Journal articles on the topic 'Cap seal'
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1
Chang, Jun. "Finite Element Analysis for Performance of Cap Seal Rings in the Stirling Engine Piston Rod." Applied Mechanics and Materials 697 (November 2014): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.697.202.
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Cap sealing reciprocating seals are dry friction conditions, the paper separately from the main factor moving the cap seal sealing mechanism, wear mechanism, elastic modulus theoretical analysis of its sealing properties and tribological law. Mathematical model, derived cap seal stress and Von-Mises stress distribution in the contact pressure under different quality work through finite element analysis software.Keywords: Rod seal; cap seal structure; stress analysis; Finite Element Analysis.
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Cao, Wenhan, Zhou Chang, Ao Zhou, Xuqiang Dou, Gui Gao, and Jun Gong. "Investigation into the Influence of Parallel Offset Wear on Stirling Engine Piston Rod Oil-Free Lubrication Seal." Machines 10, no. 5 (May 9, 2022): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10050350.
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The oil-free lubrication seal of a piston rod plays an important role in the application of a Stirling engine. Parallel offset in a piston rod ruins the symmetry of the seal and affects the sealing performance when the seal is worn. In this paper, based on a motion analysis and the finite element method, a three-dimensional model of the Cap-seal was established, and its performance was numerically and experimentally investigated. The results show that parallel offset of the piston rod increases the possibility of seal damage and has no obvious effect on leakage. Under high pressures and low pre-compression ratios, the Cap-seal shows a good sealing capability and exhibits a higher propensity for mechanical damage. A good agreement was obtained between the numerical and experimental results. This study offers guidelines regarding the design and application of oil-free lubrication seals for a Stirling piston rod.
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Chang, Jun. "Sealing Performance Analysis of Cap Seal Rings in the Stirling Engine Piston Rod." Applied Mechanics and Materials 697 (November 2014): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.697.206.
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When the Stirling engine piston rod for reciprocating motion at a high speed under dry friction conditions, the temperature fall or pressure drop is mainly caused by uneven sealing ring deformation, increased wear and sealing performance fall. This article is introduced a cap seal rings of Stirling engine piston, study for friction and wear in theory under dynamic seal condition, and establish a rod seal test equipment to analysis the cap seal structure distortion and gauge wear in different working environments by experimental methods. Finally, come to the conclusion that when working medium pressure at 7 mpa, the cap seal performance is best.Keywords: Rod seal; cap seal structure; stress analysis
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Zhao, Mei Ning, Jun Jie Gan, and Fang Wang. "Design and Dynamic Simulating Analysis of Planet Gear Mechanism of Cap Screwing Machine." Advanced Materials Research 411 (November 2011): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.411.3.
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Planet gear mechanism is designed according to the planet gear action during the course of screw cap after working principle of the cap screwing machine is briefly introduced. The course of screw cap can be simulated by the dynamics simulation software ADAMS. The relation between rotational speed and the gearing-in force can be obtained. This provides the theoretical foundation for the improvement of seal quality in cap screwing machine.
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Arso, Wilarso Wilarso, and Firman Gunawan. "Identifikasi Kerusakan Tutup Radiator Terhadap Suhu Engine Toyota Kijang 5K." JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MANUFACTURES MATERIALS AND ENERGY 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jmemme.v4i1.3535.
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Lack of radiator water in the 5K Kijang car cooling system, has an impact on decreasing vehicle performance. This leakage causes the cooling water in the radiator to decrease and can trigger a high cooling system temperature (overheating) on the engine. The discussion of the effect of damage to the radiator cap on the engine temperature of the Toyota Kijang 5K is able to help improve the understanding of vehicle users in general about the cooling system, can treat and repair if there is damage to the radiator cap. The radiator cap test was carried out by observation on a 5K Toyota deer by testing the radiator cap pressure using a radiator cup tester and visualizing the radiator cap components. After inspection there is damage to the radiator cap seal and the results of the radiator cap test 0.6 kgf / cm2 which causes the radiator cap pressure to be low, while the standard pressure is 0.9 kgf / cm2 - 1.03 kgf / cm2 and there is damage to the radiator cap seal so that it can cause engine overheating. Repair steps by replacing the new radiator cap components, efforts that need to be considered to prevent losses due to damage to the cooling system components, check the level of coolant, do a daily check properly and correctly, do preventive maintenance regularly.
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Iksan, Andi Rahmat Husni Agung, Nurfaidah Said, and Hasbir Hasbir. "URGENSI PENGGUNAAN TERAAN CAP ATAU STEMPEL NOTARIS PADA MINUTA AKTA NOTARIS DI KOTA MAKASSAR, KABUPATEN GOWA DAN KABUPATEN MAROS." Riau Law Journal 3, no. 1 (May 30, 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30652/rlj.v3i1.6478.
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ABSTRACTFunction of Stamp on Notary Deed. The research aims to determine the urgency of a position stamp on notary deed and to determine the necessity or not the punctuation of notary deed stamp. The research was normative-empirical, a research in which the object of research includes legislation provisions (in abstracto) and its implementation on legal events (in concreto). The result of research indicates that the urgency of position stamp on notary deed as reinforcement and affirmation of notary signature in a deed, and it shows that in making deed, issuing deed copy and legalize and registering a letter under notary signature on behalf its position, in addition the urgency of a position stamp on notary deed as legalization of notary and notary’s liability. based on the result of the writer’s research concerning the punctuation of the seal / stamp of the notary there is a difference among the notaries concerning the punctuation of seal / stamp on deed Minuta where there are 24 notaries who do not punctuate the seal / stamp of the notary in deed Minuta with the most reason because it is not regulated in Paragraph 56 of UUJN and there are 7 notaries who Punctuate seal / stamp because they believe that the stamped seal / stamp is stipulated in the PERMEN which is the implementing regulations of UUJN and also to indicate that the person who made the deed Minuta is a general official.Keywords: notary deed, stamp, deed minuta.ABSTRAKFungsi Cap/Stempel Pada Akta Notaris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji urgensi dari suatu cap/stempel jabatan pada akta Notaris dan mengetahui serta mengkaji wajib atau tidaknya pembubuhan teraan cap/stempel pada akta Notaris. Penelitian hukum ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif empiris, yaitu penelitian hukum yang objek kajiannya meliputi ketentuan – ketentuan perundang–undangan (in abstraco) serta penerapannya pada peristiwa hukum (in concreto). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa urgensi dari suatu cap/stempel jabatan pada suatu akta Notaris ialah sebagai penguatan dan penegasan tandatangan Notaris di dalam suatu akta, dan menunjukkan bahwa dalam membuat akta, mengeluarkan salinan akta dan melegalisasi dan mendaftarkan surat dibawah tangan Notaris bertindak berdasarkan jabatannya, selain itu urgensi dari suatu cap/stempel jabatan pada akta Notaris ialah sebagai pengesahan dari Notaris dan pertanggungjawaban dari Notaris. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penulis mengenai pembubuhan teraan cap/stempel Notaris terdapat perbedaan pendapat di kalangan Notaris mengenai pembubuhan teraan cap/stempel pada minuta akta dimana terdapat 24 (dua puluh empat) Notaris yang tidak membubuhkan teraan cap/stempel Notaris pada minuta akta dengan alasan terbanyak karena hal tersebut tidak diatur di dalam Pasal 56 UUJN dan terdapat 7 (tujuh) Notaris yang membubuhkan teraan cap/stempel Notaris pada minuta akta dengan alasan karena pembubuhan teraan cap/stempel Notaris pada minuta akta diatur di dalam Permen yang merupakan peraturan pelaksana dari UUJN selain itu dilakukan untuk menunjukkan bahwa yang membuat minuta akta tersebut ialah pejabat umum.Kata Kunci : Akta Notaris, Cap/Stempel,Minuta Akta.
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Ugbor, Charles Chibueze, Peter Ogobi Odong, and Aniefiok Sylvester Akpan. "Application of pre-stack seismic waveform inversion and empirical relationships for the estimation of geomechanical properties in Ruby field, central swamp depobelt, Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 11, no. 6 (June 2021): 2389–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01219-w.
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AbstractPre-stack seismic inversion, well log analysis approach and empirical relations were adopted in this study to better estimate geomechanical properties of Ruby field with minimum error. The use of conventional well log empirical method alone to evaluate geomechanical properties in oil/gas fields sometimes becomes problematic. Geomechanical properties were divided into: elastic moduli [Young’s modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus and Poisson ratio (PR)] and rock mechanical strength properties (closure stress ratio (CSR), brittleness (BRI) and compressibility). Four geomechanical earth models (CSR, BRI, Young’s modulus and PR) were generated from the inversion analysis to understand the distribution of rock strength properties across the field. The results deciphered high Young’s, shear and bulk modulus in the reservoir zone compared to the cap/seal rocks and a decrease in PR. This implies that, the cap/seal are more ductile and less compressible than the reservoir rocks, indicating that the reservoirs are highly brittle. CSR result reveals high in cap/seal indicating that the cap/seal rock are harder to fracture and has a greater chance to withstand higher compressive stress before failing as opposed to reservoir rocks. The inverted earth model shows that, Young’s modulus and brittleness increase toward the northeastern part of the field, while CSR and PR increase toward the southwestern part of the field. These results suggest that harder, stiffer, highly compressible and easily fractured rocks are found in the northern and eastern part of the field as opposed to the southern to western part of the field that is ductile.
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Yue, Chong Wang, Yin Chao Huai, and Yang Du. "The Estimation of Appropriateness for CO2 Geological Sequestration Based on Well Logging." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 1359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1359.
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CO2 geological sequestration is one of the most promising methods for reducing anthropogenic CO2 emission into the atmosphere. To carry out the technology, it is necessary to evaluate the formation geological condition of storage area for the security and effectiveness. The CO2 reserve capability of formation is mostly connected with reservoir physical property. The CO2 storage security is mostly connected with seal quality of cap rock. This paper takes advantage of logging data material to comprehensively evaluate the seal condition and storage capability from the cap rock condition of the supercritical fluid and the reservoir capacity. It gives an evaluation instance of the slected area.
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Jones, R. M., P. Boult, R. R. Hillis, S. D. Mildren, and J. Kaldi. "INTEGRATED HYDROCARBON SEAL EVALUATION IN THE PENOLATROUGH, OTWAY BASIN." APPEA Journal 40, no. 1 (2000): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj99011.
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Seals are one of the main components of the petroleum system, yet their evaluation has received surprisingly little attention in terms of integrated risk assessment. This paper emphasises the need for an integrated multi-disciplinary approach for robust cap and fault seal evaluation so to minimise seal risk. The region of study is the Penola Trough, Otway Basin, where recent improvements in seismic quality, stratigraphic modelling and additional well control have greatly enhanced regional prospectivity.The Laira Formation has the lowest cap seal risk of Penola Trough strata based on empirical data. The Eumeralla Formation has a similar gamma ray log signature to the Laira Formation yet contains a higher frequency of sandy, relatively high permeability horizons. These horizons increase the likelihood of fault juxtaposition and the development of leaky windows that allow cross fault communication.Faults in the Penola Trough display fractal characteristics from seismic to core scale. A prediction of regional fault extension and deformation intensity below seismic resolution is viable since fault systems appear to be systematic. Extrapolation of fault populations to the millimetre scale shows good agreement with fault density recorded in core from a fault damage zone. Deformation intensities close to seismically resolvable faults are indicative of inner damage zone geometry where faults form linked cluster arrays. Microstructural fault analysis indicates the dominant fault processes in the Upper Crayfish Group are grain boundary sliding and cataclasis with gouge quartz cementation. Petrophysical analysis indicates these faults are able to support gas columns of up to 102 m.The relative probability of seal failure due to the development of effective structural permeability within the in-situ stress field indicates that planes at the greatest risk of failure are steeply dipping (>60°) and strike between 110°N and 200°N. Open fractures crosscutting pre-existing faults have been identified through microstructural examination and these may provide a mechanism for trap leakage and tertiary hydrocarbon migration. An integrated technique for mapping the relative risk of seal breach due to the development of effective structural permeability at the seismic scale is also presented.
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Duxbury, Alexander, Don White, Claire Samson, Stephen A. Hall, James Wookey, and J. Michael Kendall. "Fracture mapping using seismic amplitude variation with offset and azimuth analysis at the Weyburn CO2 storage site." GEOPHYSICS 77, no. 6 (November 1, 2012): B295—B306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0075.1.
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Cap rock integrity is an essential characteristic of any reservoir to be used for long-term [Formula: see text] storage. Seismic AVOA (amplitude variation with offset and azimuth) techniques have been applied to map HTI anisotropy near the cap rock of the Weyburn field in southeast Saskatchewan, Canada, with the purpose of identifying potential fracture zones that may compromise seal integrity. This analysis, supported by modeling, observes the top of the regional seal (Watrous Formation) to have low levels of HTI anisotropy, whereas the reservoir cap rock (composite Midale Evaporite and Ratcliffe Beds) contains isolated areas of high intensity anisotropy, which may be fracture-related. Properties of the fracture fill and hydraulic conductivity within the inferred fracture zones are not constrained using this technique. The predominant orientations of the observed anisotropy are parallel and normal to the direction of maximum horizontal stress (northeast–southwest) and agree closely with previous fracture studies on core samples from the reservoir. Anisotropy anomalies are observed to correlate spatially with salt dissolution structures in the cap rock and overlying horizons as interpreted from 3D seismic cross sections.
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Pchelov, Evgeny V. "IMAGES OF REGALIA IN THE TITULAR HERALDRY OF THE MOSCOW KINGDOM. ICONOGRAPHY AND SEMANTICS." History and Archives, no. 4 (2022): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-6541-2022-4-12-25.
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The article analyzes the history of the using the regalia images of regalia in the titular heraldry of the Moscow Kingdom of the 16th – 17th centuries. Titular heraldry is a complex of coats of arms for the territories of which the names were part of the object title of the Russian sovereigns. The total number of titular coats of arms of the Moscow Kingdom is more than thirty. They were first recorded on the Great Seal of Ivan the Terrible in the late 1570s. On this seal, out of 24 titular coats of arms (emblems, “seals”), four had the images of certain regal objects. In two cases, these were the conditional crowns cresting the armorial figures and testifying to the royal status of the designated administrative territories (the Kazan and Astrakhan kingdoms). In two cases, the images of a “place” were used, which meant a seat for the ruler (or an authorized officer). On the Novgorod seal, that place had the steps, which was, apparently, a more archaic version of such a seat on the Tver seal, the “place” looked like a throne. The pastoral staff in the Novgorod “place” and the princely cap in the Tver “place” testified to the local specifics of the management of these most important titular objects in the general context of the power system of Muscovy. Subsequently, the Astrakhan coat of arms had underwent a radical change, and the appearance of the crown began to resemble a royal crown of the Western European type. The same crown instead of a princely hat appeared on the Tver emblem by the end of the 17th century. In the “Titulyarnik” (title reference book) of 1672, two more coats of arms with the images of regalia appeared. In the Siberian coat of arms, the crown again symbolized the royal status of the titular object. In the Vladimir coat of arms, the crown cresting the lion apparently signified the special status of the Grand Duchy of Vladimir among the lands of northern and north-eastern Rus’. In general, the images of the regal objects in the titular coats of arms followed clear patterns, corresponded to the status of the analogous objects, as well as to their historical significance.
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Wu, Chunyan, Jingong Zhang, Wei Xiong, Bo Li, Yijun Wang, Jinning Zhang, and Qiang Cui. "Paleogene-Neogene Cap Rocks and its Relationship with Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Zhanhua Sag." Open Petroleum Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874834101609010299.
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To analyse the Zhanhua Paleogene–Neogene cap rocks and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation, the seal lithology, the relationship between compaction of argillite rock and its sealing capacity, and its destruction by faults and fractures were studied. The results indicate that there are four types of cap rocks: argillite rock and silty mudstone, microcrystalline carbonate, dense cemented sandstone and dense cemented carbonate. Among these cap rocks, argillite rock is the main type in the Zhanhua Sag. According to the evolutionary characteristics of the argillite rock and its destruction by fractures and faults, the argillite cap can be classified into three categories: porosity cap, fracture transformation cap and the fault transformation cap. Among their sealing capacities, the porosity cap is the best, followed by the fracture transformation cap, and the fault transformation cap is the worst. Through the analysis of the relationship between existing oil & gas reservoirs and the distribution characteristics of the Paleogene–Neogene cap rocks in the Zhanhua Sag, it was found that the cap combination which was below or above the reservoir together controlled the hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation. It means that the destruction of the cap below or down-dip the reservoir is a necessary condition for hydrocarbon accumulation, and only when the sealing capacity of the cap rock above or up-dip the reservoir is better than that of below or down-dip the reservoir, hydrocarbon could be efficiently stored in reservoirs, thus could be effectively enriched.
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Gu, Li Zhi, and Z. Zhang. "A Biomimetic Approach to the Design of the Composite Bottle Cap and Deformation Analyses." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 2 (May 2009): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.2.59.
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On the combination analog of the mussel ripple and leaf embrace, designed a new composite bottle cap consisting of the outer body, the inner lining washer, and the resin embrace, for multi-function, especially for better seal and ready open. According to the structural feature and the functional requirements of the cap, two fundamental components, the lining washer and the outer body, were abstracted into a plate and a cylinder with thin wall, respectively. Under the pressing force the elastic and plastic deformations of both were studied with Tresca’s yielding rule and the limitation of the plastic deformation was presented when the two components were assembled into a unit. For the production of this kind of bottle cap, the maximum value of the allowance press and the maximum pressing velocity were also provided.
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Ostrowska, Ewa, Aleksandra Gąsecka, Tomasz Mazurek, and Janusz Kochman. "Stent-graft and double-guiding catheter technique to rescue iatrogenic coronary perforation." Archives of Medical Science 17, no. 6 (October 29, 2021): 1800–1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/aoms/143151.
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IntroductionCoronary artery perforation (CAP) is an infrequent, yet life-threatening complication of percutaneous coronary interventions, posing a major risk of cardiac tamponade and mortality.Material and methodsWe report on effective management of Ellis type III CAP with use of double-guiding catheter technique and stent-graft implantation.ResultsProlonged balloon inflation via the first guiding catheter allows for temporary closure of the bleeding site. At the same time, stent-graft is inserted via the second guiding catheter to seal the perforation. After rapid deflation of the balloon, the stent is immediately advanced and expanded.ConclusionsThe procedure minimises the time between deflation of the balloon and implantation of the stent-graft, allowing for successful bleeding cessation.
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Prasetya, Hari Adi. "LOCAL NATURAL RESOURCES FILLER IN MAKING OF RADIATOR CAP SEAL VULCANIZED." Jurnal Dinamika Penelitian Industri 28, no. 2 (December 27, 2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.28959/jdpi.v28i2.3340.
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Badosa, Enric, Teresa Pastor, Manel Gazo, and Alex Aguilar. "Moult in the Mediterranean monk seal from Cap Blanc, western Sahara." African Zoology 41, no. 2 (October 2006): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3377/1562-7020(2006)41[183:mitmms]2.0.co;2.
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Badosa, Enric, Teresa Pastor, Manel Gazo, and Alex Aguilar. "Moult in the Mediterranean monk seal from Cap Blanc, western Sahara." African Zoology 41, no. 2 (October 2006): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2006.11407354.
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Fowler, A. C. "Breaking the seal at Grímsvötn, Iceland." Journal of Glaciology 45, no. 151 (1999): 506–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000001362.
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AbstractOf several problems associated with theoretical explanations of the jökulhlaups which emerge from the outlet glacier Skeiðarárjökull of the ice cap Vatnajökull in southeast Iceland, the mechanism of flood initiation is one that has hitherto defied explanation. We provide such an explanation based on a careful analysis of the classical Nye-Röthlisberger model; near the subglacial lake Grímsvötn, the hydraulic potential gradient is towards the lake, and there is therefore a catchment boundary under the ice, whose location depends on the subglacial meltwater drainage characteristics. As the conditions for a flood approach, we show that the water divide migrates towards the lake, while at the same time the lake pressure increases. When the hydraulic potential gradient towards the lake is low and the refilling rate is slow, the seal will "break" when the catchment boundary reaches the lake, while the lake level is still below flotation pressure, whereas if refilling is rapid, flotation can be achieved before a flood is initiated. This theory can thus explain why the seal is normally broken when the lake level at Grímsvötn is still some 60 m below flotation level. In addition, we are able to explain why the jökulhlaup following the 1996 eruption did not occur until flotation level was achieved, and we show how the cyclicity and magnitude of jökulhlaups can be explained within this theory.
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Fowler, A. C. "Breaking the seal at Grímsvötn, Iceland." Journal of Glaciology 45, no. 151 (1999): 506–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000001362.
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AbstractOf several problems associated with theoretical explanations of the jökulhlaups which emerge from the outlet glacier Skeiðarárjökull of the ice cap Vatnajökull in southeast Iceland, the mechanism of flood initiation is one that has hitherto defied explanation. We provide such an explanation based on a careful analysis of the classical Nye-Röthlisberger model; near the subglacial lake Grímsvötn, the hydraulic potential gradient is towards the lake, and there is therefore a catchment boundary under the ice, whose location depends on the subglacial meltwater drainage characteristics. As the conditions for a flood approach, we show that the water divide migrates towards the lake, while at the same time the lake pressure increases. When the hydraulic potential gradient towards the lake is low and the refilling rate is slow, the seal will "break" when the catchment boundary reaches the lake, while the lake level is still below flotation pressure, whereas if refilling is rapid, flotation can be achieved before a flood is initiated. This theory can thus explain why the seal is normally broken when the lake level at Grímsvötn is still some 60 m below flotation level. In addition, we are able to explain why the jökulhlaup following the 1996 eruption did not occur until flotation level was achieved, and we show how the cyclicity and magnitude of jökulhlaups can be explained within this theory.
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Edmundson, Isabel, Atle Rotevatn, Roy Davies, Graham Yielding, and Kjetil Broberg. "Key controls on hydrocarbon retention and leakage from structural traps in the Hammerfest Basin, SW Barents Sea: implications for prospect analysis and risk assessment." Petroleum Geoscience 26, no. 4 (December 19, 2019): 589–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2019-094.
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Evidence of hydrocarbon leakage has been well documented across the SW Barents Sea and is commonly associated with exhumation in the Cenozoic. While fault leakage is thought to be the most likely cause, other mechanisms are possible and should be considered. Further study is required to understand what specific mechanism(s) facilitate such leakage, and why this occurs in some locations and not others. In a case study of the Snøhvit Field, we use seismic and well data to quantify fault- and top-seal strength based on mechanical and capillary threshold pressure properties of fault and cap rocks. Magnitude and timing of fault slip are measured to acknowledge the role that faults play in controlling fluid flow over time. Results based on theoretical and in situ hydrocarbon column heights strongly indicate that across-fault and top-seal breach by capillary threshold pressure, and top-seal breach by mechanical failure are highly unlikely to have caused hydrocarbon leakage. Instead, top-seal breach caused by tectonic reactivation of identified faults is likely to have facilitated hydrocarbon leakage from structural traps. The results of this case study acknowledge the different mechanisms by which hydrocarbons can leak from a structural trap. Employing both a holistic and quantitative approach to assessing different seal capacities reduces the likelihood that a particular cause of hydrocarbon leakage is overlooked. This is particularly relevant for the Snøhvit Field in its dual capacity as a producing gas field and as a carbon sequestration site since both systems rely on a thorough understanding of seal capacity and leakage potential.
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Zhang, Cheng, Guang Yang, and Yong Shu Zhang. "Geologic Characteristics of Reservoir Accumulation in Suganhu Depression in North Margin of Qaidam Basin." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.19.
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Based on the analysis and testing data of rocks, the basic geologic characteristics of Suganhu depression is discussed. It is concluded that the 200m thickness dark mudstone of inshore shallow lake face in the middle–lower Jurassic stratum is the only source rock of this region. It has the characteristics of high abundance of organic matter and in high mature stage. And the type of organic matter is Ⅱ2.The reservoir properties is controlled by the influences of both the sedimentation and the diagenesis and belong to the low porosity and low permeability ones. The mudstone of Upper Jurassic is the local cap, the ones of braided river face and braided river delta face which existed in the up-middle of the middle Jurassic can be qualified as sealing bed between the sand bodies. Paleocene–eocene mudstone is the regional cap rock. The ability of upper Jurassic sealing bed is good because of the low porosity and permeability and high break pressure. The regional cap rock has the characteristics of big thickness and large area. Both the local and regional cap rock had been able to seal the petroleum and gas before the time of hydrocarbon accumulation of middle Jurassic. In general, Mesozoic formed reservoir–cap combination with the features of lower–generation and upper–reservoir, upper–cap.
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Pham, Nga P., Vladimir Cherman, Nina Tutunjyan, Lieve Teugels, Deniz S. Tezcan, and Harrie A. C. Tilmans. "Process challenges in 0-level packaging using 100μm-thin chip capping with TSV." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2012, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 000276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2012-tp17.
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This paper presents the process challenges for the fabrication of 0-level packages using chip capping with through silicon via's (TSV) in the capping chip/wafer. The key processing challenges addressed include the fabrication of TSVs on capping wafers that are thinned down to 100μm and further, the Cu/Sn/Cu diffusion soldering to make an intermetallic bond for the chip capping. Integration of the TSVs on the cap wafer enables the vertical interconnection, thus making the package with a small form factor and readiness for 3D integration. The Cu/Sn/Cu bond and seal process provides a hermetic package and at the same time provide electrical connection between the cap and the device wafer. Adequate processing conditions are proposed.
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Huang, Yih-Ping, and Jeng-Wen Lin. "Mesh generation and adjustment methods for creating a halftone image on a deep-drawn cap." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 7 (November 15, 2011): 1861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211428397.
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It is desirable for deep-drawn bottle caps to have counterfeit-proof characteristics in addition to a delicate figurative design. This article presents mesh generation and adjustment methods to produce a delicate halftone image on a deep-drawn cap, so as to create a counterfeit-proof seal that solves the problem of the occurrence fake products in the cap industry. Because cap images are very sensitive, any defects in the image processing are easily noticeable to the naked eye. An image generation process used for drawn and redrawn two-piece food cans is introduced that creates a distorted image for printing onto a plane blank metal sheet. Along with the can formation and drawing process, the printed distorted image is deformed in order to result in the desired finished form. Using a similar but relatively difficult technique, the process for creating an image on a deep-drawn cap is discussed, whereby the mesh generation methods and the associated adjustment techniques are utilized. A benchmark is provided to verify the applicability of this study and to demonstrate that the proposed methods can achieve the required aesthetic and counterfeit-proof purposes.
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Cruz-Rodríguez, Cristian, Julieth Stella Cárdenas, and Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves. "Evaluating the Ethanol Levels and Storage Containers for Efficient Preservation of Historical Collections at the Museo De La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia." Collection Forum 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14351/0831-4985-35.1.52.
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Abstract The Museo de La Salle–Bogotá (MLS) houses biological specimens of which 30% (17,001 specimens) are stored in fluid (ethanol 70%). The collections have historical significance for documenting Colombian biodiversity and contain the oldest zoological specimens in the country. For these reasons, the curation and management of the specimens require special attention and endless vigilance. In this study we assessed the decrease in ethanol level in jars of the MLS fluid collections over a 3-year period from 2013 to 2016 and evaluated the relation between container and lid type and ethanol loss. We did not observe a relevant decrease in the percentage of ethanol levels during 2013–2016. However, the type of lid used influenced the amount of ethanol that evaporated; we found that the pressure and twist lids were more effective in maintaining the ethanol levels in the containers, since they have a pressurized rotation system that allows a more secure closure in contrast to the pressure cap, which does not prevent the evaporation of ethanol. Based on our evaluation, we suggest the use of pressure and twist closure caps or caps with a continuous thread closure type along with a tamper-evident seal between the jar mouth and the container cap to ensure a tight and secure seal for minimizing the risk of fluid loss and ensuring the preservation of fluid-fixed specimens of this historical collection.
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Khan, Chawarwan, Julie K. Pearce, Suzanne D. Golding, Victor Rudolph, and Jim R. Underschultz. "Carbon Storage Potential of North American Oil & Gas Produced Water Injection with Surface Dissolution." Geosciences 11, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11030123.
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) geological storage traditionally involves capturing a CO2 stream from a point source such as a power station or from cement, steel, or natural gas processing plant, transporting it and compressing it, prior to injection as a supercritical phase into a suitable geological reservoir overlain by a cap-rock or seal. One of the main perceived risks in CO2 geological storage is migration or leakage of the buoyant CO2 stream through the seal, via faults or fractures, or other migration out of the storage complex. Injection of CO2 dissolved in water may be one solution to mitigate the leakage risk. This approach could take advantage of large volumes of wastewater already being reinjected into saline aquifers worldwide but particularly in North America, thus reducing costs. This study examines the potential to “piggyback” off the existing wastewater injection industry as a novel carbon storage option.
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Shiraishi, Akinori, Mitsutoshi Higashi, Kei Murayama, Yuichi Taguchi, and Kenichi Mori. "Wafer Level Package for MEMS with TSVs and Hermetic Seal." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, DPC (January 1, 2011): 002314–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2011dpc-tha24.
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In recent years, downsizing of MEMS package and high accuracy MEMS device mounting have been strongly required from expanding applications that using MEMS not only for industrial and automobile but also for consumer typified mobile phone. In order to achieve that, it is appropriate to use Silicon package that can be mounted at wafer level packaging. Silicon package is made of monocrystal silicon wafer. The deep cavity is fabricated on monocrystal silicon wafer by Wet or Dry etching. And MEMS device can be mounted on the cavity. The electrical connecting between front side and back side of cavity portion is achieved by TSVs that located on the bottom of cavity. Hermetic seal can be achieved by using glass or silicon wafer bonding method. By using a driver device wafer (before dicing) as the cap for hermetic seal, smaller size and smaller number of parts module can be fabricated. In this report, methods and designs for hermetic seal with wafer level process were examined. Methods that applied were polyimide adhesive bonding, anodic bonding and Au-In solder bonding. Location of TSVs on the bottom of cavity and thickness of diaphragm with TSVs was also examined. Silicon package for piezo type gyro MEMS that designed by the result of evaluation was fabricated. This package used optimized Au-In solder bonding for hermetic seal and optimized location of TSVs for interconnection. That was designed over 50% thinner than conventional ceramic packages. Characteristics of hermetic seal were evaluated by Q factor of gyro MEMS that mounted inside of the silicon package. It is confirmed that performance of sealing are good enough for running of the MEMS.
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Nourollah, Hadi, Milovan Urosevic, and Jeffrey Keetley. "Seal potential of shale sequences through seismic anisotropy: Case study from Exmouth Sub-basin, Australia." Interpretation 3, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): T257—T267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0284.1.
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Sedimentary rocks with sealing potential can cap a reservoir by impeding the upward movement of hydrocarbons. An effective seal should have three qualifying factors of geometry, integrity, and capacity. Mapping seismic horizons and faults across the area of study reveals much about the geometry and integrity of the sealing unit. Capacity, however, depends on capillary pressure measurements of core and cuttings samples. Modeling capacity of seals away from and between wells has traditionally involved simple gridding techniques or association with most likely geologic or seismic facies. We have developed a different approach in using seismic data and applying it to the evaluation of sealing potential. Shales are the most common seals in petroleum systems. Seismically, well-developed shale units that have undergone compaction are likely to be anisotropic and are typical vertical transverse isotropic media. Seismic data with suitable acquisition parameters were processed to extract [Formula: see text] and Thomsen’s parameters of weak seismic anisotropy, tied to the vertical seismic profile data at wells. The spatial distribution of [Formula: see text] has shown a good correlation with capillary measurements of well samples. Hence, 3D modeling of epsilon was used as a weight factor to guide the capillary pressure ([Formula: see text]) values away from the wells. Capillary pressure values were then mapped on the fault planes to high grade the analysis of sand-shale juxtaposition. Our results helped to explain the distribution of successful wells and dry holes within the study area.
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Song, Xiaoyue, Qing Qin, Shufu Chang, Rende Xu, Mingqiang Fu, Hao Lu, Lei Ge, Juying Qian, Jianying Ma, and Junbo Ge. "Clinical Outcomes of Self-Made Polyurethane-Covered Stent Implantation for the Treatment of Coronary Artery Perforations." Journal of Interventional Cardiology 2021 (May 17, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6661763.
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Objectives. The present study aimed to investigate the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of self-made polyurethane-covered stents (PU-CS) in patients for the management of coronary artery perforation (CAP) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background. Coronary artery perforation is reckoned as a serious complication in PCI and associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Covered stents have been used for treating the life-threatening CAP during PCI. But in some catheterization laboratories, no commercial CS is immediately available when there is an urgent need for CS to rescue the coronary rupture site. Methods. We retrospectively identified 24 patients who underwent 31 self-made PU-CS implantations due to CAP in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, from June 2015 to January 2020. Results. The total procedural success rate of CS to seal the perforation was 79.2%. Nine patients (37.5%) developed cardiac tamponade, of which 8 patients (33.3%) underwent pericardiocentesis and 4 patients (16.7%) underwent cardiac surgeries. Except for 4 cardiac death cases (16.7%), none of myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR), and stent thrombosis (ST) was reported during hospital stay. Data from 22 patients (91.7%) were available at 610.4 ± 420.9 days of follow-up. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) occurred in 6 patients (27.3%), including 5 cases of cardiac death and one TLR case. Conclusions. Self-made PU-CS demonstrates high rates of successful delivery and sealing of severe CAP during PCI. Although the in-hospital mortality remains high after PU-CS implantation, the long-term follow-up shows favorable clinical outcomes, indicating the feasibility of PU-CS in treating CAP.
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Forcada, Jaume. "Can population surveys show if the Mediterranean monk seal colony at Cap Blanc is declining in abundance?" Journal of Applied Ecology 37, no. 1 (February 2000): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00482.x.
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Serizawa, Hisashi, Yuji Sato, Naofumi Nakazato, Masahiro Tsukamoto, and Hirotatsu Kishimoto. "Effect of Slit Shape on Joinability of Zircaloy - SiC/SiC Composite Tube Joint with Titanium Powder." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 1944–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.1944.
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As for the fuel cladding in the light-water reactor, silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix (SiC/SiC) composite is one of the promising candidates as a replacement of Zircaloy due to many superiorities, where it is necessary to develop the end-cap seal of SiC/SiC composite cladding. In this research, the caulking method was employed as the method for sealing the end cap of SiC/SiC composite tube by Zircaloy tube where the titanium micro-powder was inserted between two tubes. The fiber laser was circumferentially irradiated on the outer surface of zircaloy tube, and the insert method of titanium powder was varied by changing the cutting method of SiC/SiC composite tube. The examinations about the slit shape effect for the flat cutting suggested that the hook slit is considered to be the best cutting method for holding the titanium powder during the laser irradiation where the width of slit should be narrower than that of laser irradiation line.
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Nneji, Gweneth A., and Naomi E. Chayen. "A crystallization plate for controlling evaporation in hanging drops." Journal of Applied Crystallography 37, no. 3 (May 11, 2004): 502–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889804007022.
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The modification and use of a crystallization plate for controlling the evaporation in hanging-drop trials is described. In this plate, known as the Nextal Crystallization Tool, each well is sealed by a screw cap that incorporates the cover-slip. Graduation marks were introduced on the outer circumference of the wells to enable accurate and reproducible adjustment of the tightness of the seal on the well. This design allows variable amounts of evaporation without exposing the drop. Crystallization experiments of α-crustacyanin from lobster shell, for which controlled evaporation was applied to regulate the number and size of the crystals, are presented.
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BOTASH, ANN S. "Syringe Caps: An Aspiration Hazard." Pediatrics 90, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.90.1.92.
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The accurate administration of medications to infants and young children is often a difficult task. Patient resistance to medications as well as parental compliance factors are best met by utilizing the most convenient means to deliver medication. For infants, the oral dosing syringe is considered the best device for delivery of liquid medications.1 When used properly, syringes provide the most accurate measured doses and reduce the risk of choking and of aspirating medication.2 Oral medication syringes may be dispensed by a pharmacist or may be available directly to the consumer. These syringes are dispensed with a plastic cap or "shield" to seal the end of the container.
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Frederic, Souchon, Gervais Anne-Charlotte, Thouy Laurent, Saint-Patrice Damien, and Pornin Jean louis. "A design tool fully adapted to the development of the thin film packaging process used for MEMS devices." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, DPC (January 1, 2013): 000937–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2013dpc-tp35.
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MEMS Wafer Level Packaging is required for mass production of MEMS devices: wafer to wafer bonding is usually the current solution, however thin film encapsulation becomes a promising alternative method [1]. Nevertheless, major challenges should be overcome to develop thin film encapsulation, namely the development of a thin cap strong enough to withstand high mold pressures. Consequently, design tools are required to develop successfully thin film encapsulation [2–4]. For that, finite element models (FEM) are commonly used, and this article proposes a generic methodology based on an efficient convergence loop to fit FEM results with experimental data. Our convergence loop guarantees reliable predictive FEM results because our results are double checked with experimental characterizations: we use not only the cap geometry evolution during the process flow, but also the mechanical properties of the cap and especially its stiffness. A study case which shows how to manage the cap deflection during the cap release operation is used to illustrate the relevance of our methodology. To recall [5], the thin film encapsulation requires closed cavities formed above the MEMS devices with surface micromachining techniques: the cavity is formed with a sacrificial layer recovered by a cap. The cap is then perforated by holes to remove the sacrificial layer. Finally, a film is deposited on the cap to seal the cap holes. In practice, the release of the sacrificial layer is one of the most critical operations because the cap can damage the MEMS device due to a buckling effect. Indeed, the residual stresses within the capping layer (compressive residual stresses are usually mandatory) and the geometry of the sacrificial layer have to be tuned in order to control the final shape of the cap. The study case is focused on a test structure with a silicon oxide quadratic plate of 800 μm side length and 3 μm thickness. In practice, the cap geometry has been characterized with a mechanical profilometer; and, a force/displacement curve obtained by nano-indentation technique has been used to extract accurately the mechanical properties of the cap. Then, these experimental data have been used to build our FEM model. The correlation between experimental data and FEM results allows verifying our model because we show that the simulated profile and the simulated stiffness fit successfully with experimental data. The best result has been obtained with a 60MPa compressive residual stress; and, this value is in agreement with experimental measurements. We have used our FEM model to detail the effect of several parameters like the silicon oxide thickness, the residual stresses, the height of the cap edge rolls, or the added value of reinforcement solutions as corrugated membrane or metallic layer. Finally, we conclude that our model is an efficient design tool to optimize the thin film encapsulation. For example, it becomes possible to monitor the buckling effect of the cap by the cavity geometry or the cap material residual stresses.
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Pang, X., G. Fu, Z. Jiang, and I. Lerche. "Establishment of a Quantitative Index for Evaluation of Caprock Sealing, and Application to the SHONGLIAO Basin, China." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 15, no. 4-5 (September 1997): 369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598797015004-504.
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Using basin modelling principles and methods, this paper puts forward a quantitative and comprehensive index (comprising the influence of a series of geological factors) to evaluate the sealing ability of a caprock, to establish the index with a computer modelling system, and to illustrate its value by application to the Shongliao Basin. The advantage of the Cap Rock Index (CRI) is that it can be used to calculate the oil and gas columns that could be sealed by a caprock, to identify and grade caprocks, to recover sealing changes, and to evaluate the critical points at which caprocks start to seal oil and also gas in the geohistory evolution of a basin.
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Fawad, Manzar, Md Jamilur Rahman, and Nazmul Haque Mondol. "Seismic-derived geomechanical properties of potential CO2 storage reservoir and cap rock in Smeaheia area, northern North Sea." Leading Edge 40, no. 4 (April 2021): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle40040254.1.
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Geologic CO2 storage site selection requires reservoir, seal, and overburden investigation to prevent injection- and storage-related risks. Three-dimensional geomechanical modeling and flow simulation are crucial to evaluate these mechanical-failure-related consequences; however, the model input parameters are limited and challenging to estimate. This study focuses on geomechanical properties extracted from seismic-derived elastic property cubes. The studied reservoirs (Middle Jurassic Sognefjord, Fensfjord, and Krossfjord formation sandstones) and cap rocks (Heather and Draupne formation shales) are located in the Smeaheia area, northern North Sea, and are evaluated for a potential CO2 storage site. From the elastic property cubes, i.e., acoustic impedance, P- to S-wave velocity ratio, and bulk density, we obtained geomechanical property cubes of Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear modulus, lambda-rho, and mu-rho. Petrophysical property cubes such as porosity and shale volume were also available and were extracted from the elastic property cubes using deterministic methods. We evaluated the geomechanical properties to observe their relationship with depth, compaction/cementation, and petrophysical properties to characterize the cap and reservoir rocks. We found good coherence between the geomechanical and petrophysical properties and their relationship with compaction as a function of depth. The brittleness analyses using elastic property crossplots reveal that both the cap and reservoir rocks are mainly ductile to less ductile, posing lower fracturing risk during CO2 injection. This also indicates lower risks of associated microseismic and possible CO2 leakage.
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Bartuś, Jerzy, Rafał Januszek, Damian Hudziak, Michalina Kołodziejczak, Łukasz Kuźma, Mateusz Tajstra, Tomasz Figatowski, et al. "Clinical Outcomes following Large Vessel Coronary Artery Perforation Treated with Covered Stent Implantation: Comparison between Polytetrafluoroethylene- and Polyurethane-Covered Stents (CRACK-II Registry)." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 22 (November 21, 2021): 5441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10225441.
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Data on the clinical outcomes comparing synthetic fluorocarbon polymer polytetrafluoroethylene- (PTFE, GraftMaster) and polyurethane- (Papyrus) covered stents (CSs) to seal coronary artery perforations (CAPs) are limited. We aimed to evaluate 30-day and 1-year clinical outcomes after PCI complicated by CAP and treated with CS. We assessed 106 consecutive patients with successful CAP sealing (122 CSs): GraftMaster (51 patients, 57 CSs) or Papyrus CS (55 patients, 65 CSs). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as the composite of cardiac death, target lesion revascularisation (TLR), and myocardial infarction (MI). The mean age of subjects was 69 ± 9.6 years (53.8% males). No significant differences were identified between the GraftMaster and Papyrus groups at the 30-day follow-up for MACE, cardiac death, MI and stent thrombosis (ST), while significantly lower rate of TLR and TVR (p = 0.02) were confirmed in the Papyrus group. At one year, differences remained similar between stents for MACE, a trend towards a lower rate of TLR (p = 0.07), MI (p = 0.08), and ST (p = 0.08), and higher for cardiac death (p = 0.07) was observed in the Papyrus group. This real-life registry of CAP illustrated that the use of Papyrus CS is associated with lower rates of TLR and TVR at 30-day follow-up in comparison to the GraftMaster CSs and no significant differences between both assessed CS at one year of follow-up.
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Liebnitz, S. "The Howe and Bardolino fields, Blocks 22/12a and 22/13a, UK North Sea." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 52, no. 1 (2020): 468–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m52-2019-23.
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AbstractThe Howe and Bardolino fields lie in UK Blocks 22/12a and 22/13a, respectively, on the eastern flank of the Forties–Montrose High. The Howe Field was discovered in 1987 by well 22/12a-1, and Bardolino in 1988 with well 22/13a-1ST. Both share common Jurassic reservoirs, have Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation top seals, require some form of lateral seal and have similar fluids. Howe has been producing relatively dry oil throughout its production life, indicating relatively good connectivity across the field area. In contrast, the Bardolino accumulation is proven to be compartmentalized. Bardolino is likely to be segmented through some fault-related mechanism.In place volumes at the Howe Field are 46.8 MMbbl, with 17 MMbbl produced thus far through a combination of natural aquifer and solution gas cap drive by subsea development well 22/12a-9Z. In place volumes at the Bardolino Field are 11.2 MMbbl, with 1.1 MMbbl produced to date through depletion drive by a subsea development well 22/13a-8. This represents recovery rates of 35% for Howe and 10% for Bardolino to date. In place volumes for the undeveloped Pentland Formation at Howe are 5 MMbbl. In place estimates for the undeveloped Kimmeridge Clay Formation sandstones at Bardolino are 8 MMbbl.
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Gu, Shan, Maosheng Liu, Chunxiao He, and Jicheng Yang. "Commissioning Analysis and Improvement measures for Biomass Circulating Fluidized Bed Gasifier." E3S Web of Conferences 329 (2021): 01040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132901040.
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This paper presents the debugging test of biomass circulating fluidized bed gasifier in a rice mill factory of Jiangsu Province. The main debugging process of the gasifier system is reported. The typical problems of the gasifier system during the debugging period are analyzed, including the blockage of the primary cyclone separator, blockage of loop seal, bed inventory leakage of blast cap on air distribution plate, feeding tube coking, and large fluctuation of bed pressure. Reasonable improvement countermeasures and implementation plan is provided. The operation characteristics of the gasifier are preliminaries mastered through debugging, which provides reference for the operation and adjustment of the biomass circulating fluidized bed gasifier. These results provide certain guiding significance for the scale application of biomass circulating fluidized bed gasifier.
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YALIZ, A. "The Crawford Field, Block 9/28a, UK North Sea." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 14, no. 1 (1991): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.1991.014.01.35.
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AbstractThe Crawford Field was discovered in 1975 in UK Block 9/28 and the first oil was produced in April 1989. The field has a complex structural history. The reservoir is located on a down-faulted, westward tilting faultblock along the western margin of the Viking Graben. The eastern margin of the faultblock is severely truncated at Base Cretaceous level. The main producing zones comprise Middle Jurassic (Brent Group equivalent) and Triassic (Skagerrak Formation) sandstones. The seal is formed by Cretaceous marls and limestones. Reservoir quality and thickness are extremely variable, and drainage areas are limited. The reservoir fluid is a medium gravity oil having a thin gas cap. Oil in-place is in the order of 130 MMBBL but recovery factors are expected to be low.
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Wańha, Wojciech, Rafał Januszek, Michalina Kołodziejczak, Łukasz Kuźma, Mateusz Tajstra, Tomasz Figatowski, Malwina Smolarek-Nicpoń, et al. "Procedural and 1-year outcomes following large vessel coronary artery perforation treated by covered stents implantation: Multicentre CRACK registry." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): e0249698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249698.
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Background Data regarding the clinical outcomes of covered stents (CSs) used to seal coronary artery perforations (CAPs) in the all-comer population are scarce. The aim of the CRACK Registry was to evaluate the procedural, 30-days and 1-year outcomes after CAP treated by CS implantation. Methods This multicenter all-comer registry included data of consecutive patients with CAP treated by CS implantation. The primary endpoint was the composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), defined as cardiac death, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and myocardial infarction (MI). Results The registry included 119 patients (mean age: 68.9 ± 9.7 years, 55.5% men). Acute coronary syndrome, including: unstable angina 21 (17.6%), NSTEMI 26 (21.8%), and STEMI 26 (21.8%), was the presenting diagnosis in 61.3%, and chronic coronary syndromes in 38.7% of patients. The most common lesion type, according to ACC/AHA classification, was type C lesion in 47 (39.5%) of cases. A total of 52 patients (43.7%) had type 3 Ellis classification, 28 patients (23.5%) had type 2 followed by 39 patients (32.8%) with type 1 perforation. Complex PCI was performed in 73 (61.3%) of patients. Periprocedural death occurred in eight patients (6.7%), of which two patients had emergency cardiac surgery. Those patients were excluded from the one-year analysis. Successful sealing of the perforation was achieved in 99 (83.2%) patients. During the follow-up, 26 (26.2%) patients experienced MACE [7 (7.1%) cardiac deaths, 13 (13.1%) TLR, 11 (11.0%) MIs]. Stent thrombosis (ST) occurred in 6 (6.1%) patients [4(4.0%) acute ST, 1(1.0%) subacute ST and 1(1.0%) late ST]. Conclusions The use of covered stents is an effective treatment of CAP. The procedural and 1-year outcomes of CAP treated by CS implantation showed that such patients should remain under follow-up due to relatively high risk of MACE.
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Flores, Carlos, Thalia Avilés Esquivel, and Claudia Arango. "Seal Cap Resistivity Structure of Los Humeros Geothermal Field from Direct Current and Transient Electromagnetic Soundings." Geofísica Internacional 61, no. 4 (September 29, 2022): 351–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.4.2228.
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Los métodos geofísicos dan información importante en la exploración de recursos geotérmicos. En este trabajo buscamos pistas de la presencia de un yacimiento geotérmico conocido (Los Humeros, México) en la estructura somera de la resistividad eléctrica. Interpretamos cerca de 410 sondeos eléctricos verticales (SEV) y 230 sondeos electromagnéticos transitorios (TEM) que dan información de la resistividad eléctrica hasta profundidades de 1 km, alcanzándose en algunos sitios hasta 2 km.La estructura vertical de la resistividad generalmente consiste de una secuencia resistivo-conductor-resistivo. El rasgo más importante es la unidad conductora, conocida como el casquete de arcillas, asociado con arcillas de alteración hidrotermal arriba del yacimiento geotérmico. Esta unidad sufre de un problema de equivalencia, donde no se pueden determinar por separado su resistividad de su espesor. Sin embargo, las temperaturas de los pozos y las arcillas de alteración asociadas ayudan a constreñir este problema. En varias zonas de la unidad resistiva somera encontramos resistividades bajas que podrían representar zonas de recarga donde roca fracturada permite la infiltración de agua meteórica. El casquete de arcillas no solo se presenta sobre el yacimiento, sino que tiene una presencia regional. Sin embargo, sobre el reservorio esta unidad tiene una mayor conductancia y su cima está más somera. Los pocos lugares donde los sondeos eléctricos alcanzaron profundidades del yacimiento con resistividades bien resueltas dan una resistividad media de 118 ohm▪m, sin poder diferenciar estadísticamente las zonas productoras de las no productoras. Esta resistividad está dentro del rango de valores encontrados en otras zonas geotérmicas del mundo.
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Huang, Xian Bin, Jia Chen, Zhan Yuan Zhu, Wen Hai En, and Jian Liang. "Research of the Key Reinforcement Technology Based on Miaoziping Bridge of Du Wen Expressway after the Wenchuan Earthquake." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 1377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.1377.
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The height from the bridge deck of 5th main pier to ground surface is about115m, and the depth from the top surface of pier cap to water surface is 65m. Reinforcement measures such as flaw detection by frogman, hole plugged, steel caisson placing, steel caisson modeling, high performance concrete seal cracks perimeter. Reinforcement show that, the effect of high-pressure water jet roughening and hole plugged is well; the steel caisson which weighs about 400t sinking stablely and reaching the intended design location; great liquidity, high performance concrete has good workability , 28d strength is above the design and specification demands, bridge static and dynamic tests meeting the design requirements. The research is important for bridge strengthening, and provides reference for the reinforcement design and construction of the same type bridge.
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SIVARAMAKRISHNA, VIJAYKRISHNA, ANISH MEHTA, GERHARD SCHRAMM, and MELVIN A. PASCALL. "Leak Detection in Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles Filled with Water and Pulped and Unpulped Orange Juice Using a Vacuum Decay System." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 2365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.10.2365.
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This research evaluated an offline vacuum decay leak detection system for 1,775-ml polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. These bottles were filled with water and pulped and unpulped orange juice and induction sealed with an aluminum liner and an outer 38-mm continuous thread polypropylene cap. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (i) minimum leak size sensitivity of the instrument; (ii) ability to identify weak but nonleaking seals; (iii) effect of varying fill heights on the equipment's sensitivity; and (iv) percentage of false-positive and negative results likely to be obtained during a normal test run. To meet these objectives, leaks 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μm were created in the PET bottles. A second set of bottles was induction sealed at high voltage and 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and4sof dwell time. A third set of bottles with good seals was filled with differing headspace measurements of brimful, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 cm. After optimizing the equipment, leak tests on random sets of leaking and nonleaking bottles showed 0.0% false-positive and 0.0% negative identifications. Results showed 5-μm minimum leak size detection for bottles filled with all products. Optimum seal conditions were >2 but <3s at high voltage. Product fill heights >2to ≤3 cm did not affect the efficiency of the equipment. These results show that this vacuum decay system has potential for use in identifying leaks in PET bottles used for food packaging.
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Jia, Ru, Caiwei Fan, Bo Liu, Xiaofei Fu, and Yejun Jin. "Analysis of Natural Hydraulic Fracture Risk of Mudstone Cap Rocks in XD Block of Central Depression in Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 6, 2021): 4085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144085.
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The Yinggehai Basin is an important Cenozoic gas bearing basin in the South China Sea. With the gradual improvement of gas exploration and over-development in shallow layers, deep overpressured layers have become the main target for natural gas exploration. There are no large-scale faults in the strata above the Meishan Formation in the central depression, and hydraulic fracturing caused by overpressure in mudstone cap rocks is the key factor for the vertical differential distribution of gas. In this paper, based on the leak-off data, pore fluid pressure, and rock mechanics parameters, the Fault Analysis Seal Technology (FAST) method is used to analyze the hydraulic fracture risk of the main mudstones in the central depression. The results show that the blocks in the diapir zone have been subjected to hydraulic fracturing in the Huangliu cap rocks during the whole geological history, and the blocks in the slope zone which is a little distant from the diapirs has a lower overall risk of hydraulic fracture than the diapir zone. In geological history, the cap rocks in slope zone remained closed for a longer time than in diapir zone and being characterized by the hydraulic fracture risk decreases with the distance from the diapirs. These evaluation results are consistent with enrichment of natural gas, which accumulated in both the Yinggehai Formation and Huangliu Formation of the diapir zone, but it only accumulated in the the Huangliu Formations of the slope zone. The most reasonable explanation for the difference of the gas reservoir distribution is that the diapirs promote the development of hydraulic fractures: (1) diapirism transfers deep overpressure to shallow layers; (2) the small fault and fractures induced by diapir activities weakened the cap rock and reduced the critical condition for the natural hydraulic fractures. These effects make the diapir zone more prone to hydraulic fracturing, which are the fundamental reasons for the difference in gas enrichment between the diapir zone and the slope zone.
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Mohamed, Sameera Mohamed, Hamd-Allah Allah, and Hayder Saeed Fukaa Fukaa. "Simulation of underground storage / UM EL-Radhuma Formation-Ratawi field." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 8, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v8i2.233.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of underground storage of gas in Um El-Radhuma formation /Ratawi field. This formation is an aquifer consisting of a high permeable dolomitebeds overlain by impermeable anhydrite bed of Rus formation. Interactive petrophysics (IP), Petrel REand Eclipse 100 softwares were used to conduct a well log interpretation, build a reservoir simulationmodel and predict the reservoir behavior during storage respectively. A black oil, three dimensionaland two phase fluid model has been used. The results showed that the upper part of Um El-Radhumaformation is suitable for underground gas storage, because of the seal of its cap rock and capability ofreserving gas in the reservoir. It was found that available volume for storage is 14.3 billion cubic feetwith a structural closure of 45 m. the optimum injection rate has been calculated also.
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Murray, E. W., S. P. Goudey, R. G. L. McCready, and J. Salley. "Laboratory and Field Testing of a Salt-Supplemented Clay Cap as an Impermeable Seal Over Pyritic Slates." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1988, no. 1 (1988): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr88010052.
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Camac, Bronwyn A., Suzanne P. Hunt, and Peter J. Boult. "Predicting brittle cap-seal failure of petroleum traps: an application of 2D and 3D distinct element method." Petroleum Geoscience 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1354-079309-796.
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Sax, M., and N. D. Meeks. "The introduction of wheel cutting as a technique for engraving cylinder seals: its distinction from filing." Iraq 56 (1994): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900002904.
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It has been recognized in glyptic and other studies (for example Ogden, 1982 and Gorelick and Gwinnett, 1992) that considerable advances in engraving technology were made once the bow drill, originally used vertically with a cap stone, had been adapted so that a cutting wheel could be fitted to a spindle mounted between fixed bearings (an arrangement similar to a “horizontal engraving spindle” or a “fixed lapidary lathe”). In some recent publications it has been suggested that this key innovation occurred as early as the fourth millennium B.C. (see for example Nissen, 1977; Collon, 1986; Gorelick and Gwinnett, 1992). In this paper we present some observations which we have made on Mesopotamian cylinder seals; they suggest that the introduction of the wheel occurred considerably later, probably not until the Old Babylonian period in the first half of the second millennium.The designs engraved in intaglio around the convex sides of cylinder seals have been extensively studied by antiquarians and archaeologists since the end of the eighteenth century (see Collon, 1987). More recently consideration has been given to the techniques used to shape and polish the seals and to drill their perforations. The seals were usually made from natural minerals or stones and some of the major lapidary methods employed in Mesopotamia during the 3000 years or so of cylinder seal production, a time span which stretched from the Chalcolithic period to the Iron Age, have been identified (Gorelick and Gwinnett, 1978 and 1989 etc). Advances in lapidary methods, which allowed harder stones such as hematite and subsequently quartz to be commonly worked for seals during the second millennium, appear to reflect the advantages gained by the availability of emery, a more efficient abrasive material than quartz (Heimpel et al., 1988). Other advantages appear to have been gained by the change from stone-based lapidary techniques to those employing metal (copper alloy) tools (Gwinnett and Gorelick, 1987).
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Kiær, Anders Fredrik. "Fitting top seal topography and CO2 layer thickness to time-lapse seismic amplitude maps at Sleipner." Interpretation 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): SM47—SM55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0127.1.
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Injected [Formula: see text] at the Sleipner storage site is migrating into several thin layers. Using a tuning relationship, two different layer thicknesses can give the same reflection amplitude, and it is then not possible to go from amplitudes to [Formula: see text] layer thicknesses without further constraints. Exploiting spatial and time-lapse dependencies in the reflection amplitude maps makes it possible to resolve this ambiguity and create layer thickness maps when the [Formula: see text] flow is gravity dominated. The topography of the sealing cap rock was used as an optimization parameter. Tests were done on synthetic data and real data from the Sleipner [Formula: see text] injection. The resulting topography map for the Sleipner case deviated by 5.3 m on average from simple time-depth mapping, which is within the mapping uncertainty. Although the predictive power is limited, outputs of the method can be used to check if the flow matches a gravity-dominated model or if other flow mechanisms are needed to explain the observations.
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Ashmore, David W., Douglas W. F. Mair, and David O. Burgess. "Meltwater percolation, impermeable layer formation and runoff buffering on Devon Ice Cap, Canada." Journal of Glaciology 66, no. 255 (November 8, 2019): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.80.
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AbstractThe retention of meltwater in the accumulation area of the Greenland ice sheet and other Arctic ice masses buffers their contribution to sea level change. However, sustained warming also results in impermeable ice layers or ‘ice slabs’ that seal the underlying pore space. Here, we use a 1-D, physically based, high-resolution model to simulate the surface mass balance (SMB), percolation, refreezing, ice layer formation and runoff from across the high-elevation area of Devon Ice Cap, Canada, from 2001 to 2016. We vary the thickness of the ‘impermeable’ ice layer at which underlying firn becomes inaccessible to meltwater. Thick near-surface ice layers are established by an initial deep percolation, the formation of decimetre ice layers and the infilling of interleaving pore space. The cumulative SMB increases by 48% by varying impermeable layer thickness between 0.01 and 5 m. Within this range we identify narrower range (0.25–1 m) that can simulate both the temporal variability in SMB and the observed near-surface density structure. Across this range, cumulative SMB variation is limited to 6% and 45–49% of mass retention takes place within the annually replenished snowpack. Our results indicate cooler summers after intense mid-2000s warming have led to a partial replenishment of pore space.