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Academic literature on the topic 'CAP2'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "CAP2"

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Schneider, Felix, Isabell Metz, Sharof Khudayberdiev, and Marco B. Rust. "Functional Redundancy of Cyclase-Associated Proteins CAP1 and CAP2 in Differentiating Neurons." Cells 10, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061525.

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Cyclase-associated proteins (CAPs) are evolutionary-conserved actin-binding proteins with crucial functions in regulating actin dynamics, the spatiotemporally controlled assembly and disassembly of actin filaments (F-actin). Mammals possess two family members (CAP1 and CAP2) with different expression patterns. Unlike most other tissues, both CAPs are expressed in the brain and present in hippocampal neurons. We recently reported crucial roles for CAP1 in growth cone function, neuron differentiation, and neuron connectivity in the mouse brain. Instead, CAP2 controls dendritic spine morphology and synaptic plasticity, and its dysregulation contributes to Alzheimer’s disease pathology. These findings are in line with a model in which CAP1 controls important aspects during neuron differentiation, while CAP2 is relevant in differentiated neurons. We here report CAP2 expression during neuron differentiation and its enrichment in growth cones. We therefore hypothesized that CAP2 is relevant not only in excitatory synapses, but also in differentiating neurons. However, CAP2 inactivation neither impaired growth cone morphology and motility nor neuron differentiation. Moreover, CAP2 mutant mice did not display any obvious changes in brain anatomy. Hence, differently from CAP1, CAP2 was dispensable for neuron differentiation and brain development. Interestingly, overexpression of CAP2 rescued not only growth cone size in CAP1-deficient neurons, but also their morphology and differentiation. Our data provide evidence for functional redundancy of CAP1 and CAP2 in differentiating neurons, and they suggest compensatory mechanisms in single mutant neurons.

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Hong, Suk-Joo, Youn-Kwan Park, Jung Hyuk Kim, Soon Hyuck Lee, Kyung Nam Ryu, Cheol Min Park, and Yeon Soo Kim. "The biomechanical evaluation of calcium phosphate cements for use in vertebroplasty." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 4, no. 2 (February 2006): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2006.4.2.154.

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Object The authors evaluate the biomechanical properties of vertebral bodies (VBs) stabilized with calcium phosphate (CaP) cements for use in vertebroplasty in comparison with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Methods In the first phase of the study, 73 VBs (T3–L2; thoracic region [T3–8] and thoracolumbar region [T9–L2]) were collected from seven fresh human cadavers. Compression tests were performed before and after vertebroplasty using PMMA (compression strength 80 MPa) and three kinds of CaP cements—CaP1 (5 MPa), CaP2 (20 MPa), and CaP3 (50 MPa). The authors compared the maximal compression loads (MCLs) and stiffness before and after vertebroplasty in each of the four cement groups. In the second phase of the study, 18 paired spinal units (PSUs) were collected from three fresh human cadavers, and the authors injected two types of cement selected from the first phase of the study into the lower level of six PSUs. They compared the MCLs of the untreated and two treated groups (there were six PSUs in each type of group) to analyze the tendency of inducing compression fractures in the upper level of the PSUs. The MCLs of the PMMA-injected vertebrae were significantly increased after vertebroplasty. The MCL levels of the CaP3-injected vertebrae and the CaP2-injected thoracolumbar vertebrae were decreased from those of untreated vertebrae without being significant. The MCLs of CaP1-injected vertebrae and CaP2-injected thoracic vertebrae were significantly decreased after vertebroplasty. The stiffness of all cement groups was decreased after vertebroplasty compared with initial stiffness, significantly so in all three thoracic CaP groups. In the second compression test with PSUs, the MCLs of the CaP2- and CaP3-injected PSUs were not significantly different from those of the untreated control PSUs. Conclusions The CaP3-injected vertebrae restored the MCLs of human vertebrae closer to their initial levels than the PMMA-injected vertebrae did. The CaP2- and CaP3-injected PSUs showed no tendency to induce compression fractures in adjacent VBs.

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Mears, Harriet V., and Trevor R. Sweeney. "Mouse Ifit1b is a cap1-RNA–binding protein that inhibits mouse coronavirus translation and is regulated by complexing with Ifit1c." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 51 (October 19, 2020): 17781–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.014695.

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Knockout mouse models have been extensively used to study the antiviral activity of IFIT (interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats). Human IFIT1 binds to cap0 (m7GpppN) RNA, which lacks methylation on the first and second cap-proximal nucleotides (cap1, m7GpppNm, and cap2, m7GpppNmNm, respectively). These modifications are signatures of “self” in higher eukaryotes, whereas unmodified cap0-RNA is recognized as foreign and, therefore, potentially harmful to the host cell. IFIT1 inhibits translation at the initiation stage by competing with the cap-binding initiation factor complex, eIF4F, restricting infection by certain viruses that possess “nonself” cap0-mRNAs. However, in mice and other rodents, the IFIT1 orthologue has been lost, and the closely related Ifit1b has been duplicated twice, yielding three paralogues: Ifit1, Ifit1b, and Ifit1c. Although murine Ifit1 is similar to human IFIT1 in its cap0-RNA–binding selectivity, the roles of Ifit1b and Ifit1c are unknown. Here, we found that Ifit1b preferentially binds to cap1-RNA, whereas binding is much weaker to cap0- and cap2-RNA. In murine cells, we show that Ifit1b can modulate host translation and restrict WT mouse coronavirus infection. We found that Ifit1c acts as a stimulatory cofactor for both Ifit1 and Ifit1b, promoting their translation inhibition. In this way, Ifit1c acts in an analogous fashion to human IFIT3, which is a cofactor to human IFIT1. This work clarifies similarities and differences between the human and murine IFIT families to facilitate better design and interpretation of mouse models of human infection and sheds light on the evolutionary plasticity of the IFIT family.

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Tublitz, N. J., and J. W. Truman. "Insect cardioactive peptides. I. Distribution and molecular characteristics of two cardioacceleratory peptides in the tobacco hawkmoth, Manduca sexta." Journal of Experimental Biology 114, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.114.1.365.

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Using an in vitro heart bioassay, the pharmacological and biochemical properties of two cardioactive peptides derived from neural tissues of the moth, Manduca sexta, were analysed. Gel filtration of ventral nerve cords (VNC) from pharate adults identified two cardioacceleratory peptides (CAP1 and CAP2) with apparent molecular weights of 1000 and 500 Da, respectively. Both CAPs were localized to the abdominal perivisceral organs, the major neurohaemal release sites in the insect VNC. Pulse application of CAP1 or CAP2 on the in vitro Manduca heart produced a dose-dependent increase in rate but had no effect on beat amplitude. The threshold dose for the action of each peptide on the isolated heart bioassay was less than 0.05 abdominal nerve cord equivalents. Both CAPs were present in the pharate adult VNC of several other Lepidopteran species. Neither CAP1 nor CAP2 was detected in the prepupal VNC of Manduca sexta.

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Grini, Paul E., Gerd Jürgens, and Martin Hülskamp. "Embryo and Endosperm Development Is Disrupted in the Female Gametophytic capulet Mutants of Arabidopsis." Genetics 162, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 1911–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/162.4.1911.

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Abstract The female gametophyte of higher plants gives rise, by double fertilization, to the diploid embryo and triploid endosperm, which develop in concert to produce the mature seed. What roles gametophytic maternal factors play in this process is not clear. The female-gametophytic effects on embryo and endosperm development in the Arabidopsis mea, fis, and fie mutants appear to be due to gametic imprinting that can be suppressed by METHYL TRANSFERASE1 antisense (MET1 a/s) transgene expression or by mutation of the DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION1 (DDM1) gene. Here we describe two novel gametophytic maternal-effect mutants, capulet1 (cap1) and capulet2 (cap2). In the cap1 mutant, both embryo and endosperm development are arrested at early stages. In the cap2 mutant, endosperm development is blocked at very early stages, whereas embryos can develop to the early heart stage. The cap mutant phenotypes were not rescued by wild-type pollen nor by pollen from tetraploid plants. Furthermore, removal of silencing barriers from the paternal genome by MET1 a/s transgene expression or by the ddm1 mutation also failed to restore seed development in the cap mutants. Neither cap1 nor cap2 displayed autonomous seed development, in contrast to mea, fis, and fie mutants. In addition, cap2 was epistatic to fis1 in both autonomous endosperm and sexual development. Finally, both cap1 and cap2 mutant endosperms, like wild-type endosperms, expressed the paternally inactive endosperm-specific FIS2 promoter GUS fusion transgene only when the transgene was introduced via the embryo sac, indicating that imprinting was not affected. Our results suggest that the CAP genes represent novel maternal functions supplied by the female gametophyte that are required for embryo and endosperm development.

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Kohtz, DS, V. Georgieva-Hanson, JD Kohtz, WJ Schook, and S. Puszkin. "Mapping two functional domains of clathrin light chains with monoclonal antibodies." Journal of Cell Biology 104, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.104.4.897.

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The two forms of clathrin light chains (LCA and LCB) or clathrin-associated proteins (CAP1 and CAP2) have presented an immunochemical paradox. Biochemically similar, both possess two known functional parameters: binding the clathrin heavy chain and mediating the action of an uncoating ATPase. All previously reported anti-CAP mAbs, however, react specifically with only CAP1 (Brodsky, F. M., 1985, J. Cell Biol., 101:2047-2054; Kirchhausen, T., S. C. Harrison, P. Parham, and F. M. Brodsky, 1983, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 80:2481-2485). Four new anti-CAP mAbs are reported here: two, C-7H12 and C-6C1, react with both forms; two others, C-10B2 and C-4E5, react only with the lower form. Sandwich ELISAs indicated that C-10B2, C-4E5, C-6C1, and C-7H12 react with distinct epitopes. Monoclonal antibodies C-10B2 and C-4E5 immunoprecipitate clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) and react with CAP2 epitopes accessible to chymotrypsin on the vesicle. These mAbs inhibit phosphorylation of CAP2 by endogenous CCV casein kinase II. In contrast, C-6C1 and C-7H12 react with epitopes that are relatively insensitive to chymotrypsin. CAP peptide fragments containing these epitopes remain bound to reassembled cages or CCVs after digestion. Immunoprecipitation and ELISAs demonstrate that C-7H12 and C-6C1 react with unbound CAPs but not with CAPs bound to triskelions or CCVs. The data indicate that the CAPs consist of at least two discernible structural domains: a nonconserved, accessible domain that is relevant to the phosphorylation of CAP2 and a conserved, inaccessible domain that mediates the binding of CAPs to CCVs.

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Aspit, Liam, Aviva Levitas, Sharon Etzion, Hanna Krymko, Leonel Slanovic, Raz Zarivach, Yoram Etzion, and Ruti Parvari. "CAP2 mutation leads to impaired actin dynamics and associates with supraventricular tachycardia and dilated cardiomyopathy." Journal of Medical Genetics 56, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105498.

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BackgroundDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a primary myocardial disease leading to contractile dysfunction, progressive heart failure and excessive risk of sudden cardiac death. Around half of DCM cases are idiopathic, and genetic factors seem to play an important role.AimWe investigated a possible genetic cause of DCM in two consanguineous children from a Bedouin family.Methods and resultsUsing exome sequencing and searching for rare homozygous variations, we identified a nucleotide change in the donor splice consensus sequence of exon 7 in CAP2 as the causative mutation. Using patient-derived fibroblasts, we demonstrated that the mutation causes skipping of exons 6 and 7. The resulting protein is missing 64 amino acids in its N-CAP domain that should prevent its correct folding. CAP2 protein level was markedly reduced without notable compensation by the homolog CAP1. However, β-actin mRNA was elevated as demonstrated by real-time qPCR. In agreement with the essential role of CAP2 in actin filament polymerization, we demonstrate that the mutation affects the kinetics of repolymerization of actin in patient fibroblasts.ConclusionsThis is the first report of a recessive deleterious mutation in CAP2 and its association with DCM in humans. The clinical phenotype recapitulates the damaging effects on the heart observed in Cap2 knockout mice including DCM and cardiac conduction disease, but not the other effects on growth, viability, wound healing and eye development. Our data underscore the importance of the proper kinetics of actin polymerization for normal function of the human heart.

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Kumar, Parimal, Trevor R. Sweeney, Maxim A. Skabkin, Olga V. Skabkina, Christopher U. T. Hellen, and Tatyana V. Pestova. "Inhibition of translation by IFIT family members is determined by their ability to interact selectively with the 5′-terminal regions of cap0-, cap1- and 5′ppp- mRNAs." Nucleic Acids Research 42, no. 5 (December 25, 2013): 3228–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1321.

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AbstractRibosomal recruitment of cellular mRNAs depends on binding of eIF4F to the mRNA’s 5′-terminal ‘cap’. The minimal ‘cap0’ consists of N7-methylguanosine linked to the first nucleotide via a 5′-5′ triphosphate (ppp) bridge. Cap0 is further modified by 2′-O-methylation of the next two riboses, yielding ‘cap1’ (m7GpppNmN) and ‘cap2’ (m7GpppNmNm). However, some viral RNAs lack 2′-O-methylation, whereas others contain only ppp- at their 5′-end. Interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFITs) are highly expressed effectors of innate immunity that inhibit viral replication by incompletely understood mechanisms. Here, we investigated the ability of IFIT family members to interact with cap1-, cap0- and 5′ppp- mRNAs and inhibit their translation. IFIT1 and IFIT1B showed very high affinity to cap-proximal regions of cap0-mRNAs (K1/2,app ∼9 to 23 nM). The 2′-O-methylation abrogated IFIT1/mRNA interaction, whereas IFIT1B retained the ability to bind cap1-mRNA, albeit with reduced affinity (K1/2,app ∼450 nM). The 5′-terminal regions of 5′ppp-mRNAs were recognized by IFIT5 (K1/2,app ∼400 nM). The activity of individual IFITs in inhibiting initiation on a specific mRNA was determined by their ability to interact with its 5′-terminal region: IFIT1 and IFIT1B efficiently outcompeted eIF4F and abrogated initiation on cap0-mRNAs, whereas inhibition on cap1- and 5′ppp- mRNAs by IFIT1B and IFIT5 was weaker and required higher protein concentrations.

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Adachi, Masataka, Yohei Masugi, Ken Yamazaki, Katsura Emoto, Yusuke Kobayashi, Eiichiro Tominaga, Kouji Banno, Daisuke Aoki, and Michiie Sakamoto. "Upregulation of cyclase-associated actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein 2 in epithelial ovarian cancer correlates with aggressive histologic types and worse outcomes." Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 50, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyaa026.

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Abstract Objective Cyclase-associated actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein 2 (CAP2) regulates actin dynamics to control cell cycles and cell migration. CAP2 overexpression contributes to cancer progression in several tumor types; however, the role of CAP2 expression in ovarian cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the significance of CAP2 expression in epithelial ovarian tumor. Methods We evaluated CAP2 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunocytochemistry and examined the effect of CAP2 silencing in migration and proliferation assays. CAP2 immunohistochemistry was conducted using tissue specimens from 432 ovarian carcinoma patients; a further 55 borderline and benign 65 lesions were analyzed. CAP2 expression levels were defined as low, intermediate or high, for correlation analysis with clinicopathological factors. Results CAP2 expression was significantly higher in cell lines from Type II ovarian cancer than in those in Type I, and knockdown of CAP2 showed decreased migration and proliferation. Higher levels of CAP2 expression in human tissues were associated with Type II histology, residual lesion, lymph node metastasis, ascites cytology and higher clinical stage. High CAP2 expression levels were observed in 26 (23.4%) of 111 Type II ovarian cancers and in 16 (5.0%) of 321 Type I cancers but not in any borderline or benign lesions. Multivariate analyses showed that CAP2 expression in ovarian cancer is an independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival (P = 0.019). Conclusion CAP2 expression is upregulated in aggressive histologic types of epithelial ovarian cancer and serves as a novel prognostic biomarker for patient survival.

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Tublitz, N. J., A. T. Allen, C. C. Cheung, K. K. Edwards, D. P. Kimble, P. K. Loi, and A. W. Sylwester. "Insect cardioactive peptides: regulation of hindgut activity by cardioacceleratory peptide 2 (CAP2) during wandering behaviour in Manduca sexta larvae." Journal of Experimental Biology 165, no. 1 (April 1, 1992): 241–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.165.1.241.

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The functional relationship between cardioacceleratory peptide 2 (CAP2) and hindgut activity during wandering behaviour was investigated in fifth-instar larvae of the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta. Inspection of the alimentary canal on the day prior to wandering showed that the gut, in preparation for metamorphosis, was voided of all contents by 18:00 h. Associated with this event, which we refer to as ‘gut emptying’, was an increase in the frequency of hindgut contractions measured in vivo. No change in heart activity was seen during this developmental period. Measurements of the amount of CAP2 in the central nervous system (CNS) of fifth-instar caterpillars revealed that CAP2 storage levels declined sharply on the day of gut emptying. The drop in CNS levels of CAP2 at gut emptying was temporally correlated with the appearance of CAP2 in the haemolymph. CAP2, when applied at physiological concentrations to an in vitro larval hindgut bioassay, caused changes in several parameters, including contraction frequency and amplitude, and basal tension. In vivo administration of CAP2 elicited hindgut responses that were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those seen in vitro. Developmental studies on changes in CAP2 responsiveness during the last larval instar demonstrated that the hindgut is maximally sensitive to CAP2 on the day of gut emptying. Direct evidence in support of a role for CAP2 in fifth-instar larvae was provided by experiments in which the increase in gut activity in vivo seen at gut emptying was significantly reduced by injections of an anti-CAP antibody. Based on data from cobalt backfills and anti-CAP immunohistochemical staining, we propose that CAP2 exerts its effect on the larval hindgut at wandering via a local release from CAP-containing neurones in the terminal ganglion that project directly to the hindgut.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CAP2"

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Eskandarnaz, Ali [Verfasser]. "Entwicklung eines monoklonalen Antikörpers gegen CAP2 und seine Anwendung bei der Analyse der Gehirnentwicklung / Ali Eskandarnaz." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037399501/34.

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VANDERMEULEN, LINA LORNA. "UNDERSTANDING THE EARLY STAGES OF ALZHEIMER¿S DISEASE PATHOGENESIS: CAP2 AS A LINK BETWEEN SPINE DYSMORPHOGENESIS AND THE AMYLOID CASCADE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/646592.

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La malattia di Alzheimer (AD) è caratterizzata da depositi di beta-Amiloide (Aβ) e di proteina tau iperfosforilata. L’enzima ADAM10 taglia la Proteina Precursore dell’Amiloide (APP) impedendo la formazione di Aβ. L’attività e la localizzazione sinaptica di ADAM10 sono modulate da proteine che interagiscono con la coda citoplasmatica di ADAM10. Ciò considerato, abbiamo condotto un “two-hybrid screening” che ha permesso l’identificazione di cyclase-associated protein 2 (CAP2) come nuovo partner di ADAM10. Le CAPs sono proteine che legano l’actina e sono coinvolte in rimodellamento del citoscheletro e trafficking vescicolare in cellule non neuronali. Un’analisi di microarray ha rivelato come in campioni autoptici da pazienti affetti da AD vi sia una riduzione dell’espressione di CAP2. Pertanto, lo scopo del presente progetto è valutare il ruolo del complesso ADAM10/CAP2/actina nella formazione di Aβ e nella disfunzione sinaptica legata all’AD. I principali risultati di questo progetto indicano che: - CAP2 è in grado di formare aggregati e di interagire sia con actina che ADAM10 - È nell’ippocampo di topi CAP2 knock-out, i livelli postsinaptici di ADAM10 e della subunità GluN2A del recettore NMDA siano drasticamente ridotti, indicando come possibile causa la mancanza di CAP2. Il complesso CAP2/actina influenza l’endocitosi di ADAM10, perciò la sua modulazione è fondamentale per la localizzazione sinaptica di ADAM10. L’analisi di neuroni ippocampali di topi CAP2 knock-out ha evidenziato un’alterazione della morfologia delle spine dendritiche, indicando come la mancanza di CAP2 possa influenzare la plasticità strutturale dei neuroni. Inoltre abbiamo rilevato un aumento dei livelli di Aβ1-42 nell’ippocampo di topi CAP2 knock-out. - Per quanto riguarda AD, nei campioni di ippocampo di pazienti affetti da AD, così come nell’ippocampo di un modello murino di AD, è riscontrabile riduzione di CAP2 e la sua localizzazione sinaptica. In aggiunta, il complesso ADAM10/CAP2/actina è alterato in questi stessi campioni. - CAP2 ha un ruolo importante nei fenomeni di plasticità sinaptica attività-dipendente e nella plasticità aberrante indotta da oligomeri di Aβ, processi in grado di modificare la localizzazione sinaptica di CAP2 e l’interazione con i suoi partner. Alla luce di questi risultati, abbiamo disegnato due approcci terapeutici per modulare la via di CAP2. Nel primo caso, abbiamo overespresso CAP2 in un modello in vitro di AD e abbiamo osservato un aumento della localizzazione sinaptica di ADAM10. In secondo luogo, poiché l’interazione CAP2/Actina è aumentata in AD e questo complesso è importante per la localizzazione sinaptica di ADAM10, abbiamo sviluppato dei peptidi permeabili alle cellule (CPP) in grado di interferire con l’interazione CAP2/Actina. Il trattamento con CPP determina un incremento dei livelli sinaptici di ADAM10 e ne aumenta l’attività nei confronti di APP. In conclusione, dal nostro studio emerge come CAP2 sia potenziale target farmacologico per AD.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) depositions and hyperphosphorylated tau. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10), is responsible for the α-secretase cleavage of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), that prevents Aβ generation. The synaptic localization and its activity towards APP are modulated by protein partners, which interact with the cytoplasmic tail of ADAM10. Considering this, we performed a two-hybrid screening that identified actin-binding protein “cyclase-associated protein 2” (CAP2) as a novel binding partner of ADAM10. CAPs are implicated in actin cytoskeleton remodelling and vesicle trafficking of non-neuronal cells, and microarray analysis of AD patient hippocampi specimens revealed a down-regulation of CAP2 in AD patients. Therefore, the aim of this project is to evaluate the role of the ADAM10/CAP2/actin complex in the amyloid cascade and in AD-related synaptic dysfunction. The main results of the project indicate that: - CAP2 is self-aggregating and interacts with both actin and ADAM10. - In the hippocampus of CAP2 knockout mice the synaptic levels of ADAM10 and of the NMDA receptor subunit GluN2A are significantly reduced, suggesting that the lack of CAP2 affects their localization. In particular, the CAP2/actin complex is essential for ADAM10 synaptic localization since it is involved in ADAM10 endocytosis. Additionally, we detect an altered spine density and morphology in hippocampal neurons of CAP2 knockout mice, and they show elevated levels of the toxic Aβ1-42 in their hippocampus. These data indicate the relevance of CAP2 in synaptic function and structural plasticity. - Regarding AD, a reduction in CAP2 protein levels and in its synaptic localization is detected in the hippocampi of AD patients and AD mice. In addition, alterations in the association of CAP2 to actin and ADAM10 are found. - CAP2 has a role in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity mediated by long-term potentiation, and in aberrant plasticity triggered by Aβ oligomers, which regulate CAP2 synaptic localization and association to its binding partners. In light of these results, we designed two potential therapeutic approaches to tackle the CAP2 pathological pathway in AD. First, we overexpressed CAP2 in an in vitro system modeling AD, and we found an increase in ADAM10 synaptic levels after overexpression of CAP2. Secondly, since the CAP2-actin complex is increased in AD pathogenesis and this complex seems to be important for ADAM10 synaptic localization, we designed a cell-permeable peptide (CPP) to interfere with the CAP2-actin association. The interference by the CPP treatment can affect ADAM10 synaptic levels and increases its activity towards APP. Overall these data indicate that CAP2 is a potential pharmacological target to increase ADAM10 synaptic localization as a novel AD therapeutic strategy.

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Kepser, Lara-Jane [Verfasser], and Marco B. [Akademischer Betreuer] Rust. "The Role of the Actin Regulator Cyclase-associated Protein 2 (CAP2) for Mammalian Skeletal Muscle Development. / Lara-Jane Kepser ; Betreuer: Marco B. Rust." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220423564/34.

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Kileo, Mercy Kansari. "A capabilities analysis of teachers' perceptions of caps in a Cape Town low-income school community in the Western Cape Province." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6403.

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Magister Educationis - Med
Since the dawn of democracy, the South African government has set up different measures to improve education in schools, inter alia the provision of funding, resources, feeding schemes and the introduction and amendment to different curricula. The current education policy, the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS), was adopted in 2012 following three other consecutive education policies that had not delivered to the desired standard in terms of educational outcome. This study focuses on the perceptions of teachers in terms of their freedom to pursue the aims of CAPS in low-income school communities. The teachers' perceptions and freedoms were explored and analyzed using the Capabilities Approach (CA) authored by Amartya Sen which forefronts the capabilities (the ability to achieve) and the functionings (real achievements). Teachers' perceptions were therefore explored and analyzed in terms of freedoms and unfreedoms they enjoy and face in the process of transferring the knowledge to learners. The thesis studied and analyzed the capabilities and perceptions of teachers in terms of their real freedoms through the deconstruction of their experiences.

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Ashgar, Sami S. "Identification and characterisation of two novel autotransporter proteins, designated CapA and CapB, in Campylobacter jejuni." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408625.

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Lynch, Ryan. "High Returns and Low Volatility: The Case for Mid-Cap Stocks." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/450.

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This study examines excess risk-adjusted returns generated by mid-cap firms with an average market equity between $2.4 billion and $5.5 billion in 2017. Researchers have heavily studied the small-firm effect since its identification in the early 1980s, leading investors to overweight small-cap securities. Additional investments in the small-cap segment caused the small-cap anomaly to weaken. This study finds that excess returns of small-cap firms compared to mid-cap firms are not statistically significant in the periods 1946 – 2017 and 1982 -2017. However, mid-cap firms generate significantly higher 3-year average returns relative to small and large-cap firms after the initial identification of the small-cap anomaly (1982 – 2017). Further, mid-cap securities generate a higher risk-adjusted return after the small-cap anomaly was identified. This study hypothesizes the mid-cap anomaly results from greater growth potential for mid-caps relative to large-caps while still being large enough to weather economic storms. This study also hypothesizes that non-size related factors have the largest impact on the mid-cap segment. The results support the existence of a mid-cap anomaly; however, the results suggest the anomaly is not a result of the growth potential of firms within the segment. Additionally, the results suggest non-size related factors such as book-to-market and operating profitability have the smallest impact on mid-cap securities. Therefore, this study concludes excess returns generated by mid-cap securities represent a true anomaly that is not dependent upon non-size related factors.

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Casoni, Giorgia. "Lithiation-borylation methodology : new classes of metal carbenoid precursors for the iterative homologation of boronic esters." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/a23ba6dc-ca82-4390-98df-bd8e5ac940c3.

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The work described in this thesis details the development of new classes of metallated carbenoids to be used in the homologation of boronic esters. 2-Phenyl-azetidinium ylide, generated in situ by deprotonation of 2-phenylazetidinium triflate, reacted with boronic esters to give, after ring-opening 1,2-metallate rearrangement, γ-dimethylamino tertiary boronic esters. The process proved to be not stereospecific, owing to the configurational instability of the generated intermediated ylide, which presumably exists in equilibrium with the open chain carbene species. The use of enantioenriched α-sulfinyl benzoates as precursors to lithium and magnesium carbenoids for the stereoselective reagent-controlled homologation of boronic esters has also been developed. α-Sulfinyl benzoates could be synthesised in very high enantiopurity from racemic lithiated benzoates by transmetalation to the corresponding magnesiated benzoates followed by electrophilic trapping with enantiomerically pure Andersen’s sulfinate. Alternatively, the α-sulfinyl benzoates could be prepared by alkylation of methylene α-sulfinyl benzoate. The carbenoid precursors were subsequently employed in the homologation of boronic esters, a process that proved to be efficient using either t-BuLi or i-PrMgClžLiCl to trigger the sulfoxide−metal exchange, giving the homologated products in high yield and excellent stereofidelity. The development of one-, two- and three-carbon building blocks for the homologation of boronic esters enabling the introduction of diverse functional groups has also been investigated.

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Srihari, Krishnaswami. "Macro-CAPP: a CAPP CIM interface." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87671.

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There exists today a variety of Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) systems that have been designed, developed, and implemented irrespective of the facility's condition and status. It is often found in practice that Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) constituents such as production control, loading, sequencing, scheduling, etc. do not interact with Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM), or CAPP. They operate as stand alone techniques that are not interrelated in the CIM scenario. This could be overcome through increased, improved communication between CAD, CAPP, CAM, and other CIM constituents. CAPP has to be tied into the computerization of other CIM functions. An approach in this direction is what this research presents. Its uniqueness is that it relates CAPP in a flexible manufacturing system atmosphere with scheduling, in effect relating CAPP with production control. It integrates process selection and route generation with factors such as facility congestion, work in process, flowtime, machine utilization and dynamic shop conditions. The generation of alternate routes, and the incorporation of this technique in a CAPP system is an unique approach to the problem of interrelating CAPP with other CIM components. This involved the design and development of software that can model facility capacity, understand part construction, maintain and track shop status, reason through the facility capacity to arrive at possible machining sequences and job routes, and apply a heuristic to arrive at the job route through the facility. This results in the introduction and implementation of the concept of dynamic scheduling and alternate route generation in CAPP systems. The objective in global terms was to construct a CAPP system that considers routing and production control for a FMS that consists of several high capacity, modern machines. The concepts mentioned above are combined and coalesced in a CAPP system that truly provides computerized assistance to the process planning function at a macro-level. This research attempts to create a truly integrated CAPP system within a CIM atmosphere.
Ph. D.

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Brown, Kristina M. "Cap to Cape| An Examination of CVC Words| The Effects of Response to Intervention in a First Grade Class." Thesis, Trinity Christian College, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10979329.

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This study focuses on progress monitoring regarding CVC (consonant-vowel-consonant) words with three first grade students. The aim of this project is to find the most appropriate frequency of assessment in progress monitoring of first grade students who receive Tier 2 response to intervention for consonant vowel consonant words over a three-month period. Three students were chosen to participate in Response to Intervention (RTI) for literacy. These students received twenty minutes of RTI instruction four days a week. Response to Intervention is a process used by educators to help students who are struggling with a skill or lesson. These three students needed additional instruction with consonant vowel consonant (CVC) words. Each of the three students were progress monitored and assessed either twice a week, once a week, or biweekly. Data was collected on each student to show progress during the three-month period. The purpose of this study is to learn which frequency of progress monitoring is appropriate for students to gain progress over a length of time when receiving RTI instruction.

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Faridani, Jacqueline. "Dynamics of nonabelian Dirac monopoles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:71be8f51-cab2-48dc-bb7c-fb0274851c97.

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Ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) exist in yeast both as a single chromosomal array of tandemly repeated units and as extrachromosomal units named 3um plasmids, although the relationship between these two forms is unclear. Inheritance of rDNA was studied using two systems. The first used a naturally occuring rDNA restriction enzyme polymorphism between two strains to distinguish between their rDNA arrays, and the second involved cloning a tRNA suppressor gene into rDNA to label individual rDNA units. An added interest to the study of the inheritance of rDNA in yeast was the possible association between it and the inheritance of the Psi factor, an enigmatic type of nonsense suppressor in yeast which shows extra-chromosomal inheritance. In a cross heterozygous for the rDNA polymorphism and the psi factor, tetrad analysis suggested that the psi factor had segregated 4:0. The majority of the rDNA units segregated in a 2:2 fashion, which suggested that reciprocal recombination in the rDNA of psi⁺ diploids is heavily suppressed as was previously shown for psi^- diploids. A heterologous plasmid containing the tRNA suppressor gene was constructed and transformed into haploid and diploid hosts. A series of transformants was obtained and physical and genetic analysis suggested that they contained tRNA suppressor gene(s) integrated into their rDNA. In a cross heterozygous for rDNA-tRNA gene insert(s), 6% of the tetrads dissected showed a meiotic segregation of the suppressed phenotype which could most probably be accounted for by inter-chromosomal gene conversion. This observation could be interpreted in two ways. Firstly, recombination intermediates between rDNA on homologues may occur in meiosis, but they are mostly resolved as gene conversions without reciprocal cross-over. Alternatively, gene conversion tracts in rDNA are rare but very long so that the tRNA gene insert was always included in the event. 3um rDNA plasmids containing the tRNA gene marker were not detected in any of the transformants analysed. An extensive quantitative analysis of the rate of reversion of the suppressed phenotype amongst these transformants identified a particulary unstable transformant group. It was proposed that the mechanism of reversion was loss of the tRNA gene insert by unequal sisterstrand exchange, and the mechanism was shown to be independent of the recombination/repair genes RAD1, RAD52, and RAD51. A genetic analysis of stability suggested that there may have been at least two loci segregating in the host strains with additive effects on stability.

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Books on the topic "CAP2"

1

Bolzoni, Attilio. Il capo dei capi: Vita e carriera criminale di Totò Riina. Milano: A. Mondadori, 1993.

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Vaṇṇa. Hui capʻ capʻ dī capʻ capʻ. Ranʻ kunʻ: Toʻ Vaṅʻ Cā pe, 1994.

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Pe, On. Capʻ mi capʻ rā. Ranʻ kunʻ: Muiʺ Maṅʻʺ Cā pe, 1995.

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Passos, Simone, Lucian Domingues, Leonardo Borges, and Luciano Ferreira, eds. Capo. Uberlândia, MG, Brazil: Culturatrix, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/978-65-997833-0-2.

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Watson, Peter. Capo. London: Richard Cohen, 1995.

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Caps. New York: Cader Books, 1996.

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Capo. London: Richard Cohen, 1995.

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Peter, Watson. Capo. London: Richard Cohen Books, 1995.

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Canada. Acts for the promotion of education in Lower Canada: 9 Vict., cap. 27; 12 Vic., caps. 50 and 200; 14 and 15 Vict., cap. 97; 16 Vict., caps. 74, 208 and 209; 19 and 20 Vict., caps. 14 and 54. Toronto: S. Derbishire & G. Desbarats, 2001.

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ʼEʺ, Ññvanʻʹ. Hui capʻ capʻ saññʻ capʻ capʻ Moṅʻ Mhatʻ nhaṅʻʹ rasa kuiyʻ puiṅʻ puṃ praṅʻ myāʺ. Mrokʻ Ukkalāpa, [Rangoon]: Soʻ Ka Cā pe, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "CAP2"

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Huang, Xiaoqiu. "Performance of the CAP2 sequence assembly program." In DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, 259–69. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/dimacs/047/13.

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Posypaiko, V. I., and E. A. Alekseeva. "CaF2." In Phase Equilibria in Binary Halides, 74–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9024-4_22.

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Posypaiko, V. I., and E. A. Alekseeva. "CaI2." In Phase Equilibria in Binary Halides, 82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9024-4_23.

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Silva, Ana, Roberta Jorge, João Silveira, Mirna Brayner, Augusto Oliveira, Ana Melo, Weibson André, Wesley Ribeiro, and Mirele Vasconcelos. "Instrumentos legais utilizados em diferentes países em escala global para harmonizar o uso de animais para fins científicos 2." In Modelos Animais: da legislação à experimentação, 59–106. Imprensa Universitária, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51996/9788574853994.cap2.

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Araujo Donato, Julia, Lucas Rodrigues Costa, Maria Carolina Gonçalves da Silva, and Priscila de Paiva Castro. "ATOM: acesso, difusão e descrição dos documentos da SNJ." In Soluções Tecnológicas para Gestão do Conhecimento sobre Juventude: um modelo de ecossistema, 25–38. IBICT, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18225/9788570131621.cap2.

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Berríos-Campos, Claudia. "Las violencias del no reconocimiento: Los límites del discurso moderno occidental y la cosmovisión andina como propuesta en Rosa Cuchillo." In Partera de la historia. Violencia en literatura, performance y medios audiovisuales en Latinoamérica, 47–65. Editora Nómada, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47377/parterahist-cap2.

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Alves de Sena, Adirce Juliana, and Cristiane Cavalcante Souto Teixeira. "PROGRAMA NACIONAL DAS ESCOLAS CÍVICO-MILITARES: CONCEPÇÃO E PROPÓSITOS." In O Programa Nacional das Escolas Cívico-Militares da concepção do modelo aos primeiros resultados: Relatos e experiências de pesquisadores, gestores e educadores das Escolas Cívico-Militares, 43–68. Ibict, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22477/9786589167396.cap2.

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O Programa Nacional das Escolas Cívico-Militares (PECIM) é composto por um conjunto de ações direcionadas ao fomento e ao fortalecimento das Escolas Cívico-Militares a partir de um modelo de gestão de excelência nas áreas educacional, didático-pedagógica e administrativa e foi desenvolvido pelo Ministério da Educação com o apoio do Ministério da Defesa e em colaboração com os Estados, os Municípios e o Distrito Federal e tem como objetivo implantar o modelo de Escola Cívico-Militar em escolas públicas de ensino regular que ofereçam as etapas Ensino Fundamental e/ou Ensino Médio, para alunos em situação de vulnerabilidade social para promover a melhoria na qualidade da educação básica. Esse capítulo tem como objetivo descrever o desenho da política desde sua concepção, ob-jetivos e propósitos, bem como as etapas e caminhos percorridos para tentar responder à demanda social à época, destacando as ações realizadas para o seu desenvolvimento

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Santos, Gildenir Carolino, and Milton Shintaku. "O que sabemos sobre bibliotecas digitais: um panorama da atualidade." In Ecossistemas e inovações tecnológicas: da construção as boas práticas, 31–51. Ibict, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22477/isbn9786588816363.cap2.

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Sánchez Carbó, José. "Literatura aplicada: creación, mediación e interpretación." In Literatura aplicada en el siglo XXI: Ideas y prácticas, 34–53. Editora Nómada, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47377/litaplic-cap2.

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Duarte Tavares, Maria de Fátima, and Miguel Ángel Márdero Arellano. "O Ibict e a preservação da memória científica." In Hipátia: modelo de preservação para repositórios arquivísticos digitais confiáveis, 26–39. Ibict, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22477/9786589167501.cap2.

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Conference papers on the topic "CAP2"

1

Li Zhaoxia and Zhang Yueling. "Application of arithmetic CAP2 in medical diagnosis expert system." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Education Technology and Computer (ICETC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetc.2010.5529382.

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Ingham, J. D., R. V. Penty, I. H. White, and D. G. Cunningham. "100 Gb/s PAM4-CAP2 Real-Time Modulation of a Single Optical Source for Next-Generation Datacommunication Links." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2014.w1f.1.

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Chung, Wei, Leonardo Wang, and W. Fang. "Low Cost Metal Mini-Cap Process for Suspended MEMS Device Packaging." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82505.

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A new wafer capping process is investigated in this study. The objective of this study is to come out a simple and low cost wafer capping process to make the capped MEMS device wafers “transparent” to traditional IC assembly processes. The carrier wafers with metal mini-caps are bonded on the MEMS device wafers through solder bonding, and the mini-caps are then transferred and left on the MEMS device wafer through a selective etching of the carrier wafers. The metal mini-cap capped device wafers are virtually of the same thickness as original ones; in addition, the transferred metal mini-caps provide a mechanical protection to the MEMS devices during the consequent assembly processes such as wafer dicing, die bonding, molding, etc. With an additional design of 2nd level interconnection on the mini-cap carrier wafer, the transferred MEMS device wafers can be singulated and become a wafer level package with compliant leads.

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Kim, Jeongsoo, Yeon-Ju Jeong, Min-Su Park, and Sunghoon Song. "Numerical Investigation on Behaviors of Stiffened Large Suction Cap for Offshore Suction Cofferdam." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-19160.

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Abstract This study introduces a large offshore cofferdam installed by suction, unlike conventional ones such as a sheet-pile type, and proposes an effective suction cap for the cofferdam. In structural design view of the cofferdam, there are several critical issues due to its large size. This study conducted structural analyses of stiffened caps for large offshore suction cofferdam using fully nonlinear finite element models, and analyzed changes in behaviors of the cap due to stiffener arrangements to provide design insights. For finite element models, the diameter and the thickness of the suction cap (circular plate only) are 20m and 0.07m, respectively. Suction pressure on the cap was assumed to be 100kPa, all parts of the cofferdam except the cap are considered as boundary conditions. By investigating conventional suction anchors, several stiffener arrangement patterns on the cap of suction cofferdam were derived, and each arrangement was estimated by comparing stress and deformation of the cap. Also, reaction distributions on the edge of the cap were investigated to analyze effects of the stiffener arrangement on the interface behaviors between cap and cofferdam.

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Paterson, Iain R., and Colin R. Brett. "Management of Header End Cap Cracking in an HRSG Fabricated From P91 and Other Steels." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61503.

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This paper describes the development of an assessment method to manage the integrity of numerous header end caps in an HRSG, some of which possess cracks. Following replacement of a P91 header, a subsequent inspection uncovered the presence of cracking in the end cap welds. There was evidence throughout of poor manufacturing quality and concerns over the end cap design, which analysis showed to be highly stressed. From a detailed assessment employing the methodology of the R5 procedure used in the UK, a life assessment provided a ranking list of end cap designs from which a targeted inspection strategy was devised. An NDE inspection procedure, using Phased Array and TOFD methods, was developed to inspect a sample of end caps. Further cracking across the header population was detected in both P91 other materials. Crack depths were compared to model predictions and an inspection strategy developed, taking account of both fatigue cracking as well as the perceived threat posed by Type IV cracking. Various recommendations are presented including the need for further materials data to support the process to enable the station to extend periods between re-inspections.

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Shuai, Jian, Wei Liu, Wenping Bu, and Xiaolin Wang. "Failures of Locally Reinforced Pipelines." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57082.

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Enormous attention has been attracted to the safety issues regarding numerous pipelines that have had to be repaired by such local reinforce as welding a tube-cap or patch. The present paper provides a detail description of experimental and numerical research conducted to evaluate the structural condition of locally reinforced pipelines, subjected to internal pressure including cyclic load. Six full-scale pipe specimens are tested under pressure to determine their loading capacity. Their stress distributions are measured, and their stress concentrations and plastic limit loads are analyzed. The result of the present study demonstrates that the burst pressure may not be affected by welding either a tube-cap or patch and cyclic loading, but the plastic limit loads of the repaired pipelines decreased respect to undamaged pipeline, among which the lowest one decreased up to 85% of that of the undamaged pipeline. It is also found that on the pipeline repaired by a single tube-cap or patch the burst occurred away from the welding sites, whereas on the pipeline included several tube-caps in short span the burst took place between the two adjacent tube caps, suggesting that multi-cap repair is disadvantageous to the loading capability of the pipelines. In addition, using nonlinear finite element tools, stresses state in locally reinforced pipeline is calculated. It is showed that bulging occurs in long and narrow area in the pipe along longitudinal direction, addressing where burst rupture occur.

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Maldonado, Natalia, Adreanne Kelly, Yuliya Vengrenyuk, John T. Fallon, Renu Virmani, Luis Cardoso, and Sheldon Weinbaum. "Human Coronary Microcalcifications: 3D High Resolution Characterization of Frequency Size and Distribution." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53198.

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Despite major advances in treatment of coronary heart disease, apparently healthy patients die suddenly. Rupture of vulnerable fibroatheroma plaques in coronary arteries cause more than 250,000 deaths a year, yet the mechanisms as to why some caps rupture and some others do not, remain unknown. The current criterion to consider a fibroatheroma as “vulnerable” or prone to rupture is the thickness of its fibrous cap. However, available screening techniques and the cap thickness criterion have been shown to be insufficient to identify the victims before the event occurs.

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Li, Weisi, K. R. Crompton, and Jason Ostanek. "Experimental Measurement of CID- and Vent-Activation in Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-68046.

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Abstract Two pressure-activated safety devices, a current interrupt device (CID) and a vent mechanism, are commonly built into the cap structure of cylindrical 18650 lithium-ion cells to isolate the cell electrically and relieve internal cell pressure prior to case rupture, respectively, in an abuse or thermal runaway event. The activation pressure for these two mechanisms, and how it varies with temperature, is an important parameter for the thermal runaway models incorporating electrolyte evaporation, gas generation and venting. This paper presents a method to extract the geometry of four commercial 18650 lithium-ion vent cap assemblies and measure the CID- and vent-activation pressures with a customized experimental setup. The experimental data were collected at ambient temperature and 100 °C. The CID-activation pressures of the MTI, LG MJ1, K2, and LG M36 caps were 1.058 ± 0.053, 1.293 ± 0.119, 0.997 ± 0.292 and 1.393 ± 0.113 MPa at ambient temperature and 0.920 ± 0.076, 1.066 ± 0.068, 0.834 ± 0.057 and 1.083 ± 0.077 MPa at 100°C, respectively. The vent-activation pressures of the MTI, LG MJ1, K2, and LG M36 caps were 2.308 ± 0.196, 2.202 ± 0.083, 2.190 ± 0.372 and 2.363 ± 0.199 MPa at ambient temperature and 1.919 ± 0.132, 1.866 ± 0.084, 1.781 ± 0.355 and 1.799 ± 0.284 MPa at 100°C, respectively. The experimental setup may be used in future studies to measure activation pressures of future cylindrical cells. The CAD model of the caps may be used to develop a finite element model (FEM) to simulate the CID- and vent-activation pressure and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to design more reliable and effective CID and vent mechanisms.

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Christensen, Erik Damgaard, Jeppe Buhrkall, Mark C. D. Eskesen, and Bjarne Jensen. "Analyses of Current and Wave Forces on Velocity Caps." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41907.

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Velocity caps are often used in connection with for instance offshore intake sea water for the use of for cooling water for power plants or as a source for desalinization plants. The intakes can also be used for river intakes. The velocity cap is placed on top of a vertical pipe. The vertical pipe leads the water into another pipe or tunnel system. A pressure gradient generated by the water level difference between the sea and basin drives the flow through the tunnel system. The tunnel system is often in the order of a couple kilometers long. Based on CFD analyses (computational fluid dynamics) this paper investigates the current and wave forces on the velocity cap and the vertical cylinder. The Morison’s force model was used in the analyses of the extracted force time series in from the CFD model. Further the distribution of the inlet velocities around the velocity cap was also analyzed in detail in the wave case.

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Tillmann, W., M. Abdulgader, N. Anjami, and D. Bezerra. "Taguchi Design and Analysis of 3D-Computer Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Experiments (TDACE) for the Optimization of Air-Cap Configuration in Arc Spraying." In ITSC2015, edited by A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen, and C. A. Widener. ASM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2015p0695.

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Abstract The computational fluid dynamic approach is adopted in this work, using L16-Taguchi matrix, to study the effect of different secondary atomization gas outlet configurations on the gas velocity, jet divergence, and pressure distribution at cap outlet. The spraying process variables that are integrated in this study are primary and secondary atomization gas pressure, PG and SG respectively. In addition, the geometrical variables of the SG air-cap like the position, the number and the angle of the outlet holes for SG are a part of the L16- taguchi matrix. The effect of the process variables and geometrical design variations are analyzed on the obtained gas flow characteristics. Increasing the number of the SG outlet holes leads to a higher gas velocity at the cap outlet. The amount and the angle of the SG outlet holes have a direct effect on the plume divergence. The SG outlet angle determines the distance between the flow intersection point (PG-flow and SG-flow) and the air-cap outlet. Increasing the SG outlet angle leads to a reduction of the gas velocity. The use of Design of Experiment (DoE) in the optimization of the air-cap design by implementing CFD-simulation was proved to be a very useful and efficient tool to design high performance air-caps of twin-wire arc-spraying.

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Reports on the topic "CAP2"

1

Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia, Richard Crain, Shimon Meir, Nehemia Aharoni, and Susan Lurie. Calcium-Mediated Signal Transduction during Leaf Senescence. United States Department of Agriculture, November 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604925.bard.

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We have examined the possibility that modulation of [Ca2+]cyt may represent a signal which induces senescence processes in leaves, through triggering of lipid hydrolysis leading to the cascade of detriorative events. Characterization of the signal transduction components operating during leaf senescence was gained by studying various Ca2+-dependent activities of parsley and chrysanthemum leaves, in relation to several senescence functions, and in response to senescence-modulating hormones (ethylene,ABA, BA and IAA). Some innovative findings regarding the control of senescence processes by [Ca2+]cyt were established: Several Ca2+-or CaM-related compounds were shown to modulate [Ca2+]cyt and action, thereby affecting whole leaf senescence. The involvement of [Ca2+]cyt in mediating the effects of senescence-modulating hormones has been demonstrated. Loss of energized Ca2+-transport capability of PM was found to an early event in leaf senescence, which occurs before changes in senescence parameters are observed, and while other PM ATPase enzymes still retain about 50% of their activities. A general pattern of increased phosphorylation of PM proteins with advanced senescence, which could be modified by plant hormones applied in vivo (BA) or in vitro (ABA), sa found. Taken together, all this indirect evidence indicate that [Ca2+]cyt is elevated due to the senescence-induced decrease in the ability to extrude Ca2+, which results particularly from reduced PM Ca2++-transport capability rather than increased operation of Ca2+ channels or elevated Ins(1,4,5)P3 levels. The direct proof for such a senescence-related elevation in [Ca2+]cyt was provided for the first time by the Ca2+ imaging measures with fura-2, showing a rise in [Ca2+]cyt of mesophyll cells upon senescence induction, which preceeded changes in typical senescence characteristics. This research provides strong evidence for regarding the rise in [Ca2+]cyt as a primary event in induction of the senescence syndrome in detached leaves. The findings have also broad implications for postharvest handling of leafy crops and ornamentals, and open new avenues for employing Ca2+-related inhibitors to delay leaf senescence.

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2

Zhang, Lu. The Investment CAPM. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23226.

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Vanderlinde, Pamela. Endless Rhythm Cape. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-740.

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Taylor, F. C. Geology, Cape Dorchester-Cape Dorset, District of Franklin, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/120599.

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McAdory, Robert T., and Jr. Cape Fear-Northeast Cape Fear River, North Carolina; Numerical Model Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada384556.

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Hill, J. D. Cape Canso, Nova Scotia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/130071.

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Riggio, Maria A. CAPS 2014 Benchmark Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1561685.

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Pe-Piper, G., D. J W Piper, J. Nagle, and P. Opra. Petrography of bedrock and ice-rafted granules: Flemish Cap, offshore Newfoundland and Labrador. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331224.

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This Open File report provides petrographic information from a scanning electron microscope study of granules and small pebbles in four selected trawl samples from Flemish Cap. The mineral composition of the granules was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and textures are shown in backscattered electron images (BSE). It complements Open File 8359 on the heavy mineral assemblage on Flemish Cap. Granules on the central shoals appear to be derived from outcropping Avalonian basement; those to the east and west are predominantly ice-rafted in origin. These data improve our understanding of the source of the voluminous sands on Flemish Cap and the characteristics of the Avalonian basement rocks on southern Flemish Cap.

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Wang, Yao, Jeehee Lim, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi, and Jeremy Hunter. Pile Stability Analysis in Soft or Loose Soils: Guidance on Foundation Design Assumptions with Respect to Loose or Soft Soil Effects on Pile Lateral Capacity and Stability. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317387.

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The design of laterally loaded piles is often done in practice using the p-y method with API p-y curves representing the behavior of soil at discretized points along the pile length. To account for pile-soil-pile interaction in pile groups, AASHTO (2020) proposes the use of p-multipliers to modify the p-y curves. In this research, we explored, in depth, the design of lateral loaded piles and pile groups using both the Finite Element (FE) method and the p-y method to determine under what conditions pile stability problems were likely to occur. The analyses considered a wide range of design scenarios, including pile diameters ranging from 0.36 m (14.17 inches) to 1.0 m (39.37 inches), pile lengths ranging from 10 m (32.81 ft) to 20 m (65.62 ft), uniform and multilayered soil profiles containing weak soil layers of loose sand or normally consolidated (NC) clay, lateral load eccentricity ranging from 0 m to 10 m (32.81 ft), combined axial and lateral loads, three different pile group configurations (1×5, 2×5, and 3×5), pile spacings ranging from 3 to 5 times the pile diameter, two different load directions (“strong” direction and “weak” direction), and two different pile cap types (free-standing and soil-supported pile caps). Based on the FEA results, we proposed new p-y curve equations for clay and sand. We also examined the behavior of the individual piles in the pile groups and found that the moment applied to the pile cap is partly transferred to the individual piles as moments, which is contrary to the assumption often made that moments are fully absorbed by axial loads on the group piles. This weakens the response of the piles to lateral loading because a smaller lateral pressure is required to produce a given deflection when moments are transferred to the head of the piles as moments. When the p-y method is used without consideration of the transferred moments, unconservative designs result. Based on the FEA results, we proposed both a new set of p-multipliers and a new method to use when moment distribution between piles is not known, using pile efficiency instead to calculate the total capacity of pile groups.

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Whitbeck, George S., and Man-Tak Shing. CAPS and Real-Time Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada315954.

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