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1
Farmer, Jennifer R. "Queering canterbury." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1079.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
English Literature
2
Burrell, Teresa Kathleen. "Trophic State in Canterbury Waterways." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6236.
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Aquatic eutrophication is a serious global problem, associated with phytoplankton blooms, hypoxia, and loss of species. The objective of this thesis was to advance understanding of stream and lake eutrophication within Canterbury (South Island, New Zealand). I investigated three key questions: 1) How do riparian characteristics control stream trophic state, 2) how does stream trophic state in the Canterbury region compare to stream trophic state nationally and internationally, and 3) what factors control trophic state in Te Wairewa/Lake Forsyth. I measured rates of stream community metabolism in 21 Canterbury streams over a gradient of riparian canopy cover, and conducted a literature review of national and international studies of stream metabolism. I also examined the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in Te Wairewa in relation to water quality and weather from 17 years of measurements, and performed series of nutrient addition assays on the lake to assess nutrient limitation. I found that riparian characteristics strongly controlled stream trophic state by shading, thereby reducing photosynthetic productivity. This overwhelmed the effects of high nitrate concentrations, which increased primary production. Compared to national and international rates of stream metabolism, Canterbury streams were strongly heterotrophic, with low rates of autotrophic production. Catchment streams draining into Te Wairewa were unlikely to be the main source of nutrients supporting large cyanobacterial blooms. Instead, internal lake nutrient loading mechanisms associated with calm weather were likely to supply blooms. My results emphasize the importance of light limitation, nitrogen and heterotrophy in controlling stream trophic state, and nutrient supply and weather in controlling lake trophic state.
3
Bigley, Michael Erik. "Musicality, subjectivity, and the Canterbury tales." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05312007-110614.
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Lummis, Geraldine Erika. "Ukiyo-e and the Canterbury Museum." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Humanities, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5808.
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The text investigates the history of the Canterbury Museum’s collection of Japanese ukiyo-e prints and paintings focusing mainly on four major contributors: Sir Joseph Kinsey (1852-1936), Frances May Bailey (c.1891-1967), Greggory Kane (1921-1978) and Ronald J Scarlett (1911-2002). The images are set in the context of the ‘floating world’ (ukiyo). The introduction examines the early directors of the Museum and how their interests and policies influenced the collections. The method of grading the prints and the process by which the data base was formed are explained.
Chapter One examines the way New Zealand was influenced by a growing interest in Japan during the early twentieth century, the effects of Japanese activity in the Pacific and the way the collectors responded. It also looks at the local cultural context in which the collectors acquired and exhibited their works. Exhibitions of Japanese and Chinese art occurred in 1935 and 1952 in Christchurch; such events widened the knowledge and aesthetic appreciation of Asian art.
Chapter Two considers the subjects, scope, and range of ukiyo-e art and the artists represented in the Museum’s collection. It looks at the condition of the images, how they were made, the formats used, and whether they were printed from original or recut blocks. Japanese Government censorship and works of particular interest are discussed. Comparisons are made with the Dunedin Public Art Gallery’s and Auckland Art Gallery’s collections. Works by major artists including Hiroshige (1797-1858), Hokusai (1760-1849), Eizan (1787-1867), Eishi (1756-1829), Chikanobu (1838-1912), Toyokuni I (1769-1825), Kunisada (1786-1864) and Kuniyoshi (1798-1861) are evaluated. By reconstructing the collections of Japanese art in the Museum, the chapter reveals the collectors’ diverse interests and individual preferences. The research presented in this discussion stems from an extensive study of the 427 images in the collection and is supported by an illustrated database of all the Museum’s ukiyo-e works.
5
Ganze, Alison. "Seeking Trouthe in Chaucer's Canterbury tales /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3153784.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 176-194). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
6
Ekenberg, Tomas. "Falling freely : Anselm of Canterbury on the will /." Uppsala : Department of Philosophy, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5895.
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Wright, G. R. "The petty bourgeoisie in colonial Canterbury : a study of the Canterbury Working Man's Political Protection and Mutual Improvement Association (1865-66), and the Canterbury Freehold Land Society (1866-70)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of History, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4308.
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This thesis argues for the existence of a distinct petty bourgeois socio-economic
class, with particular liberal values, in colonial Christchurch. It approaches this through an
examination of two related mid-Victorian Christchurch institutions, the Canterbury Working
Man's Association and the Canterbury Freehold Land Society, and of the wider activities of
their members. The first chapter looks at the issue of class definition and identity, and
perceptions of the social topography of the mid-Victorian period. The four chapters that
follow relate the characteristics of the British petty bourgeoisie to the colonial environment,
and in so doing, distinguish a colonial petty bourgeoisie that is broadly similar, but with
some significant variation. These differences centre on the ideology of liberalism, and its
idealistic precept, 'independence', The independence oriented colonial environment produced
a petty bourgeois who were assertively liberal. This shows in a heightened expectation of
government intervention in employment and land distribution, and serves to highlight
differences between the political liberalism of the petty bourgeois and that of the governing
bourgeois. The individualistic and idealistic notion of a colonial independence also meant that
the petty bourgeoisie pursued a different course of self-improvement than did their British
counterparts. Some self-help institutions important in Britain were insignificant in colonial
Christchurch. The acquisition of land became particularly pivotal, though a disjunction
between rhetoric and practice shows that this may have had a different meaning for the petty
bourgeois than it did for other classes of colonist.
8
Feeney, Warren, and n/a. "The Canterbury Society of Arts 1880-1996 : conformity and dissension revisited." University of Otago. Department of History, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090226.135746.
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Established in 1880 the Canterbury Society of Arts (CSA) dominated the arts in Canterbury for nearly a century and was the most significant art society in New Zealand. This thesis examines the CSA�s history from 1880 to its change in trading name to the Centre of Contemporary Art (COCA) in 1996 when the Society sought to redefine its role. Chapter One considers its origins, comprising a discussion of the period from 1850 to 1880 in which it was founded as part of an educational complex that reflected Edward Gibbon Wakefield�s ideal for the systematic settlement of Canterbury. A discussion of the Society�s permanent collection from 1881 to 1932 in the following chapter draws attention to how the CSA was guided by its founding ambitions to promote the development of New Zealand art and accompanying responsibilities for art education. Chapter Three considers the premises and art galleries utilised by the Society from 1881 to 1932, revealing that its objectives to advance the arts remained visionary and often demanding. In Chapter Four the period between the Depression and the end of the Second World War is examined and economic and aesthetic challenges, evident in the Society�s limited capacity to purchase works for its collection, alongside the emergence of new art organisations such as the Group are discussed. This is followed by a consideration of the post-war period from the perspective of the CSA�s remarkable secretary from 1943 to 1959, William Sykes Baverstock. His response to an emerging modern movement provides a context to examine significant changes in the arts which initially posed a challenge to the CSA. Consideration of the 1960s to mid-1970s in Chapter Six reveals the vital role played by the CSA in supporting the development of contemporary New Zealand art and includes discussion of significant events and exhibitions such as the Hay�s Art Prize and the expansion of the Society�s programme to include international shows and solo exhibitions of contemporary sculpture, craft, design, and painting. It argues that these activities represented the CSA�s most ambitious and successful period in its history, symbolised by its new modernist-styled gallery which opened at 66 Gloucester Street in 1968. An examination of the late 1970s to mid-1980s in Chapter Seven demonstrates that the CSA continued to maintain its influence as a centre for contemporary arts practice. However, the demands of a greater arts professionalism championed by the Queen Elizabeth II Arts Council and accompanied by a growth in dealer galleries, meant that the CSA also became subjected to criticism and this despite its continuing capacity to expose large audiences to new and challenging arts practices. The close and long-standing relationship between the CSA and the Canterbury College School of Art is considered in Chapter Eight and the way in which this contributed to the Society�s cultural supremacy is acknowledged. The deaccession of 42 important historical works from the CSA�s permanent collection in 1995 discussed in Chapter Nine reveals the extent to which its stature had substantially changed by the 1990s. Its essentially nineteenth-century infrastructure was ultimately inappropriate for addressing new levels of arts professionalism. Chapter Ten concludes that the CSA was a visionary, and sometimes radical, arts organisation that deserves to be more carefully and generously considered. Indeed, its long history reveals a vital arts and educational institution that has made an essential but hitherto hugely underrated contribution to New Zealand�s cultural development.
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Meis, Teresa J. "Waterfowl management in North Canterbury, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Zoology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6899.
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The basic goal of this thesis is to contribute to the knowledge of aspects of the waterfowl resource in North Canterbury, New Zealand for the purpose of improving its management. Every year in North Canterbury, seven species of waterfowl are subjected to a recreational and cultural hunt. In order to actively manage their populations to achieve a balance between differing user groups (e.g. hunters, birdwatchers, farmers), two things must be known:
1. The hunter's preferences and impacts.
2. Ecology of the target species.
To address the first issue, a questionnaire was sent to area hunters (Section 1). It was designed to be a general questionnaire, covering most issues concerned with gamebird hunting in North Canterbury and providing information on where hunting pressure is most concentrated, in terms of species and areas hunted. Its analysis gives a great deal of insight into the attitudes, idiosyncracies, and motivations of the North Canterbury hunter. In addition to the questionnaire, an analysis of the hunter diary scheme from the New Zealand Wildlife Service was done in order to examine the effect of bag limits and season lengths on the numbers of birds harvested (Section 2).
Sound management practices cannot be initiated based on human surveys only; ecological studies of the targeted species are also needed. In a study of this type it would be impossible, and highly foolish, to attempt an ecological study of all concerned target species. Therefore, one species (Black Swan, Cygnus atratus) was pinpointed as the study species.
The black swan was chosen because it is the only gamebird in North Canterbury whose status has changed from gamebird to protected species and then returned to gamebird. It is the subject of much controversy in regard to damage of the lake weed beds and to depredation on farmers' grazing lands during times of food shortage. The swan population in North Canterbury has suffered severe population fluctuations and has had no recent productivity studies done on it. An intense productivity study was carried out and the implications of its findings related to the findings from the previous analyses for the purpose of future black swan management (Section 3).
10
Hendricks, Thomas J. "Astrology in the Canterbury Tales Vol. I." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487327695621486.
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Hayward, Shirley. "Periphyton growth in the Waipara River, North Canterbury." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Environmental Science, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1315.
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Periphyton was monitored monthly at four sites on the Waipara River from July 1999 to January 2002. Interactions with river flows, nutrients and invertebrates were examined to determine how these factors controlled periphyton development. Comparison of the Waipara River to other New Zealand streams indicated that periphyton biomass at the uppermost site (Site 1) was generally low to moderate. Further downstream, moderate to high biomass occurred at sites 2 and 4. Biomass at Site 3 was generally low, although some very high values occurred on occasions. Periphyton biomass at sites 2 and 4 exceeded periphyton guidelines for the protection of aesthetic/recreational values at least once during each full year monitored. In contrast, the guidelines were rarely exceeded at Site 1. Dissolved inorganic nutrients were generally poor indicators of the nutrient status of the river because of plant uptake. Cellular N and P values indicated nutrient enrichment at sites 2 and 4, which correspondingly had the highest biomass values. Conductivity tended to positively correlate with temporal and spatial patterns in periphyton biomass and was useful as a surrogate indicator of nutrient supply regimes. It correlated negatively with river flows, indicating higher nutrient concentrations may occur during reduced flows. Notable differences occurred in biomass development between periods of contrasting flow regimes. In particular, annual mean and maximum biomass at the three downstream sites was considerably higher during a period of low stable flows compared to a period of higher base flows. However, at the uppermost site, differences in biomass between these periods were much less pronounced. Invertebrate densities increased significantly with increasing periphyton biomass at the three downstream sites. There was little indication that invertebrates had any major control on periphyton biomass at these sites. However, at the uppermost site, although the invertebrate densities were generally much lower than at the other sites, they are more likely to have a controlling influence on periphyton biomass. Overall, the nutrient supply regime of the Waipara River is the primary controller on biomass development. Flow regimes (both frequency of disturbance and extent of low flows) operate as secondary controls of biomass.
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Little, Richard James. "Stability of the Ashley River mouth, North Canterbury." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geological Sciences, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2927.
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During the Holocene, the position of the Ashley River mouth has varied between 8km south and 6.5km north of Waikuku. Northward migration of the river mouth is a recurring process indicated by two major phases of migration since European settlement: 1900-1923 (when the river mouth reached its northern limit); and 1979-1991. The pre-1923 migration phase was terminated by a major flood event of the Ashley River. Historical mouth migration rates exceed 200m per year. Survey results for the past 12 months indicate that the mouth migrated 150.6m. It is apparent that the rate of migration is lower than the mean rate for the past decade, perhaps indicating a slowing of river mouth migration. The principal cause of river mouth migration is erosion of the north bank caused by tidal current velocities in excess of 1.0ms·1. River mouth position does not significantly influence flood levels during major flood events of the Ashley River. A more important threat to Waikuku is erosion of the south bank near the township, as occurred in 1954. Passive management is the preferred strategy for the Ashley River-Saltwater Creek estuary and the lower reaches of the Ashley River system, but close monitoring of rainfall data, river flow data and the position of the Ashley River mouth should be continued.
13
O'Brien, Leanne. "The conservation ecology of Canterbury mudfish (Neochanna burrowsius)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3464.
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The Canterbury mudfish (Neochanna burrowsius; Galaxiidae) is a small, acutely threatened freshwater fish endemic to South Island, New Zealand, which has traits related to its historic occurrence in the wetlands of the Canterbury Plains. These wetlands have been largely transformed into productive agricultural land, with consequent fragmentation and local extinction of N burrowsius populations. N. burrowsius now persists primarily in agricultural waterways across these increasingly drought-prone plains. I examined aspects of N. burrowsius habitat, inter-specific interactions, and reproduction of importance for their conservation. Field studies focused on four sites identified as important remnant N. burrowsius habitats. These were distributed across the latitudinal range of N. burrowsius and encompassed different hydrological and agricultural disturbance regimes, and fish communities. Distributions of N. burrowsius within each site were patchy. Furthermore, the location of N. burrowsius aggregations within sites was temporally variable, and was influenced by changes in habitat quality and the presence of predatory fish. Predatory fish also affected N. burrowsius activity and abundance. At sites with intermittent flow that regularly dried up, successful strategies of drought survival were dependent on the size of N. burrowsius. Comparisons between populations indicated differences in size structure, individual growth, recruitment, deformities, disease, and parasitic infection. Experimental investigations highlighted the behavioural and physiological plasticity of N. burrowsius' responses to competition, environmental conditions during spawning, and the ability of embryos to tolerate hypoxia that likely aid survival in wetland habitats. Macrophytes were also revealed to be a key element in N. burrowsius habitat, with particular macrophyte species associated with different N. burrowsius life stages, and providing spawning substrate critical to the survival of eggs. This research indicates that hydrological disturbance and the presence of predatory fish likely had a greater effect on population characteristics than the presence of competitors, geographical location, and direct agricultural disturbance. Thus, recognising these factors will be critical in the conservation of N. burrowsius.
14
Kurtz, Heidi. "Stress, etymology and metre in four Canterbury Tales." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605566.
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This thesis investigates the prosody of Middle English and how the rhythmic structures of the language are manifested in metrical verse. I examine how tension is created through the matching or mis-matching of lexical stress with the expected metrical template and test an analysis proposed here to empirically measure different degrees of tension in verse. The analysis is applied to four selected tales from the Hengwrt manuscript of Chaucer's Canterburry Tales, as well as to selections of verse with known metrical structures from later periods of English in order to corroborate the analysis results with a series of control samples. The aim is to examine the metrical structure of Chaucer's verse in relation to how sequences Of lexically stressed syllables, syllable sequences based on the stress patterns in polysyllabic words, tit between the metrical boundaries of line beginnings and line ends. I ask if there is a correlation between the best-fit of lexical stress sequences and what has been established about the poem's metrical structure without violating that structure. It is this degree of correlation that gives a measure of metrical tension. The methodology developed for this analysis involves identifying the etymological origin and, in turn, the lexical stress pattern of each word in the text, then substituting the resulting lexis with either etymological or stress markers. This allows both the lexical stress and etymological patterns to be mapped throughout the text. After the words in the texts were substituted with their corresponding markers, a sub-corpus of purely Germanic lines, in which lexical stress is marc stable in late Middle English, is identified and analysed for comparison alongside the complete texts. 10 addition to the lexical stress test, a test is carried out on the lines after the stress substitution, confirming the degree to which they had a predominantly iambic rhythm. The results from the etymological analysis are striking. The etymological analysis shows that the placement of Latinate words is greatest at line-final and pre-caesural positions, and that that there are correlative concentrations of Germanic vocabulary at line-initial and post-caesural positions. The mirroring of Latinate and Germanic concentrations of vocabulary at caesural positions gives additional evidence to support the metrical role of caesura I marks within the Hengwrt manuscript, despite the fact that the marks were added by a later hand. The results of the analysis provide clear evidence for the existence of caesura in verse. The results of the stress analysis arc more problematic. On closer examination, the methodology for identifying label ling mismatches across the lines suffered from a lack of specificity. The analysis showed a slight preference for s-initial stress feet which could be used to indicate a degree of tension or counterpoint in verse. The results arc made more meaningful by associating specific mismatches with specific positions in the lines. In light of this, several suggestions were made on how the analysis could be improved and used to identify bracketing mismatches across the lines. The modified analysis will allow us to objectively quantify the tensions that arise between the interaction of trochaic and iambic lexical patterns and the metrical template of a given text. The approach developed in this thesis, j believe, brings us closer to answering the question to what degree has a poet developed metrical tension in his or her verse, and how has that tension been manifested while at the same time fulfilling metrical expectations.
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Wright-Stow, Aslan E. "Biomonitoring, and the macroinvertebrate faunas of Canterbury streams." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Zoology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4825.
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A wide-ranging macroinvertebrate and physico-chemical survey of 230 3rd and 4th
order streams throughout the Canterbury region was conducted between
November 1999 and March 2000. Kick-net sampling, spot water sampling and
habitat surveys were used. Invertebrate community composition appeared to be
influenced by two overriding factors; the physical condition of the stream, and the
amount of anthropogenic development within the catchment. Faunas dominated
by Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera and with some Plecoptera present tended to
occur in pristine high altitude streams with low conductivity, well vegetated riparian
zones, heterogeneous streambed substrates and periphyton consisting primarily of
diatom biofilms. Faunas dominated by Crustacea, Oligochaeta and Chironomidae
occurred commonly at degraded lowland sites with high conductivity, little or no
riparian vegetation, more homogeneous fine substrates and periphyton dominated
by thick mats and filaments. Between these two extremes, gradual change in
faunas was found, with Trichoptera dominating intermediately disturbed sites. A
striking decrease in the relative abundance of Ephemeroptera along an ecological
gradient appeared to be associated with increasing intensity of landuse.
A comparative investigation of three biotic indices widely used in New Zealand for
assessing stream health, indicated that the MCI, OMCI and SOMCI may not
assess the health of all sites, consistently. The inconsistencies were probably
brought about by two factors. Firstly, presence-absence data used in calculating
the MCI may not detect subtle differences in community structure, whereas the
quantitative data used by the OMCI and SOMCI may pick up small differences and
therefore group sites into different degradation bands. Secondly, published
degradation bands for the MCI, OMCI and SOMCI do not appear to be directly
comparable in Canterbury. The utility of a quantitative MCI with low-level (order,
class, phylum) identification was also investigated, and found to be a potentially
viable alternative to the MCI and its derivatives when a low-cost, rapid assessment
technique is needed, but expertise in identification is lacking.
The health of streams in the Canterbury region as assessed by the MCI, was
investigated. The MCI indicated that streams were generally more healthy if they were further inland, at higher altitudes, and were in forested or unmodified
catchments. Stream health was poorest in lowland sites with pastoral and
urban/city developed catchments, although 42 pastoral sites with MCI values> 100
and taxonomic richness >25 indicated that healthy streams were attainable in
agriculturally developed land.
Finally, a multimetric approach for assessing the health of Banks Peninsula
streams using macroinvertebrates was developed. Five biological metrics (OMCI,
% EPT, % Chironomidae, % Mollusca, No. Ephemeroptera) that best
discriminated selected reference sites from sites impaired by habitat disturbance
and organic pollution were combined into an index of biological integrity; the Banks
Peninsula Macroinvertebrate Index (BPMI). Strong relationships between the
BPMI and MCI and OMCI suggested that the extra effort required to produce a
multimetric index did not result in improved assessment of stream condition.
However, a multimetric index can provide additional information on the source of
degradation to a stream and indicate where restoration or mitigation should be
focussed.
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Evans, Stewart Thomas. "Paleoseismic analysis of the Springfield Fault, Central Canterbury." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8990.
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The Springfield Fault is a northeast striking thrust fault bisecting the Russell Range at the northern end of the Malvern Hills near Springfield. The trace of the fault is best expressed by offset river terraces, as it cuts across the flood plane of the Hawkins River in the Upper Hawkins Basin. The Russell Range is composed chiefly of the basement Triassic rocks of the Torlesse terrane with Cretaceous to Cenozoic rocks occurring in a fault bounded slice and around the hinge of the hanging wall anticline of the fault. Quaternary glacial sediments occur on the plains adjacent to the Russell Range with Holocene deposits occurring in the Upper Hawkins Basin.
Folding in the highly sheared basement is along NW-SE trending fold axes. The current direction of principal shortening was determined from slickenside data to be NW-SE to NE-SW.
Geomorphology of the area in the Upper Hawkins Basin provided a chronology of the activity on the Springfield Fault. Offset of terrace surfaces provide evidence for the number of fault ruptures, which is at least two.
An attempt to date the age of fault and river terrace scarps was made using their morphology and a diffusion model of scarp degradation. Analysis requires the diffusivity rate operating on a scarp to be known to produce an absolute age for the scarp. Only one of the scarps analyzed, a river terrace scarp produced a result. This was poorly constrained at 1000-7500 years old.
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O'Hara, Diana. "Sixteenth-century courtship in the diocese of Canterbury." Thesis, University of Kent, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282467.
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Durkin, Graham Anthony. "The civic government and economy of Elizabethan Canterbury." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246573.
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Yankoviak, Michael Robert. "Chaucer and Social Discontent in the Canterbury Tales." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391765600.
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Hurand, Bérengère. "La philosophie du langage chez Anselme de Canterbury." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR2006.
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L'Oeuvre d'Anselme de Canterbury (1033-1109) révèle une conception particulière du langage, qui renouvelle la notion augustinienne du verbe et réfléchit sur les conditions d'une intégration des disciplines du langage en théologie. L'intelligence de la foi exige en effet une conscience claire de ce qu'avance le discours qui l'exprime, et rend nécessaire une attitude métalinguistique sur ce qui est dit de Dieu, sachant que le support discursif de la foi ne saurait l'atteindre autrement qu'improprement. L'entreprise d'observation du langage, qui fait le fond des analyses théologiques, a pour but de chercher l'intention signifiante dont le discours est le signe, et ainsi de circonscrire le concept de Dieu que fait naître la foi. La présente étude met au jour les données implicites de cette conception du langage : le statut qu'elle lui accorde au sein de l'ordre ontologique, la fonction et les capacités qu'elle lui suppose, et les modalités de signification qu'elle tire de l'analyse de son usage habituelAnselm of Canterbury's work (1033-1109) shows a special conception of language, which renews the Augustinian notion of "verbum" and reflects upon the conditions of the integration of liberal arts in theology. The understanding of faith indeed requires to be clearly aware of what is expressed upon it, and renders necessary a metalinguistic standpoint on what is said about God, knowing that the discursive support of faith cannot reach it but improperly. Observation of language, which is the background of theological analyses, aims at searching the signifying intention whose discourse is the sign, and at thus defining the concept of God generated by faith. Our study is intended to indicate the ideas underlying this conception of language : the status which this conception gives to the language within the ontological order, its function, its capacities, and the modalities of signification it draws from the analysis of its use
21
Heath, Diane Elizabeth. "The bestiary in Canterbury monastic culture, 1093-1360." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54872/.
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This thesis presents a new way of thinking about medieval bestiaries. It adopts a locational lens to examine the context and monastic re-fashionings of the medieval Latin prose bestiary in Canterbury from 1093-1360. It has examined the catalogue and codicological evidence concerning the monks’ patronage, ownership, reading and interpretation of these books. It has sought to discover how the bestiary articulated the Canterbury monks’ affective and self-reflective thought modes and interacted with their other beast literature and animal art. This thesis forms a significant contribution to knowledge on the monastic perception and reception of the bestiary by reshaping our understanding through two original approaches. Firstly, it widens the definition of bestiaries to match medieval viewpoints and therefore includes extant copies and catalogue records of extracts and collations as well as whole and fragmentary bestiary books and contemporary Canterbury Cathedral Priory decorative inhabited and zoomorphic initials. Secondly, it pays close attention to the place, space, and context of the bestiary in terms of associated texts, Benedictine spiritual exegesis, and how, where, when, and why it was studied and for what purposes. This attention has led, among other findings, to the redating of the earliest Latin prose bestiary from England to the time of St Anselm’s archiepiscopate and confirmed M.R. James’s view that it was a Canterbury production. This new timeframe has allowed an analysis of the bestiary as part of the Anselmian cultural and intellectual revival and permitted the link between the bestiary and Benedictine preaching to the laity to be examined. It finds strong political reasons for the advancement of the bestiary by Canterbury monks in the twelfth century and for their continued study of the bestiary in the thirteenth century and into the fourteenth century. This thesis provides a methodogical approach regarding how Canterbury monks read their bestiaries and associated texts that is applicable to historians studying such materials elsewhere, thereby enhancing our understanding of Benedictine monastic culture.
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Staunton, Michael W. J. "Politics and sanctity in the lives of Anselm and Thomas Becket." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272802.
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Caudel, Mark Edward. "Julius Haast : towards a new appreciation of his life and work : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History in the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/954.
Full textAbstract:
Little is known about Julius Haast's life prior to his arrival in New Zealand in 1858 at the age of 36. Without knowing something about his background, it is difficult to explain his life in New Zealand. This work pursues a historical context that can more fully explain Haast's remarkably active career in New Zealand. The geological survey of the Canterbury Province, the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury and the Canterbury Museum represent Haast's major contributions to science and culture in New Zealand. Julius Haast carefully engineered his own transition from geologist to museum director within the social and political climate of Canterbury in order to remain in Christchurch where he raised his family. Heinrich von Haast's book about his father has been the accepted source of information about his father since its publication in 1948. Until recently, scholars have failed to explore beyond the scope of von Haast's biography. There is now a trend toward recognising Julius Haast as having made significant contributions to many aspects of science and society.
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Gelin, Marie-Pierre. "Lumen ad revelationem gentium : iconographie et liturgie à Christ Church, Canterbury, 1175-1220." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT5004.
Full textAbstract:
La fin du XIIè et le début du XIIIè siècle constituèrent une période charnière pour le monastère de Christ Church, Canterbury, en particulier. La mise en place d'un programme iconographique complexe et unifié pour les vitraux du chœur de la cathédrale après l'incendie de 1174 fut accompagnée d'une réorganisation de la liturgie à la suite de la canonisation rapide de Thomas Becket, assassiné en 1170, et du succès croissant du pèlerinage sur sa tombe. Cette étude compare l'iconographie des vitraux typologiques et hagiographiques du chœur de Christ Church, Canterbury, avec les textes liturgiques en provenance de cette église, et montre que ces deux modes d'expression furent mis à contribution par la communauté monastique pour créer et exprimer une identité propre enracinée dans le passé de la cathédrale, qui valorisait les rôles religieux et politique de Canterbury dans le contexte de redéfinition des rapports entre pouvoirs spirituel et temporel qui marque la périodeThe end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth century marked a major turning point in the history of the monastery of Christ Church, Canterbury. The destruction of the choir of Christ Church by fire in 1174 was seized by the community as an opportunity to create a complex and unified iconographic programme in the windows of the rebuilt church. At the same time, the rapid canonisation of Thomas Becket after his murder in 1170 and the growing success of the Canterbury pilgrimage triggered a reorganization of the liturgy of the cathedral. This study compares the iconography of the typological and hagiographical windows of the choir of the cathedral with the liturgical texts, revealing that these two media were used by the monastic community to create and broadcast a corporate identity rooted in the cathedral past, and wich enhanced the religious and political roles played by Canterbury in the context of the redefinition of the relations between Church and King
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Watkins, Nigel G. "Ecological correlates of bird damage in a Canterbury vineyard." Lincoln University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/508.
Full textAbstract:
Birds are a major pest in vineyards both in New Zealand and overseas. There is a need for new behavioural research on birds' foraging habits and feeding preferences in vineyards, as much of the literature to date is anecdotal. Research on cues to birds' feeding will provide a basis on which new deterrent and control strategies can be devised. Spatial-and temporal bird damage in a small vineyard block was mapped to find if damage was correlated with grape maturity and environmental factors. Vineyard and field observations of bird behaviour using video technology combined with preference experiments aimed to establish the relative roles of grape sugar concentration and colour in avian selection. Proximity of vineyards to bird roosts affects damage levels, regardless of differing maturity between locations. The rate of damage tends to increase exponentially once grape maturity has passed a threshold of 13 °Brix. Bunches positioned closest to the ground receive more damage if blackbirds or song thrushes are the predominant pests. Both sugar concentration and grape colour were found to affect birds' feeding preference, but the importance of the two factors varied between years. Black and green grape varieties were differentially preferred by blackbirds (Turdus merula) and song thrushes (Turdus philomelos) while silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis) appeared to have no strong colour preference. It was apparent that there were other, not assessed, grape factors that also affect selection. In small unprotected vineyards that are adjacent to bird roosts the entire grape crop can be taken by bird pests. Besides removing the roosts, which can be beneficial shelterbelts in regions exposed to high winds, growers currently may have no alternative other than to use exclusion netting to keep crops intact. The differential preferences between bird species for variety characteristics suggest that any new deterrents and other strategies to deflect birds from grape crops may need to be species-specific.
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Tonmukayakul, Nop. "Water use efficiency of six dryland pastures in Canterbury." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1498.
Full textAbstract:
The annual and seasonal water use efficiency of six pasture combinations were calculated from the ‘MaxClover’ Grazing Experiment at Lincoln University. Pastures have been established for six years and are grazed by best management practices for each combination. Measurements for this study are from individual plots of four replicates of ryegrass (RG)/white clover (Wc), cocksfoot (CF)/Wc; CF/balansa (Bal) clover; CF/Caucasian (Cc) clover; CF/subterranean (Sub) clover or lucerne. Water extraction measurements showed soils for all dryland pastures had a similar plant available water content of 280±19.8 mm. Dry matter measurements of yield, botanical composition and herbage quality were assessed from 1 July 2008 until 30 June 2009. Lucerne had the highest annual yield of 14260 kg DM/ha/y followed by the CF/Sub at 9390 kg DM/ha/y and the other grass based pastures at ≤ 6900 kg DM/ha/y. All pastures used about 670±24.4 mm/y of water for growth. Lucerne had the highest annual water use efficiency (WUE) of 21 kg DM/ha/mm/y of water used (total yield/total WU). The WUE of CF/Sub was the second highest at 15 kg DM/ha/mm/y, and the lowest was CF/Wc at 9 kg DM/ha/mm/y. The CF/Sub pastures had the highest total legume content of all grass based pastures at 21% and as a consequence had the highest annual nitrogen yield of 190 kg N/ha. This was lower than the monoculture of lucerne (470 kg N/ha). Ryegrass/white clover had the highest total weed component in all pastures of 61%. For dryland farmers spring is vital for animal production when soil temperatures are rising and moisture levels are high. The water use efficiency at this time is important to maximize pasture production. In spring lucerne produced 8730 kg DM/ha, which was the highest dry matter yield of all pastures. The CF/Sub produced the second highest yield of 6100 kg/DM/ha. When calculated against thermal time, CF/Sub grew 5.9 kg DM/ºCd compared with lucerne at 4.9 kg DM/ºCd. The higher DM yield from lucerne was from an extra 400 ºCd of growth. The highest seasonal WUE of all pastures occurred in the spring growing period. Linear regressions forced through the origin, showed lucerne (1/7/08-4/12/08) had a WUE of 30 kg DM/ha/mm (R2=0.98). Of the grass based pastures, CF/Sub produced 18 kg DM/ha/mm (R2=0.98) from 1/7 to 10/11/08 from 270 mm of water used. The lowest spring WUE was 13.5 kg DM/ha/mm by CF/Bal pastures which was comparable to the 14.3±1.42 kg DM/ha/mm WUE of CF/Wc, CF/Cc and RG/Wc pastures. During the spring, CF/Sub clover had the highest spring legume component of the grass based pastures at 42% and produced 120 kg N/ha. This was lower than the 288 kg N/ha from the monoculture of lucerne. Sub clover was the most successful clover which persisted with the cocksfoot. Based on the results from this study dryland farmers should be encouraged to maximize the potential of lucerne on farm, use cocksfoot as the main grass species for persistence, rather than perennial ryegrass, and use subterranean clover as the main legume species in cocksfoot based pastures. By increasing the proportion of legume grown the water use efficiency of a pasture can be improved. When pastures are nitrogen deficient the use of inorganic nitrogen may also improve pasture yields particularly in spring.
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Fincham, Kenneth Charles. "Pastoral roles of the Jacobean episcopate in Canterbury province." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1985. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1363643/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the theory and practice of episcopal government in the English Church between 1603 and 1625. The source material consists of the records of seventeen diocesan archives in the province of Canterbury, in conjunction with primary printed and manuscript sources, such as sermons, theological treatises and polemics, and, where appropriate, the records of central ecclesiastical and secular government. It is proposed that the dominant image and practice was of the bishop as preaching pastor. The exemplar of the Apostolic bishop, which was set out in Pauline writings, could not be easily adapted to the realities of seventeenth century church government. Not merely had the episcopal office accumulated a series of non-pastoral functions, but its government also had a primarily judicial character. Nevertheless it is argued that, as a group the Jacobean episcopate managed to incorporate many aspects of the Pastoral ideal of St. Paul into their diocesan rule. Most bishops resided in their sees, attended their visitations in person, took a part in the running of their consistory courts, preached fairly regularly and supervised the clergy entrusted to their care. Extraneous circumstances helped to provide the right conditions in which this pastoral government could flourish. The divisive issue of ceremonial nonconformity, which could so easily sour relations between the bishop and his flock was largely stilled by James I's accommodating attitude to 'moderate' nonconformists and the consequent de facto toleration of occasional conformity. The King also supported the proselytising mission of the Church, and he restrained the hostility of Arminian prelates both to excessive preaching and to ceremonial nonconformity. This thesis, in short, seeks to demonstrate the strength and vitality of the Pastoral ideal among the Jacobean episcopate.
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Ciaran, Fiona. "Stained glass in Canterbury, New Zealand, 1860 to 1988." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Art History, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7555.
Full textAbstract:
The region of Canterbury, New Zealand, contains a large collection of nineteenth and twentieth-century stained glass windows. Founded by British emigrants in 1850 as a Church of England settlement, Canterbury retained close links with Britain well into the twentieth century and this is reflected in the importation of stained glass windows.
While the majority of windows are found in Anglican churches and include
accomplished works by Victorian studios, other denominations also commissioned
stained glass. There is a smaller but significant sample of works by Australian,
French, German and Irish studios. Twentieth-century windows include major
works by Arts and Craft Movement artists. Work by New Zealand studios
increases from the beginning of the twentieth century, and after 1973, importation
ceases.
Although stained glass is a monumental, public art form of immense visual appeal, this collection has, until now, remained unrecognised and undocumented. This thesis presents a comprehensive catalogue of all ecclesiastical and selected secular stained glass windows in Canterbury. Divided into two main groups, reflecting the author's assessment of the significance of individual windows, the catalogue forms the basis of an analysis of the collection as a whole. Critical attitudes towards stained glass, the status of the medium, patterns of installation, the roles played by key people in the selection of commissions, questions of patronage, commemoration, iconography and vandalism are discussed. Appendixes provide statistical data on the collection as well as biographical and historical information on the studios, designers and executants represented. New information is presented about British artists, some of whom have been virtually unexamined by historians.
It is argued that stained glass in Canterbury not only comprises the most important regional collection of windows in New Zealand, but also that its imported twentieth century works rival those of Australia's. The exportation of nineteenth and twentieth century stained glass from Britain is represented in microcosm in Canterbury, thus necessitating a reappraisal of the history of British stained glass. Finally, the development of local studios represents a significant but neglected aspect of artistic life in New Zealand.
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Spence, J. "The English church in Canterbury, New Zealand, 1843-1890." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8020.
Full textAbstract:
The story of Canterbury as a Church of England settlement begins in 1843, when Edward Gibbon Wakefield conceived the idea of founding such a settlement in New Zealand. As a suitable background for the main theme, however, I have briefly considered the coming of Christianity to these Islands. Attention is then drawn to the genesis of Canterbury and to the role of the English Church in founding and developing the colony. I have regarded the year 1890 as a convenient point at which to conclude the story, because Bishop Harper's resignation took effect then, and the gains of the Church during the first episcopate had been consolidated.
In this thesis my aim is to catch something of the spirit of those Churchmen, who devoted their energies to making Canterbury what they believed she should become a holy habitation. I have not been content with a mere description of Church affairs or with a monotonous narrative of consecrations and dedications. An attempt has been made to assess the influence of the Church on the community as a whole, and to estimate the value of her work. It has to be borne in mind, of course, that the; Church is a failure from the world’s point of view -- so was Her Lord -- and that the world at large underestimates the beneficial effects emanating from organised Christianity.
The Church of England in Canterbury from 1843 to 1890 illustrates something unique in the history of the English Church. Although the same experiment will never be repeated, we should at least be thankful it was attempted once. It also demonstrates the influence which ideals exercise upon practice, and the way in which ideals are modified when applied in practical life. Finally, it is well for us to remember that many who toiled for Canterbury’s sake were not ashamed to own Jesus of Nazareth as their Lord and King.
There has been ample opportunity to carry out research, especially among the records at "Church House” in Christchurch. Numerous published and unpublished reports, despatches, letters, minutes and papers have been carefully examined. The problem has not been a lack of material, rather was it to decide what to leave out. Volumes might be written about the Church in Canterbury; I have had to compress the story into a few pages. The task sometimes seemed laborious and wearisome, but now it is finished I feel well rewarded.
References made in the course of the work show to what sources or authors the present writer is indebted. Thanks are also due to Sir James Hight, to the Provincial and Diocesan Secretary, Mr L. H. Wilson, to Mr L. W. Broadhead, the Church Steward, to the Rev. Canon H. S. Hamilton, and to the Revs. J. F. Feron and H. G. Norris, for the material they have put at my disposal, and for their interest in the writing of this thesis.
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Wood, Pamela Janet. "The educational role of the Canterbury inspectorate, 1877-1916." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Educational Studies and Human Development, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2292.
Full textAbstract:
School inspectors were key figures in the
development of education in New Zealand. This thesis is
a study of the North and South Canterbury inspectorate
from the establishment of a national system of primary
education in 1877 to the transfer of the inspectorate
from Board to Department control in 1916. It focusses
on the inspectors' professional role rather than
attempting a group biography.
This thesis argues that the four decades of the
inspectorate's history fell into three distinct periods,
characterised by turmoil in the first, stability in the
second and rapid change in the third. The kinds of men
considered suitable for holding inspectorships changed
in each period.
Inspectors were uniquely placed to influence
educational policy and their two annual visits to each
school, for inspection and examination, enabled them to
see it implemented in the classroom. Despite the
intention that Board inspectors would carry out the
wishes of the central Department, a legislative anomaly
allowed them to interpret Departmental regulations as
they saw fit.
Foucault's ideas of disciplinary power through
hierarchical observation and normalising jUdgement
provide a framework for locating inspectors within the
education system. In their role as annual examiners
3
they were unwilling agents of disciplinary power,
resisting the Department's measurement of educational
success solely through examination statistics. Yet
their annual unannounced visit to each school, their
close inspection of the teacher's records and of the
school's tone, discipline and cleanliness, brought both
children and teachers firmly within an extensive and
permanent field of surveillance.
This thesis examines these two aspects of the
inspectors' role in detail. It describes their ideas of
reasonable efficiency in teaching and the preparation
and continuing education of teachers. It explores their
role in creating a safe and healthy educational
environment for training intelligent and loyal citizens.
And it analyses their success in guiding the educational
development of their districts.
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Green, Christopher Stephen. "Parametric mechanical design and optimisation of the Canterbury Hand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6611.
Full textAbstract:
As part of worldwide research humanoid robots have been developed for household, industrial and exploratory applications. If such robots are to interact with people and human created environments they will require human-like hands. The objective of this thesis was the parametric design and optimisation of a dexterous, and anthropomorphic robotic end effector. Known as the ‘Canterbury Hand’ it has 11 degree of freedoms with four fingers and a thumb. The hand has applications for dexterous teleoperation and object manipulation in industrial, hazardous or uncertain environments such as orbital robotics.
The human hand was analysed so that the Canterbury Hand could copy its motions, appearance and grasp types. An analysis of the current literature on experimental prosthetic and robotic hands was also carried out. A disadvantage of many of these hand designs was that they were remotely powered using large, heavy actuator packs. The advantage of the Canterbury Hand is that it has been designed to hold the motors, wires, and circuit boards entirely within itself; although a belt carried battery pack is required. The hand was modelled using a parametric 3D computer aided design (CAD) program. Two different configurations of the hand were created in the model. One configuration, as a dexterous robot hand, used Ø13mm 3 Watt DC motors, while the other used Ø10mm, 0.5 Watt DC motors (although this hand is still slightly too large for a general prosthesis). The parts within the hand were modelled to permit changes to the geometry. This was necessary for the optimisation process. The bearing geometry of the finger and thumb linkages, as well as the thumb rotation axis was optimised for anthropomorphic motion, appearance and increased force output. A design table within a spreadsheet was created to interact with the CAD models of the hand to quickly implement the optimised geometry. The work reported in this thesis has shown the possibilities for parametric design and optimisation of an anthropomorphic, dexterous robotic hand.
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Henderson, Duncan Robert Keall. "The Performance of House Foundations in the Canterbury Earthquakes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8741.
Full textAbstract:
The Canterbury Earthquakes of 2010-2011, in particular the 4th September 2010 Darfield earthquake and the 22nd February 2011 Christchurch earthquake, produced severe and widespread liquefaction in Christchurch and surrounding areas. The scale of the liquefaction was unprecedented, and caused extensive damage to a variety of man-made structures, including residential houses. Around 20,000 residential houses suffered serious damage as a direct result of the effects of liquefaction, and this resulted in approximately 7000 houses in the worst-hit areas being abandoned.
Despite the good performance of light timber-framed houses under the inertial loads of the earthquake, these structures could not withstand the large loads and deformations associated with liquefaction, resulting in significant damage. The key structural component of houses subjected to liquefaction effects was found to be their foundations, as these are in direct contact with the ground. The performance of house foundations directly influenced the performance of the structure as a whole. Because of this, and due to the lack of research in this area, it was decided to investigate the performance of houses and in particular their foundations when subjected to the effects of liquefaction.
The data from the inspections of approximately 500 houses conducted by a University of Canterbury summer research team following the 4th September 2010 earthquake in the worst-hit areas of Christchurch were analysed to determine the general performance of residential houses when subjected to high liquefaction loads. This was followed by the detailed inspection of around 170 houses with four different foundation types common to Christchurch and New Zealand: Concrete perimeter with short piers constructed to NZS3604, concrete slab-on-grade also to NZS3604, RibRaft slabs designed by Firth Industries and driven pile foundations. With a focus on foundations, floor levels and slopes were measured, and the damage to all areas of the house and property were recorded. Seven invasive inspections were also conducted on houses being demolished, to examine in more detail the deformation modes and the causes of damage in severely affected houses. The simplified modelling of concrete perimeter sections subjected to a variety of liquefaction-related scenarios was also performed, to examine the comparative performance of foundations built in different periods, and the loads generated under various bearing loss and lateral spreading cases.
It was found that the level of foundation damage is directly related to the level of liquefaction experienced, and that foundation damage and liquefaction severity in turn influence the performance of the superstructure. Concrete perimeter foundations were found to have performed most poorly, suffering high local floor slopes and being likely to require foundation repairs even when liquefaction was low enough that no surface ejecta was seen. This was due to their weak, flexible foundation structure, which cannot withstand liquefaction loads without deforming. The vulnerability of concrete perimeter foundations was confirmed through modelling. Slab-on-grade foundations performed better, and were unlikely to require repairs at low levels of liquefaction. Ribraft and piled foundations performed the best, with repairs unlikely up to moderate levels of liquefaction. However, all foundation types were susceptible to significant damage at higher levels of liquefaction, with maximum differential settlements of 474mm, 202mm, 182mm and 250mm found for concrete perimeter, slab-on-grade, ribraft and piled foundations respectively when subjected to significant lateral spreading, the most severe loading scenario caused by liquefaction.
It was found through the analysis of the data that the type of exterior wall cladding, either heavy or light, and the number of storeys, did not affect the performance of foundations. This was also shown through modelling for concrete perimeter foundations, and is due to the increased foundation strengths provided for heavily cladded and two-storey houses. Heavy roof claddings were found to increase the demands on foundations, worsening their performance. Pre-1930 concrete perimeter foundations were also found to be very vulnerable to damage under liquefaction loads, due to their weak and brittle construction.
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Burrell, Gregory P. "Hyporheic ecology of alluvial rivers in Canterbury, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Zoology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4805.
Full textAbstract:
Aspects of the ecology of hyporheic river communities in Canterbury, New Zealand were examined using field surveys in association with field and laboratory experiments. Seasonal pump-sampling of Ashley River tributaries revealed an invertebrate fauna dominated numerically by harpacticoid copepods, although insects (particularly Chironomidae and Polycentropodidae) dominated biomass. Dissolved oxygen (minimum concentration = 2.1 mg 1-1) was negatively related to invertebrate abundance in reaches receiving upwelling groundwater in summer, but not winter. Thus, seasonal limitation of dissolved oxygen may occur in river reaches where upwelling is prevalent. Colonisation pots embedded in the Waipara River collected a high proportion of epigean taxa, notably the snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, whereas pump-samples were biased towards collecting non-insect taxa, including harpacticoids and mites. In colonisation pots, the hyporheic biota (15-45 cm depth) represented about 50% of total (0-45 cm) invertebrate abundance and community respiration. Willow leaves added to colonisation pot gravels increased invertebrate abundance and community respiration, but their effect declined with depth. Low concentrations of silt (<2.5 g per litre of sediment) appeared to enhance the food resource for some collector-filtering taxa (particularly oligochaetes and ostracods), whilst lessening its value to the grazers P. antipodarum and Hydora sp. (Elmidae). The epilithic microbial community found in the hyporheic zone was similar to that of heavily-shaded surface epilithon, and both had lower biomass and a less diverse microbiota (algae and fungi) than epilithon grown in full light. While the epigean caddisfly 0. Feredayi ingested hyporheic foods, it did not grow in the absence of either higher quality light-grown epilithon, or particulate organic matter. Fine sediment (<2 mm diameter) added to colonisation pot gravels (up to 23% of total sediment dry weight) reduced invertebrate abundance and community respiration (CR) at all depths (0-45 cm). However, invertebrate community composition was influenced more strongly by fine sediment at depths below 15 cm, indicating that conventional stream sampling may provide an inadequate measure of sediment effects on the benthos. Finally, my data indicate that the hyporheic zone is likely to be sensitive to human activities. Therefore, water managers need to consider the biota of surface and subsurface waters concomitantly, so that freshwater ecosystems can be understood, maintained and protected, effectively.
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Glassey, P. J. "Geotechnical properties of lime stabilised loess, Port Hills, Canterbury." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6701.
Full textAbstract:
The loess deposits of the Port Hills, Canterbury, are subject to erosion by natural processes. Urban development of the Port Hills has encountered difficulties due to loess erosion, and in some instances, contributed to erosion. Lime stabilisation is one remedial method that can be used to reduce erosion problems. This necessitates investigation of the changes to soil properties and strength gains that occur to the loess with the addition of lime.
An erodible loess colluvium, from a subdivision with a history of erosion problems, was stabilised with 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% hydrated lime, and cured under various laboratory conditions. Pinhole erodibility, uniaxial swelling strain, Atterberg limits, grainsize analysis, Proctor compaction testing and a slaking test were used to determine the improvements to soil properties with the addition of lime. Unconfined compressive strength was tested to determine strength gains of lime stabilised soil.
The addition of 1% lime to the soil produced a non-erodible, non-dispersive material. Slaking and swelling were minimised with the addition of higher percent ages of lime (5%-7.5% respectively). The effective grainsize of the soil was increased on the addition of lime, and plasticity was increased with the addition of up to 5% lime. Optimum moisture content increases, and dry density decreases with increasing amounts of lime.
Strength gains of the lime stabilised loess, varied from 3 – 14 times the strength of the untreated soil depending on the curing method. Strength gains were greatest for air dried samples, although the untreated soil cured in the same manner had a higher dry strength than the lime stabilised soil. Strength gains are optimised at and above 7.5% lime with significant strength losses recorded between 2% and 5% lime. Strain deformation is reduced with the addition of lime, and the modulus of deformation is increased significantly indicating that lime stabilised loess acts as a brittle material on deformation.
The addition of lime to loess in low percentages (1%), has the effect of producing a non-erodible, non-dispersive material that resists erosion. However, it would appear that to achieve maximum strength of lime stabilised loess, 7.5% lime or more must be added to the soil.
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Smith, Matthew B. "The hydrogeology and hydraulics of artesian springs in Canterbury." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7890.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing demand for water in the Canterbury region, and the realisation that spring flow plays an important role in many wetland and river systems, requires methods for predicting changes in spring behaviour as Canterbury's groundwater resources are utilised. This study into the flow of groundwater through artesian spring systems provides a better understanding of the impacts of changes in artesian aquifer pressure.
The aquifer system of the central coastal Canterbury Plains consists of gravels separated by successive layers of fine sediment. The fine sediment acts as a confining aquitard, creating artesian pressures in the gravel aquifers where the piezometric surface is above ground level. Artesian springs occur in the confining aquitard through localised zones of weakness.
Piezometric levels associated with artesian springs in gravel aquifers are not well documented and have never been observed in Canterbury. Examination of near-spring groundwater flow patterns should confirm the shallow artesian aquifer as the main source of water to artesian springs.
Little information is available on the relationship between artesian aquifer pressure and artesian spring discharge. Groundwater flow equations indicate that turbulence occurs in the high velocity flow encountered in artesian spring systems. Energy losses should thus be proportional to velocity squared and the pressure - flow relationship is expected to be non-linear. A non-linear relationship would buffer spring discharge against changes in aquifer pressure induced by groundwater abstraction.
Field investigations were carried out at two spring sites near Christchurch. Near-spring water levels were observed in the aquifer directly below the spring to confirm it as the principal source of water to the spring. Variations in artesian pressure were then induced via groundwater abstraction from nearby wells in the source aquifer, and changes in spring discharge measured.
The upper confined aquifer was confirmed to be the primary source of water for Christchurch's artesian spring systems. The relationship between artesian aquifer pressure and artesian spring discharge was found to be entirely linear for the range of pressures and flows observed. Although theoretical analysis indicates that turbulent flow is occurring at, and close to, the spring vent, the distance over which it occurs is small enough that energy losses due to rapid flow in the groundwater system are negligible. The results imply that any reduction in artesian pressure due to groundwater abstraction will have a direct, linear impact on artesian spring flow.
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Bainbridge, Sophie Elizabeth. "Stopbank Performance during the 2010 - 2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8743.
Full textAbstract:
In the period between September 2010 and December 2011, Christchurch was shaken by a series of strong
earthquakes including the MW7.1 4 September 2010, Mw 6.2 22 February 2011, MW6.2 13 June 2011 and MW6.0
23 December 2011 earthquakes. These earthquakes produced very strong ground motions throughout the city
and surrounding areas that resulted in soil liquefaction and lateral spreading causing substantial damage to
buildings, infrastructure and the community. The stopbank network along the Kaiapoi and Avon River suffered
extensive damage with repairs projected to take several years to complete. This presented an opportunity to
undertake a case-study on a regional scale of the effects of liquefaction on a stopbank system. Ultimately, this
information can be used to determine simple performance-based concepts that can be applied in practice to
improve the resilience of river protection works.
The research presented in this thesis draws from data collected following the 4th September 2010 and 22nd
February 2011 earthquakes. The stopbank damage is categorised into seven key deformation modes that were
interpreted from aerial photographs, consultant reports, damage photographs and site visits. Each deformation
mode provides an assessment of the observed mechanism of failure behind liquefaction-induced stopbank
damage and the factors that influence a particular style of deformation.
The deformation modes have been used to create a severity classification for the whole stopbank system, being
‘no or low damage’ and ‘major or severe damage’, in order to discriminate the indicators and factors that
contribute to ‘major to severe damage’ from the factors that contribute to all levels of damage a number of
calculated, land damage, stopbank damage and geomorphological parameters were analysed and compared at
178 locations along the Kaiapoi and Avon River stopbank systems.
A critical liquefiable layer was present at every location with relatively consistent geotechnical parameters (cone
resistance (qc), soil behaviour type (Ic) and Factor of Safety (FoS)) across the study site. In 95% of the cases the
critical layer occurred within two times the Height of the Free Face (HFF,). A statistical analysis of the
geotechnical factors relating to the critical layer was undertaken in order to find correlations between specific
deformation modes and geotechnical factors. It was found that each individual deformation mode involves a
complex interplay of factors that are difficult to represent through correlative analysis.
There was, however, sufficient data to derive the key factors that have affected the severity of deformation. It
was concluded that stopbank damage is directly related to the presence of liquefaction in the ground materials
beneath the stopbanks, but is not critical in determining the type or severity of damage, instead it is merely the
triggering mechanism. Once liquefaction is triggered it is the gravity-induced deformation that causes the
damage rather than the shaking duration.
Lateral spreading and specifically the depositional setting was found to be the key aspect in determining the
severity and type of deformation along the stopbank system. The presence or absence of abandoned or old river
channels and point bar deposits was found to significantly influence the severity and type of deformation. A
review of digital elevation models and old maps along the Kaiapoi River found that all of the ‘major to severe’
damage observed occurred within or directly adjacent to an abandoned river channel. Whilst a review of the
geomorphology along the Avon River showed that every location within a point bar deposit suffered some form
of damage, due to the depositional environment creating a deposit highly susceptible to liquefaction.
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Stevenson, Joanne Rosalie. "Organisational resilience after the Canterbury earthquakes : a contextual approach." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geography, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10032.
Full textAbstract:
Following a disaster, an organisation’s ability to recover is influenced by its internal capacities, but also by the people, organisations, and places to which it is connected. Current
approaches to organisational resilience tend to focus predominantly on an organization's internal capacities and do not adequately consider the place-based contexts and networks in which it is embedded. This thesis explores how organisations’ connections may both hinder and enable organisational resilience.
Organisations in the Canterbury region of New Zealand experienced significant and repeated disruptions as a result of two major earthquakes and thousands of aftershocks
throughout 2010 and 2011. This thesis draws upon 32 case studies of organisations located in three severely damaged town centres in Canterbury to assess the influence that organisations’ place-based connections and relational networks had on their post-earthquake trajectories.
The research has four objectives: 1) to examine the ways organisations connected to their local contexts both before and after the earthquakes, 2) to explore the characteristics of the formal and informal networks organisations used to aid their response and recovery, 3) to identify the ways organisations’ connections to their local contexts and support networks influenced their ability to recover following the earthquakes, and finally, 4) to develop
approaches to assess resilience that consider these extra-organisational connections.
The thesis contests the fiction that organisations recover and adapt independently from their contexts following disasters. Although organisations have a set of internal
capacities that enable their post-disaster recovery, they are embedded within external structures that constrain and enable their adaptive options following a disaster. An approach which considers organisations’ contexts and networks as potential sources of organisational
resilience has both conceptual and practical value. Refining our understanding of the influence of extra-organisational connections can improve our ability to explain variability in
organisational outcomes following disasters and foster new ways to develop and manage organisational resilience.
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Ward, Rachel. "Completeness and incompleteness in Geoffrey Chaucer's The canterbury tales." Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/509.
Full textAbstract:
The author commences with an analysis of the nature of completeness in a variety of situations and media, including visual arts, music, video arts and literature. "Completeness" is determined to be both difficult to define and subject to any individual's personal interpretation. A distinction is made between the 'finished-ness' of works and their completeness as a factor in aesthetic enjoyment. It is noted that some works, though unfinished, are nevertheless complete aesthetically.
Various aspects of completeness are defined, discussed, and considered, including absolute, thematic, plot, authorial, segmental, inclusive, emotional, anticipatory, source/material, functional, and formal completeness. It is proposed that the more of these aspects of completeness present in a work, the more complete the work will seem. Examples illustrating each of the different aspects of completeness are given.
The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer, is examined with reference to the proposed aspects of completeness. The various ways in which the work can be and has been considered incomplete are discussed. The four fragmentary Tales in The Canterbury Tales--The Cook's Tale, The Squire's Tale, The Tale of Sir Thopas, and The Monk's Tale--are examined. First, the ways in which they can be considered incomplete are considered; next, the ways in which they can be considered complete despite being fragmentary are discussed.
The Canterbury Tales as a whole (if fragmentary) work is discussed. Its fragmentary nature is considered and possible explanations for difficulties are given. A case is made for considering The Canterbury Tales to be aesthetically complete and satisfying piece of literature as it stands.
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Goodwin, Amy W. "Reading the Canterbury tales : the example of Chaucer's clerk /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487678444258544.
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Garcia, Mariechristine. "Explorations of Women's Narrative Agency in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2155.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explores the extent to which the female characters in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales exercise any degree of narrative agency. Using both literary and historical approaches, this paper specifically discusses the cases of three of Chaucer’s women: Virginia, Griselda, and the Wife of Bath.
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Dodson, Matthew Michael. "Active tectonics, geomorphology and groundwater recharge to the Waipara - Kowai Zone, North Canterbury." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3193.
Full textAbstract:
The Waipara – Kowai groundwater allocation zones (referred to as zones) are located 50 kilometers north of Christchurch. Land use in the Waipara zone has evolved from dry land farming towards horticultural and irrigated pastoral farming, and as such the demand for groundwater resources has increased significantly. Recent 14C age dating has shown that deep wells tap >1000 years old water, raising concerns about possible resource mining. The Kowai groundwater allocation zone has had minimal regional hydrogeological investigations and previously little is known about the groundwater resources here. The Waipara – Kowai groundwater allocation zones are located near obliquely convergent plate margin and the Porters Pass Fault System. Recent (early Quaternary) deformation has been noted by workers along margins and associated with emerging structures within basins. These emerging faults and folds within the basin are acting as hydrological barriers, hindering the passage of groundwater within the basin. A geomorphic map was constructed for this study based on existing soils maps, limited field soil surveys and morphometric analysis. Nine geomorphic surfaces are described, with inferred ages of modern to >73 ka. The geomorphic investigation revealed that the Kowai groundwater allocation zone surface is stepped, with increasing thickness of loess up gradient on the downlands. Near the coast there is intercalated terrestrial and marine sediments, to the west overlying the Kowai Formation are small alluvial fans. In the Waipara Basin the Waipara fan dominates the central portion of the basin, with smaller fluvial and alluvial fans building out from the margins. Groundwater recharge was investigated using chemical, isotopic, water level observations and a simple water balance. It was found that in the Kowai zone the major recharge sources were the rainfall, losses from the rivers and streams. The southern region of the Waipara zone is recharged by rainfall with small contributions from the Kowai River (North Branch). In the South region of the Waipara Basin groundwater recharge is derived from rainfall and losses from streams. The groundwater systems are conceptualized as being topographically driven, with slope – basin floors interactions being an important source of groundwater recharge.
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Honeyman, Chelsea. "Narrative flexibility and fraternal preaching technique in three "Canterbury Tales"." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26658.
Full textAbstract:
A divide exists between those who view the Canterbury Tales as a series of self-contained texts and those who contend that the various characters' interactions affect each tale's direction. This paper takes the latter view, using the contemporary preaching attitudes of Chaucer's day to examine how the Pardoner's, Prioress's and Friar's respective levels of consideration for their situation and audience are directly related to their tales' success. While the Pardoner's self-absorption and over-dependence on his professional habits and the Prioress's favouring of sentimentality at the expense of engagement with her tale and audience result in less-than-popular narratives, the Friar's use of fraternal preaching techniques emphasising an adaptable, audience-centred style leads him to greater success with the pilgrims. Chaucer's advocacy of narrative flexibility may be part of his overall goal with the Canterbury Tales: to create a written text that replicates as much as possible the spontaneous nature of oral performance.
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DuBois, Jennifer Faith. "Spatial and Temporal Changes in Tsunami Risk Perception in Canterbury." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1440.
Full textAbstract:
Risk perception for rare, low-probability hazards, such as tsunamis, tends to be low due to individual's unfamiliarity with them and the tendency to see them as synonymous with non-occurrence events. Visitors to an area tend to have even lower risk perception and knowledge of hazards, warning systems and appropriate actions to take during an event. Risk perception, however, can increase, if only temporarily, after a catastrophic event, such as the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami. To determine the changes in resident's knowledge and perception and the differences between those of residents and visitors two surveys were conducted. In the first survey interview style surveying was conducted at eleven locations in the coastal Christchurch and Banks Peninsula area of the Canterbury Region The questionnaire was composed of scaled, open, and closed ended questions and the main themes included knowledge of risk, preparation and warnings, what to do during a tsunami, and changes since the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami. The second survey of five coastal communities was conducted via a postal questionnaire and was aimed at obtaining residential views. Survey data was then analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software. The residential data was compared with that of the non-residents to determine the differences in perception of residents and visitors. The residential information was then compared with survey data from the 2003 National Coastal Survey. Visitors knew less about general tsunami information such as when the last tsunami occurred and were less likely to believe that a tsunami could occur imminently. Non-residents reported less receipt of information and did considerably less information seeking. Differences in knowledge of warning systems were difficult to ascertain. The Boxing Day event certainly made an impact, increasing people's knowledge and awareness, though most likely only temporarily.
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Stapleton, Joanne Maree. "Form and function of the Waihao-Wainono barrier, South Canterbury." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3465.
Full textAbstract:
The mixed sand and gravel barrier beaches located on the South Island's East Coast are formed predominantly of Greywacke, eroded from the mountains, and transported via the major river systems. These barriers act as the interface between the South Pacific Ocean and the surrounding hinterland. In times of high energy coastal events, breaching is common. This thesis examines the form and function of the Waihao-Wainono barrier, a section of the coastline situated north of the Waitaki River. Breaches along this part of the barrier are frequent and several have rendered the surrounding farmland unusable for several years due to the effects of saltwater inundation. There is some concern among the local community as to exactly why the barrier breaches at certain locations and not others, making land planning and management a difficult task for farmers. Several of the local landowners believe that since the construction of the Waitaki Dam in 1935, a significant decrease in sediment size along the barrier has occurred. It is also thought that the barrier form has experienced substantial change. Through the use of physical techniques used in the field of coastal science, 17 sites along the Waihao-Wainono barrier were studied. Excavations were carried out, surface and substrate profiles recorded and sediment samples collected from the surface. sub-surface and substrate of the barrier. Analysis of the barrier form and barrier volume concluded that the past breach sites consisted of steeper lower foreshore slopes than the non-breach sites, and at two sites, the substrate was not reached. Breach areas display the greatest barrier volume of all the study sites, which is contrary to belief. In relation to the surface sediments, the majority of barrier profiles displayed the distinct mean grain size cross shore zonation, characteristic of mixed sand and gravel beaches. The best and most consistent surface sorting was also identified as being a characteristic of the breach sites. The sediment size is not shown to have drastically reduced over the thirty year sampling period as was perceived by the local community. Within the sub-surface of the barrier, the sediments displayed chaotic sizes and generally poorly sorted material. Several of the breach sites contained a distinct change in sediment size between the coarser surface layer and the finer layer located immediately below. This layering of coarse and fine sized sediments leads to differences in permeability within the barrier, which is thought to be a major factor in why these sites have breached. Resulting from these findings, a group of characteristics of breach sites was formed and several predictions made as to where the barrier may breach in the near future.
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Mansell, Jeremy. "Draft forest management plan for Cashmere Forest, Port Hills, Canterbury." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/etd/adt-NZCU20070420.100644.
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Gregory, William Jeremy. "Archbishop, cathedral and parish : the diocese of Canterbury, 1660-1805." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358487.
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Reid, Jennifer. "Barriers To Maori Student Success At The University Of Canterbury." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology and Anthropology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/903.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores how the University of Canterbury has responded to the Tertiary Education Strategy's (2002-2007) concerns vis-à-vis declining Maori participation and unsatisfactory rates of retention and completion in mainstream universities. This research is based on the qualitative method of in-depth taped interviews with twenty-five participants enrolled as 'Maori' at Canterbury in 2004. Notwithstanding increased recognition of biculturalism at Canterbury, issues relating to entrenched monoculturalism identified by Grennell (1990), Clothier (2000) and Phillips (2003) appear to be largely unresolved. Participants confirm the Ministry of Education's (2001) contention that Personal and Family Issues, Financial Difficulties, Negative Schooling Experiences, Inadequate Secondary Qualifications, Transitional Difficulties, Isolation, Unwelcoming Tertiary Environments and Inappropriate Support Structures are barriers to Maori success. However, testimonies reflect that these barriers represent exogenous factors derived from state and institutional policies and practices, not endogenous factors attributable to Maori genes, cultural socioeconomic status or engagement with the system. The Tertiary Education Strategy's (2002-2007) devolution of responsibility to institutions to address ethnic disparities in human capital imposes the same structural constraints on Maori that undermine achievement in the compulsory sector. The types of support structures participants identify as conducive to addressing deficit cultural capital and fostering academic achievement are Maori-centred initiatives, devoid of the deficit ideology that underpins mainstream assimilationist interventions; and or institutional provisions that incorporate greater stakeholder input with improved accountability and monitoring mechanisms that safeguard against recourse to deficit rationalizations for underachievement. Maori parity in engagement with the tertiary education sector is contingent upon the state and its institutions redressing the cumulative effects of the colonial and neo-colonial marginalization of Maori in Aotearoa/New Zealand.
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Osman, Mohamud. "How important is the CERA recovery strategy to Canterbury refugees?" Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7474.
Full textAbstract:
For the people of Christchurch and its wider environs of Canterbury in New Zealand, the 4th of September 2010 earthquake and the subsequent aftershocks were daunting. To then experience a more deadly earthquake five months later on the 22nd of February 2011 was, for the majority, overwhelming. A total of 185 people were killed and the earthquake and continuing aftershocks caused widespread damage to properties, especially in the central city and eastern suburbs. A growing body of literature consistently documents the negative impact of experiencing natural disasters on existing psychological disorders. As well, several studies have identified positive coping strategies which can be used in response to adversities, including reliance on spiritual and cultural beliefs as well as developing resilience and social support. The lifetime prevalence of severe mental health disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurring as a result of experiencing natural disasters in the general population is low. However, members of refugee communities who were among those affected by these earthquakes, as well as having a past history of experiencing traumatic events, were likely to have an increased vulnerability.
The current study was undertaken to investigate the relevance to Canterbury refugee communities of the recent Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority (CERA) draft recovery strategy for Christchurch post-earthquakes. This was accomplished by interviewing key informants who worked closely with refugee communities. These participants were drawn from different agencies in Christchurch including Refugee Resettlement Services, the Canterbury Refugee Council, CERA, and health promotion and primary healthcare organisations, in order to obtain the views of people who have comprehensive knowledge of refugee communities as well as expertise in local mainstream services.
The findings from the semi-structured interviews were analysed using qualitative thematic analysis to identify common themes raised by the participants. The key informants described CERA’s draft recovery strategy as a significant document which highlighted the key aspects of recovery post disaster. Many key informants identified concerns regarding the practicality of the draft recovery strategy. For the refugee communities, some of those concerns included the short consultation period for the implementation phase of the draft recovery strategy, and issues surrounding communication and collaboration between refugee agencies involved in the recovery.
This study draws attention to the importance of communication and collaboration during recovery, especially in the social reconstruction phase following a disaster, for all citizens but most especially for refugee communities.
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Mansell, Jeremy David. "Draft forest management plan for Cashmere Forest, Port Hills, Canterbury." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1151.
Full textAbstract:
Cashmere Forest is currently a production forest comprised of mostly radiata pine (c.85%), Douglas fir (c.5%) and some non plantation areas. The Port Hills Park Trust Board (PHPTB) is interested in purchasing Cashmere Forest for the purpose of creating a public forest park environment where forestry, indigenous biodiversity, recreation and the environment are goals of sustainable management. For this purpose this draft forest management (DFM) plan has been prepared. The preparation of the Cashmere DFM plan comprised three main components: 1. An economic analysis of the current plantation component of Cashmere Forest. 2. Preparation of a draft forest management plan which encompasses the management of plantation and non plantation areas. 3. Preparation of a geographic information system (GIS) for Cashmere Forest. Economic analysis evaluated clearfell, coupe (2 to 5 ha), and a mixture of coupe and continuous canopy management (CCM) as harvesting scenarios. The coupe CCM mix was recommended for implementation primarily as it best suited long term management goals for Cashmere Forest Park while also returning modest value (NPV $561, 966). Normal cashflow analysis was also used to analyse cashflow over the first thirty years of operation from 2007. Under coupe/CCM, accrued profit does not become permanently positive until around 2019 due to initial infrastructure costs. Accrued revenue culminates at around 4 million after 30 years. This figure may drop following implementation of high pruning, alternative growth models and indigenous restoration. The Cashmere DFM plan begins with the 200 year vision which sees a Forest Park ecosystem that achieves production, environmental, ecological and recreational goals appropriate to its Port Hills location. Production forestry is practiced through the selective harvesting of a range of naturally regenerated exotic and restored indigenous species. Landscape, soil and water resources are sustainably managed through the retention of a mixed forest canopy. The forest park has been significantly augmented with indigenous flora and fauna typical of the Port Hills and ecologically significant areas are managed specifically for their indigenous biodiversity. Park recreational users are enjoying ongoing utilisation of a unique Canterbury landscape. Plantation forest management involves coupes of between 2 to 5 ha which will be harvested with cable or ground based systems with areas split approximately 50:50 between the two. Cable harvesting will be carried out with a swing yarder system with ground based operations carried out with track skidders. CCM will be carried out on a trial basis in three compartments. Re-establishment of plantation areas will aim towards occupying around 58% of Cashmere Forest, comprised of areas of radiate pine 65%, radiata pine/eucalypt 24%, Douglas fir/eucalypt 5% and Alternative species 6%. Non plantation areas are identified as either bluff, track or clearing. Within each area there may be one or more vegetation type including tussock grassland, mixed shrubland, rock association and any mixture of the three. It is proposed that the non plantation area will eventually increase to include riparian buffers 31%, restored native 55%, bluff 10% and track 4% areas, reflecting the long term vision of increased native areas in Cashmere Forest. Monitoring of forest operations, restoration, recreation and management progress will be integral to the successful implementation of the Cashmere DFM plan. A database of information will be created to allow periodical reviews of processes and predictions and reconciliation of costs and revenues associated with the management of Cashmere Forest. Periodical reviews will also be undertaken by an independent management advisory group who can liaise with the project manager of Cashmere Forest Park to discuss issues and aid planning and ensure the successful establishment of this unique park resource.
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Estrada, Beatriz Elena. "Seismic hazard associated with the Springbank Fault, North Canterbury Plans." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Science, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5503.
Full textAbstract:
This study contains an evaluation of the seismic hazard associated with the Springbank Fault, a blind structure discovered in 1998 close to Christchurch. The assessment of the seismic hazard is approached as a deterministic process in which it is necessary to establish: 1) fault characteristics; 2) the maximum earthquake that the fault is capable of producing and 3) ground motions estimations.
Due to the blind nature of the fault, conventional techniques used to establish the basic fault characteristics for seismic hazard assessments could not be applied. Alternative methods are used including global positioning system (GPS) surveys, morphometric analyses along rivers, shallow seismic reflection surveys and computer modelling. These were supplemented by using multiple empirical equations relating fault attributes to earthquake magnitude, and attenuation relationships to estimate ground motions in the near-fault zone.
The analyses indicated that the Springbank Fault is a reverse structure located approximately 30 km to the northwest of Christchurch, along a strike length of approximately 16 km between the Eyre and Ashley River. The fault does not reach the surface, buy it is associated with a broad anticline whose maximum topographic expression offers close to the mid-length of the fault.
Two other reverse faults, the Eyrewell and Sefton Faults, are inferred in the study area. These faults, together with the Springbank and Hororata Faults and interpreted as part of a sys of trust/reverse faults propagating from a decollement located at mid-crustal depths of approximately 14 km beneath the Canterbury Plains
Within this fault system, the Springbank Fault is considered to behave in a seismically independent way, with a fault slip rate of ~0.2 mm/yr, and the capacity of producing a reverse-slip earthquake of moment magnitude ~6.4, with an earthquake recurrence of 3,000 years.
An earthquake of the above characteristics represents a significant seismic hazard for various urban centres in the near-fault zone including Christchurch, Rangiora, Oxford, Amberley, Kaiapoi, Darfield, Rollestion and Cust. Estimated peak ground accelerations for these towns range between 0.14 g to 0.5 g.