Journal articles: 'Capacitive Sensor Modeling'

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Murugarajan, A., and G. Samuel. "Measurement, Modeling and Evaluation of Surface Parameter Using Capacitive-Sensor-Based Measurement System." Metrology and Measurement Systems 18, no. 3 (January 1, 2011): 403–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10178-011-0007-9.

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Measurement, Modeling and Evaluation of Surface Parameter Using Capacitive-Sensor-Based Measurement System Surface roughness parameter prediction and evaluation are important factors in determining the satisfactory performance of machined surfaces in many fields. The recent trend towards the measurement and evaluation of surface roughness has led to renewed interest in the use of newly developed non-contact sensors. In the present work, an attempt has been made to measure the surface roughness parameter of different machined surfaces using a high sensitivity capacitive sensor. A capacitive response model is proposed to predict theoretical average capacitive surface roughness and compare it with the capacitive sensor measurement results. The measurements were carried out for 18 specimens using the proposed capacitive-sensor-based non-contact measurement setup. The results show that surface roughness values measured using a sensor well agree with the model output. For ground and milled surfaces, the correlation coefficients obtained are high, while for the surfaces generated by shaping, the correlation coefficient is low. It is observed that the sensor can effectively assess the fine and moderate rough-machined surfaces compared to rough surfaces generated by a shaping process. Furthermore, a linear regression model is proposed to predict the surface roughness from the measured average capacitive roughness. It can be further used in on-machine measurement, on-line monitoring and control of surface roughness in the machine tool environment.

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Bereznychenko, V. O., and O. Ye Pidchibii. "ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCE ON RESPONSE FUNCTION OF THE COPLANAR CAPACITIVE SHAFT BEATING SENSOR." Praci Institutu elektrodinamiki Nacionalanoi akademii nauk Ukraini 2021, no. 59 (September 20, 2021): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/publishing2021.59.093.

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In the paper presents results of analysis of the influence of the thickness of the dielectric substrate of a capacitive beating sensor, the electrodes of which are made of foil dielectric type FR4, on the transformation function of the sensor by methods of computer modeling are presented. The results of research by methods of computer modeling of the influence of the thickness of the dielectric substrate of a capacitive beating sensor, the electrodes of which are made of foil dielectric type FR4, on the transformation function of the sensor are presented. The studies were performed in the measurement range of the sensor with a change in the thickness of the dielectric selected from a standard line of material sizes. A comparative analysis method for manufacturing capacitive sensors using PCB technology was done. As a result of the analysis, the dependences of the influence of the thickness of the dielectric substrate on the conversion function of the capacitive sensor are obtained. Bibl. 20, fig. 2, table.

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Gh. Elkilany, Basma, and Elsayed A. Sallam. "Modeling and Analysis of a Novel Flexible Capacitive-Based Tactile Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.571.

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In recent years, autonomous robots have been increasingly deployed in unstructured and unknown environments. In order to survive in theses environments, robots are equipped with sensors. One of the main sensors is tactile sensor which provides the robots with tactile information like texture, stiffness, temperature, vibration and normal and shear forces. In this paper, we propose a flexible capacitive tactile sensor which is designed for measuring both normal and shear forces. The tactile sensing unit consists of five layers, a bottom layer of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) with a pillar, two copper electrodes embedded into a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, a spacer, a Polyimide (PI) film and finally a top PI bump. The bump and the pillar structure play a significant role in producing a torque for shear force measurement. Finite element modeling (FEM) is conducted to analyze the deformation of the sensing unit and simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics. The change of capacitance verse normal and shear forces are obtained, a comparison between the proposed sensor and other pervious sensor is conducted. The sensitivity of a cell is 0.22%/N within the full scale range of 10 N for normal force and 4%/N within the full scale range of 10 N for shear force.

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Bereznychenko, V. O. "DEFINITION OF THE SHAFTS RADIAL BEATING CAPACITIVE SENSOR RESPONSE FUNCTION BY COMPUTER MODELING." Praci Institutu elektrodinamiki Nacionalanoi akademii nauk Ukraini 2021, no. 58 (May 19, 2021): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/publishing2021.58.107.

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The paper presents the results study the characteristics of capacitive beating sensors to optimize them by computer simulation tools using. A concentric capacitive sensor with high-potential and grounded electrodes was studied. In the course of the research, the expediency of using computer modeling tools by finite element analysis methods to study the metrological characteristics of sensors was shown. It is shown that the application of modeling makes it possible to reduce the time spent on studies of the transformation function and metrological characteristics. The picture of the distribution of equipotential lines of an electric field in a working backlash of the sensor has resulted. The simulation results make it possible to create a picture of equipotential lines by changing the distance between the total surface of the sensor electrodes and the grounded surface, simulating the surface of the shaft. The results of the definition of the response function are given. References 23, figures 5.

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Mika, Michał, Mirjam Dannert, Felix Mett, Harry Weber, Wolfgang Mathis, and Udo Nackenhorst. "Electrostatic sensor modeling for torque measurements." Advances in Radio Science 15 (September 21, 2017): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-15-55-2017.

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Abstract. Torque load measurements play an important part in various engineering applications, as for automotive industry, in which the drive torque of a motor has to be determined. A widely used measuring method are strain gauges. A thin flexible foil, which supports a metallic pattern, is glued to the surface of the object the torque is being applied to. In case of a deformation due to the torque load, the change in the electrical resistance is measured. With the combination of constitutive equations the applied torque load is determined by the change of electrical resistance. The creep of the glue and the foil material, together with the temperature and humidity dependence, may become an obstacle for some applications Kapralov and Fesenko (1984). Thus, there have been optical and magnetical, as well as capacitive sensors introduced). This paper discusses the general idea behind an electrostatic capacitive sensor based on a simple draft of an exemplary measurement setup. For better understanding an own electrostatical, geometrical and mechanical model of this setup has been developed.

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Farhan Affendi bin Yunos, Muhammad, Anis Nurashikin Nordin, Anwar Zainuddin, and Sheroz Khan. "Modeling and development of radio frequency planar interdigital electrode sensors." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 985–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i3.1513.

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The interdigital sensor has been implemented in various field of applications such as microwave device, chemical sensor and biological sensor. This work describes the design and fabrication of an interdigital sensor (IDS) design that has the potential of estimating blood glucose levels using capacitive measurements. The IDS was first designed using theoretical equations and later was optimized by using CST Microwave Studio®. The electrode widths of the sensor were varied from 0.5mm to 0.7mm and the S11 reflection characteristics were simulated.Upon completion of simulations, the sensor was fabricated using copper clad FR4 boards. The fabricated sensors were measured using a vector network analyzer (VNA) and produced resonance frequencies of 2.02, 2.11 and 2.14 GHz. The highest Q obtained was 11.72 from the 2.11 GHz sensor.

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Scher, Aaron D. "A simple capacitive proximity sensor experiment for exploring the effects of body capacitance and earth ground." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 55, no. 4 (September 30, 2018): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020720918775040.

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Capacitive proximity sensors are well-suited for educational projects due to their low cost and simple design. Traditional undergraduate textbooks and lab exercises rarely highlight the fact that the performance of capacitive proximity sensors can be quite sensitive to ground loading. This paper presents a simple classroom demonstration for exploring this topic in detail. The capacitive proximity sensor for this demonstration is a hand-held LCR meter connected to a homemade capacitor composed of two strips of aluminum foil. Students explore the operation of this sensor for two different system ground configurations. In the first case the LCR meter is battery powered (floating ground referenced) and in the second case the LCR meter is powered by AC mains supply (earth ground referenced). When a student positions their hand near the foil strips, the battery-powered sensor measures an increase in capacitance. Conversely, the AC-mains-powered sensor measures a decrease in capacitance. The instructor guides students to discover for themselves the reason for this seemingly puzzling difference by modeling parasitic capacitance and ground loading using simple circuit models.

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Luo, Bing, Tingting Wang, Fuzeng Zhang, Yibin Lin, Chaozhi Zheng, and She Chen. "Interdigital Capacitive Sensor for Cable Insulation Defect Detection: Three-Dimensional Modeling, Design, and Experimental Test." Journal of Sensors 2021 (March 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8859742.

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Due to excellent electrical and mechanical properties, cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables are widely used in power systems. Poor manufacturing techniques in the production and installation of cable joints will cause insulation defects. The interdigital capacitive (IDC) sensor has advantages of simple structure and non-contact with the center conductor and shows great potential for online monitoring on XLPE cables. This paper focuses on the 3D modeling of a fully covered IDC sensor for cable insulation detection. Firstly, a 3D finite element model of the sensor is built, and the electric field distributions are compared with those of the partially covered sensor. For the sensor with more electrode pairs, the sensitivity increases with the sensor length and tends to saturate at the length of 5 cm, while the sensitivity remains constant for the sensor with fewer electrode pairs. Then, the differences between 3D and 2D results are discussed and the sensor parameters are optimized to reduce the influence of the fringe capacitance. The simulation results indicate that air gaps between the sensor and XLPE cable are the main reason of the difference between simulation and experiment. When the electrode width is equal to the gap width, the effects of both the fringing electric field and air gaps are relatively small. Finally, several types of sensors are made and used to detect the cable joint with and without the stress cone dislocation under different excitation voltage frequency. The results show that the measured capacitance decreases with frequency and the capacitance of the cable joint with the defects is smaller than that of the normal cable joint.

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Bereznychenko, V. O., and I. O. Zaitsev. "CONTACTLESS CAPACITIVE SENSOR OF THE SYSTEM FOR MONITORING THE PARAMETERS OF THE BEATING OF THE POWERFUL ELECTRICAL MACHINES SHAFTS." Praci elektrodinamiki Nacionalanoi akademii nauk Ukraini Institutu 2020, no. 57 (December 2, 2020): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/publishing2020.57.081.

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In this paper presents the results of the definition the need to use a Kelvin guard ring to reduce the impact of external fields and non-uniformity of equipotential lines to change response characteristic of the capacitive sensor with a central high-potential electrode and a Kelvin guard ring. Measuring transducer placing in the immediate vicinity of the electrodes of the sensor, which eliminates the need to use a triaxial cable, was proposed. The sensor is designed to measure powerful generators shafts cylindrical surfaces parameters run-out. Capacitive sensor response characteristic function which depending on distance between the general plane of electrodes of the sensor and the grounded surface of a shaft is determined analytically and by computer simulation methods. The expediency of using computer modeling tools by finite element analysis methods for studying the metrological characteristics of sensors was shown. References 21, figures 4, table 1.

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Hosni, Mohammed, Ayman Mokhtar, and Samy Ghoniemy. "Modeling and Simulation of Capacitive Gravitational Accelerometer Based Tilt Sensor." Journal of Engineering Science and Military Technologies 17, no. 17 (April 1, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejmtc.2017.21277.

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Hazra, Arnab. "A Physical Modeling of TiO2Nanotube Array-Based Capacitive Vapor Sensor." IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology 17, no. 1 (January 2018): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnano.2017.2768380.

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Moura Dos Santos, Rosane, Jean-Michel Sallese, Marco Mattavelli, Anderson Santos Nunes, Catherine Dehollain, and Diego Barrettino. "High Precision Capacitive Moisture Sensor for Polymers: Modeling and Experiments." IEEE Sensors Journal 20, no. 6 (March 15, 2020): 3032–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2019.2957108.

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Shah-Mohammadi-Azar, Ali, Hadi Azimloo, Ghader Rezazadeh, Rasoul Shabani, and Behrooz Tousi. "On the modeling of a capacitive angular speed measurement sensor." Measurement 46, no. 10 (December 2013): 3976–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2013.07.018.

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Kumar, K. Senthil, Saral Saha, P. C. Pradhan, and Subir Kumar Sarkar. "Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Based Gas Sensor Modeling and Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 5146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.5146.

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Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based Ultrasonic Transducers presents several advantages for some applications such as ease of array fabrication, unique thermal manipulation capabilities. Micromachining allows us to miniaturize device dimensions and produce capacitive transducers whose performance is comparable with their piezoelectric counterpart. Computer simulation has been widely used for MEMS based system. The main advantage of computer simulation is to provide design optimization by varying geometry, layer dimension and materials of the device without actual fabrication. This systematic approach can save time and cost of device fabrication and experimentation. In this work, a model of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (CMUT) is simulated in COVENTORWARE software. The solver is used to analyze the electrical current flow, voltage and heat and stress distribution in the device. The result is used to predict the temperature and stress as a function of the applied voltage across heating layer. The displacement results are used in the mechanical analysis to predict the mechanical behaviour of the CMUT. Here two different types of dielectric materials Si3N4 and Zr02 are used. The optimization is performed mainly based on resonant frequency and collapse voltage. Then we use this model as a gas detector (Sensor) to detect gas like Methane.

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Hosni, Mohammed, Ayman Mokhtar, and Samy Ghoniemy. "Modeling and Simulation of Capacitive Gravitational Accelerometer Based Tilt Sensor." International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 17, AEROSPACE SCIENCES (April 1, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asat.2017.22490.

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Tetelin, A., and C. Pellet. "Modeling and optimization of a fast response capacitive humidity sensor." IEEE Sensors Journal 6, no. 3 (June 2006): 714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2006.874446.

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Souhil, Kouda, Dibi Zohir, Barra Samir, Dendouga Abdelghani, and Meddour Fayçal. "ANN modeling of a smart MEMS-based capacitive humidity sensor." International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems 9, no. 1 (February 2011): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12555-011-0125-3.

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Zhou, Min-Xin, Qing-An Huang, and Ming Qin. "Modeling, design and fabrication of a triple-layered capacitive pressure sensor." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 117, no. 1 (January 2005): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2004.05.036.

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Liu, Hai Peng, Shi Qiao Gao, Lei Jin, and Yun Li He. "Corner Effect of Micro-Comb Capacitive Structure." Key Engineering Materials 609-610 (April 2014): 831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.609-610.831.

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The comb-shaped capacitive micro-machined gyroscope employing an electrostatic comb drive and capacitive sensing structure is a typical type of MEMS sensor. Because of design and processing limitation and other factors, there are problems related to parallelism, dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of the fabricated comb capacitor. These problems induce error into the calculation of the capacitance of the comb capacitor. The capacitance of the comb capacitor can be better calculated by the modeling the corner effect with various equipotential lines.

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Pu, Minghui, Qi Luo, Quan Liang, and Jinhao Zhang. "Modeling for Elastomer Displacement Analysis of Capacitive Six-Axis Force/Torque Sensor." IEEE Sensors Journal 22, no. 2 (January 15, 2022): 1356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2021.3132387.

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Aebersold, J., K. Walsh, M. Crain, M. Voor, M. Martin, W. Hnat, J. Lin, D. Jackson, and J. Naber. "Design, modeling, fabrication and testing of a MEMS capacitive bending strain sensor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 34 (April 1, 2006): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/34/1/021.

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Rezazadeh, Ghader, Amin Lotfiani, and Shahram Khalilarya. "On the modeling of a MEMS-based capacitive wall shear stress sensor." Measurement 42, no. 2 (February 2009): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2008.06.005.

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Sen, Ashis Kumar, and Jeff Darabi. "Modeling and Optimization of a Microscale Capacitive Humidity Sensor for HVAC Applications." IEEE Sensors Journal 8, no. 4 (April 2008): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2008.917479.

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Tsouti, Vasiliki, Vasileios Mitrakos, Panagiotis Broutas, and Stavros Chatzandroulis. "Modeling and Development of a Flexible Carbon Black-Based Capacitive Strain Sensor." IEEE Sensors Journal 16, no. 9 (May 2016): 3059–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2016.2524508.

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Abdollahi-Mamoudan, Farima, Sebastien Savard, Tobin Filleter, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo, and Xavier P. V. Maldague. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Capacitive Imaging Technique as a Nondestructive Testing Method." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 3804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093804.

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It was recently demonstrated that a coplanar capacitive sensor could be applied to the evaluation of materials without the disadvantages associated with the other techniques. This technique effectively detects changes in the dielectric properties of the materials due to, for instance, imperfections or variations in the internal structure, by moving a set of simple electrodes on the surface of the specimen. An AC voltage is applied to one or more electrodes and signals are detected by others. This is a promising inspection method for imaging the interior structure of the numerous materials, without the necessity to be in contact with the surface of the sample. In this paper, finite element (FE) modeling was employed to simulate the electric field distribution from a coplanar capacitive sensor and the way it interacts with a nonconducting sample. Physical experiments with a prototype capacitive sensor were also performed on a Plexiglas sample with subsurface defects, to assess the imaging performance of the sensor. A good qualitative agreement was observed between the numerical simulation and experimental result.

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Rêgo Segundo, Alan Kardek, Érica Silva Pinto, Gabriel Almeida Santos, and Paulo Marcos de Barros Monteiro. "Capacitive Impedance Measurement: Dual-frequency Approach." Sensors 19, no. 11 (June 4, 2019): 2539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19112539.

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The most widely used technique for measuring capacitive impedances (or complex electrical permittivity) is to apply a frequency signal to the sensor and measure the amplitude and phase of the output signal. The technique, although efficient, involves high-speed circuits for phase measurement, especially when the medium under test has high conductivity. This paper presents a sensor to measure complex electrical permittivity based on an alternative approach to amplitude and phase measurement: The application of two distinct frequencies using a current-to-voltage converter circuit based in a transimpedance amplifier, and an 8-bit microcontroller. Since there is no need for phase measurement and the applied frequency is lower compared to the standard method, the circuit presents less complexity and cost than the traditional technique. The main advance presented in this work is the use of mathematical modeling of the frequency response of the circuit to make it possible for measuring the dielectric constant using a lower frequency than the higher cut-off frequency of the system, even when the medium under test has high conductivity (tested up to 1220 μS/cm). The proposed system caused a maximum error of 0.6% for the measurement of electrical conductivity and 2% for the relative dielectric constant, considering measurement ranges from 0 to 1220 μS/cm and from 1 to 80, respectively.

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Muscolo, Giovanni Gerardo, Giacomo Moretti, and Giorgio Cannata. "SUAS: A Novel Soft Underwater Artificial Skin with Capacitive Transducers and Hyperelastic Membrane." Robotica 37, no. 4 (December 20, 2018): 756–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574718001315.

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SummaryThe paper presents physical modeling, design, simulations, and experimentation on a novel Soft Underwater Artificial Skin (SUAS) used as tactile sensor. The SUAS functions as an electrostatic capacitive sensor, and it is composed of a hyperelastic membrane used as external cover and oil inside it used to compensate the marine pressure. Simulation has been performed studying and modeling the behavior of the external interface of the SUAS in contact with external concentrated loads in marine environment. Experiments on the external and internal components of the SUAS have been done using two different conductive layers in oil. A first prototype has been realized using a 3D printer. The results of the paper underline how the soft materials permit better adhesion of the conductive layer to the transducers of the SUAS obtaining higher capacitance. The results here presented confirmed the first hypotheses presented in a last work and opened new ways in the large-scale underwater tactile sensor design and development. The investigations are performed in collaboration with a national Italian project named MARIS, regarding the possible extension to the underwater field of the technologies developed within the European project ROBOSKIN.

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Li, Chengjie, Xuefeng Zhang, Mingang Meng, Bin Li, and Changyou Li. "Capacitive Online Corn Moisture Content Sensor Considering Porosity Distributions: Modeling, Design, and Experiments." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 7655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167655.

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An online corn moisture content measurement device would be a key technology for providing accurate feedback information for industrial drying processes to enable the dynamic tracking and closed-loop control of the process. To overcome the problem of large measurement error caused by the characteristics of the corn flow state and the pore distribution when a parallel plate capacitor is applied to the online moisture content measurement process, in this study, we summarized the constraint conditions of the sensor’s structure parameters by mathematical modeling and calculated the optimal sensor design size. Moreover, the influence of porosity variation on moisture content measurement was studied by using the designed sensor. In addition, a mathematical model for calculating corn moisture content was obtained for the moisture content range of 14.7% to 26.4% w.b., temperature of 5 °C to 35 °C, and porosity of 38.4% to 44.6%. The results indicated that the fluctuation in the online moisture content measurement value was obviously reduced after the porosity compensation. The absolute error of the measured moisture content value was −0.62 to 0.67% w.b., and the average of absolute values of error was 0.32% w.b. The main results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of intelligent industrial grain–drying equipment.

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Parthasarathy, Eswaran, and S. Malarvizhi. "Modeling analysis and fabrication of MEMS capacitive differential pressure sensor for altimeter application." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 41, no. 3 (April 3, 2018): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2018.1454855.

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Parthasarathy, Eswaran, and Malarvizhi S. "Modeling and analysis of MEMS capacitive differential pressure sensor structure for altimeter application." Microsystem Technologies 23, no. 5 (December 18, 2015): 1343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-015-2756-4.

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Osouli Tabrizi, Hamed, Abbas Panahi, Saghi Forouhi, Deniz Sadighbayan, Fatemeh Soheili, Mohammad Reza Haji Hosseini Khani, Sebastian Magierowski, and Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh. "Oral Cells-On-Chip: Design, Modeling and Experimental Results." Bioengineering 9, no. 5 (May 19, 2022): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9050218.

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Recent advances in periodontal studies have attracted the attention of researchers to the relation between oral cells and gum diseases, which is a real threat to overall human health. Among various microfabrication technologies, Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductors (CMOSs) enable the development of low-cost integrated sensors and circuits for rapid and accurate assessment of living cells that can be employed for the early detection and control of periodontal diseases. This paper presents a CMOS capacitive sensing platform that can be considered as an alternative for the analysis of salivatory cells such as oral neutrophils. This platform consists of two sensing electrodes connected to a read-out capacitive circuitry designed and fabricated on the same chip using Austria Mikro Systeme (AMS) 0.35 µm CMOS process. A graphical user interface (GUI) was also developed to interact with the capacitive read-out system and the computer to monitor the capacitance changes due to the presence of saliva cells on top of the chip. Thanks to the wide input dynamic range (IDR) of more than 400 femto farad (fF) and high resolution of 416 atto farad (aF), the experimental and simulation results demonstrate the functionality and applicability of the proposed sensor for monitoring cells in a small volume of 1 µL saliva samples. As per these results, the hydrophilic adhesion of oral cells on the chip varies the capacitance of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs). These capacitance changes then give an assessment of the oral cells existing in the sample. In this paper, the simulation and experimental results set a new stage for emerging sensing platforms for testing oral samples.

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Xu, Yuan, Zhonghua Huang, Shize Yang, Zhiqi Wang, Bing Yang, and Yinlin Li. "Modeling and Characterization of Capacitive Coupling Intrabody Communication in an In-Vehicle Scenario." Sensors 19, no. 19 (October 4, 2019): 4305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194305.

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Intrabody communication (IBC) has drawn extensive attention in the field of ubiquitous healthcare, entertainment, and more. Until now, most studies on the modeling and characterization of capacitive coupling IBC have been conducted in open space, while influences when using metallic-enclosed environments such as a car, airplane, or elevator have not yet been considered. In this paper, we aimed to systematically investigate the grounding effect of an enclosed metal wall of a vehicle on the transmission path loss, utilizing the finite element method (FEM) to model capacitive coupling IBC in an in-vehicle scenario. The results of a simulation and experimental validation indicated that the system gain in an in-vehicle scenario increased up to 7 dB compared to in open space. The modeling and characterization achieved in this paper of capacitive coupling IBC could facilitate an intrabody sensor design and an evaluation with great flexibility to meet the performance needs of an in-vehicle use scenario.

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Kan, Wenqing, Ying Huang, Xiao Zeng, Xiaohui Guo, and Ping Liu. "A dual-mode proximity sensor with combination of inductive and capacitive sensing units." Sensor Review 38, no. 2 (March 19, 2018): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-06-2017-0111.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a dual-mode proximity sensor composed of inductive and capacitive sensing modes, which can help the robot distinguish different objects and obtain distance information at the same time. A systematic study of sensor response to various objects and the function of cooperation sensing is needed. Furthermore, the application in the field of robotic area needs to be discussed. Design/methodology/approach Numerical modeling of each sensing modes and simulations based on finite element analysis method has been carried out to verify the designed dual-mode sensor. A number of objects composed of different materials are used to research the cooperation perception and proximity sensing functions. In addition, the proposed sensor is used on the palm of a mechanical hand as application experiment. Findings The characteristics of the sensor are summarized as follows: the sensing range of inductive mode is 0-5.6 mm for detecting a copper block and the perceive range of capacitive mode is 0-5.1 mm for detecting a plastic block. The collaborative perceive tests validated that the non-ferromagnetism metals can be distinguished by inductive mode. Correspondingly, ferromagnetism metals and dielectric objects are differentiated by capacitive mode. Application experiments results reveal that both plastic bottle and steel bottle could be detected and differentiated. The experimental results are in agreement with those of simulations. Originality value This paper provides a study of dual-mode proximity sensor in terms of design, experiments and application.

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Jindal, Sumit Kumar, M. Aditya Varma, and Deepali Thukral. "Study of MEMS Touch-Mode Capacitive Pressure Sensor Utilizing Flexible SiC Circular Diaphragm: Robust Design, Theoretical Modeling, Numerical Simulation and Performance Comparison." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 12 (November 2019): 1950206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619502062.

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Copious research has been conducted on Capacitive Pressure Sensors over the decades with a focus on Silicon being the primary filming element. However, due to Silicon Carbide emerging as superior in harsh environmental conditions, the research is gravitating towards it for industrial applications. This work presents a new analytical model for a polycrystalline silicon carbide-based capacitive pressure sensor working in touch-mode operation. Carbide demonstrates properties like electrical stability, mechanical robustness and chemical inertness which puts it on the frontier of research. The mathematical model proposed is a simple yet powerful tool in manipulating design and sizing for fast analysis. It is quicker and bypasses the need for complex simulation software. The analysis is purely mathematical and hence the results are analyzed with MATLAB. The mathematical model developed is verified with a standard Finite Element Analysis (FEM) using COMSOL v5.2. The results of the mathematical analysis dovetail well with the FEM analysis and show a significant improvement in both the sensitivity and capacitance generated.

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Dagamseh, Ahmad, Qais Al-Bataineh, Zaid Al-Bataineh, Nermeen S. Daoud, Ahmad Alsaad, and Ahmad Omari. "Modeling of a square-shape ZnO, ZnS and AlN membrane for mems capacitive pressure-sensor applications." International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 11 (2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2020010.

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In this paper, mathematical modeling and simulation of a MEMS-based clamped square-shape membrane for capacitive pressure sensors have been performed. Three types of membrane materials were investigated (i.e. Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) and Aluminum Nitride (AlN)). Various performance parameters such as capacitance changes, deflection, nonlinearity, the sensitivity of the membrane structure for different materials and film-thicknesses have been considered using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and analytically determined using the FORTRAN environment. The simulation model outperforms in terms of the effective capacitance value. The results show that the membrane deflection is linearly related to the applied pressure. The ZnS membrane provides a capacitance of 0.023 pico-Farad at 25 kPa with a 42.5% relative capacitance changes to reference capacitance. Additionally, the results show that for ZnO and AlN membranes the deflection with no thermal stress is higher than that with thermal stress. However, an opposite behavior for the ZnS membrane structure has been observed. The mechanical and capacitance sensitivities are affected by the membrane thickness as the capacitance changes are inversely proportional to the membrane thickness. Such results open possibilities to utilize various materials for pressure sensor applications by means of the capacitance-based detection technique.

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Eswaran, P., and S. Malarvizhi. "Modeling and Analysis of High Sensitive MEMS Capacitive Differential Pressure Sensor with Polymide Diaphragm." Advanced Science Letters 19, no. 12 (December 1, 2013): 3449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2013.5213.

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Islam, T., C. Pramanik, and H. Saha. "Modeling, simulation and temperature compensation of porous polysilicon capacitive humidity sensor using ANN technique." Microelectronics Reliability 45, no. 3-4 (March 2005): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2004.09.010.

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Brasseur, G. "Modeling of the front end of a new capacitive finger-type angular-position sensor." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 50, no. 1 (2001): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.903887.

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Guanhao Liang, Deqing Mei, Yancheng Wang, and Zichen Chen. "Modeling and Analysis of a Flexible Capacitive Tactile Sensor Array for Normal Force Measurement." IEEE Sensors Journal 14, no. 11 (November 2014): 4095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2014.2333472.

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Suppan, Thomas, Markus Neumayer, Thomas Bretterklieber, Stefan Puttinger, and Hannes Wegleiter. "A Model-Based Analysis of Capacitive Flow Metering for Pneumatic Conveying Systems: A Comparison between Calibration-Based and Tomographic Approaches." Sensors 22, no. 3 (January 23, 2022): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030856.

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Pneumatic conveying is a standard transportation technique for bulk materials in various industrial fields. Flow metering is crucial for the efficient and reliable operation of such systems and for process control. Capacitive measurement systems are often proposed for this application. In this method, electrodes are placed on the conveyor systems transport line and capacitive signals are sensed. The design of the sensor with regard to the arrangement and the number of electrodes as well as the evaluation of the capacitive sensor signals can be divided into two categories. Calibration-based flow meters use regression methods for signal processing, which are parametrized from calibration measurements on test rigs. Their performance is limited by the extend of the calibration measurements. Electrical capacitance tomography based flow meters use model-based signal processing techniques to obtain estimates about the spatial material distribution within the sensor. In contrast to their calibration-based counterparts, this approach requires more effort with respect to modeling and instrumentation, as typically a larger number of measurement signals has to be acquired. In this work we present a comparative analysis of the two approaches, which is based on measurement experiments and a holistic system model for flow metering. For the model-based analysis Monte Carlo simulations are conducted, where randomly generated pneumatic conveying flow patterns are simulated to analyze the sensor and algorithm behavior. The results demonstrate the potential benefit of electrical capacitance tomography based flow meters over a calibration-based instrument design.

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Macnae, James, and Christopher Adams. "Near-surface resistivity contrast mapping with a capacitive sensor array and an inductive source." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 2 (March 2011): G13—G23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3553480.

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Electromagnetic survey methodology is adapted to use the electric component to directly detect buried resistors and map resistivity contrasts in the near surface. System implementations do not require ground contact because they use capacitive electric-field sensors and an inductive source and may be operated at walking pace. This study outlined theoretical basis, computational modeling, and verification for the methodology. The systems are designed to operate at low enough frequency that any responses are at the resistive limit; as such, the electric fields they measure are insensitive to horizontal layering and absolute conductivity. A surface integral equation algorithm is used to model regular discrete objects in a half-space. Anomalies are controlled by geometry and lateral resistivity contrast rather than by absolute resistivity values. A prototype electrode array system called CARIS 1 reliably detects resistive objects submerged in a saltwater tank, and the measured responses are consistent with numerical modeling. These results provided the basis for further development of the CARIS II system with flexible geometry that is adaptable to detect resistive or conductive targets in any background environment. CARIS is designed to be useful where conventional electromagnetics, ground-penetrating radar, and conventional resistivity face difficulties or fail, and it has easily detected a range of buried targets in the near surface. However, it is quite sensitive to disturbed ground and surface undulation and inhomogeneity.

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Khan, Muhammad Imran, Abdul Mannan Khan, Muhammad Khurram Saleem, and Ahmed Nouman. "Development of Efficient Tactile Sensing System for Humanoid Robotics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.372.

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This paper is related to the development of ASIC for tactile sensing system in humanoid robots. First of all, it is necessary to choose the best sensor for tactile sensing in humanoid robots. A large number of sensors like capacitive, resistive, piezoresistive, tunnel effective, optical, ultrasonic, magnetism based, piezoelectric sensors are available in market for tactile sensing. Not all the sensors are suitable for tactile sensing at all locations of humanoid robotics. We need to use different sensors for different locations in humanoid robotics like fingerprints and belly. Fingerprints of robot are most important part where we need a huge number of sensors on a limited place. As we need a large amount of data for exact modeling of properties contact surface so we require data from a large number of tactile sensors and hence we need to develop an array of tactile sensors.

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Yoshinobu, Tatsuo, Daisuke Sato, Yuanyuan Guo, Carl Frederik Werner, and Ko-ichiro Miyamoto. "Modeling of the Return Current in a Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensor." Sensors 19, no. 20 (October 21, 2019): 4566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204566.

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A light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is a chemical sensor with a field-effect structure based on semiconductor. Its response to the analyte concentration is read out in the form of a photocurrent generated by illuminating the semiconductor with a modulated light beam. As stated in its name, a LAPS is capable of spatially resolved measurement using a scanning light beam. Recently, it has been pointed out that a part of the signal current is lost by the return current due to capacitive coupling between the solution and the semiconductor, which may seriously affect the sensor performance such as the signal-to-noise ratio, the spatial resolution, and the sensitivity. In this study, a circuit model for the return current is proposed to study its dependence on various parameters such as the diameter of contact area, the modulation frequency, the specific conductivity of the solution, and the series resistance of the circuit. It is suggested that minimization of the series resistance of the circuit is of utmost importance in order to avoid the influence of the return current. The results of calculation based on this model are compared with experimental results, and its applicability and limitation are discussed.

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Wang, Yikai, Chun Hu, Zhongxiang Li, Dezhi Zheng, Fei Cui, and Xiaojun Yang. "Theoretical and Simulation Analysis of Static and Dynamic Properties of MXene-Based Humidity Sensors." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (August 18, 2022): 8254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168254.

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In this paper, the static and dynamic characteristics of the MXene-based IDE capacitive humidity sensor are investigated through theoretical modeling and simulation. It is found that the capacitance increases according to the thickness of the sensing film within a certain range while stopping increases along with the growth of the thickness when the thickness is over a threshold. When the thickness is at a tiny level, a larger thickness does not lead to a significant increase in the response time due to the diffusion mechanism of water molecules. When the thickness increases to certain extent, there is an evident relationship between the response time and the change of thickness. For the humidity-sensitive film, under the same relative humidity conditions, the capacitance has a positive correlation with temperature, and the response time shows the opposite trend. Subsequent studies on the sensitive mechanisms of MXene materials explain these phenomena and demonstrate the accuracy of the model. This provides a more accurate method for sensor design. The properties of the MXene capacitive humidity sensor can be optimized by changing its structure and adjusting material parameters.

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Alblalaihid, Khalid, Saleh A. Alghamdi, Anas Alburayt, Saif H. Almutairi, Ahmed Alwahid, Meshal Abuobaid, Sabri Alkhibari, Khaled S. Almutairi, and Ibrahim M. Alarifi. "Interlayer Defect Detection in Intra-Ply Hybrid Composite Material (GF/CF) Using a Capacitance-Based Sensor." Sensors 22, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 2966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22082966.

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Combining two types of reinforcement fiber in a common matrix may lead to different failure modes such as micro-cracks between the layers when the structure is subjected to lower stress levels. Real-time damage detection should be integrated into the hybrid composite structure to provide structural integrity and mitigate this problem. This paper outlines the working mechanisms and the fabrication of an integrated capacitive sensor in an intra-ply hybrid composite (2 × 2 twill weave). Uniaxial tensile and flexural tests were conducted to characterize the proposed sensor and provide self-sensing functionality (smart structure). The sensitivity and repeatability of the capacitive sensor were measured to be around 1.3 and 185 µΔC/Co, respectively. The results illustrate that onset of damage between layers can be detected by in situ monitoring. It can be seen that the initial damage was detected at the turning point where the relative change in capacitance begins to reduce while the load increases. Finite element modeling was also constructed to analyze the test results and explain the reasons behind the turning point. It was shown that the carbon yarns experienced high transverse shear stress (τxz) in the crimp region, leading to inter-fiber cracks.

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Jindal, Sumit Kumar, Ankush Mahajan, and Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi. "Reliable before-fabrication forecasting of normal and touch mode MEMS capacitive pressure sensor: modeling and simulation." Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS 16, no. 04 (October 6, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jmm.16.4.045001.

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Bore, Thierry, Dominique Placko, Frederic Taillade, and Marc Himbert. "Capacitive Sensor for Measuring the Filled of Post-Tensioned Ducts. Experimental Setup, Modeling and Signal Processing." IEEE Sensors Journal 13, no. 2 (February 2013): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2012.2219392.

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Kalayeh, Kourosh, and Panos Charalambides. "A Non-Linear Model of an All-Elastomer, in-Plane, Capacitive, Tactile Sensor Under the Application of Normal Forces." Sensors 18, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 3614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113614.

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In this work, a large deformation, non-linear semi-analytical model for an all-elastomer, capacitive tactile unit-sensor is developed. The model is capable of predicting the response of such sensors over their entire sensing range under the application of normal forces. In doing so the finite flat punch indentation model developed earlier is integrated with a capacitance model to predict the change-in-capacitance as a function of applied normal forces. The empirical change-in-capacitance expression, based on the parallel plate capacitance model, is developed to account for the fringe field and saturation effects. The elastomeric layer used as a substrate in these sensors is modeled as an incompressible, non-linear, hyperelastic material. More specifically, the two term Mooney-Rivlin strain energy function is used as a constitutive response to relate the stresses and strains. The developed model assumes both geometrical as well as material non-linearity. Based on the related experimental work presented elsewhere, the inverse analysis, combining finite element (FE) modeling and non-linear optimization, is used to obtain the Mooney-Rivlin material parameters. Finally, to validate the model developed herein the model predictions are compared to the experimental results obtained elsewhere for four different tactile sensors. Great agreements are found to exist between the two which shows the model capabilities in capturing the response of these sensors. The model and methodologies developed in this work, may also help advancing bio-material studies in the determination of biological tissue properties.

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Yang, Zhi Jun, Robert Kelly, and Xin Chen. "A Numerical Investigation of a Capacitive Viscometer with Fluid-Structure Interaction Using Equivalent Modeling." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 2423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.2423.

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This paper performs a numerical investigation of a micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) based capacitive viscometer. The viscometer includes a pre-stressed membrane interacted with a trapped air and a polymer solution, as well as a semi-permeable membrane that allows water and small molecular to pass through freely. A very simple modeling method is presented to solve the complicated problem. First, the fluid property of the polymer solution is estimated using relaxation time estimation. Second, a two modes vibration assumption of the pre-stressed membrane is proved using structure-air-interaction. Then the leakage through the semi-permeable membrane is also estimated using the volume flow with lubrication theory. Finally, the equivalent model of the glucose sensor is built using very simple vibration equations, the capacitance is also calculated. The simulation results show that the trapped air plays a significant role for the vibration of membrane, the volume should be large enough to reduce the nonlinear effects caused by the trapped air, which unfortunately causes the capacitance much to be smaller.

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Korošak, Žiga, Nejc Suhadolnik, and Anton Pleteršek. "The Implementation of a Low Power Environmental Monitoring and Soil Moisture Measurement System Based on UHF RFID." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 14, 2019): 5527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245527.

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A smart sensor label based on the integration of ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and sensors is presented. The label is composed of a semi-active system that measures temperature, light, relative humidity and gravimetric water content (GWC) in the soil. The deployed system provides a simple, cost effective solution to monitor and control the growing of plants in modern agriculture and is intended be a part of a smart wireless sensor network (WSN) for agricultural monitoring. This paper is focused on analysis and development of a moisture sensor to measure GWC. It is based on a capacitance measurement solution, the accuracy of which is enhanced using several sensor driving frequencies. Thanks to the cancellation of supply voltage variations, the modeling of the GWC sensor and readout circuit was correct. The results we measured were close to modeled values. The maximum measurement resolution of the capacitive moisture sensor was 0.07 pF. To get the GWC from measured capacitance, a scale was used to weigh the mass of water in the soil. The comparison between capacitance measurement and calculated soil GWC is presented. The RFID measurement system has energy harvesting capabilities and an ultra-low power microcontroller, which uses embedded software to control the measurement properties. The microcontroller has to choose the appropriate model depending on the measured amplitude and chosen frequency to calculate the actual voltage on the sensing capacitor.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Capacitive Sensor Modeling'

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