Academic literature on the topic 'Cantor alloy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cantor alloy"
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Glatzel, Uwe, Felix Schleifer, Christian Gadelmeier, Fabian Krieg, Moritz Müller, Mike Mosbacher, and Rainer Völkl. "Quantification of Solid Solution Strengthening and Internal Stresses through Creep Testing of Ni-Containing Single Crystals at 980 °C." Metals 11, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11071130.
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Various alloy compositions were cast as single crystals in a Bridgman vacuum induction furnace and creep tested at 980 °C: pure Ni, the equiatomic alloys CoCrNi and CrMnFeCoNi (Cantor alloy), single-phase fcc (Ni) solid solution alloys (with the composition of the matrix-phase of CMSX-3 and CMSX-4), and two-phase Ni-based superalloys CMSX-3 and CMSX-4. Due to the single-crystal state, grain size effects, grain boundary sliding, and grain boundary diffusion can be excluded. The results identify two major strengthening mechanisms: solid solution strengthening and other mechanisms summarized as precipitation hardening. Configurational entropy does not increase creep strength: The Cantor alloy, with the highest configurational entropy of all alloys tested, shows a weak and similar creep strength at 980 °C in comparison to pure Ni with zero configurational entropy. The element Re is a very effective strengthener, both in single-phase fcc (Ni) solid solution alloys as well as in two-phase superalloys. Quantitative estimations of different strengthening mechanisms: internal back stress, misfit stresses, Orowan bowing, and γ′-phase cutting (in the case of two-phase superalloys) are presented. Finite element simulations allow estimating the influence of solid solution strengthening of the matrix on the creep behavior of the two-phase superalloys.
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Zhang, Xiangkai, Hanting Ye, Jacob C. Huang, Taiyou Liu, Pinhung Lin, Yaocheng Wu, Mintsang Tsai, Yuchin Liao, and Jason S. C. Jang. "Nano-Scaled Creep Response of TiAlV Low Density Medium Entropy Alloy at Elevated Temperatures." Materials 13, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010036.
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A low density, medium entropy alloy (LD-MEA) Ti33Al33V34 (4.44 g/cm3) was successfully developed. The microstructure was found to be composed of a disordered body-centered-cubic (BCC) matrix and minor ordered B2 precipitates based on transmission electron microscopy characterization. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium modeling, simulated using the Calphad approach, were applied to predict the phase constituent. Creep behavior of {110} grains at elevated temperatures was investigated by nanoindentation and the results were compared with Cantor alloy and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Dislocation creep was found to be the dominant mechanism. The decreasing trend of hardness in {110} grains of BCC TiAlV is different from that in {111} grains of face-centered-cubic (FCC) Cantor alloy due to the different temperature-dependence of Peierls stress in these two lattice structures. The activation energy value of {110} grains was lower than that of {111} grains in FCC Cantor alloy because of the denser atomic stacking in FCC alloys. Compared with conventional Ti-6Al-4V alloy, TiAlV possesses considerably higher hardness and specific strength (63% higher), 83% lower creep displacement at room temperature, and 50% lower creep strain rate over the temperature range from 500 to 600 °C under the similar 1150 MPa stress, indicating a promising substitution for Ti-6Al-4V alloy as structural materials.
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Yamanaka, Syuki, Ken-ichi Ikeda, and Seiji Miura. "The effect of titanium and silicon addition on phase equilibrium and mechanical properties of CoCrFeMnNi-based high entropy alloy." Journal of Materials Research 36, no. 10 (May 28, 2021): 2056–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43578-021-00251-0.
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Abstract The effects of Ti and Si addition on the phase equilibrium and mechanical properties of the equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy (Cantor alloy) were investigated. The phase equilibrium at 1000 °C was determined from the result of X-ray diffraction and electron probe micro-analysis. Ti addition stabilizes the $$\sigma$$ σ phase, A12 phase and C14-Laves phase, while Si addition stabilizes the A13 phase. The phase relationships were represented by projection onto (Co, Fe, Mn, Ni)–Cr–X(Ti or Si) isothermal ternary cross-section at 1000 °C in Co–Cr–Fe–Mn–Ni–X senary system. Tensile tests were conducted on Cantor-based fcc single solid solution alloys with Ti or Si dissolution at room temperature. The 0.2% yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increased with either element addition. The Ti-added alloy showed higher strength than the Si-added alloy. The difference in ductility in the alloys is related to their strain hardening behavior in the higher strain range. Graphic abstract
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Babić, Emil, Đuro Drobac, Ignacio Alejandro Figueroa, Mathilde Laurent-Brocq, Željko Marohnić, Vesna Mikšić Trontl, Damir Pajić, et al. "Transition from High-Entropy to Conventional Alloys: Which Are Better?" Materials 14, no. 19 (October 5, 2021): 5824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195824.
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The study of the transition from high-entropy alloys (HEAs) to conventional alloys (CAs) composed of the same alloying components is apparently important, both for understanding the formation of HEAs and for proper evaluation of their potential with respect to that of the corresponding CAs. However, this transition has thus far been studied in only two types of alloy systems: crystalline alloys of iron group metals (such as the Cantor alloy and its derivatives) and both amorphous (a-) and crystalline alloys, TE-TL, of early (TE = Ti, Zr, Nb, Hf) and late (TL = Co, Ni, Cu) transition metals. Here, we briefly overview the main results for the transition from HEAs to CAs in these alloy systems and then present new results for the electronic structure (ES), studied with photoemission spectroscopy and specific heat, atomic structure, thermal, magnetic and mechanical properties of a-TE-TL and Cantor-type alloys. A change in the properties of the alloys studied on crossing from the HEA to the CA concentration range mirrors that in the ES. The compositions of the alloys having the best properties depend on the alloy system and the property selected. This emphasizes the importance of knowing the ES for the design of new compositional complex alloys with the desired properties.
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Campari, Enrico Gianfranco, Angelo Casagrande, Elena Colombini, Magdalena Lassinantti Gualtieri, and Paolo Veronesi. "The Effect of Zr Addition on Melting Temperature, Microstructure, Recrystallization and Mechanical Properties of a Cantor High Entropy Alloy." Materials 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 5994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14205994.
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The effect of Zr addition on the melting temperature of the CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy (HEA), known as the “Cantor’s Alloy”, is investigated, together with its micro-structure, mechanical properties and thermomechanical recrystallization process. The base and Zr-modified alloys are obtained by vacuum induction melting of mechanically pre-alloyed powders. Raw materials are then cold rolled and annealed. recrystallization occurred during the heat treatment of the cold-rolled HEA. The alloys are characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, thermal analyses, mechanical spectroscopy and indentation measures. The main advantages of Zr addition are: (1) a fast vacuum induction melting process; (2) the lower melting temperature, due to Zr eutectics formation with all the Cantor’s alloy elements; (3) the good chemical alloy homogeneity; and (4) the mechanical properties improvement of re-crystallized grains with a coherent structure. The crystallographic lattice of both alloys results in FCC. The Zr-modified HEA presents a higher recrystallization temperature and smaller grain size after recrystallization with respect to the Cantor’s alloy, with precipitation of a coherent second phase, which enhances the alloy hardness and strength.
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Ledieu, J., M. Feuerbacher, C. Thomas, M. C. de Weerd, S. Šturm, M. Podlogar, J. Ghanbaja, S. Migot, M. Sicot, and V. Fournée. "The (110) and (320) surfaces of a Cantor alloy." Acta Materialia 209 (May 2021): 116790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116790.
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Gromov, V. E., Yu A. Rubannikova, S. V. Konovalov, K. A. Osintsev, and S. V. Vorob’ev. "Generation of increased mechanical properties of Cantor highentropy alloy." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 8 (September 2, 2021): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-8-599-605.
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The article considers a brief review of the last years of Russian and foreign research on the possibilities of improving mechanical properties of the Cantor quinary highentropy alloy (HEA) with different phase composition in wide temperature range. The alloy, one of the frst created equimolar HEAs with FCC structure, needs mechanical properties improvement in accordance with possible felds of application in spite of its high impact toughness and increased creep resistance. It has been noted that bimodal distribution of the grains by sizes under severe plastic torsional strain at high pressure of 7.8 GPa of cast alloy and subsequent shorttime annealing at 873 and 973 K can change strength and plastic properties. Nanodimensional scale of the grains surrounded by amorphous envelope has been obtained for HEA produced by the method of magnetron sputtering and subsequent annealing at 573 K. In such a twophase alloy nanohardness amounted to 9.44 GPa and elasticity modulus – to 183 GPa. Using plasticity effect induced by phase transformation in (CrMnFeCoNi)50Fe50 alloy obtained by the method of laser additive technology the ultimate strength of 415 – 470 MPa has been reached at high level of plasticity up to 77 %. It has been ensured by FCC → BCC diffusionless transformation. It is shown that difference in mechanisms of plastic strain of cast alloy at 77 K and 293 K (dislocation glide and twinning) determines a combination of increased “strengthplasticity” properties. Samples for generation of twins prestrained at 77 K exhibit increased strength and plasticity under subsequent loading at 293 K in comparison with the unstrained ones. For HEA obtained by laser additive technology this way of increasing properties is also true. The way of improving mechanical properties at the expense of electron beam processing is noted. The attention is paid to the necessity of taking into account the role of entropy, crystal lattice distortions, shortrange order, weak diffusion and “cocktail” effect in the analysis of mechanical properties.
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Kang, You Bin, Seung Min Oh, Kap Ho Lee, and Sun Ig Hong. "Stress-Strain Responses of Multi-Phase CoCrCuMnNi and CoCrMnFeCu Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 765 (March 2018): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.765.166.
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Stress-strain responses and microstructure of multi-phase CoCrCuMnNi and CoCrMnFeCu alloys in which Fe or Ni was replaced by Cu from Cantor alloy were studied. The deformation mechanisms of CoCrCuMnNi and CoCrMnFeCu were observed to be influenced by the presence of brittle sigma phase and the separated Cu-rich and the matrix phase. CoCrCuMnNi exhibited the relatively lower strength and excellent deformability, while CrMnFeCoCu alloy exhibited higher strength and lower ductility. The higher strength and the lower ductility of CoCrCuMnNi is associated with the presence more frequent and coarser sigma phase than those in CoCrCuMnNi.
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Brotzu, Andrea, Stefano Natali, Zortea Laura, and De Filippo Barbara. "High Entropy Cantor Alloys (HEAs) modification induced by tungsten alligation, heat treatment and deep cold plastic deformation." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 17, no. 63 (December 21, 2022): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.63.24.
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High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) is a unique class of materials that combine particular properties in a large-scale of temperatures, able to guarantee new unexplored materials and alloys with several potentially engineering applications (i.e. space and aerospace industries). As promising structural materials, HEAs consist of five or more principal elements. As a consequence of the monophasic microstructure which usually characterizes HEAs, these alloys offer an excellent combination of strength, strain hardening ability, good plasticity, ductility and fracture toughness especially at cryogenic temperatures better than the existing conventional metals and alloys. For the above reasons, the present work deals with Classic Cantor alloy, a well-known CoCrFeMnNi HEA, where mechanical properties were improved using low cost casting techniques and a combination of different metallurgical methodologies (heat treatment, cold working and adding alloying elements). A promising alloy element, tungsten, was used in the experimentation where mechanical and microstructural characterization were performed using different techniques
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Ko, Jun Yeong, and Sun Ig Hong. "Effect of Carbon Addition on the Cast and Rolled Microstructures of FeCoCrNiMn High Entropy Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.16.
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In this study, the effect of carbon addition the cast and rolled microstructures of Cantor alloy type FeCoCrNiMn high entropy alloys. Both as-cast FeCoCrNiMn and FeCoCrNiMnC0.1 alloys have dendritic microstructure. Small particles, which may be associated carbon addition exist in the dendrite arms in FeCoCrNiMnC0.1 alloy. After homogenization treatment at 1327K for 24 hrs., dendritic structure was completely eliminated after annealing. Dendritic structure was converted to the structure with elongated grains, especially for carbon added FeCoCrNiMnC0.1. The development of elongated grains is associated with the direction of the primary arms in the dendritic structure. Carbides are segregated at the grain boundaries in FeCoCrNiMnC0.1 alloy. It also appears that growth of grains is impeded by the segregation of carbides. It is apparent that the grain boundary precipitates are Cr-rich. Both the strength and ductility of FeCoCrNiMnC0.1 increased over FeCoCrNiMn with the addition of 0.1 wt. % carbon. The increase of ductility in FeCoCrNiMnC0.1 may be caused by the rapid hardening in FeCoCrNiMnC0.1 due to dislocation-solute interaction.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cantor alloy"
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Sarvaria, Anushruti. "The differential role of regulatory B cells in cancer and allo-immunity." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/55298.
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A new wave of research recognizes a distinct subset of B regulatory cells (Breg) that maintain immune tolerance. Breg cells have been shown to exert immunoregulatory functions through the production of interleukin (IL)-10 and appear to play important roles in autoimmunity and in cancer. Despite the extensive body of evidence reinforcing the notion of B cells as potential regulatory cells, some controversy over the paucity of markers that can unequivocally identify Bregs still exists. To study the role of Breg in immune surveillance, I designed a comprehensive multi‐parameter panel of surface antibodies to define B-cell subsets in peripheral blood (PB) and cord blood (CB). The intracellular detection of IL-10 combined with flow cytometric phenotyping presented in my thesis demonstrate the presence of IL-10– producing Bregs with Treg-independent immunosuppressive functions in both the IgM memory (CD19+IgM+CD27+) and transitional (CD19+CD24hiCD38hi) PB B-cell subsets in healthy donors. The regulatory function PB Bregs against CD4+T cells and CD56+NK cells required both cell-cell contact and IL-10 production. Moreover, I demonstrate that Breg populations are expanded in the PB of AML patients and exert potent suppression of NK function mediated through 2B4-CD48 signaling. I further demonstrated the presence of IL-10- producing B cells with Treg-independent immunosuppressive properties in CB with the ability to suppress allogeneic-CD4+T cells through IL-10, as well as cell-cell contact mediated mechanisms involving CTLA-4 and CD80/CD86. I found an early and robust recovery of IL-10+B cells post-CBT. High Breg frequencies in CB may attenuate T-cell responses and contribute to the lower rates of cGVHD. My findings have important clinical implications and suggest that Bregs may be exploited to treat immune-mediated diseases. Whereas, strategies to deplete Bregs for optimal anti-cancer immunotherapy may benefit antitumor activity in AML and other cancers, adoptive transfer of donor-derived Bregs post transplant may offer a potentially effective immunomodulatory therapy for the treatment of GVHD.
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Lopes, Denise Adorno. "Caracterização microestrutural de ligas do sistema U-Nb-Zr, no canto rico em urânio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-28022011-153908/.
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Foi efetuada a caracterização microestrutural de 10 ligas dos sistemas urânio-nióbio (U-10Nb; U-15Nb; U-20Nb), urânio-zircônio (U- 10Zr; U-15Zr, U-20Zr) e urânio-nióbio-zircônio (U-2,5Nb-2,5Zr; U-5Nb- 5Zr; U-7,5Nb-7,5Zr; U-10Nb-10Zr), no canto rico em urânio. As ligas estudadas são candidatas ao uso como elementos combustíveis tipo placa, utilizados tanto em reatores nucleares de pesquisa como em reatores nucleares de potência. As ligas foram preparadas por fusão a plasma em forno com eletrodo não consumível de tungstênio. Após várias fusões, as amostras sofreram tratamento térmico de homogeneização a 1000ºC por 96 horas, com resfriamento em água. Em seguida, as amostras homogeneizadas foram recozidas a 700 e a 500ºC, com resfriamento em água. No total, foram estudadas 40 amostras de 10 ligas diferentes em 4 condições diferentes: bruto de fundição, homogeneizadas a 1000ºC e envelhecidas a 700 e a 500ºC. Foram utilizadas várias técnicas complementares de caracterização microestrutural: microscopia óptica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura com auxilio de microanálise por dispersão de energia de raios X, difração de raios X com auxílio do método de análise de Rietveld, e medidas de microdureza Vickers. Os resultados mostraram que os elementos de liga Nb e Zr estabilizam a fase alotrópica γ do urânio e atrasam a transformação de γ para β. Neste aspecto, o Nb é mais eficaz que o Zr. Além disto, podem ocorrer durante o resfriamento transformações martensíticas γ→α\', β→α′ e possivelmente γ→γ°. A temperatura de início de transformação martensítica (Ms) formadora da fase diminui com a adição dos elementos de liga estudados. Ms intercepta a temperatura ambiente entre as composições U-5Nb-5Zr e U-7,5Nb-7,5Zr. Foi verificado também que a reação peritetóide α + γ2→ δ do sistema U-Zr possui uma cinética lenta e não pode ser detectada nos tempos e temperaturas estudados. Em algumas ligas foi possível reter na temperatura ambiente ligas com microestrutura martensítica dúcteis, que permitem a conformação mecânica a frio, o que é de significativo interesse tecnológico.The microstructures of 10 uranium-rich alloys of the uraniumniobium (U-10Nb; U-15Nb; U-20Nb), uranium-zirconium (U-10Zr; U- 15Zr;U-20Zr) and uranium-niobium-zirconium (U-2.5Nb-2.5Zr; U-5Nb-5Zr; U-7.5Nb-7.5Zr; U-10Nb-10Zr)systems have been characterized. The studied alloys are considered for plate-type nuclear fuels fabrication used both in nuclear research reactors and in nuclear power reactors. The alloys were melted by arc plasma methods employing nonconsumable tungsten cathode. After several fusions, samples were subjected to homogenizing heat treatment at 1000ºC for 96 hours and then quenched in water. Then the samples were annealed at 700 and 500ºC. The microstructural characterization encompassed 40 samples of 10 different alloys composition in four different conditions: as cast, homogenized at 1000°C and aged at 700 and 500ºC. Microstructural characterization was performed using several complementary techniques: optical microscopy; scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; X-ray diffraction with the aid of the Rietveld analysis method; and Vickers microhardness measurements. The results showed that the Nb and Zr additions have stabilized the uranium γ-phase and delayed the γ and β phase transformation. In this regard, Nb was more effective than Zr. However, during cooling martensitic transformations γ→α\', β→α\' and possibly γ→γ° may occur. The martensitic transformation start temperature (Ms), which produces the phase , decreased with Nb and Zr additions. Ms intersected room temperature between the compositions U-5Nb-5Zr e U- 7,5Nb-7,5Zr. It was found that the peritectoid reaction α + γ2 → δ of the U-Zr system showed a very slow kinetics and could not be detected in the range of the studied times and temperatures. An important result of the technological point of view is that in some alloys it was possible to retain at room temperature a ductile martensitic microstructure, allowing cold forming.
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Van, der Walt Jacobus Gert. "Radiation field shaping through low temperature thermal-spray in radiotheraphy." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/116.
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Thesis (D. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2009Superficial cancerous lesions are commonly treated through low energy X-ray or electron radiation in radiotherapy. The treatment units that produce the radiation are equipped with square, rectangular and round applicators of different sizes. These applicators attach to the treatment units and define the radiation field size applied during treatment. An applicator is chosen to fit the shape of the cancerous lesion on the patient as closely as possible. Since cancerous lesions are irregular in shape, there will always be an area of healthy tissue between the edge of the lesion and the edge of the standard field shape. This healthy tissue will be irradiated along with the lesion during treatment which is undesirable since the cancer wound heals through reparative growth of the surrounding healthy tissue after treatment. Traditional techniques that were developed to shield this healthy tissue and thus shape the radiation field to the shape of the lesion present various shortcomings. This study introduces a new thermal-spray process for producing radiation field shaping shields which overcomes most of the shortcomings encountered with the traditional field shaping techniques. Since none of the commercially available thermal-spray equipment could be used to produce field shaping shields, new thermal-spray equipment was designed and fabricated tailor made to the application. Different techniques to determine the contours of the treatment area on the patient were investigated. These included a patient contact technique using a plaster bandage impression and a non-contact technique using 3D laser scanning. From the plaster bandage impression a plaster model can be produced onto which a high density low melt material such as Wood’ s alloy can be thermally sprayed to produce a field shaping mask. A model can also be produced from the 3D laser scanning data through laser sintering (LS) in nylon polyamide powder or through computer numerical controlled (CNC) milling in a block of low density polyurethane. The thermal-spray technique was evaluated by comparing the field shaping ability of radiation shields produced through the technique to the field shaping ability of shields produced through the traditional techniques. Radiographic film was used for this purpose and the results are presented in the form of isodensity charts. The required thicknesses of thermal-sprayed field shaping masks to shield radiation of various energies were also determined. The thicknesses were determined through radiation transmission measurements of known thicknesses of sprayed sheets of Wood’ s alloy. X-ray imaging showed that there were no defects present within thermal-sprayed layers of Wood’ s alloy that may negatively affect the shielding ability of masks produced through the technique.
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Basso, Hellem Cristine de Souza. "Avaliação da influência dosimétrica dos implantes dentários de titânio em VMAT de cabeça e pescoço." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1422.
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O câncer de cabeça e pescoço tem maior prevalência em homens, predominantemente de meia ou terceira idade, caracterizando um grupo de indivíduos com grande probabilidade em ter realizado implantes dentários ósseointegrados. A maior parte desses implantes é feito de titânio e a interação dos fótons de raios X com esse material de alto número atômico e elevada densidade eletrônica gera grande espalhamento de radiação e perturbação de dose nas suas interfaces, gerando incertezas dosimétricas nos tratamentos de radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a influência dosimétrica dos implantes dentários de titânio em VMAT de cabeça e pescoço. Para isso, foi realizada irradiação de um fantoma de água sólida com a presença de um implante dentário de titânio por campo direto e com a aplicação adaptada para VMAT dos testes CShape Easy e Head and Neck, propostos pelo TG 119. O planejamento desses casos foi realizado conforme critérios determinados pela AAPM, com o software Monaco 5.0, e a execução do tratamento em Acelerador Linear Synergy, da Elekta. As medidas foram realizadas com câmara de ionização Semiflex e eletrômetro UNIDOS PTW, filme radiocrômico GafChromic EBT3 com varredura no scanner Epson Expression XL e análise com o software VeriSoft 6.0. Os resultados da distribuição e perfis de dose encontrados na irradiação de campo direto comprovam que a presença de implante dentário de titânio causa perturbações de dose significativas. Em decorrência da presença do material, também foi aumentada a diferença entre dose calculada e medida, quando comparada à irradiação de fantoma homogêneo. Porém na dosimetria dos casos do TG 119 essa diferença foi irrelevante. A dose calculada pelo software e a medida com a câmara de ionização tiveram diferenças insignificantes, assim como a concordância do critério gamma para os casos com e sem a presença do implante dentário de titânio. Os resultados encontrados são satisfatórios e compatíveis com testes de outros autores em irradiações de fantomas homogêneos. O impacto da presença do implante dentário de titânio pode ser minimizado através do delineamento manual do objeto metálico e do artefato gerado por ele e através da atribuição de valores de densidade eletrônica corrigidos a eles, além de incluí-los como órgãos com restrição de dose na otimização do planejamento. A partir da aplicação dos testes CShape Easy e Head and Neck do TG 119 da AAPM, foi comprovado que seguindo as recomendações descritas, o sistema de planejamento Monaco 5.0 com é capaz de realizar cálculos de dose com elevado grau de exatidão para VMAT de cabeça e pescoço em pacientes com implante dentário de titânio.The head and neck cancer is more prevalent in men, predominantly middle or elderly age, featuring a group of individuals with high probability of having done osseointegrated dental implants. Most of these implants are made of titanium and the interaction of X-ray photons with this high atomic number material and high electron density generates scattering and disturbance on radiation dose in their interfaces, generating dosimetric uncertainties in the head and neck radiotherapy treatments. The aim of this study is to assess the dosimetric impact of dental implants of titanium in head and neck VMAT. For this, irradiation of phantom was performed in the presence of a titanium dental implant for direct field and with application of CShape Easy and Head and Neck tests proposed by the TG 119, adapted to VMAT. The planning of these cases was conducted according to criteria determined by the AAPM, with Monaco 5.0 software, and the treatment is in Linear Accelerator Synergy Elekta. The measurements were performed with Semiflex ionization chamber and electrometer US PTW, radiochromic film GafChromic EBT3 scanned with the Epson Expression XL scanner and analysis with the software VeriSoft 6.0. The results of the distribution and dose profiles found in direct irradiation field show that the presence of titanium dental implant causes significant dose disturbance. Due to the presence of the material was also increased the difference between the calculated and the measured dose when compared to irradiation of the homogeneous phantom. But in the dosimetry of TG 119 cases this difference was irrelevant. The dose calculated by the software and the measure with the ionization chamber had negligible differences, as well as the consent of the gamma criterion for cases with and without the presence of dental titanium implant. The results are satisfactory and consistent with other author’s tests in homogeneous phantoms. The impact of dental titanium implant presence can be minimized through the manual delimitation of the metal object and artifact generated and by assigning the electron density values corrected them, and include them as organs with dose constraints on optimization planning. From the testing CShape Easy and Head and Neck TG 119 of the AAPM, we have verified that following the recommendations described, the planning system Monaco 5.0 is capable of performing dose calculations with high degree of accuracy for head and neck VMAT in patients with titanium dental implant.
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CHANG, YUNG-HSIANG, and 張詠翔. "Cancer Theranostic Application of FeAu Alloy Nanoparticles Conjugated with MMP-1 Antibody." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3mv98p.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
化學工程與生物科技系化學工程碩士班
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In this study, iron-gold alloy nanoparticles (FeAu NPs) were synthesized by the pyrolysis method. The antibodies of the cancer biomarker protein matrix metalloproteinase-1 (antiMMP1) was modified on the surface of the FeAu NPs. Significantly, anti-MMP1-FeAu NPs were used for the diagnosis and hyperthermia treatment of cancer. The average particle size of FeAu NPs and anti-MMP1-FeAu NPs were 8.51±2.66 nm and 10.64±3.46 nm, respectively. TEM-EDS results showed that the gold and iron were in the molar ratio 1:1. Characterization using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) indicated that the nanoparticle showed no remanence, and it was superparamagnetic in nature under ±20000 Oe magnetic field at 300K. The saturation magnetization was 5.77 emu/g for FeAu NPs and 6.44 emu/g for antiMMP1-FeAu NPs. The investigations using Raman, FTIR and UV-Vis spectrometer confirmed that MMP-1 antibody was successfully modified on the surface of nanoparticles. The FeAu NPs with a concentration of 5 mg/mL showed a raise of temperature to 45℃ when exposed for 600 seconds under high-frequency induction heater machine (HF-IHM) with a frequency of 700 to 1100 KHz, which confirmed the suitability for magnetic hyperthermia therapy of cancer. The results of cytotoxicity test using mouse fibroblasts cell (L929) and human oral squamous carcinoma cells (HSC-3) showed that FeAu NPs and antiMMP1-FeAu NPs did not have significant cytotoxicity at a concentration less than 62.5 μg/mL. Cellular viability was 50% for L929 and 20% for HSC-3 at the concentration of 1 mg/mL. After magnetic heating treatment of oral squamous carcinoma cells with HF-IHM for the concentration of 100 μg/mL FeAu NPs and antiMMP1-FeAu NPs, it is known that the survival rate of cancer cells decreased with longer heating time. After 10 minutes magnetic heat treatment, the cellular survival rate was 30%, and the survival rate of antiMMP1-FeAu was only 18%. The results indicated that antiMMP1-FeAu NPs had better treatment efficiency than FeAu NPs. Observations by TEM showed that oral squamous carcinoma cells endocytosed certain amount of antiMMP1-FeAu NPs and FeAu NPs. The endocytosis of antiMMP1-FeAu was more obvious in oral squamous cancer cells, and intracellular uptake of antiMMP1-FeAu was higher than FeAu NPs through inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) investigation. In addition, the FeAu NPs would emit fluorescence using confocal microscope observation under 515 nm laser. Based on the above experimental results, antiMMP1-FeAu has a great potential for the application of cancer theranostic.
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Kluber, Heidi Ellen. "Cancer Alley and infant mortality : is there a correlation?" Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-12-4417.
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This report explores issues surrounding health concerns in the State of Louisiana in the context of environmental justice. It provides a history of Cancer Alley, an area along the Mississippi River with disproportionately high cancer rates. It discusses case studies of environmental justice issues within the state. The researcher provides a geographical analysis and statistical analysis to estimate whether there is a relationship between the presence of industrial plants and health indicators, specifically cancer and infant mortality. Using cancer and infant mortality as health indicators for a population, the evidence supports a correlation between the presence of industrial pollution and waste with cancer rates and infant mortality rates across the State of Louisiana. Given that these populations are predominantly minority and low-income, these results reflect an environmental injustice.text
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Hopkins, Deidre N. "Determination of the linear attenuation coefficients and buildup factors of MCP-96 alloy for use in tissue compensation and radiation protection." 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1604330.
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The linear attenuation coefficient and buildup factor are a few of the important characteristics that need to be studied and determined prior to using a material clinically in radiation treatment and protection. The linear attenuation coefficient and buildup factor, as well as several other properties, will be determined for MCP-96 alloy to assess its use in radiation therapy. A narrow collimated beam of γ-rays from sources with varying energies will pass through various thicknesses of MCP-96 alloy. The attenuation in the intensity of the beam will be determined for each varying thickness of the alloy. Plotting the thickness of the alloy versus the corresponding logarithmic intensity of the beam will allow calculation of the linear attenuation coefficient.
The narrow beam geometry will then be replaced by the broad beam geometry to determine the buildup factor. Additional radiation is obtained through the broad beam geometry as a result of scattering and secondary radiation. Comparing the broad beam geometry to the narrow beam geometry allows determination of the buildup factor. Since the buildup factor depends upon the thickness of the MCP-96 attenuator, the energy of the beam, and the source-to-attenuator (STA) distance, it will be calculated using three parameters. It will be calculated as a function of thickness of MCP-96 alloy by using various thicknesses of the alloy; as a function of the energy of the incident radiation beam by using several sources with different beam energies; and finally, as a function of the source-to-attenuator distance by changing the position of the MCP-96 attenuators.Department of Physics and Astronomy
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Bruxel, Laerson. "Democracia, Deliberação e Mídia na Esfera Pública Contemporânea: um Estudo sobre Experiênciasa Referendárias no Brasil e em Portugal." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/20165.
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Tese de doutoramento em Altos Estudos Contemporâneos, na especialidade de Ciência Política (História Política e Estudos Internacionais), apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de CoimbraA presente investigação analisa e compara material publicado por dois jornais, – Folha de São Paulo, do Brasil, e Público, de Portugal -, sobre referendos realizados nos dois países, respectivamente, em 2005 e 2007. O objetivo é verificar se nesse material há falas com argumentos que possam ser considerados úteis para contribuir com um processo deliberativo, na perspectiva da democracia defendida por Jürgen Habermas. Ancorado numa sugestão de Simone Chambers, o material jornalístico é classificado como retórica plebiscitária ou retórica deliberativa. A retórica plebiscitária se caracteriza pela presença de mais elementos que não contribuem para a realização de uma deliberação pública, enquanto a deliberativa contém significativa presença de subsídios considerados importantes para o desenvolvimento desse processo. O reforço de alguns elementos no material jornalístico, – e a investigação avalia e quantifica quais elementos a mídia privilegia -, pode fazer com que se aproxime ou se distancie daquilo que é qualificado como importante para um debate público numa perspectiva habermasiana. A decisão de acionar mais um ou outro elemento está entre as opções que a mídia faz. Ao optar, ela sai de uma zona de fronteira, com várias possibilidades em aberto, e realiza um processo de demarcação. E, ao demarcar, ela estabelece limites, seja para um ou para outro processo. Considerando que a mídia tem potenciais ambivalentes, a investigação assume este pressuposto: não é possível definir a priori o papel que a mídia desempenha em eventos específicos de deliberação pública, como no caso dos referendos, isto porque em seu material comparecem todos os elementos da retórica, tanto os tendentes a favorecer como aqueles que prejudicam um processo deliberativo. Mas dada sua lógica de produção e divulgação, ela revela alguns dos seus limites que a impedem de complexificar os temas da agenda pública. E a hipótese que se assume nesta tese é que as escolhas da mídia privilegiam mais os elementos da retórica que se coadunam com a lógica da evidência, que é refratária a um processo argumentativo. Por acionar em maior número os elementos que são limitadores de um processo argumentativo, é temerário apontar a mídia como fórum central para a deliberação pública. E, se o seu poder de abrangência pode ser tomado como potencialmente útil para a realização de processos deliberativos nas democracias contemporâneas, a simples disponibilidade desse dispositivo não permite chegar à conclusão açodada de que sua prática contribua efetivamente para o desenvolvimento do debate público. Pelo seu potencial, e por permitir que em seu interior também circule material identificado como uma retórica deliberativa, até pode-se ver na mídia um ator capacitado a realizar um papel complementar, mas não central, no processo mais amplo da deliberação pública. E, nessa linha de análise, não se pode descartar por completo a possibilidade de o material produzido pela mídia ser desencadeador de um processo deliberativo na sociedade ao ser apropriado ou reinterpretado de diferentes maneiras pelos diversos atores da esfera pública.
Books on the topic "Cantor alloy"
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Falchi, Gian Luigi. Introduzione allo studio delle fonti dell'utrumque ius. Città del Vaticano: Lateran University Press, 2006.
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Protecting New Jersey's environment: From cancer alley to the new Garden State. New Brunswick, N.J: Rivergate Books, 2011.
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Bellini, Piero. Del primato del dovere: Introduzione critica allo studio dell'ordinamento generale della Chiesa cristiana cattolica. Soveria Mannelli (Catanzaro): Rubbettino, 2004.
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US GOVERNMENT. An Act to Allow Postal Patrons to Contribute to Funding for Breast Cancer Research through the Voluntary Purchase of Certain Specially Issued United States Postage Stamps, and for Other Purposes. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.
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Falchi, Gian Luigi. Fragmenta iuris Romani canonici: Introduzione allo studio della recezione del diritto romano nelle fonti del diritto canonico altomedievale. Roma: Pontificia Università lateranense, 1998.
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Moseley, V. J. "Jon", Andreas Lampropoulos, Eftychia Apostolidi, and Christos Giarlelis. Characteristic Seismic Failures of Buildings. Edited by Stephanos E. Dritsos. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed016.
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<p>Earthquakes can cause considerable fatalities, injuries and financial loss. The forces of nature cannot be blamed, as the problem lies with the structures in seismic regions that may not have been designed or constructed to a sufficient degree to resist earthquake actions or they may have design flaws. This Structural Engineering Document (SED) concerns reinforced concrete and masonry buildings together with geotechnical aspects and presents in a concise and practical way the state of the art of current understanding of building failures due to earthquakes. It classifies the different types of seismic failure, explains the reasons for each failure, describes good practices to avoid such failures and also describes seismic retrofitting/upgrading procedures for pre-earthquake strengthening and post-earthquake repair and/or strengthening techniques for deficient buildings. Carefully selected photographs and diagrams illustrate the different failure types. This document could be considered as quite unique, as this is the first time such material concerning characteristic seismic failures of buildings has been presented together in one single document. It is intended to be a valuable educational reference textbook aimed at all levels of experience of engineers. It provides background information, ideas, guidance and reassurance to engineers in earthquake regions faced with the task of building a safer future for the public and to protect lives. <p> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/Oddi3VTtxCM" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
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Munday, Clare. Allo Cancer, Je T'écoute. Independently Published, 2018.
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Belton, Thomas. Protecting New Jersey's Environment: From Cancer Alley to the New Garden State. Rutgers University Press, 2010.
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Lavoué, Vincent, Patrick Legembre, Jean Levêque, Fabrice Foucher, Sébastien Henno, and Florian Cabillic. Ovarian Cancer Immunity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248208.003.0003.
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Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a significant cause of cancer-related mortality in women, and there has been no substantial decrease in the death rates due to EOC in the past three decades. Thus, basic knowledge regarding ovarian tumor cell biology is urgently needed to allow the development of innovative treatments for EOC. Traditionally, EOC has not been considered an immunogenic tumor, but there is evidence of an immune response to EOC in patients. Clinical data demonstrate that an anti-tumor immune response and immune evasion mechanisms are correlated with a better and lower survival, respectively, providing evidence for the immunoediting hypothesis in EOC. This chapter focuses on the immune response and immune suppression in EOC.
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Belton, Thomas. Protecting New Jersey's Environment: From Cancer Alley to the New Garden State. Rutgers University Press, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Cantor alloy"
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Dent, J., G. Vantrappen, and J. P. Isal. "Can Omeprazole allow healing of certain ulcerated esophagitis?" In Benign Lesions of the Esophagus and Cancer, 289–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73055-9_80.
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Cascinelli, N., and M. Santinami. "Excision of Primary Melanoma Should Allow Primary Closure of the Wound." In Recent Results in Cancer Research, 317–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78771-3_24.
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Cargill, G. "Doesn’t metoclopramide allow a significant decrease in antacid consumption?" In Benign Lesions of the Esophagus and Cancer, 263. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73055-9_70.
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Kharfan-Dabaja, Mohamed A. "The Infusion Center." In The Comprehensive Cancer Center, 35–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82052-7_5.
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AbstractAvailability of more effective supportive therapies coupled with emergence of novel antineoplastic agents has facilitated administration of cancer treatments outside the hospital setting. Cancer treatments typically require multiple visits. Accordingly, it can be exhausting for patients and their caregivers who are already under a lot of stress including physical, emotional and financial strain, among others. Infusion centers allow providers to help patients better manage and control their disease and associated symptoms by providing a continuity of care throughout their medical need, enhancing continuity of care and improving compliance. Here, we described the major components required for successful operation of a cancer infusion center. The ultimate goal is to offer a patient-centered experience that improves the overall quality of delivered care at a sustainable cost.
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Ollyo, J. B., M. Savary, Ph Monnier, J. Wellinger, J. J. Gonvers, and F. Levi. "Do the classifications of peptic stenosis allow a definition of the risk of degeneration?" In Benign Lesions of the Esophagus and Cancer, 610–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73055-9_159.
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Ke, Yuanyuan, Jing Li, and Yifu Wang. "Chemotaxis–Haptotaxis System." In Financial Mathematics and Fintech, 127–87. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3763-7_3.
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AbstractCancer invasion and metastasis are influenced by a plethora of biochemical processes and involve many biochemical mechanisms, among which chemotaxis and haptotaxis are two of the main mechanisms directing the migration of cancer cells Chaplain and Lolas (2005). Evidence has been found that cancer cells release complex enzymes such as the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), which degrade the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), and thereby allow the migration of cells following the concentration gradient of such diffusive enzymes. This process is referred to as chemotaxis Chaplain and Lolas (2006).
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Schemmel, Matthias, and William G. Boltz. "Lexical Appendix." In Theoretical Knowledge in the Mohist Canon, 175–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08797-4_4.
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AbstractThe chapter presents text, translation and commentary for the 12 sections that constitute a ‘lexical appendix’ to the definitions of the Mohist Canon. The Canon of each typically gives one or more glosses for the entry word, the Explanations usually provide contexts and specific examples for the glosses that show what the intended inter-connections are and allow us to see how the semantic scope of the entry word might be conceived.
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Camelo, Felipe, and Anne Le. "The Intricate Metabolism of Pancreatic Cancers." In The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism, 77–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_5.
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AbstractCurrently, approximately 95% of pancreatic cancers are pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), which are the most aggressive form and the fourth leading cause of cancer death with extremely poor prognosis [1]. Poor prognosis is primarily attributed to the late diagnosis of the disease when patients are no longer candidates for surgical resection [2]. Cancer cells are dependent on the oncogenes that allow them to proliferate limitlessly. Thus, targeting the expression of known oncogenes in pancreatic cancer has been shown to lead to more effective treatment [3]. This chapter discusses the complexity of metabolic features in pancreatic cancers. In order to comprehend the heterogeneous nature of cancer metabolism fully, we need to take into account the close relationship between cancer metabolism and genetics. Gene expression varies tremendously, not only among different types of cancers but also within the same type of cancer among different patients. Cancer metabolism heterogeneity is often prompted and perpetuated not only by mutations in oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes but also by the innate diversity of the tumor microenvironment. Much effort has been focused on elucidating the genetic alterations that correlate with disease progression and treatment response [4, 5]. However, the precise mechanisms by which tumor metabolism contributes to cancer growth, survival, mobility, and aggressiveness represent a functional readout of tumor progression (Fig. 1).
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Smits, Daan, and Antoine A. Khalil. "Multimodal Techniques to Study Tumor Growth, Basement Membrane Breaching, and Invasion in 3D Matrices." In Cell Migration in Three Dimensions, 281–303. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_17.
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AbstractCancer-derived organoids and three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM) are taking center stage as in vitro models to study neoplastic cell behavior, since they recapitulate the heterogeneous cellular composition of tumors and their extracellular environment. In combination with imaging and molecular/biochemical techniques, 3D organoid models have contributed substantially to our knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the growth of tumors and invasion into the surrounding tissue. We here outline a set of protocols that describe culturing of cancer-derived organoids in 3D matrices and various strategies that allow modeling of tumor growth, tumor cell penetration into basement membranes, and invasion into Collagen I-rich ECM. Furthermore, we specify protocols for subsequent handling of organoids cultured in 3D ECM for confocal microscopy and analysis of gene expression at the protein and mRNA level. Although we here use breast cancer-derived organoids, these protocols can be directly applied or adapted for organoids derived from other cancer types or healthy tissues. Thus, in addition to investigating cell behavior of multiple cancer types, the combination of protocols described here may be used to study processes such as cell differentiation and migration during homeostasis and normal development.
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Ruiz, Blanca Iciar Indave. "Improving the WHO Classification of Tumours by an Evidence-Based Approach: A New Online/Blended Learning Training Program." In Improving Oncology Worldwide, 43–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96053-7_6.
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AbstractThe WHO Classification of Tumours (WCT) is a series of authoritative and concise reference books for the histological and molecular classification of tumors that underpins treatment and care of cancer patients, as well as research into cancer epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, and is essential for cancer diagnosis worldwide. This classification relies traditionally on consensus of pathological expert opinions as basis for cancer classification, but the understanding of cancer at a molecular level advances in prognosis, and other related fields have moved the WCT to find ways of translating diagnostic research into evidence synthesis that can effectively inform decisions relevant to the classification. Systematic reviews represent the top of the hierarchy of scientific evidence and allow to summarize evidence from many publications to inform decisions. This evidence-based approach is the cornerstone of evidence-based medicine and well established in many medical specialties. However, uptake of these principles within pathology has been slow, and such high-quality reviews of available evidence are not easily available for authors contributing to the WCT. In an effort to overcome reluctance in the field to adopt these methods, a collaborative project between the Advanced Oncology program of the University of Ulm in Germany, the Cochrane Netherlands, the Universidad de Campinas in Brazil, and the WCT has been started. This project called Evi-Pat (Evidence-Based Pathology Training Initiative) aims to develop and evaluate an online training for oncologists and pathologists to train them in the application of evidence-based practice to pathology and related specialties, thereby addressing and overcoming challenges in this, and to pathology, novel approach. Scientific and didactic evaluation of such an effective training tool for online-educated pathologists and oncologists will improve the evidence base in pathology and hence provide a solid foundation for diagnostic and prognostic decision-making. We believe that an evidence-based approach to informing key decisions that feed into tumor classification will allow the WCT editorial board to mitigate the potential inclusion of biased decisions into the classification and also benefit authors by providing structured, transparent, and reliable methods for the synthesis of available evidence for each tumor type, as the same time training to apply these methodologies.
Conference papers on the topic "Cantor alloy"
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Gromov, V. E., S. V. Konovalov, Yu A. Rubannikova, and A. P. Semin. "Ways of increasing mechanical properties of cantor high entropy alloy." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “PHYSICAL MESOMECHANICS. MATERIALS WITH MULTILEVEL HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE AND INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY”. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0084580.
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Li, Xuejie, Peng Zhou, Hao Feng, Huabing Li, and Kevin Ogle. "Influence of nitrogen addition and dissolved oxygen on the passivation of cantor high entropy alloy in sulfuric acid." In 1st Corrosion and Materials Degradation Web Conference. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmdwc2021-09893.
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Farias, Mathew, Han Hu, Shanshan Zhang, Jianzhi Li, and Ben Xu. "Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Diffusion in the Melt Pool in Laser Additive Alloying Process of Co-Ni-Cr-Mn-Fe High Entropy Alloy." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72075.
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Abstract High entropy alloys (HEAs) can be manufactured in many conventional ways, but it becomes difficult of fabricating heterogeneous materials and structures. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) method generally melts pure elemental powders or prefabricated alloy powders without alloying process. In-situ alloying in SLM, which is also called Laser Additive Alloying (LAA), using pure elemental powders becomes a promising method for creating HEA with heterogeneous structures. However, the effect of the diffusion of elements in the molten pool on the formation of HEA remains unclear. In this paper, the well-discussed Cantor HEA was studied in an in-situ alloying situation, where pure elemental powders (Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe) distributed on a powder bed were irradiated by laser and were subsequently allowed to cool back to room temperature. The diffusion of specific elements, with respect to their original clusters, was tracked via Mean Square Displacement (MSD) as well as the final composition of key locations. Our model was verified by showing a good agreement with the overall average diffusion rates of each element in the Cantor HEA qualitatively in other works from literature. Results initially showed that as the energy density increases, better diffusion was observed through a pixel overlay analysis about the mixing of different elements. The best-case scenario of diffusion from the pixel overlay map indicated a strong presence of 3 to 4 elements after the laser scanning. Given the conditions in the MD simulation, there was no apparent segregation of elements during the alloying process. In addition, we also conducted a simulation by implementing a 0.03 nm/ps laser scanning in a meander 2-track scan in order to completely melt the powder bed. After cooling and equilibration, Polyhedral Template Analysis was applied to analyze the crystal structure of the solidified powder bed in the presence of increasing components. When the powders of Cantor HEA were alloyed using LAA approach, all elements experienced a complex diffusion behavior, elements like Cr also experienced a relatively rapid diffusion compared to other elements. Despite this, Cr only diffused for a short period and diffused minimally during the in-situ alloying process. The analysis of element-specific behavior, such as diffusion, can provide a framework for the LAA production of HEA. This MD study provides a detailed analysis about the effect of diffusion on the formation of HEA system if in-situ alloying is adopted, the findings of this study can be used to guide the material design and the appropriate parameters for manufacturing process of new HEAs. This study can also be extended to analyze the effect of diffusion on the thermomechanical properties of HEAs.
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Wahl, Jacqueline B., and Ken Harris. "New Single Crystal Superalloys, CMSX®-8 and CMSX®-7." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25155.
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Single crystal (SX) superalloys have wide application in the high pressure turbine section of aero and industrial gas turbine engines due to the unique combination of properties and performance. Since introduction of single crystal casting technology, SX alloy development has focused on increased temperature capability, and major improvements in alloy performance have been associated with the introduction of new alloying elements, including rhenium (Re) and ruthenium (Ru). 3% Re-containing second generation alloys, such as CMSX-4®, PWA 1484 and Rene’ N5 have seen the greatest market utilization and have become the benchmark alloys for comparing new alloy developments. However, Re and Ru are rare elements with limited production/availability and corresponding high costs. This has resulted in significant escalation of SX alloy costs, and consequently, there has been much interest in the development of improved SX superalloys with lower Re or no Re content compared to second generation alloys. Cannon-Muskegon® has developed two new SX superalloys: 1.5% Re CMSX®−8 alloy and CMSX®−7 alloy, which contains no Re, as alternatives to first and second generation alloys for applications which require slightly less ultra high temperature capability compared to CMSX-4 alloy or the improved CMSX-4(SLS) alloy. This paper provides an overview of development and characterization of these SX alloys and alloy modifications, CMSX-8 (SLS) and CMSX-8[B/C](SLS).
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Wahl, Jacqueline B., and Ken Harris. "CM 939 Weldable® Alloy Update." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27239.
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Cannon-Muskegon has developed a proprietary chemistry modified version of IN 939 designated CM 939 Weldable®. As presented in 2004, emphasis was placed on optimizing aim chemistry, utilizing Cannon-Muskegon ultra high purity manufacture technology, and obtaining superior casting microstructure for improved weldability and mechanical properties. This paper will review the unique properties that make this alloy desirable, with particular attention to production experience and ongoing developments. Significant market interest has resulted in extensive vacuum casting experience throughout the gas turbine industry. In the 2–3 years since introduction, CM 939 Weldable alloy has accumulated substantial engine performance experience in industrial gas turbine vane applications. New application programs, including vane rings and turbine containment ring components, advances in weldability using CM 939 Weldable filler wire and special application alloy modifications (DT1 & DT2) will also be presented.
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Baptista, Pedro V., Gonçalo Doria, and João Conde. "Alloy metal nanoparticles for multicolor cancer diagnostics." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Wolfgang J. Parak, Kenji Yamamoto, and Marek Osinski. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.879025.
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Hashidate, Ryuta, Shoichi Kato, Takashi Onizawa, Takashi Wakai, and Naoto Kasahara. "Proposal of Simulation Material Test Technique for Clarifying the Structure Failure Mechanisms Under Excessive Seismic Loads." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-61866.
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Abstract This paper proposes simulation material test technique using 99% lead - 1% antimony alloy instead of actual structural material. It is very essential to clarify the structure failure mechanisms under excessive seismic loads. However, structural tests using actual structural materials are very difficult and expensive. Therefore, the authors have proposed the structure test approach using lead alloys in order to simulate the structure failure mechanisms under the excessive seismic loads. Because the strength of such alloys is much inferior to that of the actual structural materials, failure phenomena can be observed by much small load. For demonstration of qualitative analogy between the failure mechanisms of the structures made of lead alloys under small loads and those of the actual structural materials under the actual loads, numerical analyses are required. In this study, the authors conducted material tests using lead alloy and verified the effectiveness of the simulated material tests. Moreover, the authors formulated inelastic constitutive equations (best fit fatigue curve equation and cyclic stress range – strain range relationship equation) of lead alloy based on the results of a series of material tests. Nonlinear numerical analyses, e.g. finite element analyses, can be performed using the proposed equations. A series of simulation material test technique enables structural tests and analyses using lead alloy to simulate the structure failure phenomena under excessive seismic loads. It is important to note that while mechanical behavior can be simulated by structural tests using such alloys, metallurgical evolutions cannot be simulated.
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Wu, Ziying, Hongzhao Liu, Lilan Liu, Daning Yuan, and Zhongming Zhang. "Computing of Nonlinear Damping Using the Moving Autoregressive Model Method." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58146.
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Strictly speaking, internal damping of alloy materials is a function of temperature, frequency, strain and strain time rate and so on. Most of the previous papers with regard to damping computing only give a volumetric average when the alloy material is subjected to alternative stress. They cannot accurately describe the natural characteristic of damping. In this paper, the moving autoregressive model method (MARM) is presented to research the relationship between loss factor, strain and frequency of the alloys (Al-33Zn-6Si and Zn-27Al-1Cu). The experimental results show that the loss factor of alloy increases with the increasing strain, and increases with the increasing frequency in low-frequency region (below 400Hz). The damping appears strong nonlinear behavior. The three-dimension graph of the loss factor versus strain and frequency provides useful information for the optimum design of machine parts made from damping alloy.
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Harris, Ken, and Jacqueline B. Wahl. "CM 939 Weldable® Alloy." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53966.
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IN 939 alloy, developed by the International Nickel Co. in the late 1960s, is a unique 22% Cr hot corrosion resistant γ′ strengthened, cast nickel-base superalloy. It is widely used in industrial gas turbines for equiaxed vanes, vane segments and burner nozzles and is of interest to the aero turbine industry for LP and PT integral nozzles (vane rings) and high temperature turbine casings. However, IN 939 is considered difficult to weld repair without parent metal microcracking and can exhibit marginal ductility in heavy section castings. Cannon-Muskegon has developed a proprietary chemistry modified version of IN 939 alloy designated CM 939 Weldable®. Emphasis has been directed on optimizing aim chemistry and ultra high purity manufacture using CM-developed single crystal superalloy melting and raw material technology and subsequently on obtaining superior casting microstructure for improved weldability and mechanical properties. Alloy purity and heat cleanliness will be discussed, along with a simplified two-step heat treatment cycle, resulting in attractive microstructure, mechanical properties and repair weldability. Significant market interest has resulted in extensive vacuum casting experience throughout the gas turbine industry. Excellent results in terms of fluidity, casting cleanliness and minimal microporosity have been obtained without any hot tearing or hot cracking problems.
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Srivastava, S. Krishna, Michael J. Newburn, John P. Cotner, and Mark A. Richeson. "Long-Term Oxidation Behavior of Selected High Temperature Alloys." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-28269.
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Long-term oxidation behavior of alloys cannot be estimated reliably by extrapolation of short-term results; therefore long-term testing is imperative. Such data often are not available. Oxidation testing for a period of 360 days has been conducted for several high temperature alloys extensively used in the gas turbine industry. The alloys tested comprised of HASTELLOY® X alloy, HAYNES® 230®, HR-120®, and 214™ alloys, the first three being chromia forming and the last one being an alumina forming alloy. The specimens were exposed to flowing air at 1800°F(982°C), 2000°F(1093°C), 2100°F(1149°C) and 2200°F(1204°C). The tests were interrupted and the specimens were weighed every 30 days. At the completion of each test, the samples were examined metallographically to determine the internal attack. The magnitude of oxidation attack was studied in terms of the weight change and total metal affected. The paper will report the results of the long-term oxidation testing and the analysis of the corrosion attack with the optical and scanning electron micrographs. HASTELLOY, HAYNES, 230 and HR-120 are registered trademarks and 214 is a trademark of Haynes International, Inc.
Reports on the topic "Cantor alloy"
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Gray, J. H. The Characterization and Dissolution of Scrub Alloy Buttons in F-Canyon. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/775076.
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PIERCE, RA. Dissolution of Plutonium Scrub Alloy and Anode Heel Materials in H-Canyon. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/823029.
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Berkowitz, Jacob F., Christine M. VanZomeren, Jaybus J. Price, and Anthony M. Priestas. Incorporating Color Change Propensity into Dredged Material Management to Increase Beneficial Use Opportunities. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39261.
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Dredged materials provide a number of beneficial use opportunities, including beach nourishment, habitat creation and restoration, and other activities. In situ sediment color is important for determining aesthetic and habitat suitability, for beach nourishment, and for other projects. However, dredged materials must meet locally established color compatibility requirements (for example, material cannot be too dark). Often, potential sediment sources are close to meeting specified color thresholds, and previous observations suggest that sediments lighten over time. In response to these observations, this study quantified sediment color change potential in a dredged m aterial management context. Results indicate that dredged material sediment color responded to changes in secondary color components, sediment mixing, and photolytic bleaching improving the sediment color for beneficial use application. Findings allowed for development of a conceptual color change capacity framework and supported development of tools for resource managers to incorporate color change dynamic into planning and operations activities.The following report provides a framework for determining the color change capacity of dredged materials using (1) a comprehensive laboratory approach and (2) a semiquantitative index based on source material and placement location conditions. These tools allow practitioners to incorporate dredged-material color change into resource management decisions, thus increasing beneficial use opportunities.
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Borchmann, Daniel, Felix Distel, and Francesco Kriegel. Axiomatization of General Concept Inclusions from Finite Interpretations. Technische Universität Dresden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.219.
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Description logic knowledge bases can be used to represent knowledge about a particular domain in a formal and unambiguous manner. Their practical relevance has been shown in many research areas, especially in biology and the semantic web. However, the tasks of constructing knowledge bases itself, often performed by human experts, is difficult, time-consuming and expensive. In particular the synthesis of terminological knowledge is a challenge every expert has to face. Because human experts cannot be omitted completely from the construction of knowledge bases, it would therefore be desirable to at least get some support from machines during this process. To this end, we shall investigate in this work an approach which shall allow us to extract terminological knowledge in the form of general concept inclusions from factual data, where the data is given in the form of vertex and edge labeled graphs. As such graphs appear naturally within the scope of the Semantic Web in the form of sets of RDF triples, the presented approach opens up the possibility to extract terminological knowledge from the Linked Open Data Cloud. We shall also present first experimental results showing that our approach has the potential to be useful for practical applications.
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Bates, C. Richards, Melanie Chocholek, Clive Fox, John Howe, and Neil Jones. Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System (SIFIDS): Work package (3) final report development of a novel, automated mechanism for the collection of scallop stock data. Edited by Mark James and Hannah Ladd-Jones. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23449.
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[Extract from Executive Summary] This project, aimed at the development of a novel, automated mechanism for the collection of scallop stock data was a sub-part of the Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data Systems (SIFIDS) project. The project reviewed the state-of-the-art remote sensing (geophysical and camera-based) technologies available from industry and compared these to inexpensive, off-the -shelf equipment. Sea trials were conducted on scallop dredge sites and also hand-dived scallop sites. Data was analysed manually, and tests conducted with automated processing methods. It was concluded that geophysical acoustic technologies cannot presently detect individual scallop but the remote sensing technologies can be used for broad scale habitat mapping of scallop harvest areas. Further, the techniques allow for monitoring these areas in terms of scallop dredging impact. Camera (video and still) imagery is effective for scallop count and provide data that compares favourably with diver-based ground truth information for recording scallop density. Deployment of cameras is possible through inexpensive drop-down camera frames which it is recommended be deployed on a wide area basis for further trials. In addition, implementation of a ‘citizen science’ approach to wide area recording is suggested to increase the stock assessment across the widest possible variety of seafloor types around Scotland. Armed with such data a full, statistical analysis could be completed and data used with automated processing routines for future long-term monitoring of stock.
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Kapelyushnyi, Anatolyi. TRANSFORMATION OF WORD-FORMS DURING THEIR SPONTANEOUS CREATION IN LIVE TELEVISION BROADCASTIN: ADJECTIVES ADVERBS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11409.
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The article analyzes transformation of word-forms during spontaneous creation in live television broadcasting. Particular attention is paid to adjectives adverbs. The specific properties of adverbs makes it easier to trace general trends in their transformations, because adverbs are not burdened with many different forms and their variations, that occur in the process of word change of some other class of words at the same time adverbiatives allow to analyze in more detail the semantical and grammatical structure of speech. The main method we use is to observe the speech of live TV journalist, we used during the study methods of comparative analysis of comparison of theoretical positions from the work of individual linguists and journalists. Our objective is to trace these transformations and develop a certain attitude towards them in our researches of the language of the media and practicing journalists to support positive trends in the development of the broadcasting on TV and give recommendations for overcoming certain negative trends. All studies of the problems of transformation of grammatical forms in different ways relate to translation studies, mostly investigate the grammatical transformations, that the translator resorted to, when reproducing the original by means of another language. At first glance, it would be logical, if the live speech of television journalists was dominated by transformations? Associated with the translation from internal to foreign broadcasting in cases where natural for this TV journalists is Russian-speaking internal broadcasting and he reproducing the text from internal Russian-speaking. The transformation of grammatical forms however this cannot be seen in the live use of adverbiatives. An interesting trend can also be seen in the transformation of different types of grammatical forms. In particular, negative interference is mostly characteristic of the forms of corporate adverbs. Forms of the same word with the same grammatical meaning is such overlapping of two forms of the same grammatical meaning is practically impossible outside of adjectives adverbial and adjectives themselves. Only a small number of transformations are associated with the forms of superlatives.
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Manulis, Shulamit, Christine D. Smart, Isaac Barash, Guido Sessa, and Harvey C. Hoch. Molecular Interactions of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis with Tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697113.bard.
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Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), the causal agent of bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, is the most destructive bacterial disease of tomato causing substantial economic losses in Israel, the U.S.A. and worldwide. The molecular strategies that allow Cmm, a Gram-positive bacterium, to develop a successful infection in tomato plants are largely unknown. The goal of the project was to elucidate the molecular interactions between Cmmand tomato. The first objective was to analyze gene expression profiles of susceptible tomato plants infected with pathogenic and endophytic Cmmstrains. Microarray analysis identified 122 genes that were differentially expressed during early stages of infection. Cmm activated typical basal defense responses in the host including induction of defense-related genes, production of scavenging of free oxygen radicals, enhanced protein turnover and hormone synthesis. Proteomic investigation of the Cmm-tomato interaction was performed with Multi-Dimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) and mass spectroscopy. A wide range of enzymes secreted by Cmm382, including cell-wall degrading enzymes and a large group of serine proteases from different families were identified in the xylem sap of infected tomato. Based on proteomic results, the expression pattern of selected bacterial virulence genes and plant defense genes were examined by qRT-PCR. Expression of the plasmid-borne cellulase (celA), serine protease (pat-1) and serine proteases residing on the chp/tomA pathogenicity island (chpCandppaA), were significantly induced within 96 hr after inoculation. Transcription of chromosomal genes involved in cell wall degradation (i.e., pelA1, celB, xysA and xysB) was also induced in early infection stages. The second objective was to identify by VIGS technology host genes affecting Cmm multiplication and appearance of disease symptoms in plant. VIGS screening showed that out of 160 tomato genes, which could be involved in defense-related signaling, suppression of 14 genes led to increase host susceptibility. Noteworthy are the genes Snakin-2 (inhibitor of Cmm growth) and extensin-like protein (ELP) involved in cell wall fortification. To further test the significance of Snakin -2 and ELP in resistance towards Cmm, transgenic tomato plants over-expressing the two genes were generated. These plants showed partial resistance to Cmm resulting in a significant delay of the wilt symptoms and reduction in size of canker lesion compared to control. Furthermore, colonization of the transgenic plants was significantly lower. The third objective was to assess the involvement of ethylene (ET), jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) in Cmm infection. Microarray and proteomic studies showed the induction of enzymes involved in ET and JA biosynthesis. Cmm promoted ET production 8 days after inoculation and SIACO, a key enzyme of ET biosynthesis, was upregulated. Inoculation of the tomato mutants Never ripe (Nr) impaired in ET perception and transgenic plants with reduced ET synthesis significantly delayed wilt symptoms as compared to the wild-type plants. The retarded wilting in Nr plants was shown to be a specific effect of ET insensitivity and was not due to altered expression of defense related genes, reduced bacterial population or decrease in ethylene biosynthesis . In contrast, infection of various tomato mutants impaired in JA biosynthesis (e.g., def1, acx1) and JA insensitive mutant (jai1) yielded unequivocal results. The fourth objective was to determine the role of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Cmm in xylem colonization and symptoms development. A significance increase (2 to 7 fold) in expression of cellulases (CelA, CelB), pectate lyases (PelA1, PelA2), polygalacturonase and xylanases (XylA, XylB) was detected by qRT-PCR and by proteomic analysis of the xylem sap. However, with the exception of CelA, whose inactivation led to reduced wilt symptoms, inactivation of any of the other cell wall degrading enzymes did not lead to reduced virulence. Results achieved emphasized the complexity involved in Cmm-tomato interactions. Nevertheless they provide the basis for additional research which will unravel the mechanism of Cmm pathogenicity and formulating disease control measures.
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Manulis-Sasson, Shulamit, Christine D. Smart, Isaac Barash, Laura Chalupowicz, Guido Sessa, and Thomas J. Burr. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis-tomato interactions: expression and function of virulence factors, plant defense responses and pathogen movement. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594405.bard.
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Clavibactermichiganensissubsp. michiganensis(Cmm), the causal agent of bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, is the most destructive bacterial disease of tomato causing substantial economic losses in Israel, the U.S.A. and worldwide. The goal of the project was to unravel the molecular strategies that allow Cmm, a Gram-positive bacterium, to develop a successful infection in tomato. The genome of Cmm contains numerous genes encoding for extracellular serine proteases and cell wall degrading enzymes. The first objective was to elucidate the role of secreted serine proteases in Cmm virulence. Mutants of nine genes encoding serine proteases of 3 different families were tested for their ability to induce wilting, when tomato stems were puncture-inoculated, as compared to blisters formation on leaves, when plants were spray-inoculated. All the mutants showed reduction in wilting and blister formation as compared to the wild type. The chpCmutant displayed the highest reduction, implicating its major role in symptom development. Five mutants of cell wall degrading enzymes and additional genes (i.e. perforin and sortase) caused wilting but were impaired in their ability to form blisters on leaves. These results suggest that Cmm differentially expressed virulence genes according to the site of penetration. Furthermore, we isolated and characterized two Cmmtranscriptional activators, Vatr1 and Vatr2 that regulate the expression of virulence factors, membrane and secreted proteins. The second objective was to determine the effect of bacterial virulence genes on movement of Cmm in tomato plants and identify the routes by which the pathogen contaminates seeds. Using a GFP-labeledCmm we could demonstrate that Cmm extensively colonizes the lumen of xylem vessels and preferentially attaches to spiral secondary wall thickening of the protoxylem and formed biofilm-like structures composed of large bacterial aggregates. Our findings suggest that virulence factors located on the chp/tomAPAI or the plasmids are required for effective movement of the pathogen in tomato and for the formation of cellular aggregates. We constructed a transposon plasmid that can be stably integrated into Cmm chromosome and express GFP, in order to follow movement to the seeds. Field strains from New York that were stably transformed with this construct, could not only access seeds systemically through the xylem, but also externally through tomato fruit lesions, which harbored high intra-and intercellular populations. Active movement and expansion of bacteria into the fruit mesocarp and nearby xylem vessels followed, once the fruit began to ripen. These results highlight the ability of Cmm to invade tomato fruit and seed through multiple entry routes. The third objective was to assess correlation between disease severity and expression levels of Cmm virulence genes and tomato defense genes. The effect of plant age on expression of tomato defense related proteins during Cmm infection was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Five genes out of eleven showed high induction at early stages of infection of plants with 19/20 leaves compared to young plants bearing 7/8 leaves. Previous results showed that Cmm virulence genes were expressed at early stages of infection in young plants compared to older plants. Results of this study suggest that Cmm virulence genes may suppress expression of tomato defense-related genes in young plants allowing effective disease development. The possibility that chpCis involved in suppression of tomato defense genes is currently under investigation by measuring the transcript level of several PR proteins, detected previously in our proteomics study. The fourth objective was to define genome location and stability of virulence genes in Cmm strains. New York isolates were compared to Israeli, Serbian, and NCPPB382 strains. The plasmid profiles of New York isolates were diverse and differed from both Israeli and Serbian strains. PCR analysis indicated that the presence of putative pathogenicity genes varied between isolates and highlighted the ephemeral nature of pathogenicity genes in field populations of Cmm. Results of this project significantly contributed to the understanding of Cmm virulence, its movement within tomato xylem or externally into the seeds, the role of serine proteases in disease development and initiated research on global regulation of Cmm virulence. These results form a basis for developing new strategies to combat wilt and canker disease of tomato.
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DeVivo, Joseph C. Inventories 2.0: A plan for the next generation of NPS natural resource inventories. National Park Service, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2266646.
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This Inventory 2.0 plan identifies IMD’s planned role in each of the ten inventories, and lays out a framework for ensuring the inventories led by IMD result in scientifically credible information for parks resource management, planning, and operations; and also identifies the means by which studies to collect new inventory data will be identified, prioritized, and implemented. Highlights include: IMD plans to lead three of the ten inventories (Species, Vegetation Community Mapping, and Surficial Geology/Soils Mapping), and contribute to the others in partnership with other programs. For the three IMD-led inventories, IMD will develop (or work with the Geologic Resources Division to develop) peer-reviewed inventory science plans that will lay out inventory objectives; and methods for data management, analysis, and integration to ensure that credible and useful inventory data are provided to parks in a timely manner. IMD will phase in implementation of IMD-led inventories during the first five years of program implementation. This will allow IMD to focus near-term efforts on meeting needs identified by the greatest number of parks (Species) while conducting necessary scoping to further refine needs for Vegetation Community Mapping and Surficial Geology/Soils Mapping inventories. During the next two years, IMD inventory efforts will be focused on implementing the Species Inventory, beginning with foundational work in advance of field data collection efforts to be funded in 2020. Additional scoping to identify suitable methods and minimum product specifications for Vegetation Community and Surficial Geology/Soils Mapping will be conducted in 2019-2020. These two new inventories will be phased in based on findings from scoping and progress toward closing out existing (1.0) inventory efforts. All I&M parks will be eligible for IMD funding to support inventories (see Appendix A). Non-I&M parks established before 2000 may be eligible for studies and activities to collect new inventory data pending approval of the project by the IMD Leadership Team. Inventories 2.0 funding cannot be spent to collect new data in parks established in 2000 or later, that are not currently served by an I&M network. Existing data from other sources may still be synthesized and delivered to these parks, however. Inventories 2.0 funding will not be used to fund programs or initiatives already funded or implemented by other programs or agencies. We will endeavor to partner with these entities when possible and appropriate to meet inventory needs identified in this plan, and to ensure IMD-created inventory (and monitoring) data are available to support other programs. Data and other information products resulting from new IMD-funded inventory studies will be managed by IMD rather than third-party repositories. This does not preclude sharing data with third parties or use of third-party tools or data distribution systems. At a minimum IMD commits to make inventory data available to others via the NPS Data Store (https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/) as well as data and/or map services. To the extent possible, IMD management of inventory data will use the data management infrastructure used for managing monitoring data. This includes a commitment to leverage data, tools, systems, and expertise where it already exists. Because of IMD’s explicit mandate to integrate I&M data with planning, wherever practicable, IMD commits to work with NPS Planning to ensure map and data services are integrated into NPS Atlas projects for each park or other planning tools as they are developed over time.
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Investigation on Design and Analysis of Passenger Car Body Crash-Worthiness in Frontal Impact Using Radioss. SAE International, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-28-0498.
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Increasing advancement in automotive technologies ensures that many more lightweight metals become added to the automotive components for the purpose of light weighting and passenger safety. The accidents are unexpected incidents most drivers cannot be avoided that trouble situation. Crash studies are among the most essential methods for enhancing automobile safety features. Crash simulations are attempting to replicate the circumstances of the initial crash. Frontal crashes are responsible for occupant injuries and fatalities 42% of accidents occur on frontal crash. This paper aims at studying the frontal collision of a passenger car frame for frontal crashes based on numerical simulation of a 35 MPH. The structure has been designed to replicate a frontal collision into some kind of inflexible shield at a speed of 15.6 m/s (56 km/h). The vehicle’s exterior body is designed by CATIA V5 R20 along with two material properties to our design. The existing Aluminum alloy 6061 series is compared with carbon fiber IM8 material. The simulation is being carried out by us in the “Radioss” available in “Hyper mesh 17.0” software. The energy conservation and momentum energy absorption are carried out from this dynamic structural analysis.