farrah Jacquez, Whitney Raglin, Gabriela Reed, Gabriela Reed, et al. "Functional Capacity, Disability, and Status." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 817–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1133.
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Bickenbach, Jerome Edmund. "Determining Work Capacity." In The Palgrave Handbook of Disability at Work, 63–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42966-9_4.
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Clough, Beverley. "Spatial dynamics and disability." In The Spaces of Mental Capacity Law, 29–51. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351067881-3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Capacity and disability – wales"
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Guzmán-Castillo, M., S. Ahmadi-Abhari, P. Bandosz, S. Capewell, A. Steptoe, A. Singh-Manoux, M. Kivamaki, MJ Shipley, EJ Brunner, and M. O’Flaherty. "P81 Forecasting trends in disability in england and wales to 2030: a modelling study." In Society for Social Medicine, 61st Annual Scientific Meeting, University of Manchester, 5–8 September 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-ssmabstracts.182.
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Eccles, SR, D. Lentle, J. Morgan, C. Wright, C. Coslett, and A. Smith. "P17 Planning thoracic surgery capacity for lung cancer screening in Wales." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2023, QEII Centre, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, London SW1P 3EE, 22 to 24 November 2023, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2023-btsabstracts.169.
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Junior, I. Lombardi, LM Oliveira, CR Monteiro, YQ Confessor, TL Barros, and J. Natour. "AB0185 Evaluation of physical capacity and disability in osteoporotic women." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.624.
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Rahaju, Tjitjik, Asri Widjiastuti, and Galih Wahyu Pradana. "Stakeholder Collaboration: Strategies to Strengthen Disability Capacity Achieve Economic Independence in Madura." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Social Sciences (ICSS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icss-18.2018.38.
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Lira Dos Santos, Patricia, Soraia Micaela, Carina Silveira Mariano Nunes, Frederico De Melo Cruz, João Carlos Ferrari Correa, Ivan Peres Costa, and Luciana Maria Malosa Sampaio. "Functional capacity categorization of pulmonary fibrosis patients according International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) qualifiers." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.2882.
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Troshin, V. V., I. A. Umnyagina, and M. D. Rudoy. "WORK UNDER HARMFUL OCCUPATIONAL FACTORS EXPOSURE AND ITS EFFECT TO WORKABILITY OF EXPERIENCED WORKERS." In The 17th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2023). FSBSI «IRIOH», 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-1-4-2023-1-471-475.
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Working with harmful production factors (HPF) is accompanied by the risks of disability among probationary workers. Among the risk factors are the working conditions of patients, regulatory regulation of professional suitability, and the state of health of workers. The analysis of work capacity was carried out using the questionnaire «Work Ability Index» in 150 workers in the manufacturing industry and using a specially designed card in 235 patients with chronic occupational diseases. The obtained results indicate that the adapted questionnaire «Work Ability Index» is applicable for screening assessment of the work ability of those working with HPF, both in a hospital setting and in a polyclinic. 82% of HPF trainees had good or very good working ability. Patients with chronic occupational diseases lost their ability to work as a result of long-term work with HPF, and persistent disability with a high percentage of disability was noted relatively rarely, in about 10‑12% of cases.
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Costa, Ivan Peres, Soraia Micaela Silva, Roberto Stirbulov, João Carlos Ferrari Correa, and Luciana Malosa Sampaio. "Functional capacity classification of asthmatic individuals according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: a proposal of clinical use." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1180.
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Durutürk, Neslihan, Furkan Özdemir, and Melis Cayır. "Respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, resting oxygen consumption and resting energy consumption relationship with disability level caused by low back pain." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1202.
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Mills, David R., Graham Morrison, and Peter le Lievre. "Multi-Tower Line Focus Fresnel Array." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44080.
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As an alternative to conventional tracking trough systems, one may use line focus Fresnel reflector systems. Before the current Australian work, each field of Fresnel reflectors was directed to a single tower. However, efficient systems of very high ground utilisation can be set up if a field of reflectors uses multiple receivers on different towers (Mills and Morrison, 1999). This paper describes an Australian line focus system, called the Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) system and a project to produce an initial 25MWe solar array. The array will be used as a retrofit preheater for a coal fired generating plant. Future use of such arrays as stand alone high capacity factor powerplants in New South Wales are discussed.
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Lira dos Santos, Patricia, Soraria Micaela Silva, Tatiana Abade Ferreira De Araújo, Carina Silveira Mariano Nunes, Ivan Peres Costa, Mariana Silva Lima, João Carlos Ferrari Correa, and Luciana Maria Malosá Sampaio. "Functional capacity categorization of individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a proposal to use the qualifiers of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1196.
Full textReports on the topic "Capacity and disability – wales"
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Mori, Ipsos. Local Authority Capacity and Capability. Food Standards Agency, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.dvl526.
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The FSA has a key role as the central competent authority in overseeing official food and feed controls undertaken by local authorities. This supports the delivery of the FSA’s mission, food you can trust, and helps ensure food is safe and what it says it is. The FSA seeks to work in partnership with local authorities to help them to deliver official food and feed controls. Local Authority (LA) Environmental Health (EH), Port Health and Trading Standards (TS) teams deliver official food and feed controls using a range of interventions as set out in the Food Law Code of Practice (FLCoP) and Feed Law Code of Practice (FeLCoP). They are instrumental to the delivery of the FSA mission, across England, Wales and Northern Ireland to ensure consumer confidence and protect public health. Evidence from professional bodies, LAs and wider sources suggests that LAs are experiencing significant issues around the recruitment and retention of suitably/ appropriately qualified and experienced officers.(footnote 1) The FSA commissioned Ipsos UK to carry out this initial phase of discovery research to understand more about the barriers and facilitators encountered by LAs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland
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Birch, Izzy. The Effectiveness of Training in Building Capacity for Governance Reform. Institute of Development Studies, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4dd.2024.010.
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This rapid evidence review examines the effectiveness of individual training in building capacity for governance reform, focusing on state and democratic governance in middle- to low-income countries. The report reviewed both academic and grey literature on different areas of intervention that fall within the two broad categories of state and democratic governance. While evidence from the Eastern Neighbourhood was scarce, broader findings suggest that purposeful, problem-centered high-quality training is more likely to contribute to governance reform when sustained. However, the review acknowledges challenges in assessing training impacts and highlights gaps in addressing gender and disability considerations within training interventions, underscoring the need for tailored approaches to meet diverse needs and promote inclusive governance reform.
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Ahmed, Syeda, and Anannya Chakraborty. Policy brief: Teacher professional development for students with disability in the Asia-Pacific. Australian Council for Educational Research, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-708-3.
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Around the world, policymakers and development organisations are increasingly supporting the education of students with disability, particularly in the bid to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 – to ensure ‘inclusive and equitable quality education for all’. Yet globally, more than half of students with disability drop out of secondary school due to the lack of support in classrooms (UNESCAP, 2019). In the Asia-Pacific region, resource shortages and high student drop-out rates significantly impact the shift to inclusive education. Additionally, educational segregation of students with disability is widely accepted in low- and middle-income countries in the region, despite international evidence of improved academic and social outcomes for students with disability educated in inclusive settings. Developing teachers’ understanding of disabilities and building their capacity to implement evidence-based inclusive teaching practices and effectively use assistive technologies, are key to transitioning to inclusive education of students with disability.
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Williams, Janine, Maria Hameed Khan, Robyn Mayes, Trish Obst, and Benjamin Lowe. Getting on at Work: Progression and Promotion of Women with Disability in the Victorian Public Service. Queensland University of Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.241144.
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Overview of the Project Gender inclusivity and equal employment opportunities are key priorities for the Victorian Government. The Gender Equality Act 2020 (the Act) commenced in March 2021 and laid the foundation to improve workplace gender equality in the Victorian public sector. The legislation requires Victorian public sector entities to explicitly address intersecting forms of inequality and disadvantage. The research project aimed to centre the voices of women with disability to provide evidence-based insights into the enablers, barriers and inclusive practices shaping their career progression and promotion in the Victorian Public Service. The research team reviewed scholarly literature, analysed data extracts from the People Matter Survey (2021) and interviewed 49 women with disability from across the Victorian Public Service. Summary of Key Findings People Matter Survey Data 2021 Analysis of the People Matter Survey 2021 data extracts identified statistically significant insights. People who identified as having a disability analysed by gender identity indicated that: ● women and people who identified as non-binary and ‘other’ reported having a disability more often than men. ● women were more likely to use one or more flexible work arrangements. ● more requests for workplace adjustments were made by women, non-binary or ‘other’ gender identities and disability was often identified as a reason for requesting workplace adjustments. ● women and men reported low perceptions of workplace culture related to disability. This was significantly lower for respondents who identified as non-binary, ‘other’ or who preferred not to state their gender. Research Interviews with Women with Disability Interviews with women with disability identified three career patterns. Firstly, broadly inclusive, and positive career experiences. Secondly, broadly non-inclusive career experiences which led participants to feel unsure they had a future career in the VPS. Thirdly, most participants experienced a range of inclusive and non-inclusive career experiences which varied depending on the VPS employer or team in which they were employed. Overall, participants highlighted a desire for: ● the VPS to move forward with more consistency in how it enables the careers of women with disability across all roles and levels of seniority. ● the VPS to move away from putting women with disability in the ‘too hard basket’ towards developing a culture where disability inclusion is characterised by relationships and interactions that reflect ‘respect’ and ‘trust’. Eight themes draw together insights from the interviews with women with disability and identify experiences of the VPS workplace that can enable or create barriers to career progression: ● Sharing Disability Information ● Requesting Workplace Adjustments ● Disability Advocacy ● Team Relations ● Impact of Managers and Supervisors ● Mentorship ● Disability Leadership ● Policy Context and Application To build on the enabling aspects of women with disabilities experiences and remove barriers, the VPS should focus on fostering VPS workplaces where respect and trust are embedded throughout the broader culture. There may be value in identifying one or a small group of VPS employers to lead on developing the inclusive practices identified by participants. The inclusive practices identified by participants were drawn together into three key areas: VPS Managers and Supervisors; Psychological Safety; and VPS Policies and Practices. Respecting the agency of women with disability, their capability and capacity to navigate their career contexts, the report suggests three key areas women with disability may want to focus their energy and sources of support: seeking out mentoring opportunities, considering how they can advocate for their inclusion requirements, and exploring opportunities to share their career experiences with other women with disability.
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Gutierrez-Arias, Ruvistay, Ximena Neculhueque-Zapata, Raul Valenzuela-Suazo, and Pamela Seron. Assessing people's functioning through rehabilitation registries systems. A rapid scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0006.
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Review question / Objective: 1.- To systematize the available scientific evidence on rehabilitation models and rehabilitation registries systems, which allow for the assessment of people's functioning; 2.- To describe rehabilitation data registries systems used internationally and the "minimum data set" that relate to the functioning of persons. Eligibility criteria: - Population: Studies that have enrolled adult or paediatric patients, with any condition or pathology that could potentially result in low functioning or disability, related to impairments, activity limitation or restriction in participation, according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework will be included. - Concept: Studies that submitted data from a rehabilitation registry, bank, or database containing a minimum data set will be included. These registries may include clinical and administrative information that can be used to improve the quality of care, monitor or answer research questions. - Context: Studies that have been conducted in a context of rehabilitation programs and assessment of function or disability, at any level of care, and that have directly or indirectly addressed aspects or variables that can account for functioning, capacity, or participation according to the ICF framework will be included. The inclusion of studies will not be limited by their methodological design, since they will be used to identify rehabilitation registries or databases, so primary studies (cohort studies, case-control studies, among others) and secondary studies (systematic reviews, exploratory reviews, among others) will be considered.
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Carter, Becky. Inclusion in Crisis Response, Recovery and Resilience. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.079.
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This rapid review provides examples of what has worked to include people in humanitarian assistance who experience heightened vulnerability during crises, due to social inequalities and discrimination relating to gender, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity and/or expression, and sex characteristics; and religious belief . Overall, robust evidence is limited for what are, in most cases, relatively new areas of practice in challenging crisis situations. However, the literature does identify promising practices. Emerging themes from the research on what has potential for improving inclusion in humanitarian assistance include: affected people’s meaningful participation in intervention planning and design; whole-of-community approaches while maintaining accountability to the targeted beneficiaries; multi-component approaches combining complementary strategies (e.g. economic empowerment with social norms change programming); longer-term, pre-crisis investment in relationships with, and capacity building of, local organisations; and disaggregating data and undertaking intersectional analyses to include those hardest to reach.
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Sharples, Jonathan, Dan Bristow, Emma Taylor-Collins, and Eleanor McKillop. What Works Network Implementation Project. Wales Centre for Public Policy - Cardiff University, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54454/20220411.
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Building on our work to increase the impact of the What Works network across the UK, the Wales Centre for Public Policy won funding from the ESRC to work with Professor Jonathan Sharples at EEF and other What Works Centres to apply the latest thinking and evidence on implementation – how evidence is used in decision making – to the What Works network. What Works Centres face similar challenges on implementation, and the principles, evidence and strategies that underpin effective implementation are often transferrable across different fields. The project looked at developing a common infrastructure for implementation across the network, including shared language, models, guidance, tools and capacity.
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Jones, Cat, and Clare Lally. Prison population growth: drivers, implications and policy considerations. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pb58.
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England and Wales have the highest per capita prison population in Western Europe. In October 2023, over 88,000 people were imprisoned, in an estate with a maximum capacity of 88,890. This was the highest number recorded. 94% of people in prison are adult men and the adult male prison estate is almost full. The prison estate is operating at 99% of its usable operational capacity and over 60% of prisons are overcrowded. Drivers of the current prison population growth include changes in sentencing policy (including increased sentence lengths). Other factors include remand, recall, reoffending and policing. The number of people given immediate custodial sentences has fallen from 98,044 in 2012, to 67,812 in 2022. This suggests that the prison population increase is not driven by more convictions. Nearing capacity can have negative implications for the safe operation of prisons, and for the health, wellbeing and rehabilitation of people in prison. Government action to avoid exceeding capacity includes expanding the prison estate and releasing some prisoners up to 18 days early. As of December 2023, three relevant bills are progressing through Parliament: the Sentencing Bill 2023, the Criminal Justice Bill 2023, and the Victims and Prisoners Bill 2023. Each contains a range of measures, with some likely to reduce the prison population and others likely to increase it. Various stakeholders have proposed additional policy options, such as the greater use of non-custodial sentences, and interventions to reduce the remand and recall populations. Some experts in this field have highlighted the role of public opinion in relation to sentencing policy and the relationship between prisons and the wider justice system. Evidence suggests that the public generally overestimate crime rates and underestimate sentence lengths, and that better-informed members of the public are less likely to view sentences as lenient. More high-quality research is needed to better understand the drivers of increased sentence length and to evaluate health and rehabilitation programmes in the prison context.
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Idris, Iffat. Increasing Birth Registration for Children of Marginalised Groups in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.102.
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This review looks at approaches to promote birth registration among marginalised groups, in order to inform programming in Pakistan. It draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, in particular reports by international development organizations. While there is extensive literature on rates of birth registration and the barriers to this, and consensus on approaches to promote registration, the review found less evidence of measures specifically aimed at marginalised groups. Gender issues are addressed to some extent, particularly in understanding barriers to registration, but the literature was largely disability-blind. The literature notes that birth registration is considered as a fundamental human right, allowing access to services such as healthcare and education; it is the basis for obtaining other identity documents, e.g. driving licenses and passports; it protects children, e.g. from child marriage; and it enables production of vital statistics to support government planning and resource allocation. Registration rates are generally lower than average for vulnerable children, e.g. from minority groups, migrants, refugees, children with disabilities. Discriminatory policies against minorities, restrictions on movement, lack of resources, and lack of trust in government are among the ‘additional’ barriers affecting the most marginalised. Women, especially unmarried women, also face greater challenges in getting births registered. General approaches to promoting birth registration include legal and policy reform, awareness-raising activities, capacity building of registration offices, integration of birth registration with health services/education/social safety nets, and the use of digital technology to increase efficiency and accessibility.
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Theory of change: The Safer Gambling Movement. Addiction Recovery Agency, Beacon Counselling Trust, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33684/2021.001.
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Addiction Recovery Agency (Ara) and Beacon Counseling Trust (BCT) provide critical safer gambling education and treatment services for the West of England, North West England, and Wales. Their respective dedication to the safer gambling field and commitment to enhancing system integration led to a natural partnership between the two organisations. Drawing from Ara and BCT’s significant expertise, they partnered to develop a suite of safer gambling programmes. As the suite of innovative programmes grew, they recognised a need to articulate and share their leadership in transforming the safer gambling landscape in England and Wales. The Safer Gambling Movement describes Ara and Beacon’s leadership in developing a grassroots movement to build momentum for a national public health approach in Great Britain by first building this capacity in England and Wales. GREO was brought on as the evaluation partner to help create a theory of change to describe this work and lay the foundation for future evaluations.