Academic literature on the topic 'Capacité Base Collecteur'
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Journal articles on the topic "Capacité Base Collecteur"
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Rong-Tai Chen. "Capacitor-Based Multisource of Flyback-Type Power Collector." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 55, no. 8 (August 2008): 3115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2008.921247.
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Zhang, XiWen. "Research on Capacity of Network of Different Cells." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 27 (December 27, 2022): 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v27i.3819.
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For the indicator system that affects user perception, voice services such as user traffic, average call duration, call drop rate, congestion rate, paging failure rate, call start failure rate, etc; For data services, such as user connection success rate, Internet access rate, etc. The following figure shows the system architecture of the web-based user awareness assessment system. Through the network infrastructure and signaling detection system, the original signaling monitoring data, policy data of each call, analysis data collection, core network traffic statistics and alarm information are collected on a platform, and then through the preprocessing of data, a report based on the user awareness evaluation system is generated to identify problems before users, solve problems in time and provide work efficiency, Provide user perceived satisfaction. The purpose of the research is to find out the influence of the add or decrease of the base station to the capacity of the whole network in order to deal with it when we build or rebuild some base stations in the network. The research takes use of the Gaussian white noise channel as the model of the channel. And every single cell is divided into two parts to calculate the interference and the capacity of the channel. The standard to divide the cells is the base station. As the number of cells increases, the capacity of the whole network increases.
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Yu, Shang-Pang, Tun-Ping Teng, Chia-Cing Huang, Hsiang-Kai Hsieh, and Yi-Jia Wei. "Performance Evaluation of Carbon-Based Nanofluids for Direct Absorption Solar Collector." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031157.
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In this study, carbon-based nanofluids (CBNFs) were prepared using a revised vortex trap method and applied in the direct absorption solar collector (DASC) to evaluate the feasibility of CBNFs in DASC. The thermal storage performance of water and different concentrations of CBNFs (0.01, 0.025 and 0.05 wt%) was assessed with a 1000 W halogen lamp as a simulated light source under different volumetric flow rates (1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 L per minute [LPM]) at a constant thermal storage load (2.4 kg of water) and ambient temperature of 26 °C. The thermal storage capacity, system efficiency factor (SEF), and heating rate of the CBNFs as the working fluid were higher than those of water in most cases. The thermal storage capacity and SEF of 0.05 wt% CBNF at a volumetric flow rate of 3.0 LPM were 10.36% and 9.36% higher than that of water, respectively. The relevant experimental results demonstrate the great potential of CBNFs in DASC.
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Lizhu, Ma. "Study on the reliability of the carrying capacity of static pressure pipe piles in Shenyang." E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 04070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913604070.
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On the basis of the previous work, combined with the test piles collected from Shenyang area, this paper makes a detailed study of the current standard single safety factor design pile base method to the probability limit state design pile base method. The main work is statistical analysis, calculation of reliability index, analysis of the main factors affecting the reliability index of static pressure pipe pile and the analysis of its sub-coefficient coefficients, the reliability of its carrying capacity analysis has made a useful exploration.
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Shin, Dongyeeb, Yongkwon Song, Donghyeon Nam, Jun Hyuk Moon, Seung Woo Lee, and Jinhan Cho. "High-capacity sulfur copolymer cathode with metallic fibril-based current collector and conductive capping layer." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 4 (2021): 2334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta09516h.
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We report a sulfur copolymer cathode with high areal/specific capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability using carbonization-induced Ni electroplating and interfacial interaction-controlled conductive capping layer.
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Rippy, Janet F. M., Paul V. Nelson, and Ted Bilderback. "Cation Exchange Capacity and Base Saturation of 64 Peat Mosses." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1124D—1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1124d.
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Problems of inconsistent initial pH in peat moss-based substrates that are created using standard formulas for limestone additions, and pH drift from the target in those substrates may be due to variations in the CEC and BS of peat moss. This study was conducted to determine whether such variation exists. Sixty-four peat moss samples were obtained from several bogs across Alberta, Canada. Adsorbed cations on each peat moss sample were displaced with hydrochloric acid (HCl), and flushed out with three deionized water washes. The displacing/flushing solution was collected and later analyzed for concentration of bases (Ca, Mg, K, and Na) using atomic absorption spectrometry. After cations were removed, the peat moss exchange sites were saturated with barium acetate [Ba(OAc)2] to displace the H+, which were then collected by a second flushing with deionized water. This second displacing/flushing solution was titrated with measured amounts of NaOH to a phenolphthalein end point. Base saturation and CEC were calculated. There were significant variations in CEC (ranging from 108.12 to 162.25 cmol·kg-1) and BS (ranging from 13.52% to 63.97% of CEC) among the peat moss samples. Ca accounted for 78.08% of the BS. For a given peat moss, the higher the BS, the lower the neutralization requirement to achieve a target pH. Also, high CEC peat mosses may have greater buffering capacity than those with low CEC, which may result in less pH drift.
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Mohan, Mithun, and Satish Chandra. "Capacity estimation of unsignalized intersections under heterogeneous traffic conditions." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 47, no. 6 (June 2020): 651–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0796.
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Capacity of movements at unsignalized intersections are usually estimated based on gap acceptance theory and accuracy of such estimation largely depends on the extent to which its inherent assumptions are satisfied. However, owing to the typical traffic operations at intersections in developing countries, many of these assumptions remain unsatisfied and hence, estimating capacity as per the procedure laid down in the capacity manuals of developed countries will prove inaccurate. The present research focuses on developing the entire procedure for estimating the capacities of movements at unsignalized intersections dealing with heterogeneous traffic. This study is based on data collected from eight different unsignalized intersections located in various parts of India and by using Harders’ capacity model as base, the procedure to estimate the parameters of this model is revised to suit the traffic operations in developing countries and further modifies the Harders’ model using the movement capacities measured in the field.
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Putri, Indra A. S. L. P., and Fajri Ansari. "Managing Nature-Based Tourism in Protected Karst Area Based on Tourism Carrying Capacity Analysis." Journal of Landscape Ecology 14, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2021-0012.
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Abstract Nature-based tourism relies on the beauty of nature to maintain sustainability and attraction. However, karst environment is vulnerable to disturbance due to tourism activity. This study, therefore, aims to analyze the social, ecological, physical, real, and effective carrying capacity of Pattunuang Assue Nature Tourism Object, Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. Data were collected through field measurement, observation, and interviews. Data of visitors’ favorite spot and its size were measured through observation and field measurement. Visitors’ perceptions related to the destination, including their duration activities were collected through interviews. It was further collected by observing the various spots of activity, and measuring the area of restrictive factors such as physical (number of rainy days), biotic (vegetation diversity at tree level, the diversity of birds during the busy visiting hours, the initial period of the Tarsius fuscus’ birth). We also observe the equipment and infrastructure of the destination and collected data related to management through interviews with the managers. This study reveals various carrying capacity value which can be used as an option for the managers to choose the best way to manage destination in the right way. The result showed that particular activities exceeded carrying capacity but other activities far below their carrying capacity value. The study furthermore discusses how to deal with numerous activities. It also suggests an increase in the number of visitors by considering their ecological characteristics and management capacity.
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KIM, Jong H., Kyoung H. SHIN, Chang S. JIN, Dong K. KIM, Yong G. KIM, Jong H. PARK, Yong S. LEE, Yong S. JOO, and Kyung H. LEE. "The Effect of Nickel Foam Current Collector in Carbon Electrode Based Electric Double Layer Capacitor." Electrochemistry 69, no. 11 (November 5, 2001): 853–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.69.853.
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Baguet, Audrey, Inge Everaert, Benito Yard, Verena Peters, Johannes Zschocke, Ana Zutinic, Emile De Heer, Tomasz Podgórski, Katarzyna Domaszewska, and Wim Derave. "Does low serum carnosinase activity favor high-intensity exercise capacity?" Journal of Applied Physiology 116, no. 5 (March 1, 2014): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01218.2013.
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Given the ergogenic properties of β-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine) in skeletal muscle, it can be hypothesized that elevated levels of circulating carnosine could equally be advantageous for high-intensity exercises. Serum carnosinase (CN1), the enzyme hydrolyzing the dipeptide, is highly active in the human circulation. Consequently, dietary intake of carnosine usually results in rapid degradation upon absorption, yet this is less pronounced in subjects with low CN1 activity. Therefore, acute carnosine supplementation before high-intensity exercise could be ergogenic in these subjects. In a cross-sectional study, we determined plasma CN1 activity and content in 235 subjects, including 154 untrained controls and 45 explosive and 36 middle- to long-distance elite athletes. In a subsequent double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 12 men performed a cycling capacity test at 110% maximal power output (CCT 110%) following acute carnosine (20 mg/kg body wt) or placebo supplementation. Blood samples were collected to measure CN1 content, carnosine, and acid-base balance. Both male and female explosive athletes had significantly lower CN1 activity (14% and 21% lower, respectively) and content (30% and 33% lower, respectively) than controls. Acute carnosine supplementation resulted only in three subjects in carnosinemia. The CCT 110% performance was not improved after carnosine supplementation, even when accounting for low/high CN1 content. No differences were found in acid-base balance, except for elevated resting bicarbonate following carnosine supplementation and in low CN1 subjects. In conclusion, explosive athletes have lower serum CN1 activity and content compared with untrained controls, possibly resulting from genetic selection. Acute carnosine supplementation does not improve high-intensity performance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Capacité Base Collecteur"
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Ndoye, Mamadou Mustapha. "Contribution à l'étude du transistor bipolaire hyperfréquence sur puce de silicium." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10682.
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Ce travail est une contribution à l'étude du transistor bipolaire hyperfréquence sur puce de silicium. Il présente tout d’abord deux méthodes originales permettant de réduire la Capacité extrinsèque Base-Collecteur, d'augmenter la tension de claquage Base-Collecteur, d'augmenter la tension Early VA, d'augmenter le gain en puissance maximal Gpmax et d'augmenter la fréquence de transition FT. Il présente ensuite un nouveau transistor, de structure hybride entre le NPN vertical et le NPN latéral, baptisé bipolaire-CLEV (à Collecteur Latéral-Emetteur Vertical). Ce travail est généralisable à d'autres technologies de transistors hyperfréquences telles que les transistors à substrats III-V ou les transistors à hétérojonctionsThis work is a contribution to the study of the high-speed bipolar transistor on silicon chip. First, it presents two original methods allowing to reduce the Base-Collector extrinsic Capacitance, to increase the Base-Collector breakdown voltage, to increase the Voltage Early VA, to increase the maximum power gain Gpmax and to increase the transition frequency FT. Then, it presents a new transistor, hybrid structure between the vertical NPN and the lateral NPN, named bipolar-CLEV (lateral collector-vertical emitter). This study can be generalized to other high speed transistor technologies such as III-V substrate transistors or heterojunction transistors
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Ndoye, Mamadou Moustapha. "Contribution à l'étude du transistor bipolaire hyperfréquence sur puce de silicium." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10688.
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Ce travail est une contribution à l'étude du transistor bipolaire hyperfréquence sur puce de silicium. Il présente tout d’abord deux méthodes originales permettant de réduire la Capacité extrinsèque Base-Collecteur, d'augmenter la tension de claquage Base-Collecteur, d'augmenter la tension Early VA, d'augmenter le gain en puissance maximal Gpmax et d'augmenter la fréquence de transition FT. Il présente ensuite un nouveau transistor, de structure hybride entre le NPN vertical et le NPN latéral, baptisé bipolaire-CLEV (à Collecteur Latéral-Emetteur Vertical). Ce travail est généralisable à d'autres technologies de transistors hyperfréquences telles que les transistors à substrats III-V ou les transistors à hétérojonctionsThis work is a contribution to the study of the high-speed bipolar transistor on silicon chip. First, it presents two original methods allowing to reduce the Base-Collector extrinsic Capacitance, to increase the Base-Collector breakdown voltage, to increase the Voltage Early VA, to increase the maximum power gain Gpmax and to increase the transition frequency FT. Then, it presents a new transistor, hybrid structure between the vertical NPN and the lateral NPN, named bipolar-CLEV (lateral collector-vertical emitter). This study can be generalized to other high speed transistor technologies such as III-V substrate transistors or heterojunction transistors
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Ferris, Anaïs. "Structuration de collecteurs de courant d'or pour la réalisation de micro-supercondensateurs à base d'oxyde de ruthénium." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30022/document.
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Depuis une dizaine d'années, on observe un développement de l'électronique embarquée intégrée à la plupart des objets que nous utilisons au quotidien. Il s'agit maintenant de les interconnecter en créant des réseaux embarqués connectés tels que les réseaux de capteurs autonomes sans fils. La miniaturisation des composants permet d'envisager une autonomie énergétique de ces réseaux composés de capteurs, récupérateurs d'énergie et de micro-batteries. Cependant la faible durée de vie des batteries et leur puissance limitée sont problématiques pour de telles applications. Les micro-supercondensateurs représentent une alternative pertinente pour la gestion de l'énergie dans les systèmes embarqués, notamment grâce à leur durée de vie très élevée. L'objectif de cette thèse concerne l'optimisation des performances de ces dispositifs en termes de densité de puissance et d'énergie. La capacité du supercondensateur étant proportionnelle à la surface électrochimiquement active des électrodes, nous nous sommes donc intéressés à la structuration de collecteurs de courant en or pour optimiser les performances des micro-supercondensateurs à base d'oxyde de ruthénium. Nous avons sélectionné deux principales techniques pour fabriquer une structure tridimensionnelle de l'or. Dans un premier temps, le dépôt physique d'or par évaporation à angle oblique (OAD) nous a permis de réaliser un substrat colonnaire suivi d'un dépôt d'oxyde de ruthénium. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons mis en place un dépôt électrochimique d'or avec un modèle dynamique à bulles d'hydrogène. Cette technique permet la fabrication d'une structure d'or en trois dimensions par le biais d'un dépôt d'or réalisé simultanément avec une évolution d'hydrogène. L'électrodéposition de l'oxyde de ruthénium sur cette structure poreuse a montré une très bonne compatibilité notamment en terme d'homogénéité du dépôt, une forte capacité à faible vitesse de balayage (> 3 F/cm2) et une bonne cyclabilité. Pour tester les performances de ces électrodes, nous avons réalisé un dispositif complet en configuration empilée présentant de bonnes caractéristiques. Cette technologie de fabrication a pu par ailleurs être transférée à la micro-échelle pour des dispositifs planaires à l'aide de procédés de photolithographie sur électrodes interdigitéesThe increasing importance of portable and wearable electronics as well as embedded wireless sensor networks has made energy autonomy a critical issue. Micro-energy autonomy solutions based on the combination of energy harvesting and storage may play a decisive role. However, the short lifetime of micro-batteries is problematic. Micro-supercapacitors are a promising solution in terms of energy storage for embedded systems on the account of their important lifetime. In this work we have focused on the optimization of the performances of micro-supercapacitors in terms of energy and power density. As the capacitance is directly related to the accessible surface area of the electrodes, we have investigated the structuration of the current collectors in order to improve the performances of ruthenium oxide-based micro-supercapacitors. Two mains technics have been studied to obtain three dimensional structures. In a first phase, the oblique angle physical vapor deposition (OAD) has been investigated to fabricate a columnar gold structure, subsequently covered by an electrochemical ruthenium oxide. In a second phase, a highly porous gold architecture has been studied using electrodeposition via a hydrogen bubbles dynamic template. The ruthenium oxide electrodeposited on the resulting mesoporous gold structure shows good compatibility, in terms of homogeneous deposition, with a significant capacitance at slow rate (> 3F.cm-2) and an important cyclability. As proof of concept, a device has been designed in a stack configuration with good performances. Moreover, the technology finalized for electrodes fabrication has been transferred to the micro-scale on planar interdigitated devices using a suitable photolithography process
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Kang, Chi Won. "Enhanced 3-Dimensional Carbon Nanotube Based Anodes for Li-ion Battery Applications." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/955.
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A prototype 3-dimensional (3D) anode, based on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), for Li-ion batteries (LIBs), with potential use in Electric Vehicles (EVs) was investigated. The unique 3D design of the anode allowed much higher areal mass density of MWCNTs as active materials, resulting in more amount of Li+ ion intake, compared to that of a conventional 2D counterpart. Furthermore, 3D amorphous Si/MWCNTs hybrid structure offered enhancement in electrochemical response (specific capacity 549 mAhg-1). Also, an anode stack was fabricated to further increase the areal or volumetric mass density of MWCNTs. An areal mass density of the anode stack 34.9 mg/cm2 was attained, which is 1,342% higher than the value for a single layer 2.6 mg/cm2. Furthermore, the binder-assisted and hot-pressed anode stack yielded the average reversible, stable gravimetric and volumetric specific capacities of 213 mAhg-1 and 265 mAh/cm3, respectively (at 0.5C). Moreover, a large-scale patterned novel flexible 3D MWCNTs-graphene-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) anode structure was prepared. It generated a reversible specific capacity of 153 mAhg-1 at 0.17C and cycling stability of 130 mAhg-1 up to 50 cycles at 1.7C.
Books on the topic "Capacité Base Collecteur"
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Ostermann, Susan L. Capacity beyond Coercion. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197661116.001.0001.
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Abstract State capacity is often equated with coercion. The literature suggests that compliance with law is unlikely in areas where the state cannot coerce compliance. Utilizing extensive data collected in adjacent districts in India and Nepal, and exploring three different regulatory arenas, this book demonstrates that coercively weak states can significantly increase compliance by behaving pragmatically and designing implementation around known barriers to compliance. One such barrier is imperfect legal knowledge. Though legal knowledge is often assumed to be accurate, this assumption is problematic. Principal-agent problems prevent many weak states from behaving consistently, and target populations often lack education and competent legal advice. As a result, they struggle to learn about the law. States that employ regulatory pragmatism, however, may circumvent this compliance barrier. They do so by designing implementation strategies for on-the-ground realities. The book explores two such efforts—delegated enforcement and information dissemination through local leaders. The data indicate that strategies consistent with regulatory pragmatism, in contrast to those that are legally doctrinaire or deterrence-based, significantly increase legal knowledge and compliance, even where the state is locally weak. This is demonstrated in through a primary case involving compliance with conservation law, as well as through two shadow cases involving compliance with education and child labor regulation.
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Nistotskaya, Marina, and Michelle D’Arcy. Getting to Sweden. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796817.003.0002.
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This chapter argues that the roots of Sweden’s exceptional tax state lie in the early modern period. From c.1530 the state began monitoring economic activity and developing a direct vertical fiscal contract between the king and his subjects. The extensive data collected by the state, with the assistance of the newly reformed Church, facilitated fairness in the distribution of tax and conscription burdens and fostered a horizontal contract between subjects. With a free peasantry and a weak nobility, the state’s relationship with the peasantry was direct and unmediated. Furthermore, late industrialization preserved a tax structure and administration based on direct taxes that could easily adapt to the collection of modern taxes. Taken together, these factors explain how Sweden, over the course of 400 years, cultivated its fiscal capacity and strengthened the fiscal contract between ordinary taxpayers and the state.
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Valeriano, Brandon. The Correlates of Cyber Strategy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190618094.003.0003.
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This chapter explores the effects of cyber strategy and coercion through an empirical lens. It addresses this empirical gap and conducts a series of quantitative tests to answer key questions based on data collected covering the years 2000–2014. The results of the data analyses suggest cyber operations rarely produce concessions. The digital domain demonstrates minimal coercive utility to date. A state’s latent cyber capacity, as a proxy measure of potential cyber power in a state, is not a significant predictor of coercive potential. The analysis demonstrates more traditional arbiters of strategic competition such as military or economic power are likely better predictors for explaining rival behavior. Finally, it examines escalation in cyber incidents, which lead to some form of escalation 53.65% of the time. When the Russia-Georgia and Russia-Ukraine dyads are removed, all military escalation involved only threats and displays of force. Escalation observed after cyber incidents tends to be limited and consistent with rivalry dynamics.
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Beauchamps, Marie. Modelling the self, creating the other: French denaturalisation law on the brink of World War II1. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526107459.003.0011.
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Adding a historical note to a practice that has recently garnered renewed attention, this chapter looks at the policy of denaturalisation in France at the beginning of World War II. Denaturalisation law as a juridical political discourse centres on the deprivation of citizenship; it draws on security rhetoric in order to rewrite the limits of inclusion and exclusion regarding citizenship and is a means to model the national community. Based on archival material collected at the French National Archives, the chapter argues that denaturalisation law is at the core of the security/mobility dynamic: emphasising a fear of movement on the one hand, and the operationalisation of adaptable juridical practices on the other hand, denaturalisation interrupts our capacity of dissent while fixing the means to govern beyond democratic control. The analysis contributes to a better understanding of the politics of nationality where notions of selfhood and otherness are being shaped, mobilised and transformed.
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Woolley, Samuel C., and Douglas Guilbeault. United States. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190931407.003.0009.
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Do bots have the capacity to influence the flow of political information over social media? This chapter answers this question through two methodological avenues: a) a qualitative analysis of how political bots were used to support United States presidential candidates and campaigns during the 2016 election, and b) a network analysis of bot influence on Twitter during the same event. Political bots are automated software programs that operate on social media, written to mimic real people in order to manipulate public opinion. The qualitative findings are based upon nine months of fieldwork on the campaign trail, including interviews with bot makers, digital campaign strategists, security consultants, campaign staff, and party officials. During the 2016 campaign, a bipartisan range of domestic and international political actors made use of political bots. The Republican Party, including both self-proclaimed members of the “alt-right” and mainstream members, made particular use of these digital political tools throughout the election. Meanwhile, public conversation from campaigners and government representatives is inconsistent about the political influence of bots. This chapter provides ethnographic evidence that bots affect information flows in two key ways: 1) by “manufacturing consensus,” or giving the illusion of significant online popularity in order to build real political support, and 2) by democratizing propaganda through enabling nearly anyone to amplify online interactions for partisan ends. We supplement these findings with a quantitative network analysis of the influence bots achieved within retweet networks of over 4 million tweets, collected during the 2016 US election. The results of this analysis confirm that bots reached positions of measurable influence during the 2016 US election.
Book chapters on the topic "Capacité Base Collecteur"
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Vella, Mark, and Christian Colombo. "D-Cloud-Collector: Admissible Forensic Evidence from Mobile Cloud Storage." In ICT Systems Security and Privacy Protection, 161–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06975-8_10.
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AbstractDifficulties with accessing device content or even the device itself can seriously hamper smartphone forensics. Mobile cloud storage, which extends on-device capacity, provides an avenue for a forensic collection process that does not require physical access to the device. Rather, it is possible to remotely retrieve credentials from a device of interest through undercover operations, followed by live cloud forensics. While technologically appealing, this approach raises concerns with evidence preservation, ranging from the use of malware-like operations, to linking the collected evidence with the physically absent smartphone, and possible mass surveillance accusations. In this paper, we propose a solution to ease these concerns by employing hardware security modules to provide for controlled live cloud forensics and tamper-evident access logs. A Google Drive-based proof of concept, using the SEcube hardware security module, demonstrates that D-Cloud-Collector is feasible whenever the performance penalty incurred is affordable.
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Yu, Jingyang. "Socialization of Language and Morality at Chinese Christian Church of Berlin." In The Nation Form in the Global Age, 329–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85580-2_13.
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AbstractIn this chapter, I focus on the role of Chinese Christian churches in language socialization and identity formation among Chinese migrant families in Berlin. Based on ethnographic data collected during extensive fieldwork lasting two years, I examine a variety of activities at the Chinese Christian Church of Berlin and analyse the strategies the church leadership pursues to attract more Chinese immigrant families. I argue that the Chinese Christian Church of Berlin has not only created new paths enhancing Chinese language capacity, it has also provided a space for moral socialization and utilized religious discourse and practice to shape a nationalist identity for Chinese immigrants in the diaspora.
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Momtaz, S., M. Asaduzzaman, and Z. Kabir. "A gendered approach to understanding climate change impacts: lessons from a coastal region of Bangladesh." In Gender, climate change and livelihoods: vulnerabilities and adaptations, 11–25. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247053.0002.
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Abstract The purpose of this chapter is to understand the vulnerability of women's livelihoods to climate change impacts in Bangladesh. Data were collected through a survey of 150 randomly selected women from a sample of households. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, participant observations, and a transect walk, provided supporting information to substantiate the household surveys. The chapter first outlines the theoretical foundation on which the research is based. This is followed by examining women's vulnerability in the study area. The chapter then describes women's coping strategies in the face of climate change-induced disasters. The chapter further explores women's adaptive capacity through the examination of their access to various services. It ends with a set of recommendations for policy makers in order to improve the situation of women's vulnerability.
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Maguta, John Kibe, Daniel M. Nzengya, Chrocosiscus Mutisya, and Joyce Wairimu. "Building Capacity to Cope with Climate Change-Induced Resource-Based Conflicts Among Grassroots Communities in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2611–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_131.
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AbstractKenya is among the world’s most vulnerable countries to climate change-related stresses and extreme events. According to FAO, over 75% of the country is classified as arid and semiarid with rainfall availability and amounts quite unevenly spread across the different parts of the country. The country has very skewed distribution of water sources with the western area being relatively well endowed with abundant water resources. The exponential growth in the country’s population over the years, together with rapid environmental degradation and poor water resource development programs, have worsened the country’s vulnerability to the effects of climate change. Ethnic conflicts over land resources are common-place in Kenya’s rural areas where majority of the people live and the effects of extreme climate change events are likely to exacerbate resource-based conflicts. In this chapter we explore the extent of climate change-induced resource conflicts in three counties along rainfall availability gradient, namely, Kiambu County which experiences relatively high rainfall and also high urban population, Machakos County, which generally experiences modest rainfall availability, and Makueni County regarded to be one of the most arid and semiarid counties in the country. Data were collected in 2017 using a closed ended questionnaire. Between-subjects MANOVA design was used to examine relationship between independent and dependent variables. Qualitative results of the open-ended question reveal that climate change impacts can be diverse, particularly for vulnerable regions such as arid and semiarid regions such as Makueni County. In this county, respondents mentioned nine ways climate change had impacted communities, with the most frequently mentioned impact being increasing food insecurity followed by increasing water shortages. Machakos followed with seven impacts mentioned starting with increased water shortages followed by scarcity of pasture. In Kiambu County, only four impacts were mentioned with food insecurity being frequently mentioned among the list of impacts of climate change in the county. Results of the descriptive and inferential statistics reveal that resource-based conflicts vary along the hydrological gradient. In Machakos County, resource-based conflicts are perceived to have risen during the last 5 years (M = 3.92, SD = 0.66), followed by Makueni (M = 4.10, SD = 0.670). Kiambu residents do not consider resource-based conflicts to have risen during the last 5 year, (M = 2.50, SD = 1.38). Differences in severity of climate related conflicts are statistically significant, F2, 76 = 12.78, p <0.01. Also, climate change is strongly perceived to be a factor in the rise of resource-based conflicts in Machakos County (M = 4.10, SD = 0.67). In Makueni County as well, climate change is perceived to be a significant contributor to resource-based conflicts (M = 3.98, SD = 1.70). These findings have relevance on county and national policies targeted to build capacity to cope with climate change induced resource-based conflicts among grassroot communities in Kenya.
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Roos, Vera, Puleng Segalo, and Ngenisiwe Ntombela. "Situationally and Relationally Guided Ethical Conduct for Researchers: A Community-Based Research Project to Design and Develop an ICT Intervention." In Age-Inclusive ICT Innovation for Service Delivery in South Africa, 85–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94606-7_4.
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AbstractGrowing discomfort with uncritical applications of generic universal ethics to community-based research, prompted us to (1) problematize a decontextualized application of ethics; (2) apply two heuristic constructs—situatedness and relationality—to a community-based project; and (3) propose revised guidelines for researchers in this field. The we-DELIVER project illustrates our processes for obtaining data from older (60+) South Africans to inform the development of a technology-based ecosystem, Yabelana, which gives them access to service information. In three phases (planning, implementation, and dissemination), we present the situatedness of researchers (including student fieldworkers) and communities. Drawing on relationality, we first expanded older participants’ capacity to engage by offering choices and by involving student fieldworkers who shared the same background as the participants to facilitate the use of the technology; and, second, we facilitated optimal interactions by being clear about the nature of the data being collected and by applying social engagement strategies to relate and interact optimally. An optimal interpersonal context preceded technology introduction. The chapter concludes with a plea for reconsideration of current universalized and decontextualized ethical protocols that too often perpetuate situational and relational ignorance. We propose, instead, ethical guidelines for community-based research that engages relationally with participants and best suits their contexts.
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Anderson, Peter, Levon Blue, Thu Pham, and Melanie Saward. "What We Need for Success: Recommendations and Wishes." In SpringerBriefs in Education, 105–12. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5178-7_8.
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AbstractThroughout this book, we have shared our experiences of conducting capacity-building workshops and undertaking research about the needs and experiences of Indigenous HDR students in Australia. In total, we heard from 147 participants which included 113 Indigenous HDR students across Australia and 34 supervisors of Indigenous HDR students. The insights received from both Indigenous HDR students and supervisors revealed that there are still opportunities to improve the HDR experience for Indigenous students. Based on our findings, in this chapter, we expand on the recommendations outlined in the Moreton-Robinson et al.’s (Report on Indigenous success in higher degree by research. Prepared for the Australian Government, Department of Education and Training, 2020) report to include new data collected in 2020 from 32 Indigenous HDR students. We hope our recommendations, once acted upon, will have a positive impact on the success of Indigenous HDR students and that the insights shared by the Indigenous HDR candidates we heard from will have meaning and relevance for anyone pursuing a research degree.
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Barau, Aliyu, and Aliyu Sani Wada. "Do-It-Yourself Flood Risk Adaptation Strategies in the Neighborhoods of Kano City, Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_190-1.
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AbstractThe urban poor in developing countries is hit hardest by climate-related extreme events such as flooding. Also, informal settlements lacking municipal support and immediate public response to flooding incur losses and thus exacerbate their sufferings. Left out or left alone, the vulnerable people from some parts of the ancient city of Kano develop their own efforts to protect themselves against the recurrent flood events. Hence, this chapter examines the nature of community-driven do-it-yourself (DIY) adaptation The data was collected through field-based surveys, interviews, and questionnaires to enable in-depth analysis of the problem from socioecological point of view. The results identified flood drivers to include the nature of surface topography, torrential rainfalls, lapses, and inadequacies in the availability of drainage infrastructure and human behavioral lapses in drainage management. On the other hand, the DIY adaptation manifests in the use of sandbags, de-siltation of drainage, construction of fences, and drainage diversions. It is important to highlight that DIY adaptation is a good strategy; however, municipal authorities must come to the aid of such communities and revisit the absence of urban planning by supporting them through capacity building to find more effective solutions to the challenges of the changing climate and environment.
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Barau, Aliyu, and Aliyu Sani Wada. "Do-It-Yourself Flood Risk Adaptation Strategies in the Neighborhoods of Kano City, Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1353–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_190.
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AbstractThe urban poor in developing countries is hit hardest by climate-related extreme events such as flooding. Also, informal settlements lacking municipal support and immediate public response to flooding incur losses and thus exacerbate their sufferings. Left out or left alone, the vulnerable people from some parts of the ancient city of Kano develop their own efforts to protect themselves against the recurrent flood events. Hence, this chapter examines the nature of community-driven do-it-yourself (DIY) adaptation The data was collected through field-based surveys, interviews, and questionnaires to enable in-depth analysis of the problem from socioecological point of view. The results identified flood drivers to include the nature of surface topography, torrential rainfalls, lapses, and inadequacies in the availability of drainage infrastructure and human behavioral lapses in drainage management. On the other hand, the DIY adaptation manifests in the use of sandbags, de-siltation of drainage, construction of fences, and drainage diversions. It is important to highlight that DIY adaptation is a good strategy; however, municipal authorities must come to the aid of such communities and revisit the absence of urban planning by supporting them through capacity building to find more effective solutions to the challenges of the changing climate and environment.
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Ali, Murad. "Monitoring and Evaluation in South-South Cooperation: The Case of CPEC in Pakistan." In The Palgrave Handbook of Development Cooperation for Achieving the 2030 Agenda, 289–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57938-8_13.
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AbstractPakistan is a key country in China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) where the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is under implementation. An investment model of financing through loans, grants and private investments, CPEC is an example of South-South cooperation (SSC) having a number of benefits for both countries. Aimed at developing energy, industry, and communication infrastructure, the corridor initially valued at $46 billion but is now worth $62 billion. CPEC is expected to contribute significantly to socio-economic development and regional connectivity and trade. The main research question is, while implementing projects in Pakistan, to what extent China adheres to its avowed principles comprising features such as mutual respect, non-conditionality, equality, building local capacity and addressing actual needs of partner countries. Based mainly on the analysis of primary data collected during fieldwork in Pakistan, this research explores the extent to which the official narrative influences the actual practice of China’s development cooperation on the ground. To critically examine CPEC, this chapter uses a monitoring and evaluation framework developed by the Network of Southern Think Tanks (NeST), which is dedicated to generating systematic and clearly comparable knowledge on SSC (Besharati et al. 2017). The findings illustrate that, as per the five broad dimensions of the SSC framework, the China–Pakistan partnership under CPEC has performed well in the four areas of inclusive national ownership, horizontality, self-reliance and sustainability, and development effectiveness, but it has lagged in accountability and transparency.
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Cyrilo, Eugen, and Claude G. Mung'ong'o. "Assessment of socio-ecological resilience of agropastoralists to climate change and variability impacts in Bariadi district, Tanzania." In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania, 122–52. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0122.
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Abstract In developing countries like Tanzania, societal vulnerability to the risks of climate change and variability (CC&V) exacerbate ongoing social and economic challenges because people's livelihoods are largely dependent on resources that are sensitive to climate change such as agriculture. Although studies show that most communities in Africa have low adaptive capacity, for centuries people have developed traditional adaptation strategies to face climate inter-annual variability and extreme events based on their long-term experiences. Various studies show how CC&V have impacted the socio-economic and and environmental conditions among the pastoral and agropastoral societies. However, little emphasis has been given to studying the community's resilience status to CC&V impacts. Much of the focus has been placed on studying the community vulnerability and impacts of CC&V as well as coping and adaptation strategies to avert CC&V impacts. Little is known on how the interaction between society and nature can enhance or reduce community resilience under changing climate. The study was conducted in two villages, Ibulyu and Mahaha, in Bariadi District. The main objective of the study was to deepen our understanding of the socio-ecological resilience of agropastoral communities to CC&V impacts in a semi-arid district. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research designs. Quantitative data were captured through a household survey whereas qualitative data was collected through focus group discussion, key informant interviews and field observation. The results show that CC&V have negatively affected the farming system in the study area. The ecological setting of the area has significantly been altered to the extent that it cannot provide the required ecosystem services and products that are important for human and livestock sustainance. Changes in the production system have negatively affected community resilience and increased their vulnerability.
Conference papers on the topic "Capacité Base Collecteur"
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Khullar, Vikrant, Himanshu Tyagi, Patrick E. Phelan, Todd P. Otanicar, Harjit Singh, and Robert A. Taylor. "Solar Energy Harvesting Using Nanofluids-Based Concentrating Solar Collector." In ASME 2012 Third International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2012-75329.
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Dispersing trace amounts of nanoparticles into the base-fluid has significant impact on the optical as well as thermo-physical properties of the base-fluid. This characteristic can be utilized in effectively capturing as well as transporting the solar radiant energy. Enhancement of the solar irradiance absorption capacity of the base fluid scales up the heat transfer rate resulting in higher & more efficient heat transfer. This paper attempts to introduce the idea of harvesting the solar radiant energy through usage of nanofluid-based concentrating parabolic solar collectors. In order to theoretically analyze the nanofluid-based concentrating parabolic solar collector (NCPSC) it has been mathematically modeled, and the governing equations have been numerically solved using finite difference technique. The results of the model were compared with the experimental results of conventional concentrating parabolic solar collectors under similar conditions. It was observed that while maintaining the same external conditions (such as ambient/inlet temperatures, wind speed, solar insolation, flow rate, concentration ratio etc.) the NCPSC has about 5–10% higher efficiency as compared to the conventional parabolic solar collector. Furthermore, some parametric studies were carried out which reflected the effect of various parameters such as solar insolation, incident angle, convective heat transfer coefficient etc. on the performance indicators such as thermal efficiency etc.
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O’Neil, Tyler J. E., Celine S. L. Lim, and Sarvenaz Sobhansarbandi. "Thermal Analysis of Phase Change Material Based Heat Transfer Fluid in Solar Thermal Collector." In ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2020-8942.
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Abstract Phase change materials (PCMs) are commonly used as energy storage mediums in solar thermal systems. This paper investigates the mixture of PCM doped with nanoparticles to be used as HTFs directly integrated in a U-pipe ETC to be applied in solar thermal collectors. The selected type of PCM-HTF in this study is erythritol (C4H10O4), with high specific heat capacity in liquid form, as well as its unique sub-cooling behavior. In order to overcome the low thermal conductivity of erythritol and further enhance specific heat capacity, a weight concentration of 1% multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) is added. Additionally, to insure even distribution of MWCNT and consistent properties of the HTF, triethanolamine (TEA) is proposed to be incorporated as a dispersant. The samples were each tested in a Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) to analyze their thermal properties. The results from the DSC tests show 12.4% enhancement of specific heat capacity of the proposed HTF mixture as well as nearly 5° C depression of freezing onset temperature. This study allows for the optimization of the operating temperature range of the collector when integrated with these materials, where direct heat gain can be obtained in the collector.
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Paul, Titan C., A. K. M. M. Morshed, Elise B. Fox, Ann E. Visser, Nicholas J. Bridges, and Jamil A. Khan. "Enhanced Thermal Performance of Ionic Liquid-Al2O3 Nanofluid as Heat Transfer Fluid for Solar Collector." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18145.
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Next generation Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) system requires high operating temperature and high heat storage capacity heat transfer fluid (HTF), which can significantly increase the overall system efficiency for power generation. In the last decade several research going on the efficacy of ionic liquids (ILs) as a HTF in CSP system. ILs possesses superior thermophysical properties compare to currently using HTF such as Therminol VP-1 (mixture of biphenyl and diphenyl oxide) and thermal oil. However, advanced thermophysical properties of ILs can be achieved by dispersing small volume percentage of nanoparticles forming nanofluids, which is called Nanoparticle Enhanced Ionic Liquids (NEILs). In the present study NEILs were prepared by dispersing 0.5% Al2O3 nanoparticles (spherical and whiskers) in N-butyl-N, N, N-trimetylammonium bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imide ([N4111][NTf2]) IL. Viscosity, heat capacity and thermal conductivity of NEILs were measured experimentally and compared with the existing theoretical models for liquid–solid suspensions. Additional, the convective heat transfer experiment was performed to investigate thermal performance. The thermal conductivity of NEILs enhanced by ∼5%, heat capacity enhanced by ∼20% compared to the base IL, which also gives 15% enhancement in heat transfer performance.
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Zhou, W., G. (Terry) Huang, and S. Zhang. "Model Error Assessment of Burst Capacity Models for Corroded Pipes." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90335.
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The model errors associated with five representative burst pressure prediction models, namely B31G, B31G Modified, DNV, PCORRC and RSTRENG, for corroded pipelines are evaluated based on a relatively large number full-scale burst tests on corroded pipes reported in the literature. All the test specimens in the database contain single isolated real corrosion defects. The means, coefficients of variation (COVs) and probability distribution of the model errors for the considered burst capacity models are derived based on the test-to-predicted burst pressure ratios for the collected test data. A numerical example is used to illustrate the impact of the model error on the probability of burst of the corroding pipeline.
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Modrek, Mohamad, and Ali Al-Alili. "Thermal and Electrical Performance of a Flat Plate Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector." In ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3462.
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Excess temperatures in photovoltaic panels may cause degradation in the panels’ electrical performance in short term. Moreover, photovoltaic cells may be damaged in the long term due to high operating temperatures. Therefore, photovoltaic thermal collectors (PVT)s have been proposed in order to solve these issues. PVT collectors allow the cooling of photovoltaic panels by heat extraction using a working fluid such as water or air. PVT collectors provide higher electrical output than standalone Photovoltaic (PV) panels while occupying a smaller area compared to a single solar thermal and a PV panel for the same capacity. In this study, the performance of a liquid cooled flat PVT collector under the climatic conditions of the United Arab Emirates is going to be investigated. The transient system simulation software (TRNSYS) is used to simulate the PVT system. The PVT system includes the PVT collectors, thermal storage tank, electrical storage, DC/AC inverter, pumps, and controllers. The effect of various design variables on the PVT electrical and thermal output is going to be studied. The design variables are the collector azimuth angle, slope of the collector, volume of the storage tank, and water mass flow rate through the PVT collector. The electrical and thermal outputs of the sized PVT system will be compared to that of a standalone PV panel electrical output and a standalone flat plate collector thermal output. Based on the obtained results, conclusions on the feasibility of using PVT collectors, under the weather conditions of the United Arab Emirates, will be deduced.
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Zhou, W., and G. (Terry) Huang. "Model Error Assessment of Burst Capacity Models for Defect-Free Pipes." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90334.
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The model errors associated with 19 burst pressure prediction models for defect-free thin-walled pipes are evaluated using a total of 76 full-scale burst test data of perfect pipes and pressure vessels collected from the literature. The considered models are based on the Tresca yield criterion, the von Mises yield criterion, or the average shear stress yield criterion. The probabilistic characteristics of the model error, i.e. the mean, coefficient of variation and best-fit probability distribution, are obtained based on the test-to-predicted ratios. The applicability of an empirical equation for estimating the strain hardening exponent in the burst capacity models is also evaluated. The model errors obtained in this study can be used in the structural reliability analysis of energy pipelines with respect to the limit state of burst of defect-free pipes and will facilitate the reliability-based design and assessment of pipelines.
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Aliahmad, Nojan, Mangilal Agarwal, Sudhir Shrestha, and Kody Varahramyan. "Paper-Based Lithium Magnesium Oxide Battery." In ASME 2013 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 41st North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2013-1243.
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Replacing of metal current collectors with flexible materials has great potentials of improving flexibility, weight, and applications of Li-ion batteries. This paper presents fabrication and experimental results of lithium magnesium oxide (LiMn2O4) battery using conductive paper current collectors. A thin layer of LiMn2O4 was coated on paper current collectors using air-spray method, and half-cell devices were fabricated. Experimental capacity of 130 mAh/g is reported. The porous structure of cellulous fibers in the current collector improves the adhesion of electrode materials on the substrate, which provides higher flexibility and lighter weight.
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Golozar, M., K. Chien, and T. W. Coyle. "Synthesis of Porous Super-Capacitor Electrodes using the SPPS Deposition Technique." In ITSC2011, edited by B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and A. McDonald. DVS Media GmbH, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2011p0869.
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Abstract Electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) owe their large capacitance to high specific surface area carbon-based electrode materials adhered to a current collector via an adhesive. However, recent studies attribute greater electrical energy storage capacity to transition metal oxides/nitrides: a new generation of electrode materials for use in super-capacitors with mixed double-layer and pseudo-capacitive properties. Solution Precursor Plasma Spray (SPPS) deposition is a technique that allows coatings to be fabricated with fine grain sizes, high porosity levels, and high surface area; characteristics ideal for application as transition metal oxide super-capacitor electrodes. A liquid injection apparatus was designed to inject the liquid into the DC-arc plasma and to investigate the effects of various operating parameters such as spray distance, solution concentration and solution flow rate on the chemistry and surface topography of the deposits. Understanding and controlling the evolution of the precursor solution in the DC-arc plasma jet is crucial in producing coatings of the desired structures. DTA/TGA, SEM, XRD, and electrochemical analyses performed to characterize the coatings will be discussed, and the potential of the deposits for use in super-capacitors will be assessed.
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He, Ziming, and Wenxing Zhou. "Machine Learning Tools to Predict the Burst Capacity of Pipelines Containing Dent-Gouges." In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-87176.
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Abstract Dent-gouges as a result of the mechanical damage have serious implications for the burst capacity of oil and gas pipelines. The burst capacity of pipelines containing dent-gouges is lower than that of the same plain dented pipelines without gouges and that of the same gouged pipelines without dents. The well-known burst capacity prediction model adopted by the European Pipeline Research Group, i.e. the EPRG model, results in predictions of the burst capacity with high variability. In this study, a machine learning tool is employed to improve the predictive accuracy of the EPRG model for pipelines containing dent-gouges. To this end, a relatively large number of full-scale burst tests of pipe specimens containing dent-gouges are collected from the literature. The Gaussian process regression (GPR) technique, which is a class of non-parametric Bayesian model widely used in the machine learning, is employed to improve the EPRG model based on the collected full-scale burst test data. The full-scale burst tests are used to evaluate the hyper-parameters involved in the GPR analysis and validate the predictive accuracy of the improved EPRG model after the application of GPR. To facilitate the practical application of the improved EPRG model, a computer program with a graphic user interface (GUI) is further developed to compute the burst capacity of pipelines containing dent-gouges by inputting key parameters such as the pipe geometry and material properties as well as sizes of the dent and gouge through a GUI. This research will improve the fitness-for-service assessment of pipelines containing dent-gouges.
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Hayashi, Shoji, Masatoshi Watanabe, Yukiji Iwase, Kyoichi Kanno, and Keiichi Fujimori. "Development of a Household Vacuum Cleaner With a New Cyclone Dust Collector." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37014.
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A household vacuum cleaner named “Tatsumaki cyclone” with a new cyclone dust collector was developed. It has a unique horizontal layout called the inverted cyclone layout that features a dust bunker adjacent to a cyclone cylinder with an up-draught airflow. It also has a new airflow arrangement called triple-suction airflow that separates airflow after removing dust at the cyclone cylinder. The main suction airflow is exhausted from the main port (which is downstream of the cyclone cylinder) through an inner cylinder. The sub-suction airflow is exhausted from the dust bunker after it heavily compresses the dust (sub port). The center suction airflow is exhausted from the center port. In this study, we used the Cartesian grid system to simulate the flow field inside the dust collector. This system uses only rectangular parallelepiped meshes; profiles of the dust collector were represented by stepped surfaces of cubic meshes. Each mesh was generated based on whether it was inside or outside the solid body of the dust collector. High-performance computers have recently been used to help generate super-fine meshes that fit closely the smooth shape of a dust collector. The Cartesian grid system has the advantage of being able to quickly generate square-meshes of complex shape that can be converted directly from the CAD data. We simulated the velocity distribution of single-suction, twin-suction and triple-suction models. The single-suction model had only a main port to exhaust airflow, the twin-suction model had a main port, and a sub port, and the triple-suction model had a main port, a sub port, and a center port. In this study, a Cartesian grid system with a finite difference method was used to correct the unsteady three-dimensional flows. After the simulation, we experimented with pressure losses and measured change in air quantity by the dust load of each model. These steps enabled us to develop a new cyclone dust collector called Tatsumaki cyclone as part of a compact household vacuum cleaner with lower pressure loss and a larger capacity dust bunker.
Reports on the topic "Capacité Base Collecteur"
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Gottlieb, Yuval, and Bradley A. Mullens. Might Bacterial Symbionts Influence Vectorial Capacity of Biting Midges for Ruminant Viruses? United States Department of Agriculture, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7699837.bard.
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- Original objectives and revision: The feasibility study performed in the last year was aimed at determining the symbiotic profiles of eight selected Culicoidesspecies in Israel and the USA by: Comparing bacterial communities among geographic populations of primary bluetongue virus (BTV) vectors. Comparing bacterial communities between adults of field-collected, mammal-feeding BTV vectors and non-vectors. Comparing bacterial communities within and between mammal feeders and bird feeders, with special attention to species with unique immature habitats. We made an effort to collect the eight species during the beginning of the project, however, due to the short available collection season, and the significant changes in habitats available for Israeli Culicoides, we initially determined the symbiotic profile of five species: two BTV vectors (C. sonorensis, C. imicola), one mammal feeders with unknown vectoring ability (C. schultzei), one bird feeder (C. crepuscularis), and one unique habitat species (C. cacticola). In addition, upon preliminary symbiont identification we focused our effort on relevant specific symbionts. Background: Biting midges (Culicoides, Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of many major viral diseases affecting farm animals, including BT, which is listed among the most damaging by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and has recently emerged in completely unexpected areas (Northern Europe). One of the strategies to reduce the vectorial capacity of insect vectors is by manipulating their specific symbionts either to affect the vector species or to influence performance of the disease agent within it. Despite significant efforts to elucidate the vectorial capacity of certain Culicoidesspecies, and the critical basis of variability in infection, almost no attention has been given to symbiotic interactions between the vector and its bacterial tenants. It is now established that bacterial symbionts have major influences on their host biology, and may interact with disease agents vectored by their hosts. - Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: During the feasibility project we have found two major bacterial symbionts in Israeli and American Culicoides. In Israel we discovered that C. imicola, a known vector of BT, and C. schultzeigp. a suspected vector of BT, carry the symbiotic bacterium Cardinium, a reproductive manipulator symbiont. In C. imicolathe infection rate was close to 50%, and in C. schultzeiit was lower, and restricted to one of two species within Schultzeigroup. In 3 American species (C. sonorensis, C. crepuscularis, C. cacticola) we found the bacterium Burkholderiasp. In all species tested we have also found other bacterial species in diverse quantities and frequencies. - Implications, both scientific and agricultural: Finding specific symbionts in Culicoidesvector species is the first step in developing symbiont based control (SBC) strategies. Both identified symbionts are known from other insects, and Cardiniumis also known as a reproductive manipulator that can cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, an important phenomenon that can be used for spreading desired traits in infected populations. The role of the symbionts in Culicoideshost can be target for manipulation to reduce the vectorial capacity of the host by either changing its fitness so that it is unable to serve as a vector, or by directly changing the symbiont in a way that will affect the performance of the disease agent in its vector. Since Burkholderiaperhaps can be cultured independently of the host, it is a promising candidate for the later option. Thus, we have now opened the door for studying the specific interactions between symbionts and vector species.
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Arif, Sirojuddin, Risa Wardatun Nihayah, Niken Rarasati, Shintia Revina, and Syaikhu Usman. Of Power and Learning: DistrictHeads, Bureaucracy, and EducationPolicies in Indonesia’s Decentralised Political System. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/111.
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This paper examines the politics of education policies in a decentralised political system. Under what conditions does decentralisation promote learning-enhancing policies? Despite the numerous works that have been written on decentralisation and education, little is known about how politics influenced local education policies. To address this problem, this paper looks at the linkages between local politics, bureaucratic capacity, and the development of learning-enhancing policies in Indonesia’s decentralised political system. More specifically, it assesses how regional variation in the discretionary power of district heads over employment decisions in the state bureaucracy explains the variation in local education policies in four districts in Indonesia. The primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with political leaders, bureaucrats, district education councils, school principals, teachers, teacher organisations, parents, non-government and community-based organisations, journalists, academicians, and other relevant informants. Using Mill’s method of difference, the comparative analysis presented in this paper demonstrates that institutional constraints on the discretionary power of the district head over employment decisions in the state bureaucracy do matter for the development of learning-enhancing policies. Such constraints can pave the way for the development of the bureaucratic capacity required for governments to pursue learning-enhancing policies. Absent constraints on the discretionary power of district heads over employment decisions in the state bureaucracy, the extent to which districts implement learning-enhancing policies will depend on district heads’ commitment to student learning.
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Liera, Carla, Mónica García, Kim Andersson, and Elisabeth Kvarnström. Combining sewered and non-sewered sanitation in Montero, Bolivia: scaling up sustainably. Stockholm Environment Institute, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.007.
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The city of Montero, through the cooperative utility COSMOL, has successfully implemented on-site sanitation services for part of its population, in parallel to sewer-based services. However, additional solutions, capacity development and strengthening of governance systems are needed to allow for increased sustainability, for both the sewered and non-sewered sanitation services in the city. Technical improvements are still needed in wastewater and excreta management and treatment, to reduce health and environmental impacts. However, optimizing the existing sanitation systems could increase environmental, health and hygiene sustainability. Urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs) have the potential to reduce environmental impact the most, once optimized and if urine and faeces are collected and treated for reuse. Local farmers have expressed demand for sanitation reuse products, as long as low price and quality can be guaranteed. From a household perspective, demand exists for high levels of service and maintenance by providers, no matter the type of system, to ensure simple maintenance by users. But the sanitation system still needs to be affordable, match cleanliness expectations, and remain free of odours, mosquitos and rodents. Upscaling on-site sanitation systems depends strongly on the support of the public institutions and resources available, including legal, economic and technical resources, as well as having a long-term vision.
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Bozek, Michael, and Tani Hubbard. Greater Yellowstone Network amphibian monitoring protocol science review: A summary of reviewers’ responses. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293614.
Full textAbstract:
Science reviews are an essential cornerstone of all excellent science programs and are a requirement of monitoring programs within the Inventory and Monitoring Division of the National Park Service (NPS). Science reviews provide necessary professional critique of objectives, study design, data collection, analysis, scientific interpretation, and how effectively information is transferred to target audiences. Additionally, reviews can help identify opportunities to cooperate more effectively with interested and vested partners to expand the impacts of collective findings across larger landscapes. In December 2020, seven biologists from USGS, USFWS, and NPS provided a critical review of the Greater Yellowstone Network Amphibian Monitoring Protocol for monitoring Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris), boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata), western toads (Anaxyrus boreas), western tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium), and environmental conditions at wetland sites clustered within watershed units in Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks. This review followed sixteen years of GRYN amphibian and wetland monitoring, allowing us to evaluate the impact of the work thus far and to discuss potential improvements to the protocol. Reviewers were asked to assess the following amphibian monitoring objectives per Bennetts et al. (2013, Cooperative amphibian monitoring protocol for the Greater Yellowstone Network: Narrative, version 1.0, https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2194571) and to assess the degree to which GRYN is meeting the objectives based on the current sampling, analyses, and reporting: Objective 1: Estimate the proportion of catchments and wetland sites used for breeding by each of the four common, native amphibian species annually, and estimate the rate at which their use is changing over time. Objective 2: Determine the total number of wetlands within sampled catchments that are suitable for amphibian breeding (i.e., have standing water during the breeding season) annually. Objective 3: For western toads, estimate the proportion of previously identified breeding areas that are used annually, and estimate the rate at which their use may be changing over time. Generally, reviewers commended the GRYN Amphibian Monitoring Program, including the design, the statistical rigor of current analytical approaches, the large number of monitoring reports and publications, and the audiences reached. Reviewers unanimously felt that the first two objectives of this protocol are being met for two species (Columbia spotted frogs and boreal chorus frogs) in medium- and high-quality catchments, and all but one reviewer also felt these objectives are being met for western tiger salamanders. It was universally recognized that objective 3 for western toads is not being met but reviewers attributed this to issues related to funding and capacity rather than design flaws. Reviewers felt the current design provides an adequate base for parlaying additional work and offered suggestions focused on increasing efficiencies, maximizing information that can be collected in the field, strengthening analyses, and improving scientific outreach. In this document, we summarize reviewers' comments and include their full written reviews in Appendix B.
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Wolfenson, David, William W. Thatcher, and James E. Kinder. Regulation of LH Secretion in the Periovulatory Period as a Strategy to Enhance Ovarian Function and Fertility in Dairy and Beef Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586458.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The general research objective was to increase herd pregnancy rates by enhancing corpus luteum (CL) function and optimizing follicle development, in order to increase conception rate and embryo survival. The specific objectives were: to determine the effect of the duration of the preovulatory LH surge on CL function; to determine the function of LH during the postovulatory period on CL development; to optimize CL differentiation and follicle development by means of a biodegradable GnRH implant; to test whether optimization of CL development and follicle dynamics in timed- insemination protocols would improve fertility in high-yielding dairy cows. Low fertility in cattle results in losses of hundreds of millions of dollars in the USA and Israel. Two major causes of low fertility are formation of a functionally impaired CL, and subsequent enhanced ovarian follicle development. A functionally impaired CL may result from suboptimal LH secretion. The two major causes of low fertility in dairy cattle in US and Israel are negative energy status and summer heat stress; in both situations, low fertility is associated with reductions in LH secretion and impaired development of the ovulatory follicle and of the CL. In Florida, the use of 450-mg deslorelin (GnRH analogue) implants to induce ovulation, under the Ovsynch protocol resulted in a higher pregnancy rates than use of 750-mg implants, and pregnancy losses tended to decrease compared to controls, due probably to decrease in follicular development and estradiol secretion at the time of conceptus signaling to maintain the CL. An alternative strategy to enhance progesterone concentrations involved induction of an accessory CL by injection of hCG on day 5 after the cows were inseminated. Treatment with hCG resulted in 86% of the cows having two CLs, compared with 23% of the control cows. Conception rates were higher among the hCG-treated cows than among the controls. Another approach was to replace the second injection of GnRH analogue, in a timed-insemination protocol, with estradiol cypionate (ECP) injected 24 h after the injection of PGF₂ₐ Pregnancy rates were comparable with those obtained under the regular Ovsynch (timed- AI) program. Use of ECP induced estrus, and cows inseminated at detected estrus are indeed more fertile than those not in estrus at the time of insemination. Collectively, the BARD-supported programs at the University of Florida have improved timed insemination programs. In Ohio, the importance of the frequency of LH episodes during the early stages of the estrous cycle of cattle, when the corpus luteum is developing, was studied in an in vivo experiment in which cows were subjected to various episodic exposures to exogenous bovine LH. Results indicate that the frequent LH episodes immediately following the time of ovulation are important in development of the corpus luteum, from the points of view of both size and functionality. In another study, rates of cell proliferation and numbers of endothelial cells were examined in vitro in CLs collected from cows that received post-ovulation pulsatile LH treatment at various frequencies. The results indicate that the corpora lutea growth that results from luteal cell proliferation is enhanced by the episodes of LH release that occur immediately after the time of ovulation in cattle. The results also show that luteal endothelial cell numbers did not differ among cows treated with different LH doses. In Israel. a longer duration of the preovulatory LH surge stimulated the steroidogenic capacity of granulosa-derived luteal cells, and might, thereby, contribute to a higher progesterone output from the bovine corpus luteum. In an in vivo study, a subgroup of high-yielding dairy cows with extended estrus to ovulation interval was identified. Associated with this extended interval were: low plasma progesterone and estradiol concentrations and a low preovulatory LH surge prior to ovulation, as well as low post- ovulation progesterone concentration. In experiments based on the above results, we found that injection of GnRH at the onset of estrus increased the LHpeak, prevented late ovulation, decreased the variability between cows and elicited high and uniform progesterone levels after ovulation. GnRH at estrus onset increased conception rates, especially in the summer, and among primiparous cows and those with low body condition. Another study compared ovarian functions in multiparous lactating cows with those in nulliparous non-lactating heifers. The results revealed differences in ovarian follicular dynamics, and in plasma concentrations of steroids and gonadotropins that may account for the differences in fertility between heifers and cows.
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A SURROGATE MODEL TO ESTIMATE THE AXIAL COMPRESSIVE CAPACITY OF COLD-FORMED STEEL OPEN BUILT-UP SECTIONS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.316.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposed a surrogate model to simplify the process of estimating the axial compressive capacity of cold-formed steel (CFS) open built-up sections composed of lipped channels with different section sizes, thickness, length, and connector spacing. The surrogate model was developed based on the current design methods, i.e., the Effective Width Method (EWM) and Direct Strength Method (DSM), which are codified in the North American Specification AISI S100-16. This new model features two surface regression equations with a boundary inequality criteria, anchored on two important parameters, i.e., modified slenderness ratio, (KL/r)m and minimum thickness-to-width ratio (t/w)min of the built-up sections. The model was validated with 1089 sets of the experimental results data collected from previous research tested on the axial capacity of CFS open built-up sections with the different design configurations. The proposed surrogate model is aimed to simplify the design process among practising engineers for a quick preliminary calculation of the axial compressive capacity of these new CFS open built-up sections.