Journal articles on the topic 'Capacitor'
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1
Chao, Yang. "Research on the Failure Characteristics of Porous Ceramic Capacitor Based on Numerical Simulation Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 1212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.1212.
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In the electronics industry, people has higher and higher demand for the performance of electronic products, but the requirement of volume is more and more small, it will promote the electronic products toward the direction of miniaturization. Porous ceramic capacitor is one of the most commonly used small electronic devices, but the capacitor thermal failure problem is always a difficult problem plagued capacitor design. This paper establishes the mathematical model of porous ceramic capacitors failure stress, and ABAUQS software is introduced to the failure simulation calculation process of porous ceramic capacitor, to establish the numerical simulation model of capacitor. Through the boundary conditions, the capacitor’s maximum failure stress are calculated, the failure force and the relationship between the thickness of dielectric layer and ceramic layer are obtained, which provide a new computer method for the design of porous ceramic capacitor and the study.
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Plesca, Adrian. "Considerations About Controlled Capacitors." Journal of Electrical Engineering 61, no. 3 (May 1, 2010): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-010-0027-2.
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Considerations About Controlled CapacitorsA new type of thermal controlled capacitor has been developed and studied. The capacitor non-linearity depends on the control parameter — temperature. At constant temperatures, the charge versus voltage curve is non-linear and has thermal inertia. Actually, it is a new method to modify the capacitors' capacitance using the thermal field as a command parameter and brings new technical solutions for protection of electrical equipment.
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Hardiyanto, Denny, Prabakti Endramawan, Ridho Nur Taufiqul Manan, and Dyah Anggun Sartika. "Arduino Implementation for Development Digital Capacitance Meters as Laboratory Measurement Devices." SinkrOn 7, no. 3 (July 2, 2022): 784–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v7i3.11456.
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Electronics Practicum in the Laboratory is a routine activity carried out to support student skills. Capacitors are one of the components that are often used in practice. Capacitors are one of the passive electronic components that have a magnitude value in the form of capacitance in Farad units. The capacitance value indicates the capacitor's ability to store electric charge. However, the value contained on the capacitor label is not necessarily the actual value because the capacitor has a tolerance range. Of course, this is very influential in the measurement and performance of electronic circuits that use capacitors. In addition, another factor that supports this research is that the available measuring instruments, such as the multimeter, are not yet equipped with capacitance measurements. Capacitance meters available in the market are still analog. The purpose of this study is to design a device that can measure the capacitance value of capacitors as a measurement device in a digital laboratory, namely the Digital Capacitance Meter. This device is made using Arduino Uno as a microprocessor for data processing. The method used is to apply the process of charging and discharging the capacitor. In this case, Arduino Uno activates a timer to measure the time required to charge and discharge the capacitor so that the Time Constant value is obtained. By using the formula T = 0.693RC, the capacitance value can be obtained. In testing using 3 different capacitors and 10 times testing on each capacitor, the accuracy of the device is 97.76% and a relative error of 2.24%.
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Butnicu, Dan. "A Derating-Sensitive Tantalum Polymer Capacitor’s Failure Rate within a DC-DC eGaN-FET-Based PoL Converter Workbench Study." Micromachines 14, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010221.
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Many recent studies have revealed that PoL (Point of Load) converters’ output capacitors are a paramount component from a reliability point of view. To receive the maximum degree of reliability in many applications, designers are often advised to derate this capacitor—as such, a careful comprehending of it is required to determine the converter’s overall parameters. PoL converters are commonly found in many electronic systems. Their most important requirements are a stable output voltage with load current variation, good temperature stability, low output ripple voltage, and high efficiency and reliability. If the electronic system in question must be portable, a small footprint and volume are also important considerations—both of which have recently been well accomplished in eGaN transistor technologies. This paper provides details on how derating an output capacitor—specifically, a conductive tantalum polymer surface-mount chip, as this type of capacitor represented a step forward in miniaturization and reliability over previously existing wet electrolytic capacitors—used within a discrete eGaN-FET-based PoL buck converter determines the best performance and the highest MTBF. A setup based on an EPC eGaN FET transistor enclosed in a 9059/30 V evaluation board with a 12 V input voltage/1.2 V output voltage was tested in order to achieve the study’s main scope. Typical electrical performance and reliability data are often provided for customers by manufacturers through technical papers; this kind of public data is often selected to show the capacitors in a favorable light—still, they provide much useful information. In this paper, the capacitor derating process was presented to give a basic overview of the reliability performance characteristics of tantalum polymer capacitor when used within a DC–DC buck converter’s output filter. Performing calculations of the capacitor’s failure rate based on taking a thermal scan of the capacitor’s capsule surface temperature, the behavior of the PoL converter was evaluated.
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Bărbulescu, Corneliu, Dadiana-Valeria Căiman, and Toma-Leonida Dragomir. "Parameter Observer Useable for the Condition Monitoring of a Capacitor." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 12, 2022): 4891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12104891.
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Monitoring the condition of electrolytic capacitors in practical applications is a topic that has been and remains the subject of much research. This article is part of research in this area. It develops a parameter observer (PO) and proposes its use for the determination of the equivalent capacity and equivalent serial resistance of electrolytic capacitors. The observer is an integral-open-loop type second-order system, the input of which is the voltage at the capacitor terminals measured during a two-stage capacitor’s discharging process through a variable resistor. The PO estimates the so-called time constant of the discharging circuit for each of the two stages from which values the capacitor’s parameters are calculated. The use of PO is illustrated for determining the output capacitor parameters of a buck DC–DC converter. The experiments were performed with two electrolytic capacitors with the nominal values 100 μF and 470 μF. Compared with other monitoring methods that use observers, the proposed observer is faster in tracking error mitigation, e.g., 10−3 s in comparison with 5·10−3 s or more. The low computational volume of the discrete-time PO allows the prospect of implementation in real time.
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Moya, Antonio Angel. "Charging a Capacitor with Another Capacitor by Using Arduino." Physics Teacher 60, no. 6 (September 2022): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/5.0031860.
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Resistor–capacitor (RC) circuit labs help students, but most courses don’t include them because of complications and cost. This work presents an easy and inexpensive Arduino-based lab on the charge and energy transfer between two capacitors with different values of the initial electric charge when they are connected through a resistor. Capacitors are electromagnetic devices widely described in calculus-based introductory physics courses. The concept of capacitance, the determination of the capacitance in planar and cylindrical geometries, the description of the series and parallel combinations of capacitors, or the evaluation of the electric energy stored in them are classic topics studied under electrostatic equilibrium conditions. Charge and discharge of a capacitor through a resistor is also studied in order to experimentally determine the capacitance of the capacitor or measure the electric charge stored in it. Energy balances in the charging and discharging processes of a capacitor are also widely discussed in textbooks. To get a better understanding of the basic concepts, other complex exercises are included in these courses. Among them, one can find the determination of the final charge and energy stored in each of the two capacitors, with different initial charge states, which are combined in parallel. In addition, the study of the charge through a resistor of a discharged capacitor by using a charged capacitor is also a classical exercise when one studies in depth the RC circuit. However, lab exercises covering these last topics are lacking in introductory physics courses. This is mainly due to the need to use complex experimental setups to simultaneously handle various power sources and various multimeters.
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Mobarak, Y. A., A. M. Hemeida, A. El-Bahnasawy, and M. M. Hamada. "Reactive Power Compensation on Egypt Electricity Network for Optimal Energy Saving." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 1 (February 16, 2019): 3699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2451.
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This paper introduces the load flow on the Egypt Electricity Network system. The effect of capacitor compensation has been studied from three points. First, the problem of the series capacitor compensation was considered. The second type of compensation considered is shunt compensation. Finally, a mixed of shunt and series capacitors compensation was implemented. The analysis results were discussed based on the maximum reduction in the generated MVAR. The load variation is accounted for by considering three different load levels classified as light, medium and peak load with pre-specified durations. When solving the capacitor placement problem, the number, size, location and control settings of the capacitors at different load levels were determined. The load flow program is solved by the Power World Simulator (PWS) software. The results of series capacitor, shunt capacitor, and mixed compensation were studied. The investigation has been done for single capacitor and multi-capacitor compensation. Both 500kV and 220kV overhead lines have been considered.
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Ou, Yu Qiang, Le Feng Cheng, Jian Zhong Wen, Xuan Yu Qiu, and Tao Yu. "Review of the Relationship between Harmonic and Parallel Capacitor Fault." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.507.
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The parallel capacitors are the most important reactive power compensation devices in power system, while the power system harmonic pollution is becoming increasingly serious in recent years, the accident that caused capacitors fault and damage by overload harmonic always happened. Based on this background and summary of the existing research results, thermal effect and performance index of capacitors are introduced, and analyzed the mechanism of interaction between harmonic and capacitor, then the effect and harm of running capacitor under harmonic conditions are elaborated, finally summarized the feasible measures for harmonic suppression and protection of capacitor devices.
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Xuan, Chen. "Enlightening Visualization of Charge on Capacitors and Capacitor Circuits." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2381, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2381/1/012073.
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Abstract The ideal parallel plate capacitor in general physics textbooks lacks electrostatic perspectives regarding how conducting surfaces are charged. The current textbooks somewhat neglect close connections between capacitors and electrostatics, leaving students in limbo when analyzing charge distribution on capacitors in circuits. This paper will suggest a new generalized model of the ideal capacitor and offer learners, mainly from the electrostatic perspective, a better train of thought in analyzing how charges are distributed on various surfaces in capacitor circuits. This paper offers a relatively complete review and framework of the ideal capacitor and can serve as supplementary reading material for general physics learners and instructors for in-depth explanations of fundamental topics unavailable in the current textbooks.
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Tone, Yuya, and Toru Tanzawa. "An Optimum Structure of Scalable Capacitors in 3D Crosspoint Memory Technology." Electronics 10, no. 22 (November 11, 2021): 2755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222755.
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Memory chips need large capacitors in their periphery to drive boosted word-lines and bit-lines for read and write operations. In a previous work, scalable capacitors were proposed for 3D crosspoint memory to keep the area for the capacitors constant over technology generations. This paper proposes the capacitance models of three types of wiring capacitors: (1) vertical capacitor, (2) vertical and horizontal capacitor with next-neighbor wires connected with the other terminal, and (3) vertical and horizontal capacitor with next-neighbor pairs connected with the other terminal. These models are based on Wong’s crossover capacitor model to determine the capacitor structure with the highest capacitance density in 3D crosspoint memory technology. One can determine the best structure through optimizing the process parameters such as the height H of the insulation material between the metal wires and the thickness T of the metal wires and the design rules such as the width W and space S of metal wires. The model accuracy was in good agreement with the measurement of twelve types of capacitor structures fabricated in a 180 nm 6 metal standard CMOS process with the maximum error of 20%. Contour plots of the capacitance density across H vs. S where it is assumed that W = T = S are shown. As a result, the boundary condition regarding H and S is determined per 3D crosspoint memory technology with three, four, or five levels of wires.
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Dmitrikov, Vladimir F., Alexander Yu Petrochenko, Vyacheslav M. Isaev, and Dmitriy V. Shushpanov. "Features of designing line radio interference filter in a wide frequency range, taking into account equivalent circuits for capacitors and inductors." Physics of Wave Processes and Radio Systems 23, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18469/1810-3189.2020.23.4.85-96.
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Based on the phenomenological equations describing the dynamic processes of magnetization of ferromagnets of inductors and polarization of capacitor dielectrics, taking into account complex frequency-dependent dielectric constants e(jw) of capacitor dielectrics and magnetic permeabilities m(jw) of inductor cores, equivalent electrical structural-parametric and capacitor replacement circuits were obtained. The connection of parasitic elements of equivalent electric circuits of capacitors and inductors with the electrophysical characteristics of the material of the dielectric of the capacitor and the inductor core, which determine their frequency properties, structure and parameters of the elements of the equivalent circuit, is established. The features of the design of line radio interference filter taking into account the parasitic parameters of the inductors and capacitors of line radio interference filter, found as a result of the synthesis of equivalent electric circuits of the inductors and capacitors in a wide frequency range of 150 kHz 30 MHz.
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Zhao, Tao, Yi Fan Liao, Zhi Ming Su, Rui Hai Li, and Yun Peng Liu. "Study of Capacitor Bank Fault Location." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 1213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.1213.
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At present, the operational parallel compensating capacitors can only through the protection action for the information, so we can‘t location the fault capacitor. In order to obtain every parallel capacitor running status information and according to internal structure and the operation mode of film capacitor, this paper proposed a method of locating a capacitor, which can eliminate the affection caused by the environment and measurement error of sensor accuracy effectively. So we can locate the fault capacitor in complex environments running on the site.
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Hamzi, Amar, and Rachide Meziane. "Cat Swarm Optimization to Shunt Capacitor Allocation in Algerian Radial Distribution Power System." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 7, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v7.i3.pp143-152.
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This paper presents a Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) Algorithm optimization method to shunt capacitor placement on distribution systems under capacitor switching constraints. The optimum capacitor allocation solution is found for the system of feeders fed through their transformer and not for any individual feeder. The main advantages due to capacitor installation, such as capacity release and reduction of overall power and energy losses are considered. The capacitor allocation constraints due to capacitor-switching transients are taken into account. These constraints are extremely important if pole-mounted capacitors are used together with station capacitor bank. Cat Swarm search algorithm is used as an optimization tool. An illustrative example for Algerian example is presented.
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Shimizu, Rinon, Ryuki Hanazawa, and Naoyuki Morita. "Influence and Effect of Pyrolysis with Additives in Tantalum Capacitors." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 13, no. 4 (2022): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2022.13.4.1384.
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In recent years, the demand for tantalum capacitors has been increasing due to the miniaturization of electronic devices. Tantalum capacitors, which use the rare metal tantalum as the capacitor element, are used in electronic devices such as cell phones because they are smaller and have a higher capacity than conventional capacitors. In Japan, there are reports that minerals containing rare elements are being extracted from discarded electronic and electrical equipment to produce medals for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. In Japan, many used electrical products containing rare elements are discarded, and these metals are called urban mines. The tantalum contained in tantalum capacitors accounts for 40% of the total mass of the sintered material and is expected to be recycled from discarded products. However, tantalum capacitors are covered with a hard mold resin of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin, which is chemically and physically stable. However, due to its nature, ABS resin is difficult to destroy and has not been recycled. In this study, hydrotalcite (HT) (Mg6Al2(OH)16CO3・MH2O) was used to extract tantalum from the sintered tantalum capacitor by pyrolysis. HT was added to the tantalum capacitor and placed in a metal reactor and subjected to pyrolysis at 550℃ in nitrogen to determine if the sintered tantalum was susceptible to fracture. It is presumed that the bromine gas generated from the ABS resin of the tantalum capacitor was trapped by the HT and the mold resin of the capacitor became residual carbon.
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Li, Yichen, Zhiqiang Rao, Ziyi Li, and Lu Ding. "Research on Fault Location Method of Track Circuit Compensation Capacitor Based on Probabilistic Neural Network." Architecture Engineering and Science 3, no. 2 (June 7, 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/aes.v3i2.822.
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Compensation capacitor is an important component for extending the signal transmission of track circuit, and its safe operation is very important to the transportation business of rail transit. According to the difficulty of diagnosing the fault of compensation capacitor, a fault location model of compensation capacitor based on probabilistic neural network is established. Firstly, the influence of compensation capacitors on the current curve is analyzed from the two aspects of the failure reasons of compensation capacitors and the influence on signal transmission. Then, according to the parameters of the track circuit, the important characteristic parameters affecting the compensation capacitors are screened. According to 4 different failure modes, a fault diagnosis model based on probabilistic neural network is constructed, and the BP neural network model is selected as the comparison experiment. The results show that the compensation capacitor fault location model based on probabilistic neural network has higher relative prediction accuracy and the shortest time.
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Das, Rabindra N., Konstantinos I. Papathomas, John M. Lauffer, Mark D. Poliks, and Voya R. Markovich. "Manufacturing Substrates with Embedded Passives." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, DPC (January 1, 2011): 002011–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2011dpc-wp46.
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Passives account for a very large part of today's electronic assemblies. This is particularly true for digital products such as cellular phones, camcorders, computers and several critical defense devices. This paper presents an entire process from design and fabrication to electrical characterization and reliability test of embedded passives on organic multilayered substrates. A variety of thin film capacitor and resistors were utilized to manufacture high-performance embedded passives. The electrical properties of capacitors fabricated from polymer-ceramic nanocomposites showed a stable capacitance and low loss over a wide temperature range. We have designed and fabricated several printed wiring board (PWB) and flip-chip package test vehicles focusing on resistors and capacitors. Two basic capacitor cores were used for this study. One is a layer capacitor. The second capacitor in this case study was discrete capacitor. In both cases, capacitance values are defined by the feature size, thickness and dielectric constant of the polymer-ceramic compositions. Nanocomposite can be directly deposited either by liquid coating or screen printing. Alternatively, nanocomposite thin films can be laminated and capacitor laminate can be used as the base substrate for subsequent build-up processing. For example, Resin Coated Copper Capacitive (RC3) nanocomposites were used to fabricate 35 mm substrates with a two by two array of 15mm square isolated epoxy based regions; each having two to six RC3 based embedded capacitance layers. The capacitor fabrication is based on a sequential build-up technology employing a first patternable electrode. After patterning of the electrode, RC3 nanocomposite can be laminated within PCB. Embedded passive cores are showing high capacitance density ranging from 15 nF to 30nF depending on Cu area, composition and thickness of the capacitors. Reliability of the capacitors was ascertained by IR-reflow, thermal cycling, PCT (Pressure Cooker Test ) and solder shock. Embedded capacitors were stable after PCT and solder shock. Capacitance change was less than 5% after IR reflow (assembly) preconditioning (3X, 245 °C) and 1000 cycles DTC (Deep Thermal Cycle).
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Jones, Robert E., and Seshu B. Desu. "Process Integration for Nonvolatile Ferroelectric Memory Fabrication." MRS Bulletin 21, no. 6 (June 1996): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400046091.
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The remanent-polarization states of ferroelectric capacitors have long been of interest for nonvolatile storage of digital data. A simple memory array can be formed by perpendicular rows and columns of conductors with a ferroelectric capacitor at each crosspoint. In the simplest geometry, these conductors also are the capacitor electrodes on either side of a ferroelectric layer. Each capacitor represents one bit of digital data. If a voltage of V0 is required to write a capacitor, then data can be written to a specific bit by applying V0/2 and –V0/2 to the appropriate row and column. Such ferroelectric memory arrays were constructed as early as the 1950s. However, due to the breath of the ferroelectric transition, they were not successful because during the write of a specific capacitor, the V0/2 voltage signals disturb the polarization in other capacitors. This is in contrast to the successful use of the analogous ferromagnetic crosspoint arrays, which are familiar as the core memories of early computer technology.
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Badi, N., C. Boney, and A. Bensaoula. "Self-packaged Boron Nitride Capacitor for High Temperature Applications." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 1, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-1.4.217.
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In this work, we investigated applicability of boron nitride (BN) and boron oxynitride (BNO) thin films to fabricate multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) for high temperature and high frequency applications. Advantages of BN include high temperature and chemical resistance, which should result in more compact and reliable devices. Deposited BN layers by a filamentless ion source assisted physical vapor deposition technique show a high thermal stability up to 1000 °C and a very high breakdown voltage of about 600 V/μm. A 15 mm × 15 mm capacitor geometry was picked to create a simpler packaging scheme. Rectangular electrodes are offset and layered to build up the capacitor and a metallization technique is used to produce high temperature oxidation resistant Au/Ti tab electrodes. We have seen consistent results in terms of: stable capacitance values versus frequency from 10 kHz to 2 MHz; near ideal phase angle (low parasitic inductance); and high quality factors values. Laboratory prototype capacitors with operating temperatures (350 °C - 700 °C) far superior to the leading sintering technologies (< 200 °C) were demonstrated. The dissipation factor and the capacitance change within a temperature range of 700 °C are ~ 2% total and ~10 ppm/ °C, respectively. Results on thermal and frequency behavior of single and multilayers self-packaged BN capacitors are presented. We have begun testing the capacitor's performance under actual operating conditions, together with other (R and L) components in a working RLC circuit at elevated temperature, and our preliminary results are reported.
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Yin, Zhijian, Huan Qiu, Yongheng Yang, Yi Tang, and Huai Wang. "Practical Submodule Capacitor Sizing for Modular Multilevel Converter Considering Grid Faults." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (May 20, 2020): 3550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103550.
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Submodule (SM) capacitors are key elements in the modular multilevel converter (MMC), the design of which influences the entire system performance. In practical cases, SM capacitor sizing must consider the abnormal system operation (e.g., grid faults). In order to find a clear design boundary for SM capacitors, a practical capacitor sizing method is presented for the first time in this paper, considering the grid-fault-ride-through operation of the MMC, impact of MMC control system, and aging mechanism of capacitors. The SM capacitor rated voltage, capacitance, ESR, thermal resistance, and lifetime can be decided to ensure reliable operations of the MMC during grid faults. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified through experimental tests on a down-scale MMC system.
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Hiralal, Pritesh, Gemma Rius, Piers Andrew, Masamichi Yoshimura, and Gehan A. J. Amaratunga. "Tailoring Carbon Nanostructure for High Frequency Supercapacitor Operation." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/619238.
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The possibility of enhancing the frequency performance of electrochemical capacitors by tailoring the nanostructure of the carbon electrode to increase electrolyte permeability is demonstrated. Highly porous, vertically oriented carbon electrodes which are in direct electrical contact with the metallic current collector are produced via MPECVD growth on metal foils. The resulting structure has a capacitance and frequency performance between that of an electrolytic capacitor and an electrochemical capacitor. Fully packaged devices are produced on Ni and Cu current collectors and performance compared to state-of-the-art electrochemical capacitors and electrolytic capacitors. The extension of capacitive behavior to the AC regime (~100 Hz) opens up an avenue for a number of new applications where physical volume of the capacitor may be significantly reduced.
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Yan, Tian Xiang, Xiao Lan Xie, Xin Yu Chen, and Peng Niu. "Analysis of Thyristor Switched Three-Phase Capacitor." Advanced Materials Research 722 (July 2013): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.722.311.
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it can limit the reactive power transmission to improve the voltage quality of power grid by installing parallel capacitors for reactive power compensation. But due to presence of transient transition process during power capacitors switching, it will seriously affect the service life of power capacitors and the safe operation of power system if the switching process of capacitors is not properly controlled. Firstly, this article described the fundamental principle and switching conditions of Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC). Secondly, the selection of switching time was analyzed for Thyristor Switched Three-phase Capacitor (TSTC). Finally, the simulation for TSTC was carried out by using MATLAB to verify the feasibility of analysis.
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Li, Yong-An. "Synthesis for Butterworth Filter Using Compact VDTA Based on Sallen- Key Topology." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, no. 5 (September 22, 2020): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096512666191004123213.
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Background: The original filter including grounded or virtual ground capacitors can be synthesized by using the NAM expansion. However, so far the filters including floating capacitor, such as Sallen-Key filter, have not been synthesized by means of the NAM expansion. This is a problem to be researched further. Methods: By using the adjoint network theory, the Sallen-Key filter including floating capacitor first is turned into a current-mode one, which includes a grounded capacitor and a virtual ground capacitor. Then the node admittance matrix, after derived, is extended by using NAM expansion. Results: At last, one VDTA Sallen-Key filter is received. It employs single compact VDTA and two grounded capacitors. Conclusion: A Butterworth VDTA second-order frequency filter based on Sallen-Key topology with fo = 100kHz, HLP = -HBP=1, is designed.
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Li, Jinyu, Xiaoyan Lei, Zhongqiu Zuo, and Yi Xiong. "Vibration Model of a Power Capacitor Core under Various Harmonic Electrical Excitations." Energies 15, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051848.
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Power capacitors are widely used in power transmission systems. During their operation, an electric force acting on the electrodes of the power capacitors actuates mechanical vibrations and radiates an audible noise. Considering a power capacitor as a general system, the frequency response with the electric force as the input and mechanical vibration as the output have been measured by engineers in recent years and used to evaluate the acoustic and mechanical features of products. Accidentally, it was found that the frequency of the capacitor vibration was not consistent with its excitation due to electro-mechanical coupling. This electro-mechanical coupling had not been considered in previous vibration models of power capacitors. Therefore, a new vibration model of power capacitors was built up in this paper and a so-called multi-frequency vibration characteristic was revealed. A theoretical analysis showed that the electric force and mechanical vibration of the power capacitors were coupled, which resulted in the multi-frequency vibration. The vibration frequency response was measured and the result was consistent with the vibration model proposed in this paper. Once the frequency of the electric force was near half the natural frequency of the power capacitor, a predominant multi-frequency vibration was triggered and the power capacitor was in a superharmonic resonance.
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Bunel, Catherine, and Franck Murray. "Ultra thin, low ESL and high frequency performance of high density silicon capacitors." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2016, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 000060–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2016-tp26.
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Abstract The very high capacitance platform (now up to 900 nF/mm2) of the 3D Silicon capacitor technology presents many advantages for signal integrity, performance improvement, and miniaturization. In this paper, we will illustrate these advantages for communication infrastructure and high speed processors. The intrinsic IPDiA Silicon capacitors construction and the simplified equivalent electrical models will be compared with the multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) model. We will also demonstrate how the Silicon capacitors are better candidates for performance, miniaturization and integration thanks to their low profile. The thickness has been a limiting factor for ceramic capacitors and we believe that Silicon capacitors will help to address this profile challenge. On top of the competitive overview of performances specific to the Ultra Wide Broadband Capacitors - like signal integrity, frequency response, linearity, and dielectric absorption - the additional Silicon capacitor technology benefits will be detailed. Design recommendations will be given to those who want to optimize performance. Perspectives and roadmap for the future will be disclosed.
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Kobayakawa, Kiichi, Kosuke Muraoka, Hiroshi Sezaki, Seiji Ishikawa, Tomonori Maeda, and Shin Ichiro Kuroki. "Effects of CF4 Surface Etching on 4H-SiC MOS Capacitors." Materials Science Forum 924 (June 2018): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.924.465.
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Effects of CF4etching on 4H-SiC MOS capacitor were investigated. Fluorine atoms were introduced to surface of 4H-SiC using CF4dry etching process as a surface treatment, and 4H-SiC MOS capacitors with dry-oxide were fabricated with this treatment. As the results, breakdown electric field of the MOS capacitors was increased and variation of the characteristics became lower than that of MOS capacitor without this treatment.
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Zhong, Li Ping, Qi Min Gu, and Shui Ping Zhang. "Capacitor Voltage Balance Control for Diode Clamped Multi-Level Inverter Based on Charge Refreshing." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 2885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.2885.
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Unbalance of dc-link capacitor voltage is an key technical problem of multi-level inverter, this paper presents a novel method to solve it. According to the the new approach, a balancing capacitor is in turn connected in parallel with each dc-link capacitor in a sampling time, exacting charges from the capacitors with higher voltage and putting them into the capacitors with lower voltage.Thus the charges of all dc-link capacitors are refreshed constantly and the voltages can be kept balanced on the whole. This method only needs to add a simple hardware circuit and will not increase the complexity of modulation algorithm. In addition, the method is universal forN-level. Simulation experiments under several different conditions were made and the results verified the validity of the proposed approach.
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Laadjal, Khaled, Fernando Bento, and Antonio J. Marques Cardoso. "On-Line Diagnostics of Electrolytic Capacitors in Fault-Tolerant LED Lighting Systems." Electronics 11, no. 9 (April 29, 2022): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091444.
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As technology advances, the utilization of lighting systems based on light-emitting diode (LED) technology is becoming increasingly essential, given its benefits in terms of efficiency, reliability, and lifespan. Unfortunately, the power electronic components required to drive LEDs are unable to compete with LED devices in terms of lifetime. Aluminum electrolytic capacitor (AEC) failures represent the root cause of power electronic equipment breakdown, mainly through both aging and temperature effects. This highlights the importance of designing robust power converter architectures and control methods that allow the evaluation of the condition of electrolytic capacitors while maintaining the performance of converter controllers, even in the presence of capacitor failure. On this basis, this work proposes a novel condition-monitoring system for the diagnosis of capacitor faults on a fault-tolerant LED driver, which is able to deal with the specific architecture and low ratings of the most recent LED lighting systems. The fault-detection task applies the short time least square Prony’s (STLSP) approach to perform an online estimation of the ESR and C parameters, allowing the continuous evaluation of the electrolytic capacitor’s condition and, as a result, the prevention of total system failure. With regard to capacitor failure, the experimental results suggest that the condition-monitoring task is extremely effective, even when considering a limited number of data samples.
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Wang Qianqian, Liu Weili, Tang Minan, and Zhang Kaiyue. "Diagnosis Method for Multiple Compensation Capacitor Faults of Jointless Track Circuit." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 70, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46904/eea.22.70.3.1108002.
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The compensation capacitor fault of jointless track circuit has an important impact on the safe operation of high-speed trains. In order to solve the problem of multiple compensation capacitors breaking at the same time in jointless track circuit, a fault diagnosis method based on the amplitude characteristics of induced voltage envelope curve is proposed. Firstly, the shunt state model of track circuit is established, and the envelope curves of induced voltage amplitude corresponding to the disconnection fault of compensation capacitors at different positions are obtained by simulating analysis. Secondly, taking the distance between adjacent compensation capacitors as a step, the envelope curves of induced voltage amplitude corresponding to the faults of compensation capacitors at different positions are calculated, and the curves are segmented by according to the half step distance, and the eigenvalues of each segment are computed. Thirdly, the characteristic values of each segment are detected from the transmitter to the receiver to find the specific values, so as to realize the preliminary fault diagnosis of the compensation capacitor. Then, in order to make the fault diagnosis of compensation capacitor more accurate, according to the unique fault type, the slope is employed as the constraint condition for secondary diagnosis, so as to locate the fault capacitor position when multiple compensation capacitors break at the same time. Finally, by building a simulation platform and selecting the actual data of a road section, the proposed method is verified and compared. The results show that the algorithm can diagnose the position of the fault capacitor when multiple compensation capacitors on the track circuit break at the same time. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm is 99.04%, and it has high real-time performance.
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Sun, Lei, Qin Yuan Dai, Chuang Chuan Lee, and Gao Shuai Qiao. "The Analysis on the Parasitic Capacitors Effect of the Fully Differential Architecture of SAR ADC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 20-23 (January 2010): 342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.20-23.342.
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This paper presents an analysis on the parasitic capacitors effect of the fully differential architecture to provide common-mode rejection. The parasitic capacitors of differential comparator inputs has no effect on the resolution, however, the difference of comparator input parasitic capacitors may has great effect on the resolution. The relationship between the unity capacitor and the parasitic capacitors of the differential comparator inputs is analyzed by giving precise theoretical demonstration. Therefore, a theoretical basis is provided for designers to choose appropriate unity capacitor, process and layout in the design of SAR SAD with fully differential structure.
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Huang, Guoxing, Xianhuai Cao, Haozheng Wei, Pin Chen, and Zhiyuan Li. "Case study: A type of low-noise power capacitor based on combined microperforated panels." Noise Control Engineering Journal 70, no. 6 (November 1, 2022): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1/377045.
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Power capacitors of high-voltage alternating/direct current transmission systems have become one of the main community noise sources because of their large number and because they employ ultrahigh voltage and power. According to the broadband noise characteristics of power capacitors and based on the theory of combined microperforated panels, a low-noise capacitor with broadband sound absorption is designed and machined. Noise comparison tests were conducted between the modified and conventional capacitors in a semi-anechoic chamber. The results indicate that the proposed low-noise capacitor with combined microperforated panels provides a good alternative for low-noise design of power capacitors.
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Yota, Jiro. "Characterization of ALD Ta2O5, Al2O3, and Ta2O5/Al2O3 Nanolaminate as Metal-Insulator-Metal Capacitor Dielectric for GaAs HBT Technology." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 34 (October 9, 2022): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02341252mtgabs.
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In order to reduce die size and increase capacity, the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor area in circuit designs fabricated using GaAs hetero-junction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology has to be reduced. This can be achieved by using a capacitor dielectric material that has a high dielectric constant or high capacitance density. In GaAs HBT technology, the MIM capacitor dielectric film is typically also required to have a high breakdown voltage (>20 V) and low leakage current. Furthermore, the deposited dielectric film has to be compatible with GaAs processing and has to be deposited at a temperature of < 300oC, due to the limited process thermal budget in the HBT technology. As a result of these requirements, there are only a few materials available for MIM capacitor dielectric application in GaAs HBT technology. In this study, 60 nm tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and Ta2O5/Al2O3 nanolaminate deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) have been characterized and evaluated as MIM capacitor dielectric for GaAs HBT technology. The results show that the capacitor with 60 nm of ALD Ta2O5 has the highest capacitance density (3.84x10-15 F/μm2), followed by the capacitor with 60 nm Ta2O5/Al2O3 nanolaminate, and the capacitor with 60 nm Al2O3 capacitor dielectric film with a capacitance density of 2.40x10-15 F/µm2 and 1.37x10-15 F/μm2, respectively. The calculated dielectric constant of ALD Ta2O5 and Ta2O5/Al2O3 nanolaminate is 26.1 and 16.3, respectively, while that of ALD Al2O3 is 9.3, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 2 shows the I-V characteristics of MIM capacitors with 4055 μm2 area and with 60 nm of ALD Ta2O5, Ta2O5/Al2O3 nanolaminate, and Al2O3 capacitor dielectric. As can be seen, the capacitor with Al2O3 capacitor dielectric has significantly lower leakage and higher breakdown voltage (46 V), while the capacitor with Ta2O5/Al2O3 and Ta2O5 capacitor dielectric has higher leakage current and lower breakdown voltage of 32.7 V and 22.4 V, respectively. Figure 3 shows the C-V characteristics of capacitors with the 3 ALD capacitor dielectric films. The results show that the capacitance of MIM capacitor using these three films increased marginally by 2.2% to 4.3%, when the temperature was increased from 25oC to 125oC. No significant change in capacitance density of these ALD capacitor dielectric films was observed, when the applied voltage was varied from -5 V to +5 V. Figure 1
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Yildiz, Ali. "Pre-service teacher’s understanding levels of capacitors and instructors’ predictions about the given responses." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 8 (January 2, 2018): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v4i8.2960.
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This study explores the understanding levels of pre-service teachers of the elementary school mathematics teacher education undergraduate program about capacitors that they learned in the compulsory Physics-2 course in the second year of the second term, and instructors’ predictions about the teachers’ responses. A total of 54 pre-service teachers participated in the study. The findings of the study reveal that 62.9% of the pre-service teachers did not know the function of a capacitor, 46.3% could not write any equations in connection with the capacitor and 57.4% could not explain any of the quantities in the formulas related to the capacitor. Instructors who taught Physics-2 at the undergraduate level were asked to predict the percentage rate of success of the answers the pre-service teachers gave about capacitors. The data reveal that the instructors were not sufficiently aware of pre-service teachers’ knowledge of capacitors, although they taught them Physics-2 and evaluated them. Keywords: Capacitors, pre-service teachers, instructors, views, predictions.
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Barbulescu, Corneliu, and Toma-Leonida Dragomir. "Parameter estimation for a simplified model of an electrolytic capacitor in transient regimes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2090, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2090/1/012143.
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Abstract The real capacitors’ behaviour in electric circuits modelled by a single capacity deviates from the ideal one. In order to find better compromises between precision and simplicity, different C-R-L models are used. In these models, C, R, L are called equivalent parameters and take constant values. Under these assumptions, the capacitors are modelled as lumped parameter subsystems although it is well known that the real capacitors are essentially distributed parameter systems. As highlighted in this paper, the capacitors are also time-variant subsystems. To prove this, we use two types of experimental data: data measured during the capacitor’s discharge process and data obtained from frequency characteristics. The article proposes two estimation methods of equivalent values for the model parameters C and R based on their time variance highlighted by the experimental data. The estimation methods use a system of equations associated with the discharging of capacitors, respectively, with the frequency characteristics via polynomial regression. The experiments were carried out with an electrolytic polymer capacitor rated 220 μF, 25 V, 2.5 A rms, 85 °C, designed mainly for energy storage and filtering, the results being confirmed by experiments performed on other similar capacitors.
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Raman, Sekhar Raghu, Ka-Wai (Eric) Cheng, Xiang-Dang Xue, Yat-Chi Fong, and Simon Cheung. "Hybrid Energy Storage System with Vehicle Body Integrated Super-Capacitor and Li-Ion Battery: Model, Design and Implementation, for Distributed Energy Storage." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 6553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206553.
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In this paper, a distributed energy storage design within an electric vehicle for smarter mobility applications is introduced. Idea of body integrated super-capacitor technology, design concept and its implementation is proposed in the paper. Individual super-capacitor cells are connected in series or parallel to form a string connection of super-capacitors with the associated management unit to form a panel. These super-capacitor panels are shaped to fit the alternative concept of vehicle design, and it solves the design issues and prepares for configurable electric vehicles. Body integration of super-capacitors enhances the acceleration, and regenerative braking performances of the electric vehicle increases the operating life of the Li-ion battery and improves space utilization by giving more area for the main energy source, the Li-ion battery. Integrating super-capacitor into the car body involves special packaging technology to minimize space and promotes distributed energy storage within a vehicle. This pioneering design encourages future configurable electric vehicles. Model of both the Li-ion battery and the super-capacitor employed is studied with its series internal resistance determined at various C-rates. Loss and the efficiency analysis of the bi-directional converter, traits of body integrated super-capacitors system and control of the interleaved bi-directional converter to regulate the power-sharing in the hybrid energy storage system is presented.
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Odhiambo, Sheilla Atieno, Piotr Fiszer, Gilbert De Mey, Carla Hertleer, Ida Nuramdhani, Lieva Van Langenhove, and Andrzej Napieralski. "The electric energy stored in PEDOT:PSS capacitors integrated on textile substrate." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 30, no. 6 (November 5, 2018): 808–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-12-2017-0190.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a capacitor fully integrated into a wearable textile fabric for the application on smart clothing. Design/methodology/approach A small capacitor with stainless steel yarns as the electrodes and poly-(3,4–ethylenedioxythiophene): polystryrene sulphonate (PEDOT:PSS) as the dielectric material has been made, integrated into a textile fabric. The electric performance of the capacitor was analyzed and compared with other kinds of electric capacitors. Findings The fabricated small, PEDOT:PSS capacitor could finally power a calculator for 37 s with the energy stored in it. Originality/value This finding is of an important significance for a further development on the capacitor with a better performance.
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Bhargava, Cherry, Vijay Kumar Banga, and Yaduvir Singh. "Condition monitoring of aluminium electrolytic capacitors using accelerated life testing." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 35, no. 8 (September 3, 2018): 1671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-06-2017-0115.
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Purpose An electrolytic capacitor is extensively used as filtering devices in various power supplies and audio amplifiers. Low cost and higher value of capacitance make it more well known. As environmental stress and electrical parameters increase, capacitors degrade on accelerated pace. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper focusses on the impact of thermal stress on electrolytic capacitors using accelerated life testing technique. The failure time was calculated based on the change in capacitance, equivalent series resistance and weight loss. The experimental results are compared with the outcome of already available life monitoring methods, and the accuracy level of these methods is accessed. Findings The results of all the three methods are having maximum 55 per cent accuracy. To enhance the accuracy level of theoretical methods, modifications have been suggested. A new method has been proposed, whose outcome is 92 per cent accurate with respect to experimentally obtained outcomes. Practical implications To assess the capacitor’s reliability using an experimental and modified theoretical method, failure prediction can be done before it actually fails. Originality/value A new method has been proposed to access the lifetime of capacitor.
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Thompson, Jonathan E. "Pencil-on-Paper Capacitors for Hand-Drawn RC Circuits and Capacitive Sensing." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4909327.
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Electronic capacitors were constructed via hand-printing on paper using pencil graphite. Graphite traces were used to draw conductive connections and capacitor plates on opposing sides of a sheet of standard notebook paper. The paper served as the dielectric separating the plates. Capacitance of the devices was generally < 1000 pF and scaled with surface area of the plate electrodes. By combining a pencil-drawn capacitor with an additional resistive pencil trace, an RC low-pass filter was demonstrated. Further utility of the pencil-on-paper devices was demonstrated through description of a capacitive force transducer and reversible chemical sensing. The latter was achieved for water vapor when the hygroscopic cellulose matrix of the paper capacitor’s dielectric adsorbed water. The construction and demonstration of pencil-on-paper capacitive elements broadens the scope of paper-based electronic circuits while allowing new opportunities in the rapidly expanding field of paper-based sensors.
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Jeong, Eue Jin . "Re-examination of Energy Conservation Principle in Charged Capacitors and the Reported Anomalous Energy Devices." International Journal of Fundamental Physical Sciences 12, no. 2 (June 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14331/ijfps.2022.330150.
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Energy conservation is one of the most fundamental and well-established principles of physics. E. Noether extended the energy conservation principle to the quantum field theoretical domain in empty space by relating the time-translation invariance of the universe with energy conservation. While this is the case in an open empty space, it seems that the local space enclosed by conducting metallic plates has an unexpected property, suggesting that the energy conservation principle may not necessarily apply to localized bound systems of capacitors in electrodynamics. This point of view was raised by noting that the spherical capacitor has calculable electrostatic self-potential energy in both the inner and outer shells, which is not considered in the conventional consideration of the total energy stored in the capacitors. It seems that the concept of moving charges one by one into the capacitor plates has helped bypass the necessary steps to account for the additional repulsive self-potential energy that accumulates simultaneously in both capacitor plates in the process of charging the capacitor. We present itemized details of the repulsive potential energy stored in the capacitors and discuss its physical reality in relation to the anomalous energy devices reported in the past.
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Park, Yun-Hwi, Kwangje Oh, Ikseop Kim, Hosung Chu, Jehong Sung, Seokchul Yun, and Jinwaun Kim. "Suppression of SSN by Embedded Decoupling Capacitor in LTCC Package." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-4.2.57.
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In this paper, the authors present the noise suppression performance using a decoupling capacitor which is embedded in an LTCC substrate. To embed high value capacitors (>20nF), a high K (over 500) material which can be co-fired with low K LTCC was developed successfully. Thin high K sheets under 10μm were co-laminated between low K sheets, which form the power and ground planes. Due to the short distance from the IC power pin to the decoupling capacitor, the ESL (Equivalent Series Inductance) is much lower than with surface mounted type capacitors, and so, SSN (Simultaneous Switching Noise) can be reduced significantly. To verify the noise suppression performance, we designed and fabricated a digital module using 100MHz CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device) on top of the LTCC substrate in which a 25nF decoupling capacitor was embedded. By measurement, we can see that SSN of CPLD on LTCC was reduced by 80% compared with designs that use surface mounted type 100nF capacitors. This embedded decoupling capacitor in LTCC (LEDC) can be useful for digital SiP (System In Package) to enhance noise performance and to reduce its footprint.
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Phillips, Jonathan. "Toward an Improved Understanding of the Role of Dielectrics in Capacitors." Materials 11, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091519.
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A new fundamental principle of the theory of dielectrics in capacitors is demonstrated. That is, dielectric material in any geometry that reduces the field generated by charges on capacitor electrodes is effective in increasing capacitance. Specifically, it is shown that super dielectric material on the outer surfaces of the electrodes of a parallel plate capacitor increases dielectric constant, as well as energy and power densities, by orders of magnitude. The implicit assumption in all current capacitor theory, that the “capacitor” is only that region occupied by the electrodes and the space between them, is shown to be incorrect.
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Ineneji, Collins, Olusola Bamisile, and Mehmet Kuşaf. "Super-Capacitors as an Alternative for Renewable Energy Unstable Supply." Academic Perspective Procedia 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.01.01.3.
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In this article a Lithium battery and super-capacitors performance for energy storage in renewable is compared. A photo-voltaic system is considered with Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, then with a super-capacitor compared as the storage device. The super-capacitor consists of 10 capacitors connected in series and one in parallel. The comparison is made based on the state of charge and the output voltage of the two storage devices. Matlab/Simulink model is developed to make the analysis of the two systems. Li-ion battery displayed a uniform voltage of 0.9 V while the super-capacitor accumulated 250 V; when the simulation was done within a specific time frame. The Hybrid system however, drew a lower voltage of 15 V but a more stable supply is achieved over time. While the state of charge of the battery is constant over the time of simulation, the super-capacitor increases with time. The details of the simulation are presented in the full paper.
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PALUSINSKI, O. A., D. M. GETTMAN, D. ANDERSON, H. ANDERSON, and C. MARCJAN. "FILTERING APPLICATIONS OF FIELD PROGRAMMABLE ANALOG ARRAYS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 08, no. 03 (June 1998): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812669800016x.
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A Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA), built in CMOS technology, contains uncommitted operational amplifiers, switches, and capacitors. A FPAA containing banks of programmable switched capacitors (SC) can be used to build filters for analog signals as well as a large number of diverse analog applications. The parameters of a given application, such as a filter, are functions of the capacitor values. Manufacturing and quantization errors may result in capacitor values in the FPAA other than those required by the application. For an FPAA to be a viable substitute for dedicated devices we must examine the error performance of the implementation. Such performance analysis can be built into the software to provide circuit designers with additional information. A methodology is described for determining a bound for the filter error as a function of capacitor errors and capacitor sizes. An example of detailed analysis for a low pass filter is included. Measurements of a low-pass filter implemented using Motorola's prototype FPAA compared favorably with the model predictions.
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An, Zhenhua, Guixin Zhang, Kaidi Li, Xun Wu, Shu Cheng, and Haiyang Qiao. "A Design of Online Fault Diagnosis System Based on ESR for Electrolytic Capacitors." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 37, no. 3 (June 2019): 594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20193730594.
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ESR(Equivalent Series Resistance) is one of the important indicators for evaluating health status of electrolytic capacitors. Due to the structural specificity of the electrolytic capacitors, ESR is difficult to measure directly. In order to monitor the health status of the electrolytic capacitor in real time, an equivalent model for the electrolytic capacitor is established. The ESR frequency characteristics and temperature characteristics are analyzed and tested. The method of online fault diagnosis by evaluating the health status of the electrolytic capacitor with online calculation of ESR is proposed. Comparing the calculated value of ESR real-time with the initial value, when the former increases to a certain threshold value with respect to the latter under the same working condition, the electrolytic capacitor can be considered as failed, and the observer can perform replacement processing according to this mechanism in time. Finally, the effectiveness of the method was verified by using the dSPACE semi-physical experimental platform.
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Dakuri Venkata, Raghavendra. "Optimal Capacitor Placement in Power Distribution System." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 4, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v4i2.5357.
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Optimal Capacitor Placement (OCP) determines the locations, the size and the control settings of these capacitors during each load level of a three-phase distribution system. That will reduce peak power and energy losses and minimise the investment costs and installation of the capacitor banks. The optimal solution is obtained by testing various combinations of capacitor banks and candidate nodes and the distribution system and calculating the resultant savings. The capacitor placement problem is a combinational optimisation problem having an objective function composed of energy losses and capacitor bank installation costs subject to the load constraints, network constraints and operational constraints at different load levels. OCP seeks to maximise the net savings resulting from the reduction in power and energy losses less the total costs of capacitors. An Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) based Genetic Algorithm (G.A.) has been used to solve the OCP problem. The proposed method allows the modelling of loads of different power factors for other portions of the power distribution system. The solution algorithm has been implemented and tested on a ten bus power distribution system, and the simulation results of the proposed algorithm are well executed.
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Girshin, S. S., E. G. Andreeva, K. V. Khatsevskiy, V. M. Trotsenko, N. A. Melnikov, E. V. Petrova, and V. N. Goryunov. "Power management of variable capacitors in electrical grid systems according to the criterion of mini-mum energy loss." iPolytech Journal 25, no. 6 (January 11, 2022): 741–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2021-6-741-752.
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The aim is to manage the transmitted reactive power in electrical grids using variable capacitor batteries according to the criterion of minimum energy loss under different annual reactive load schedules and different numbers of variable capacitor sections. The main theoretical relations were obtained by the methods of mathematical modelling and integral calculus using the theory of optimal control. The influence of the power and number of sections in a capacitor battery on energy losses in the grid was estimated using computational experiments. Dependencies for energy losses in a capacitor battery, as well as for reducing energy losses in the grid, were obtained. These expressions are valid for linearized load schedules. It is shown that the dependences of energy losses in a capacitor battery and the reduction of losses in the grid on the section power have inflection points and pass through a maximum. The presence of inflection points is associated with a change in the number of capacitor sections operating throughout the year. The presence of a maximum is explained by the fact that, with an increase in the power of the capacitor battery, its operating time decreases under the complete number of variable sections. It is established that the batteries of static capacitors with two variable sections can reduce energy losses when transmitting reactive power by over 90%. For three- and four-section static capacitors, the loss reduction is close to 100%. The reduction in energy losses increases when approaching maximal levels of annual reactive load. Energy losses in electrical grid systems can be reduced by capacitor batteries with no more than three or four variable sections. In most cases, this can be achieved by two-section capacitor batteries.
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Slenes, Kirk, Dale Perry, and Lew Bragg. "Nanocomposite Film Dielectrics for High Temperature Power Conditioning Capacitors." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, HiTEC (January 1, 2016): 000278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016-hitec-276.
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Abstract Emerging power electronics in a broad range of military, aerospace, hybrid vehicle, renewable energy and drilling applications rely on advances in dielectric materials for capacitors. Compact capacitors possessing low dielectric loss and high operating temperature capability are needed for power conditioning in advanced converter and inverter designs for these applications. Wound film capacitors represent the preferred capacitor technology but are limited by low operating temperature capabilities, < 150°C, and low volumetric efficiency, capacitance per unit volume less than 1.0 μF/cc. TPL is developing processes and manufacturing techniques for fabrication of advanced capacitor films comprised of high temperature polymers modified with ceramic nanoparticles. The selected polymers enable high temperature operation and the ceramic nanoparticles enhance volumetric efficiency by increasing the dielectric constant. The fabricated films are adaptable to conventional wound film capacitor construction methodologies. This paper provides an overview of TPL's experience to-date with a film dielectric material system comprised of fluorenone polyester polymer and titanate nanoparticle filler. The fluorenone polyester polymer was selected to provide a stable operating temperature of at least 200°C, while the addition of the titanate powder increases the dielectric constant and, in turn, the volumetric efficiency of wound film capacitors constructed with this film system. Status and ongoing capacitor development issues are provided relative to the intended high temperature power conditioning applications.
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Slenes, Kirk, and Lew Bragg. "Nanocomposite Film Dielectrics for High Temperature Power Conditioning Capacitors." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, HITEC (January 1, 2012): 000278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-2012-wp26.
Full textAbstract:
Emerging power electronics in a broad range of military, aerospace, hybrid vehicle, renewable energy and drilling applications rely on advances in dielectric materials for capacitors. Compact capacitors possessing low dielectric loss and high operating temperature capability are needed for power conditioning in advanced converter and inverter designs for these applications. Wound film capacitors represent the preferred capacitor technology but are limited by low operating temperature capabilities, < 150°C, and low volumetric efficiency, capacitance per unit volume less than 1.0 μF/cc. TPL is developing processes and manufacturing techniques for fabrication of advanced capacitor films comprised of high temperature polymers modified with ceramic nanoparticles. The selected polymers enable high temperature operation and the ceramic nanoparticles enhance volumetric efficiency by increasing the dielectric constant. The fabricated films are directly adaptable to conventional wound film capacitor construction methodologies. This paper provides an overview of TPL's experience to-date with a film dielectric material system comprised of fluorenone polyester polymer and titanate nanoparticle filler. The fluorenone polyester polymer was selected to provide a stable operating temperature of at least 300°C, while the addition of the titanate powder increases the dielectric constant and, in turn, the volumetric efficiency of wound film capacitors constructed with this film system. The targeted device for the film is a 500 to 800 V filter capacitor for high temperature power conditioning applications.
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Slenes, Kirk, and Lew Bragg. "Nanocomposite Film Dielectrics for High Temperature Power Conditioning Capacitors." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, HITEC (January 1, 2010): 000194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-kslenes-wa14.
Full textAbstract:
Emerging power electronics in a broad range of military, aerospace, hybrid vehicle, renewable energy and down-hole drilling applications rely on advances in dielectric materials for capacitors. Compact capacitors possessing low dielectric loss and high operating temperature capability are needed for power conditioning in advanced converter and inverter designs for these applications. Wound film capacitors represent the preferred capacitor technology but are limited by low operating temperature capabilities, < 150°C, and low volumetric efficiency, capacitance per unit volume less than 1.0 μF/cc. TPL is developing processes and manufacturing techniques for fabrication of advanced capacitor films comprised of high temperature polymers modified with ceramic nanoparticles. The selected polymers enable high temperature operation and the ceramic nanoparticles enhance volumetric efficiency by increasing the dielectric constant. The fabricated films are directly adaptable to conventional wound film capacitor construction methodologies. This paper provides an overview of TPL's experience to-date with a film dielectric material system comprised of fluorenone polyester polymer and titanate nanoparticle filler. The fluorenone polyester polymer was selected to provide a stable operating temperature of at least 300°C, while the addition of the titanate powder increases the dielectric constant and, in turn, the volumetric efficiency of wound film capacitors constructed with this film system. The targeted device for the film is a 500 to 800 V filter capacitor for high temperature power conditioning applications.
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Slenes, Kirk, and Lew Bragg. "Nanocomposite Film Dielectrics for High Temperature Power Conditioning Capacitors." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, HITEC (January 1, 2014): 000129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-tp25.
Full textAbstract:
Emerging power electronics in a broad range of military, aerospace, hybrid vehicle, renewable energy and drilling applications rely on advances in dielectric materials for capacitors. Compact capacitors possessing low dielectric loss and high operating temperature capability are needed for power conditioning in advanced converter and inverter designs for these applications. Wound film capacitors represent the preferred capacitor technology but are limited by low operating temperature capabilities, < 150°C, and low volumetric efficiency, capacitance per unit volume less than 1.0 μF/cc. TPL is developing processes and manufacturing techniques for fabrication of advanced capacitor films comprised of high temperature polymers modified with ceramic nanoparticles. The selected polymers enable high temperature operation and the ceramic nanoparticles enhance volumetric efficiency by increasing the dielectric constant. The fabricated films are directly adaptable to conventional wound film capacitor construction methodologies. This paper provides an overview of TPL's experience to-date with a film dielectric material system comprised of fluorenone polyester polymer and titanate nanoparticle filler. The fluorenone polyester polymer was selected to provide a stable operating temperature of at least 300°C, while the addition of the titanate powder increases the dielectric constant and, in turn, the volumetric efficiency of wound film capacitors constructed with this film system. Status and ongoing capacitor development issues are provided relative to the intended high temperature power conditioning applications.
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Biletsky, Oleh, Vitalii Kotovskyi, Nikolaj Višniakov, and Andžela Šešok. "Investigation of the Energy Characteristics of a Circuit under the Charge of a Supercapacitor and an Equivalent Linear Capacitor." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 9182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189182.
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In this paper, the energy characteristics of the charge circuits of a supercapacitor (nonlinear capacitor) and an equivalent linear capacitor from a DC voltage source, which is a lithium-ion battery for such energy storage devices, are analyzed. It is established under what conditions the losses of electricity in the charge circuits of linear and equivalent nonlinear capacitors from the DC voltage source are reduced. The influence of final and initial voltages on similar terminals and capacitance terminals on similar energy losses is analyzed. The regularities of increasing the energy transfer coefficient in the circuits of the aperiodic charge of supercapacitors and equivalent linear capacitors from a DC voltage source (battery) with increasing initial voltages at the capacitor terminals are determined.