Journal articles on the topic 'Cantores de Hispalis'

Los poetas en la época prehispánica nahua eran llamados cuicapicque que significa “creadores de cantos” o “forjadores de cantos”, se sabe que por poseer el don poético, eran admirados, respetados y su producción fue vasta. Miguel León Portilla rescató el nombre de veinte de ellos, incluida una mujer, Macuilxochitzin a quien trataremos de conocer a través del análisis y reflexión que se desprende del único canto que de ella se tiene. ¿Quién era? ¿Por qué solamente se tiene este poema de la época prehispánica atribuido a una mujer? ¿Qué hay más allá del hecho histórico al que alude? Es lo que trataremos de responder a lo largo de este trabajo, insuficiente creemos para conocer el legado femenino de las forjadoras de cantos de aquella época pero que intentaremos al menos, rescatar su voz en una sociedad donde el valor de “lo femenino” y por ende, la importancia de la mujer, aún está por comprenderse.

ABSTRACTAside from Don Randel's study of the responsory verse tones, there have been few comparative analyses of Old Hispanic chant melodies. Such comparison requires new methods because of the paucity of surviving manuscripts, the limited sharing of repertoire between them and the nature of the notation. This article examines variants in specific opening and cadential contexts, across the Old Hispanic corpus. In these contexts, cantors chose from a system of interchangeable melodic shapes, which vary by manuscript. Some manuscripts cluster in their choices of these shapes, in ways that confirm Randel's findings, with four melodic dialects in evidence (‘Leon’, ‘Rioja’, ‘Toledo A’ and ‘Toledo B’). Other manuscripts, however, do not fit securely into any of these four dialects, instead showing a certain degree of permeability between the dialects. Although the types of variants we have identified, including differences in notation and melody, may appear ‘insignificant’ in comparisons of individual chants, they emerge as significant markers of melodic dialects in comparisons of large data sets.

La presencia del hoquetus In soeculum en el manuscrito Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional mss. 20486, corrobora el testimonio del Anónimo IV de Coussemaker quien atribuye esta pieza a «un cierto [autor] hispano». Su particular notación cuenta con el apoyo de posteriores versiones en notación prefranconiana que clarifican varios de los «puntos oscuros» dejados por la notación de Notre-Dame propia de Ma. No obstante, se observan algunos detalles notacionales hasta ahora inéditos, orientados a ayudar a los cantores o instrumentistas a establecer con claridad el procedimiento hoquético. Nos encontramos ante la primera pieza polifónica auténticamente hispana. La presencia de In soeculum y de otras única del manuscrito Ma nos informa de la actividad musical de los hispanos, nada desdeñable a juzgar por los hechos musicales.

Given the fragmentary evidence about the emergence of Western plainsong, scholars have not reached a consensus about how early liturgical chant was transformed into fully formed Medieval repertories. Proposed explanations have centered on the Roman liturgy and its two chant dialects, Gregorian and Old Roman. The Old Hispanic (or Mozarabic) chant can yield new insights into how and why the creators of early repertories selected and altered biblical texts, set them to specific kinds of music, and assigned them to festivals. I explore these questions from the perspective of the Old Hispanic sacrificia, or offertory chants. Specific traditions of Iberian biblical exegesis were central to the meaning and formation of these chants, guiding their compilers’ choice and alteration of biblical sources. Their textual characteristics and liturgical structure call for a reassessment of the theories that have been proposed about the origins of Roman chant. Although the sacrificia exhibit ample signs of liturgical planning, such as thematically proper chants with unique liturgical assignments, the processes that produced this repertory were both less linear and more varied than those envisaged for Roman chant. Finally, the sacrificia shed new light on the relationship between words and music in pre-Carolingian chant, showing that the cantors shaped the melodies according to textual syntax and meaning.

Pathways to Early Cancer Detection in Four Ethnic Groups is a program project funded by the National Cancer Institute aimed at increasing the use of breast and cervical cancer screening among underserved African American, Chinese, Hispanic, and Vietnamese women. The program project core is dedicated to cross-cultural studies including development of survey questions that are comparable in four languages. This article describes the Pathways surveys, summarizes the challenges encountered in question translation, and presents an adapted approach to translation. Concurrent, multilingual, decentered translation was the process through which an English version of each question was selected only when it could be directly and meaningfully translated into Mandarin, Cantonese, Spanish, and Vietnamese. Examples of challenges and how these were addressed in the Pathways surveys are presented, along with lessons learned throughout this process.

This article reports on the first 2 years of an ongoing project that examined the efficacy of a 10-hour dementia training provided to entry-level personal care aide (PCA) trainees from the Hispanic, White, African American, and Asian communities in New York City. Participants were enrolled in a 90-hour PCA training program offered by the New York City Department for the Aging and were either recipients of public assistance, displaced employees from September 11, or recent immigrants to the United States from China. Classes were conducted in Spanish, English, and Mandarin/Cantonese. An 11-item Knowledge of Alzheimer’s Disease instrument was developed for the purposes of this project and administered before and after the dementia training and at 3 months following graduation. All groups, regardless of language, showed a significant increase in knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease at the conclusion of the training and retention of this knowledge at 3 months follow-up. Age was strongly correlated with an increase in knowledge, while gender and education were not.

Abstract Background There are 3.8 million breast cancer survivors (BCS) in the United States and 67-88% of them report unmet needs in survivorship care. With advancements in breast cancer treatment and improved survival rates, there is a growing need to expand survivorship care to address the long-term physical, psychosocial, and medical needs of cancer survivors. There is a significant disparity in access to high-quality survivorship care, particularly for diverse patient populations in safety net hospitals. BCS in marginalized communities experience worse health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes following cancer treatment in the management of symptoms, complications of treatment, and overall health-related distress. Thus, new models that leverage complex care management principles and novel care delivery systems, such as telehealth, are needed to provide multidisciplinary care and support for self-management. Methods We conducted a single-arm, pilot intervention trial of telehealth group medical visits (tGMV) in a safety net hospital serving low-income and racially and ethnically diverse BCS. The study team included physicians, advanced practitioners, PCPs, clinical psychologists, nurses, dieticians, exercise instructors, Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners, sexual health counselors, research coordinators, and patient navigators. We enrolled a total of 6 cohorts of 7-10 BCS for the tGMV intervention (2 cohorts each in English, Spanish, and Cantonese). Each cohort had four weekly sessions on the following topics: 1) Reclaiming your health after cancer, 2) Managing emotional health, 3) Sexual health and relationship, and 4) Food is medicine. All participants were trained on the telehealth video conference platform. The curriculum was culturally adapted in the Spanish and Cantonese cohorts. Study staff followed up with participants by phone after each session. We evaluated feasibility and acceptability as primary outcomes with prespecified thresholds for >90 % completion of planned sessions and >70% attendance. Participants’ evaluation of the intervention and self-efficacy were secondary outcomes, which are not reported in this abstract. Results Fifty-three women with stage I-III breast cancer were enrolled in the study. The age was 37 to 75 (median: 58). There were 14 (26%) English-speaking participants, 19 (36%) Spanish-speaking participants, and 20 (38%) Cantonese-speaking participants. Eight (15%) participants identified as White, three (5.7%) Black A/A, 23 (43%) Asians, and 19 (36%) Hispanic; 43 (81%) participants were foreign-born. Twenty-seven (51%) participants reported food insecurity on the screening survey. The overall attendance rate was 98% (English: 97%, Spanish: 97%, and Cantonese: 100%). Of the 53 participants, 41 (77%) found the telehealth format acceptable, 47 (88%) agreed/strongly agreed that it was easy to log in and stay connected, 53 (100%) agreed/strongly agreed that tGMV were a good use of their time, 52 (98%) understood the purpose of the telehealth format, and 50 (94%) felt the information was easy to understand. Conclusions Telehealth-delivered group medical visits are feasible and acceptable in a safety net setting and are a promising intervention that may help in addressing the unmet needs of cancer survivors. We also found that despite the reported low uptake of telehealth in safety net settings, emphasis on training and technical support during sessions can increase the utilization of telehealth. Citation Format: Ivan Leung, Evelin Trejo, Ana Velázquez Mañana, Elizabeth Castillo, Barbara Cicerelli, Robin McBride, Piera Wong, Huiyu Xie, Lily Zhang, Nancy Burke, Niharika Dixit. Bridging Disparities in Survivorship Care: Leveraging Telehealth for Diverse Patients in Safety Net Hospital [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PS18-08.

Asian American women, including Laotian American women (LAW), have the lowest rate of being up to date with cervical cancer (CC) screenings at 75% compared to other ethnic groups (85% White, 86% Black, 79% Hispanic, 79% American Indian/Alaska Native; American Cancer Society, 2019; Nghiem, Davies, Chan, Mulla, & Cantor, 2016). This rate is substantially lower than the national objective of 93% (Healthy People.gov, 2020). CC is highly treatable if caught early in the localized stage with a 91.8% 5-year survival rate (National Cancer Institute, n.d.). There is scant research on the incidence and factors surrounding CC screening in Laotian Americans and has primarily been representative of California. The Portland metropolitan area in the United States’ (U.S.) Pacific Northwest has one of the top ten highest Laotian American populations (Greblo, 2011). The Laotian American cultural community leaders (CCLs) in the Pacific Northwest expressed to our academic project team at Washington State University Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine and the College of Nursing that the Laotian American community is a private ethnic group wary of those from the outside and particularly researchers.

<p>Gaius Suetonius in <em>Vitae Galbae</em>, as part of his <em>Vita divi Augusti</em>, described the case of a banker (<em>nummularius</em>) and the penal sanction applied to him by the later emperor Galba. The governor of the province of Hispania Tarraconensis ordered to cut off the hands of a banker who was unfairly changing money. In order to show even greater severity of the punishment, he ordered the cut off hands to be nailed to the table where the banker was performing the dishonest acts. Undoubtedly, <em>nummularius</em> punished by Galba conducted operations within <em>mensa nummularia</em>. The owners of the cantors used qualified people recruited from among the lower social strata, mainly slaves, to perform mint operations. The professional examination of the quality of a coin required a great deal of specialist work. The convict participated in the banking activity as a support technical personnel. The minting and testing operations ended with sealing the purse with <em>tesserae nummulariae</em>. Such specialized operations were not performed by Roman citizens. The content of <em>tesserae nummulariae</em> may be an indication that the testing operations were performed by slaves. <em>Servi</em> had actual knowledge of the contents of the controlled purses and the control process could be an opportunity for abuse or even punishable acts. The slave would therefore suffer a well-deserved and adequate punishment in the form of chopping off his hands and nailing them to the table at which he dishonestly carried out minting and testing activities.</p>

265 Background: In 2019, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) conducted exploratory quantitative analyses of patient satisfaction scores stratified by demographics to understand where gaps in experience exist. Results suggested differences among certain groups. As such, we applied a broad, systematic approach to our patient experience understanding to prioritize and implement improvements. Methods: A multidisciplinary team conducted an analysis of patient experience using a phased mixed method approach to identify areas for improvement. First, the team analyzed ̃50,000 patient experience surveys (Mar 2019-Feb 2021). Surveys were collected from all DFCI-sites and stratified by race, ethnicity, and language. Significance testing was conducted using z-tests. Second, results of the quantitative analysis were used to define focus group participant demographics and interview questions. Results: The analysis found demographic differences in response rates (White 25.5%, n = 24,519; Black 14.0%, n = 567; Asian 14.7%, n = 495; Hispanic or Latino 11.6%, n = 92; English 25.1%, n = 25,074; Non-English 11.2%, n = 332) and lower top box satisfaction scores (% patients rating in highest category) for patients of color and patients whose preferred language is not English (Table). Table shows results from a survey question asking patients to rate overall quality of care received at the facility. Next, DFCI will conduct fourteen focus groups with diverse patient groups to learn where DFCI has improvement opportunities. Focus groups will include English-speaking Black, Indigenous, Patients of Color as well as Spanish, Arabic, Mandarin, and Cantonese speaking patients. Following focus groups, a thematic analysis will be conducted, and recommendations will be prioritized and implemented by multidisciplinary teams. Conclusions: Patient experience survey data are typically reported in aggregate, masking variation among the demographic groupings in which patients identify. Using a systematic approach, stratifying the data specifically to understand where differences exist, was fundamental to understanding gaps in experience among separate groups of patients. This granular knowledge is critical to providing an equitable patient experience and is the necessary approach that will allow us to identify and prioritize interventions to improve the patient experience for all. Through our approach, we aim to elevate voices of patients across demographic groups and to inform the health delivery interventions needed.[Table: see text]

AbstractAlthough inflammation is strongly associated with frailty, whether medications that lower inflammation decrease frailty is unclear and randomized trial evidence is scant. We sought to test whether canakinumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody that inhibits IL‐1β and reduces C‐reactive protein (CRP), can lower frailty risk. This was a post hoc analysis of the Canakinumab ANti‐inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS), a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial of 10,061 stable postmyocardial infarction patients randomized to subcutaneous canakinumab once every 3 months. Incident frailty was measured using a 34‐item cumulative‐deficit Frailty Index (FI). Time‐to‐event analysis using intent to treat. A total of 9942 CANTOS participants had data to calculate a baseline FI. Median age was 61 (IQR 54–68); 74% were male, 12% Asian, 3% Black, 80% White, and 16% Hispanic/Latino. At baseline, mean FI score was 0.12 and 13% were frail using a cutoff of 0.2. Over 5 years, 1080 participants (12.5%) became frail and mean FI scores increased to 0.14. There was no effect on frailty incidence according to randomization to any canakinumab dose versus placebo over time, HR 1.03 (0.91–1.17), p = 0.63. Results were similar using phenotypic frailty. Additionally, the primary findings of CANTOS in terms of canakinumab‐associated cardiovascular event reduction were unchanged in analyses stratified by baseline frailty. In conclusion, among stable adult patients with atherosclerosis, random allocation to interleukin‐1b inhibition with canakinumab versus placebo did not lower risk of incident frailty over 5 years. More randomized data are needed to understand the role of targeted anti‐inflammatory medications for frailty prevention in older adults.

AbstractBackgroundGait velocity and cognition generally decline as individuals age. Studies have indicated that gait velocity can be used as a simple, novel, and relatively culture‐free cognitive assessment tool in older adults, particularly in domains of memory, attention, and executive function. There is limited research in this area with racial/ethnic minority groups. This study examined the association between performance on specific cognitive domains and gait velocity in older Chinese Americans – a growing, yet underrepresented group in US‐based research.Method71 Chinese American older adults (age 73.6 ± 6.9) with normal cognition (n = 27), mild cognitive impairment (n = 32), and early dementia (n = 12) were included in a pilot study at the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC) at Mount Sinai. Participants underwent a standard dementia evaluation in Mandarin/Cantonese, which included a clinical interview, medical exam, and neuropsychological testing. All participants self‐reported as Chinese Americans who were primarily Cantonese‐ or Mandarin‐speaking. Exclusion criteria included: not proficient in Cantonese/Mandarin, mobility impairment, as well as history of psychiatric disorder(s) and cerebrovascular accident. Diagnoses were assigned at a consensus conference. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine cognitive domains encompassing the neuropsychological battery, which included tests of processing speed/attention, executive function, memory, and language/verbal fluency. Gait velocity was measured with a walking speed test measured in seconds. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between gait velocity and cognitive performance, while controlling for age, education, depression measured by Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and lifestyle/medical factors (e.g., tobacco/alcohol use, hypertension).ResultFactor analysis demonstrated 4 principal neuropsychological factors: non‐contextual memory, contextual memory, processing speed, and language/verbal fluency. The regression model showed that lower scores on a test of non‐contextual memory was associated with slower gait velocity. Higher GDS scores were associated with slower gait velocity.ConclusionConsistent with previous studies with predominately non‐Hispanic White samples, we found an association between gait velocity and non‐contextual memory in older Chinese Americans. In contrast to the literature, no other cognitive domains were significant in this small sample. The finding provides preliminary data to support the use of gait velocity as a novel cognitive assessment in this historically underrepresented group.

Our study aim was to test whether three commonly-used measures of acculturation, or simple race and ethnicity, were more accurate in predicting three specific health behaviors. “Acculturation” variables included a) citizenship status (native-born US citizen, naturalized citizen, non-citizen), b) years of residence in the USA, and c) language spoken during the interview, and that reported to be spoken at home. The health behaviors examined were a) receiving an annual flu vaccination, b) current smoker or “never having smoked” status, and c) (not) drinking more than four alcoholic beverages at one time on a daily or weekly basis (“binge drinking”). Data from the 2011 – 2019 California Health Interview Surveys (CHIS) indicate that Asian race was a positive predictor of all three health behaviors. Whites, Hispanics and African-Americans demonstrated similar positive behaviors, but specifically in regards to flu vaccinations, never having smoked status, and (no) binge drinking, respectively. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses indicate that citizenship status, and years of residency in the USA for non-citizens, did not predict these same behaviors. Findings indicate that language may be significant, but mainly as a proxy for race and ethnicity, rather than as an acculturation component. Responses from those who spoke Spanish or an Asian language offered in CHIS, for example, were largely consistent with those from Hispanic and Asian participants, respectively. Responses to the same questions from those who spoke an Asian language a) during the interview and b) reportedly at home, were not always consistent, however, and warrant further investigation. It is also possible that the relatively small number of CHIS survey language choices may limit diversity and representation in the study population, and affect findings using these data. Those who do not speak English, Spanish, Chinese (Cantonese and Mandarin), Korean, Tagalog or Vietnamese are presumably excluded from this study, although their data in terms of language, race and ethnicity would seem highly relevant and valuable. Because CHIS is limited to California, we recommend future research using nationwide data that considers other acculturation components, and includes ethnic and cultural subgroups, and bi- and multi-racial populations. Keywords: Acculturation, immigrant, health behaviors, race, ethnicity, CHIS, language

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic triggered unprecedented expansion of outpatient telemedicine in the United States in all types of health systems, including safety-net health systems. These systems generally serve low-income, racially/ethnically/linguistically diverse patients, many of whom face barriers to digital health access. These patients’ perspectives are vital to inform ongoing, equitable implementation efforts. Methods Twenty-five semi-structured interviews exploring a theoretical framework of technology acceptability were conducted from March through July 2020. Participants had preferred languages of English, Spanish, or Cantonese and were recruited from three clinics (general medicine, obstetrics, and pulmonary) within the San Francisco Health Network. Both deductive and inductive coding were performed. In a secondary analysis, qualitative data were merged with survey data to relate perspectives to demographic factors and technology access/use. Results Participants were diverse with respect to language (52% non-English-speaking), age (range 23-71), race/ethnicity (24% Asian, 20% Black, 44% Hispanic/Latinx, 12% White), & smartphone use (80% daily, 20% weekly or less). All but 2 had a recent telemedicine visit (83% telephone). Qualitative results revealed that most participants felt telemedicine visits fulfilled their medical needs, were convenient, and were satisfied with their telemedicine care. However, most still preferred in-person visits, expressing concern that tele-visits relied on patients’ abilities to access telemedicine, as well as monitor and manage their own health without in-person physical evaluation. Conclusions High satisfaction with telemedicine can co-exist with patient-expressed hesitations surrounding the perceived effectiveness, self-efficacy, and digital access barriers associated with a new model of care. More research is needed to guide how healthcare systems and clinicians make decisions and communicate about visit modalities to support high-quality care that responds to patients’ needs and circumstances.