To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Cantaloupe.
Journal articles on the topic 'Cantaloupe'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Cantaloupe.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
RICHARDS, GLENNER M., and LARRY R. BEUCHAT. "Attachment of Salmonella Poona to Cantaloupe Rind and Stem Scar Tissues as Affected by Temperature of Fruit and Inoculum." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 1359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.7.1359.
Full textAbstract:
A negative temperature differential between fruits or vegetables and the water in which they are immersed theoretically enhances infiltration of water and any microorganisms it might contain into tissues. The effect of temperature differentials between cantaloupes and wash water, each at 4 and 30°C, on changes in cantaloupe weight and populations of Salmonella enterica Poona recovered from rinds and stem scar tissues of Eastern and Western (shipper) types of cantaloupes was assessed. The percent weight increase in Western cantaloupes was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) than that in Eastern cantaloupes for all cantaloupe and inoculum temperature combinations. Salmonella Poona attachment to or infiltration of Eastern but not Western cantaloupe rind is enhanced when the fruit is at 4°C, compared with 30°C, regardless of the temperature of the immersion suspension. The number of Salmonella Poona cells recovered from rind tissue of Western cantaloupes at 30°C immersed in inoculum at 30°C was significantly less (P ≤ 0.05) than that recovered from rind tissues of cantaloupes at 4 or 30°C that were immersed in inoculum at 4°C. Salmonella Poona in immersion water can adhere to or infiltrate surface tissues of cantaloupes. The populations of Salmonella Poona recovered from stem scar tissues of Eastern and Western types of cantaloupes were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by cantaloupe and inoculum temperature combinations. Populations of cells adhering to or infiltrating various cantaloupe tissues is not dictated entirely by temperature differentials between fruits and immersion suspensions; rather, it also apparently is influenced by structures unique to surface tissues.
2
FAN, XUETONG, BASSAM A. ANNOUS, LINDSEY A. KESKINEN, and JAMES P. MATTHEIS. "Use of Chemical Sanitizers To Reduce Microbial Populations and Maintain Quality of Whole and Fresh-Cut Cantaloupe†." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 2453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.12.2453.
Full textAbstract:
Whole cantaloupes either not inoculated or inoculated with Salmonella Poona were submerged in water, 180 ppm of chlorine, acidified calcium sulfate (ACS: 1.2% Safe2O-ACS50), 1,000 ppm of acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), 80 ppm of peroxyacetic acid (PAA), and a combination of ACS and PAA for 10 min. Although only ASC and the combination of ACS and PAA significantly reduced the aerobic plate count of samples taken from the surface of whole cantaloupe (compared with samples taken from cantaloupe submerged in water only), all treatments reduced yeast and mold counts on the whole cantaloupe. However, none of the treatments of whole cantaloupes consistently reduced yeast and mold counts for the samples of fresh-cut cantaloupes. The aerobic plate counts for fresh-cut cantaloupe were reduced by 1 to 2 log CFU/g by sanitization of whole fruit with ASC, ACS, and the combination of ACS and PAA. The low bacterial population on the fresh-cut fruit was maintained during 14 days of storage at 4°C. All treatments had a limited effect on the population of Salmonella, achieving no more than a 1.5-log reduction of the pathogen inoculated on the surface of the whole cantaloupes. Salmonella was nondetectable via direct plating (with a detection limit of 0.4 log CFU/g) in fresh-cut cantaloupes prepared from whole cantaloupes treated with any of the sanitizers. However, after enrichment, Salmonella often was detectable. Color, texture, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid, and drip loss of cut cantaloupes were not consistently affected by any of the whole-fruit treatments. Overall, treatments of whole cantaloupe with ASC, ACS, and the combination of ACS and PAA at the concentrations tested permitted a significant reduction in Salmonella and native microflora of whole and cut fruit; however, Salmonella still could be found in cut cantaloupes from all treatments.
3
VADLAMUDI, SASI, T. MATTHEW TAYLOR, CHARLES BLANKENBURG, and ALEJANDRO CASTILLO. "Effect of Chemical Sanitizers on Salmonella enterica Serovar Poona on the Surface of Cantaloupe and Pathogen Contamination of Internal Tissues as a Function of Cutting Procedure." Journal of Food Protection 75, no. 10 (October 1, 2012): 1766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-159.
Full textAbstract:
Survival of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Poona on surface and stem scar portions of inoculated cantaloupe following sanitizer application, transfer of pathogen from the rind to the flesh during cutting, and growth of Salmonella Poona on cantaloupe cubes over 15 days of refrigerated storage were investigated. Cantaloupes inoculated with a rifampin-resistant strain of Salmonella Poona (107 CFU/ml) for 3 min and dried for 12 h were washed with chlorine (200 mg free chlorine per liter, 3 min), lactic acid (2%, 2 min), or ozone (30 mg/liter, 5 min). Fresh-cut cantaloupe cubes were prepared by (i) cutting the cantaloupe and then removing the rind or by (ii) peeling the rind and then cutting the flesh into pieces. The numbers of Salmonella bacteria recovered were higher in the stem scar portion (6.3 ± 0.3 log CFU/cm2) than the surface (4.8 ± 0.2 log CFU/cm2). Surface treatment with tap water or chlorine did not reduce Salmonella numbers, while treatment with lactic acid or ozone reduced Salmonella by 2.5 or 2.3 log CFU/cm2, respectively. The use of lactic acid to sanitize the cantaloupes resulted in less Salmonella transfer to flesh during cutting; Salmonella numbers decreased to below detectable levels over 9 days of refrigerated (4°C) storage. Cutting cantaloupes after peeling the rind was more effective at reducing transfer of Salmonella to the internal tissue than cutting of cantaloupes prior to rind removal. These data suggest that treatment of cantaloupe rinds with lactic acid or ozone may be effective at reducing Salmonella numbers, while lactic acid application resulted in reduction of Salmonella transfer to cantaloupe flesh.
4
ANNOUS, BASSAM A., ANGELA BURKE, JOSEPH E. SITES, and JOHN G. PHILLIPS. "Commercial Thermal Process for Inactivating Salmonella Poona on Surfaces of Whole Fresh Cantaloupes†." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-414.
Full textAbstract:
Outbreaks of salmonellosis by Salmonella Poona and listeriosis by Listeria monocytogenes have been associated with the consumption of cantaloupes. Commercial washing processes for cantaloupes are limited in their ability to inactivate and/or remove this human pathogen. Our objective was to develop a commercial-scale surface pasteurization process for enhancing microbiological safety of cantaloupes. Whole cantaloupes, surface inoculated with Salmonella Poona RM 2350, were stored at 32°C for 24 h prior to processing. Temperature-penetration profiles indicated that the surface temperature of the whole cantaloupe was 26 and 30°C below that of the hot water temperature after 2 min of immersion at 82 and 92°C, respectively. Hot water treatments at 92°C for 60 and 90 s reduced Salmonella Poona populations in excess of 5 log CFU/g of rind. Cantaloupes that were treated and stored at 4°C for 9 days retained their firmness quality and maintained nondetectable levels of Salmonella Poona as compared with the controls. Also, levels of Salmonella Poona on fresh-cut cantaloupe prepared from hot water–treated cantaloupes and stored for 9 days at 4°C were nondetectable as compared with the controls. These results indicate that surface pasteurization at 92°C for 90 s will enhance the microbiological safety of cantaloupes and will extend the shelf life of this commodity as well. The process parameter of 90 s or less falls within the commercial requirements of the whole-cantaloupe processor-packer industry.
5
Simmons, Gilbert F., Roger Rij, Joseph L. Smilanick, and Shama John. "Microbial Population Reduction on Cantaloupe Destined for the Minimally Processed Market Using Vapor Hydrogen Peroxide or SO." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 600c—600. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.600c.
Full textAbstract:
Refrigerated fresh-cut fruit and vegetables are the most rapidly expanding area in produce sales. Shelf life for minimally processed produce depends on natural product senescence or spoilage organism decay. Shelf life limits, near-aseptic cutting facilities, refrigerated transportation, and refrigerated storage make it possible to ship precut cantaloupe coast to coast on a year-round basis. Thorough cantaloupe surface disinfection reduces potential spoilage organisms and harmful pathogens. We compared using vapor hydrogen peroxide and sulfur dioxide to the current practice of hypochlorite (HOCL) washing to reduce cantaloupe microbial load. After treatment, cantaloupe were stored in unsealed polyethylene bags at 2.2°C for 4 weeks. The HOCL treated fruit were scrubbed and soaked for 5 minutes in a commercial HOCL solution. After 4 weeks, the HOCL washed fruit had reduced visible molds compared to controls. Cantaloupes fumigated for 60 minutes with 5000 or 10,000 ppm sulfur dioxide developed sunken lesions but no significant decay after 4 weeks storage. Cantaloupes, treated 60 minutes with 3 mg·L–1 volume vapor hydrogen peroxide, did not show injury or significant decay after 4 weeks storage. Sulfur dioxide and vapor hydrogen peroxide show promise as alternatives to HOCL.
6
HAMMACK, THOMAS S., IRIS E. VALENTIN-BON, ANDREW P. JACOBSON, and WALLACE H. ANDREWS. "Relative Effectiveness of the Bacteriological Analytical Manual Method for the Recovery of Salmonella from Whole Cantaloupes and Cantaloupe Rinses with Selected Preenrichment Media and Rapid Methods†." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 870–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.5.870.
Full textAbstract:
Soak and rinse methods were compared for the recovery of Salmonella from whole cantaloupes. Cantaloupes were surface inoculated with Salmonella cell suspensions and stored for 4 days at 2 to 6° C. Cantaloupes were placed in sterile plastic bags with a nonselective preenrichment broth at a 1:1.5 cantaloupe weight-to-brothvolume ratio. The cantaloupe broths were shaken for 5 min at 100 rpm after which 25-ml aliquots (rinse) were removed from the bags. The 25-ml rinses were preenriched in 225-ml portions of the same uninoculated broth type at 35° C for 24 h (rinse method). The remaining cantaloupe broths were incubated at 35° C for 24 h (soak method). The preenrichment broths used were buffered peptone water (BPW), modified BPW, lactose (LAC) broth, and Universal Preenrichment (UP) broth. The Bacteriological Analytical Manual Salmonella culture method was compared with the following rapid methods: the TECRA Unique Salmonella method, the VIDAS ICS/SLM method, and the VIDAS SLM method. The soak method detected significantly more Salmonella-positive cantaloupes (P < 0.05) than did the rinse method: 367 Salmonella-positive cantaloupes of 540 test cantaloupes by the soak method and 24 Salmonella-positive cantaloupes of 540 test cantaloupes by the rinse method. Overall, BPW, LAC, and UP broths were equivalent for the recovery of Salmonella from cantaloupes. Both the VIDAS ICS/SLM and TECRA Unique Salmonella methods detected significantly fewer Salmonella-positive cantaloupes than did the culture method: the VIDAS ICS/SLM method detected 23 of 50 Salmonella-positive cantaloupes (60 tested) and the TECRA Unique Salmonella method detected 16 of 29 Salmonella-positive cantaloupes (60 tested). The VIDAS SLM and culture methods were equivalent: both methods detected 37 of 37 Salmonella-positive cantaloupes (60 tested).
7
ANNOUS, BASSAM A., ANGELA BURKE, and JOSEPH E. SITES. "Surface Pasteurization of Whole Fresh Cantaloupes Inoculated with Salmonella Poona or Escherichia coli †." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 1876–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.9.1876.
Full textAbstract:
Numerous outbreaks of salmonellosis by Salmonella Poona have been associated with the consumption of cantaloupe. Commercial washing processes for cantaloupe are limited in their ability to inactivate or remove this human pathogen. Our objective was to develop a commercial-scale surface pasteurization process to enhance the microbiological safety of cantaloupe. Populations of indigenous bacteria recovered from cantaloupes that were surface pasteurized at 96, 86, or 76°C for 2 to 3 min were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the controls. Whole cantaloupes, surface inoculated with Salmonella Poona RM 2350 or Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 to a final cell concentration of ca. 5 log CFU/cm2 were stored at 4°C or room temperature (RT = 19 ± 1°C) for up to 72 h before processing. Treatments at 76°C for 2 to 3 min at 24 h postinoculation resulted in a reduction in excess of 5 log CFU/cm2 of Salmonella Poona and E. coli populations. Cantaloupes that were surface pasteurized and stored at 4°C for 21 days retained their firmness qualities and had no visible mold growth compared with the controls, which became soft and moldy. These results indicate that surface pasteurization will enhance the microbiological safety of cantaloupes and will extend the shelf life of this commodity as well. Storage of untreated inoculated cantaloupes at RT for 24 to 72 h postinoculation caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in Salmonella Poona and E. coli populations compared with storage at 4°C. This indicates that cantaloupes should be refrigerated as soon as possible following harvest to suppress the growth of any possible contaminant on the rind.
8
Castle, S. J., N. Prabhaker, T. J. Henneberry, and N. C. Toscano. "Host plant influence on susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to insecticides." Bulletin of Entomological Research 99, no. 3 (October 24, 2008): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308006329.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA resistance monitoring program conducted for the polyphagous whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), in Imperial Valley, CA, USA generated a large set of LC50s for adults collected from broccoli, cantaloupe and cotton crops over a four-year period. A vial bioassay and, subsequently, a yellow-sticky card bioassay produced similar temporal profiles of relative susceptibilities to the pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin. Both bioassays revealed that whiteflies collected from broccoli were significantly less susceptible to bifenthrin compared to the other two crops. A similar finding was observed for endosulfan and the mixture of bifenthrin+endosulfan in the yellow-sticky card bioassay. The possibility that seasonal differences contributed to the observed differences in susceptibility provided the impetus to conduct a reciprocal transfer experiment using broccoli (or kale) and cantaloupe grown simultaneously in the field and greenhouse. Whitefly adults collected from an organic farm over three consecutive weeks had significantly higher LC50s on kale than those collected the same day on cantaloupe. After culturing in the greenhouse on broccoli or cantaloupe and testing again, LC50s remained significantly higher on broccoli after one week and again at the F1 generation. In contrast, whiteflies originating on kale in the field and transferred to cantaloupes in the greenhouse had significantly reduced LC50s at the F1 generation. When tested against the bifenthrin+endosulfan mixture, significantly higher LC50s were generated for whiteflies reared on broccoli in the greenhouse at one week and the F1 compared to the field source from cantaloupes. The consistently higher LC50s for whiteflies on broccoli and other Brassica spp. crops, compared to cantaloupes or cotton, point to statistically significant host-plant influences that are expressed in both field-collected and greenhouse-reared populations of whiteflies.
9
RICHARDS, GLENNER M., JAMES W. BUCK, and LARRY R. BEUCHAT. "Survey of Yeasts for Antagonistic Activity against Salmonella Poona in Cantaloupe Juice and Wounds in Rinds Coinfected with Phytopathogenic Molds." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 2132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.10.2132.
Full textAbstract:
Application of yeasts as biocontrol agents to prevent mold decay of fruits and vegetables has been described. We examined 10 yeasts for potential antagonistic activity against survival and growth of Salmonella Poona in cantaloupe juice and decay by Cladosporium cladosporioides and Geotrichum candidum in wounds on cantaloupe rind. Cantaloupe juice was inoculated using five schemes: Salmonella Poona only (1.10 log CFU/ml), high (3.93 to 5.21 log CFU/ml) or low populations (1.79 to 3.26 log CFU/ml) of yeasts only, and Salmonella Poona combined with high or low populations of yeasts. High initial populations of Debaryomyces hansenii, Pichia guilliermondii, and Pseudozyma sp. were antagonistic to Salmonella Poona in cantaloupe juice stored at 20°C for 48 h. Wounds in cantaloupe rinds were inoculated with yeast and mold or yeast, mold, and Salmonella Poona, and cantaloupes were stored at 4°C for 14 days or 20°C for 7 days. The pH of rind tissue inoculated with C. cladosporioides and yeasts increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) at 20°C. Wounds that were inoculated with P. guilliermondii, together with C. cladosporioides or G. candidum, did not show mold growth at 4 and 20°C. Populations of Salmonella Poona (6.40, 7.26, and 7.98 log CFU per sample) were lower in wounds coinoculated with G. candidum and three of the test yeasts (D. hansenii, P. guilliermondii, and Cryptococcus albidus, respectively) compared to coinoculation with G. candidum or the other seven yeasts. Candida oleophila and Rhodotorula glutinis showed the most promise in reducing the population of Salmonella Poona in wounds in rinds of cantaloupes coinoculated with G. candidum and stored at 4°C.
10
SHEARER, ADRIENNE E. H., KYLE LeSTRANGE, RAFAEL CASTAÑEDA SALDAÑA, and KALMIA E. KNIEL. "Transfer of Pathogens from Cantaloupe Rind to Preparation Surfaces and Edible Tissue as a Function of Cutting Method." Journal of Food Protection 79, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 764–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-420.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTWhole and cut cantaloupes have been implicated as vehicles in foodborne illness outbreaks of norovirus, salmonellosis, and listeriosis. Preparation methods that minimize pathogen transfer from external surfaces to the edible tissue are needed. Two preparation methods were compared for the transfer of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2, murine norovirus, and Tulane virus from inoculated cantaloupe rinds to edible tissue and preparation surfaces. For the first method, cantaloupes were cut into eighths, and edible tissue was separated from the rind and cubed with the same knife used to open the cantaloupes. For the second method, cantaloupes were scored with a knife around the circumference sufficient to allow manual separation of the cantaloupes into halves. Edible tissue was scooped with a spoon and did not contact the preparation surface touched by the rind. Bacteria and virus were recovered from the rinds, preparation surfaces, and edible tissue and enumerated by culture methods and reverse transcription, quantitative PCR, respectively. Standard plate counts were determined throughout refrigerated storage of cantaloupe tissue. Cut method 2 yielded approximately 1 log lower recovery of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium from edible tissue, depending on the medium in which the bacteria were inoculated. A slight reduction was observed in murine norovirus recovered from edible tissue by cut method 2. The Tulane virus was detected in approximately half of the sampled cantaloupe tissue and only at very low levels. Aerobic mesophilic colony counts were lower through day 6 of storage for buffered peptone water–inoculated cantaloupes prepared by cut method 2. No differences were observed in environmental contamination as a function of cutting method. Although small reductions in contamination of edible tissue were observed for cut method 2, the extent of microbial transfer underscores the importance of preventing contamination of whole cantaloupes.
11
UKUKU, DIKE O., VLASTA PILIZOTA, and GERALD M. SAPERS. "Bioluminescence ATP Assay for Estimating Total Plate Counts of Surface Microflora of Whole Cantaloupe and Determining Efficacy of Washing Treatments†." Journal of Food Protection 64, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.6.813.
Full textAbstract:
The surface microflora of cantaloupes were estimated using a bioluminescence ATP assay, and results were compared to plate count data. Cantaloupes were treated as follows: (i) water washed, or (ii) washed in solutions of sodium hypochlorite (1,000 mg/liter) or hydrogen peroxide (5%) for 5 min. Bioluminescence ATP assay results showed differences in ATP level/cm2 of cantaloupes dipped in chlorine or hydrogen peroxide solution; ATP levels in these washed samples were lower than in controls due to antimicrobial action of the treatments on the cantaloupe surface. Linear correlations were found between the bioluminescence ATP assay and aerobic plate counts of unwashed cantaloupe (r2 = 0.995) and those washed with water (r2 = 0.990) determined before storage. Lower correlations between the bioluminescence ATP assay and the aerobic plate counts were observed on cantaloupes stored for 120 h at 20°C (r2 = 0.751) than at 4°C (r2 = 0.980) without washing treatment. Lower correlation at 20°C may be the result of clusters or growth that occurred in chains. ATP levels of washed cantaloupes correlated well with bacterial plate counts (r2 = 0.999). A reliable minimum detectable threshold using the bioluminescence ATP assay was established at 3 log10 fg/cm2 corresponding to 4 log10 CFU/cm2. Bioluminescence ATP assay is not recommended for washed samples where the microbial load is near or below the threshold. Therefore, the bioluminescence ATP assay will be recommended for quick estimation of total microbial load on cantaloupe surfaces where the population is expected to exceed this threshold. The assay can save the industry time by eliminating the required incubation required by the conventional methods.
12
CASTILLO, A., I. MERCADO, L. M. LUCIA, Y. MARTÍNEZ-RUIZ, J. PONCE de LEÓN, E. A. MURANO, and G. R. ACUFF. "Salmonella Contamination during Production of Cantaloupe: A Binational Study." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 4 (April 1, 2004): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.4.713.
Full textAbstract:
Six cantaloupe farms and packing plants in South Texas (950 cantaloupe, 140 water, and 45 environmental samples), including the Rio Grande Valley area, and three farms in Colima State, Mexico (300 cantaloupe, 45 water, and 15 environmental samples), were sampled to evaluate cantaloupe contamination with Salmonella and Escherichia coli during production and processing. Samples collected from external surfaces of cantaloupes, water, and the environments of packing sheds on cantaloupe farms were examined for the presence of Salmonella and E. coli. Of a total of 1,735 samples collected, 31 (1.8%) tested positive for Salmonella. Fifteen Salmonella serotypes were isolated from samples collected in Texas, and nine from samples collected in Colima. Two serotypes (Poona and Oranienburg) that have been associated with three large Salmonella outbreaks in the United States and Canada linked to the consumption of contaminated cantaloupe were found in water samples collected at four farms (three from the United States). Susceptibility of Salmonella isolates to 10 antimicrobials was evaluated by disk diffusion. Eighty-eight percent of the isolates from the United States and Mexico were pansusceptible to the antimicrobials tested; eight isolates from the United States demonstrated an intermediate susceptibility to streptomycin and only two isolates were resistant to the same antimicrobial. From Mexico, four isolates showed an intermediate susceptibility to streptomycin and one isolate was resistant to nalidixic acid and streptomycin. Repetitive sequence-based PCR analysis of Salmonella isolates helped to trace potential sources of Salmonella contamination in source water and in subsequent water samples obtained after the filtration systems of U.S. and Mexican cantaloupe farms. No differences could be seen between the levels of Salmonella contamination in melons from both countries.
13
UKUKU, DIKE O., and WILLIAM F. FETT. "Relationship of Cell Surface Charge and Hydrophobicity to Strength of Attachment of Bacteria to Cantaloupe Rind†." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 1093–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.7.1093.
Full textAbstract:
The cantaloupe melon has been associated with outbreaks of Salmonella infections. It is suspected that bacterial surface charge and hydrophobicity may affect bacterial attachment and complicate bacterial detachment from cantaloupe surfaces. The surface charge and hydrophobicity of strains of Salmonella, Escherichia coli (O157:H7 and non-O157:H7), and Listeria monocytogenes were determined by electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, respectively. Initial bacterial attachment to cantaloupe surfaces and the ability of bacteria to resist removal by washing with water were compared with surface charge and hydrophobicity. Whole cantaloupes were submerged in inocula containing individual strains or in cocktails containing Salmonella, E. coli, and L. monocytogenes, either as a mixture of strains containing all three genera or as a mixture of strains belonging to a single genus, for 10 min. Inoculated cantaloupes were dried for 1 h in a biosafety cabinet and then stored for up to 7 days at 4°C. Inoculated melons were washed with water, and bacteria still attached to the melon surface, as well as those in the wash water, were enumerated. Initial bacterial attachment was highest for individual strains of E. coli and lowest for L. monocytogenes, but Salmonella exhibited the strongest attachment on days 0, 3, and 7. When mixed-genus cocktails were used, the relative degrees of attachment of the three genera ware altered. The attachment of Salmonella strains was the strongest, but the attachment of E. coli was more extensive than that of L. monocytogenes on days 0, 3, and 7. There was a linear correlation between bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity (r2 = 0.767), negative charge (r2 = 0.738), and positive charge (r2 = 0.724) and the strength of bacterial attachment to cantaloupe surfaces.
14
Williams, Ian C. "Cantaloupe." Minnesota review 2019, no. 92 (2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00265667-7329248.
Full text
15
Singh, Jashbir, Rita Metrani, Guddadarangavvanahally K. Jayaprakasha, Kevin M. Crosby, Sadhana Ravishankar, and Bhimanagouda S. Patil. "Multivariate Analysis of Amino Acids and Health Beneficial Properties of Cantaloupe Varieties Grown in Six Locations in the United States." Plants 9, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9091058.
Full textAbstract:
Cantaloupe is a good dietary source of amino acids, including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamine, and citrulline. However, the levels of these amino acids vary among different cantaloupe varieties grown in different locations. Understanding the variation in amino acid contents provides fundamentally important information for quality control and improving melon varieties. To examine this variation, we measured the amino acid contents in cantaloupes grown in six locations in the United States (Texas, Georgia, North Carolina, California, Indiana, and Arizona). Principal component analyses were applied to analyze the effect of growing location on the amino acid profiles in different varieties. The GABA content ranged from 1006.14 ± 64.77 to 3187.12 ± 64.96 µg/g and citrulline ranged from 92.65 ± 9.52 to 464.75 ± 34.97 µg/g depending on the variety and location. Total phenolic contents, α-amylase inhibition, and antioxidant activities were also measured. Tuscan type Da Vinci had significantly higher phenolic contents in Arizona (381.99 ± 16.21 µg/g) but had the lowest level when grown in California (224.56 ± 14.62 µg/g). Our analyses showed significant differences in amino acid levels, phenolics contents, and antioxidant activity in the cantaloupe varieties based on the growing location. These findings underline the importance of considering growing location in the selection and improvement of cantaloupe varieties.
16
UKUKU, DIKE O., and WILLIAM FETT. "Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes Inoculated on Cantaloupe Surfaces and Efficacy of Washing Treatments To Reduce Transfer from Rind to Fresh-Cut Pieces†." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 924–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.6.924.
Full textAbstract:
Attachment and survival of Listeria monocytogenes on external surfaces (rind) of inoculated cantaloupe, resistance of the surviving bacteria to chlorine or hydrogen peroxide treatments, transfer of the pathogen from unsanitized and sanitized rinds to fresh-cut tissues during cutting and growth, and survival of L. monocytogenes on fresh-cut pieces of cantaloupe were investigated. Surface treatment with 70% ethanol to reduce the native microflora on treated melon, followed by immersion in a four-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes (108 CFU/ml) for 10 min, deposited 4.2 log10 CFU/cm2 and 3.5 log10 CFU/cm2 of L. monocytogenes on treated and untreated cantaloupe rinds, respectively. L. monocytogenes survived on the treated or untreated cantaloupe rinds for up to 15 days during storage at 4 and 20°C, but populations declined by approximately 1 to 2 log10 CFU/cm2. Fresh-cut pieces prepared from inoculated whole cantaloupes stored at 4°C for 24 h after inoculation were positive for L. monocytogenes. Washing inoculated whole cantaloupes in solutions containing 1,000 ppm of chlorine or 5% hydrogen peroxide for 2 min at 1 to 15 days of storage at 4°C after inoculation resulted in a 2.0-to 3.5-log reduction in L. monocytogenes on the melon surface. Fresh-cut pieces prepared from the sanitized melons were negative for L. monocytogenes. After direct inoculation onto fresh-cut pieces, L. monocytogenes survived, but did not grow, during 15 days of storage at 4°C. Growth was evident by 4 h of storage at 8 and 20°C. It is concluded that sanitizing with chlorine or hydrogen peroxide has the potential to reduce or eliminate the transfer of L. monocytogenes on melon surfaces to fresh-cut pieces during cutting.
17
ALVARADO-CASILLAS, S., L. S. IBARRA-SÁNCHEZ, N. E. MARTÍNEZ-GONZÁLES, M. O. RODRÍGUEZ-GARCÍA, and A. CASTILLO. "Validation of a Washing and Sanitizing Procedure for Cantaloupes at a Mexican Packing Facility." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.2.362.
Full textAbstract:
In-plant validation of an alternative washing and sanitizing method was conducted at a cantaloupe packing operation in Mexico. This method consisted of a spray water wash followed by spraying warm (55 to 60°C) 2% l-lactic acid solution and was compared with the existing method of spray washing the melons with tap water followed by immersion in a chlorinated water tank. Surface samples (100 cm2) were collected from 160 melons subjected to each processing method and tested for counts of aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and Escherichia coli. The aerobic plate counts from cantaloupes washed in the dump tank ranged from 3.6 to 5.2 log CFU/cm2 and were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those from melons treated with the alternative spray method, which ranged from 1.8 to 2.6 log CFU/cm2. Coliform counts for cantaloupes treated in the dump tank were 0.2 to 2.2 log CFU/cm2 and were below the detection level (−6.0 log CFU/cm2) on cantaloupes treated by the spray method. Growth of E. coli was observed in 2.5% of the samples of cantaloupes treated in the dump tank and in none of the samples of cantaloupes treated by lactic acid spray (P < 0.05). These results support the elimination of dump tanks in cantaloupe packing operations established by the Mexican government for certification of firms exporting cantaloupes to the United States. When a sanitizer is to be applied to the product, lactic acid seems to be a viable option, at least for products such as cantaloupes whose quality is not affected by an acid wash.
18
UKUKU, DIKE O., XUETONG FAN, and MICHAEL F. KOZEMPEL. "Effect of Vacuum-Steam-Vacuum Treatment on Microbial Quality of Whole and Fresh-Cut Cantaloupe†." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 1623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.7.1623.
Full textAbstract:
Minimally processed fruits and vegetables have a limited shelf life because of deterioration caused by spoilage microflora and physiological processes. Cutting may increase microbial spoilage of fruits through transfer of microflora on the outer surfaces to the interior tissue. The objectives of this study were to use the vacuum-steam-vacuum (VSV) process to reduce indigenous spoilage microflora on the surface of cantaloupes and to investigate the effects of such treatments on transfer of spoilage microflora from the cantaloupe surface to the fresh-cut melon during rind removal and cutting. Whole cantaloupes were treated in the VSV processor, and fresh-cut pieces prepared from treated and control samples were stored at 5 and 10°C for up to 9 days. Presence and growth of mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and molds, and Pseudomonas spp. were determined in fresh-cut samples during storage. Texture and color (CIE L*, a*, and b*) also were measured during storage. VSV treatment resulted in a 1.0-log reduction of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, a 2.0-log reduction of yeasts and molds, and a 1.5-log reduction of Pseudomonas spp. on cantaloupe surfaces. VSV treatment significantly reduced transfer of yeasts and molds and Pseudomonas spp. from whole cantaloupe surface to fresh-cut pieces during preparation (P < 0.05). Texture and color of the fresh-cut pieces prepared from the VSV-treated whole melons were similar to those of the controls. The results of this study indicate that the use of the VSV process to reduce the surface populations of yeasts and molds and Pseudomonas spp. on whole cantaloupes will reduce subsequent transfer of these microbes to fresh-cut pieces and enhance the microbial quality of the fresh-cut product.
19
SHARMA, MANAN, JITENDRA R. PATEL, WILLIAM S. CONWAY, SEAN FERGUSON, and ALEXANDER SULAKVELIDZE. "Effectiveness of Bacteriophages in Reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Fresh-Cut Cantaloupes and Lettuce†." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 7 (July 1, 2009): 1481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.7.1481.
Full textAbstract:
Consumption of produce contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 has resulted in cases of foodborne illness. We determined the efficacy of a mixture of three E. coli O157:H7–specific bacteriophages (ECP-100) in reducing the number of viable E. coli O157:H7 on contaminated fresh-cut iceberg lettuce and cantaloupe. E. coli O157:H7 was spot inoculated on lettuce pieces (9 cm2) with a population of 3.76 log CFU/cm2, allowed to dry, and then sprayed with a control (phosphate-buffered saline) or ECP-100 to deliver 7.98 log PFU/cm2 to lettuce stored for 2 days at 4°C. Cut pieces of cantaloupe were spot inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 (4.55 log CFU/ml) and treated with the control or ECP-100 (6.69 log PFU/ml), and then stored at 4 or 20°C for up to 7 days. On days 0, 2, 5, and 7, cantaloupe samples were homogenized, and populations of E. coli O157:H7 were enumerated. Populations of E. coli O157:H7 on lettuce treated with ECP-100 on 0, 1, and 2 days (0.72, <0.22, and 0.58 log CFU/cm2 of lettuce) and stored at 4°C were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those treated with the control (2.64, 1.79, and 2.22 log CFU/cm2), respectively. Populations on cut cantaloupes treated with ECP-100 on days 2, 5, and 7 (0.77, 1.28, and 0.96 log CFU/ml) and stored at 4°C were significantly lower than those cut cantaloupes treated with the control (3.34, 3.23, and 4.09 log CFU/ml), respectively. This study is the first to show the effectiveness of bacteriophages to reduce E. coli O157:H7 on fresh-cut lettuce and cantaloupes.
20
UKUKU, DIKE O., LIHAN HUANG, and CHRISTOPHER SOMMERS. "Efficacy of Sanitizer Treatments on Survival and Growth Parameters of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes on Fresh-Cut Pieces of Cantaloupe during Storage†." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 7 (July 1, 2015): 1288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-233.
Full textAbstract:
For health reasons, people are consuming fresh-cut fruits with or without minimal processing and, thereby, exposing themselves to the risk of foodborne illness if such fruits are contaminated with bacterial pathogens. This study investigated survival and growth parameters of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and aerobic mesophilic bacteria transferred from cantaloupe rind surfaces to fresh-cut pieces during fresh-cut preparation. All human bacterial pathogens inoculated on cantaloupe rind surfaces averaged ~4.8 log CFU/cm2, and the populations transferred to fresh-cut pieces before washing treatments ranged from 3 to 3.5 log CFU/g for all pathogens. A nisin-based sanitizer developed in our laboratory and chlorinated water at 1,000 mg/liter were evaluated for effectiveness in minimizing transfer of bacterial populations from cantaloupe rind surface to fresh-cut pieces. Inoculated and uninoculated cantaloupes were washed for 5 min before fresh-cut preparation and storage of fresh-cut pieces at 5 and 10°C for 15 days and at 22°C for 24 h. In fresh-cut pieces from cantaloupe washed with chlorinated water, only Salmonella was found (0.9 log CFU/g), whereas E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes were positive only by enrichment. The nisin-based sanitizer prevented transfer of human bacteria from melon rind surfaces to fresh-cut pieces, and the populations in fresh-cut pieces were below detection even by enrichment. Storage temperature affected survival and the growth rate for each type of bacteria on fresh-cut cantaloupe. Specific growth rates of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes in fresh-cut pieces were similar, whereas the aerobic mesophilic bacteria grew 60 to 80% faster and had shorter lag phases.
21
UKUKU, DIKE O., and WILLIAM F. FETT. "Effects of Cell Surface Charge and Hydrophobicity on Attachment of 16 Salmonella Serovars to Cantaloupe Rind and Decontamination with Sanitizers†." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 1835–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.8.1835.
Full textAbstract:
Adherence of bacteria to cantaloupe rind is favored by surface irregularities such as roughness, crevices, and pits, thus reducing the ability of washing or sanitizer treatments to remove or inactivate attached cells. In this study, we compared the surface charge and hydrophobicity of two cantaloupe-related outbreak strains of Salmonella Poona (RM2350 and G-91-1595) to those of 14 additional Salmonella strains using electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The relative abilities of the 16 strains to attach to cantaloupe surfaces and resist removal by washing with water, chlorine (200 ppm), or hydrogen peroxide (2.5%) for 5 min after a storage period of up to 7 days at 5 to 20°C also were determined. Whole cantaloupes were inoculated with each pathogen at 8.36 log CFU/ml, dried for 1 h inside a biosafety cabinet, stored, and then subjected to the washing treatments. Only the positive surface charge of the two cantaloupe-related strains of Salmonella Poona was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the other strains. Initial bacterial attachment to cantaloupe surfaces ranged from 3.68 to 4.56 log CFU/cm2 (highest values for Salmonella Michigan, Newport, Oranienburg, and Mbandaka). The average percentage of the total bacterial population strongly attached to the cantaloupe surface for the Salmonella serovars studied ranged from 0.893 to 0.946 at 5°C and from 0.987 to 0.999 at 25°C. Washing inoculated melons with water did not produce a significant reduction in the concentration of the pathogens (P > 0.05). Chlorine and hydrogen peroxide treatments caused an average 3-log reduction when applied 20 to 40 min postinoculation. However, sanitizer treatments applied 60 min or more postinoculation were less effective (approximately 2.5-log reduction). No significant differences were noted in sanitizer efficacy against the individual strains (P > 0.05). The two cantaloupe-related outbreak Salmonella Poona strains did not significantly differ from the other Salmonella strains tested in negative cell surface charge or hydrophobicity, were not more effective in attaching to whole melon surfaces, and were not more resistant to the various washing treatments when present on rinds.
22
ESPINOZA-MEDINA, I. E., F. J. RODRÍGUEZ-LEYVA, I. VARGAS-ARISPURO, M. A. ISLAS-OSUNA, E. ACEDO-FÉLIX, and M. A. MARTÍNEZ-TÉLLEZ. "PCR Identification of Salmonella: Potential Contamination Sources from Production and Postharvest Handling of Cantaloupes." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.6.1422.
Full textAbstract:
Salmonella is one of the most frequently reported etiological agents in outbreaks of foodborne diseases associated with the consumption of cantaloupes. Sensitive and reliable methods for detecting and identifying foodborne microorganisms are needed. The PCR can be used to amplify specific DNA fragments and thus to detect and identify pathogenic bacteria. In this study, a PCR method was used to evaluate the incidence of Salmonella at cantaloupe production, harvest, and packaging steps, and the results were compared with those of the standard method for detection of Salmonella in foods (Mexican NOM-114-SSA1-1994). Salmonella was detected by both standard and PCR methods in 23.5% of the irrigation water samples but only by the PCR method in 9.1% of the groundwater samples, 4.8% of the chlorinated water samples, 16.7% of samples from the hands of packing workers, 20.6% of samples from the packed cantaloupes, and 25.7% of samples from the in-field cantaloupes. With the standard method, Salmonella was found in 8.3% of the crop soil samples. Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference in sensitivity (P <0.05) between the two methods; the PCR method was 4.3 times more sensitive than the standard method. Salmonella was found at seven of the eight points evaluated during the production and postharvest handling of cantaloupe melons.
23
KAUR, SIMRAN, DAVID J. SMITH, and MARK T. MORGAN. "Chloroxyanion Residue Quantification in Cantaloupes Treated with Chlorine Dioxide Gas." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 9 (September 1, 2015): 1708–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-576.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies show that treatment of cantaloupes with chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas at 5 mg/liter for 10 min results in a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in initial microflora, an increase in shelf life without any alteration in color, and a 4.6- and 4.3-log reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes, respectively. However, this treatment could result in the presence of chloroxyanion residues, such as chloride (Cl−), chlorite (ClO2−), chlorate (ClO3−), and perchlorate (ClO4−), which, apart from chloride, are a toxicity concern. Radiolabeled chlorine dioxide (36ClO2) gas was used to describe the identity and distribution of chloroxyanion residues in or on cantaloupe subsequent to fumigation with ClO2 gas at a mean concentration of 5.1 ± 0.7 mg/liter for 10 min. Each treated cantaloupe was separated into rind, flesh, and mixed (rind and flesh) sections, which were blended and centrifuged to give the corresponding sera fractions. Radioactivity detected, ratio of radioactivity to mass of chlorite in initial ClO2 gas generation reaction, and distribution of chloroxyanions in serum samples were used to calculate residue concentrations in flesh, rind, and mixed samples. Anions detected on the cantaloupe were Cl− (~90%) and ClO3− (~10%), located primarily in the rind (19.3 ± 8.0 μg of Cl−/g of rind and 4.8 ± 2.3 μg of ClO3−/g of rind, n = 6). Cantaloupe flesh (~200 g) directly exposed to 36ClO2 gas treatment showed the presence of only Cl− residues (8.1 ± 1.0 μg of Cl−/g of flesh, n = 3). Results indicate chloroxyanion residues Cl− and ClO3− are only present on the rind of whole cantaloupes treated with ClO2 gas. However during cutting, residues may be transferred to the fruit flesh. Because Cl− is not toxic, only ClO3− would be a toxicity concern, but the levels transferred from rind to flesh are very low. In the case of fruit flesh directly exposed to ClO2 gas, only nontoxic Cl− was detected. This indicates that ClO2 gas that comes into contact with edible flesh would not pose a health concern.
24
DUFFY, E. A., L. M. LUCIA, J. M. KELLS, A. CASTILLO, S. D. PILLAI, and G. R. ACUFF. "Concentrations of Escherichia coli and Genetic Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Profiling of Salmonella Isolated from Irrigation Water, Packing Shed Equipment, and Fresh Produce in Texas." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.1.70.
Full textAbstract:
Fresh produce has been repeatedly implicated as a vehicle in the transmission of foodborne gastroenteritis. In an effort to assess the risk factors involved in the contamination of fresh produce with pathogenic bacteria, a total of 1,257 samples were collected from cantaloupe, oranges, and parsley (both in the field and after processing) and from the environment (i.e., irrigation water, soil, equipment, etc.). Samples were collected twice per season from two production farms per commodity and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli. E. coli was detected on all types of commodities (cantaloupe, oranges, and parsley), in irrigation water, and on equipment surfaces. A total of 25 Salmonella isolates were found: 16 from irrigation water, 6 from packing shed equipment, and 3 from washed cantaloupes. Salmonella was not detected on oranges or parsley. Serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) assays were applied to all Salmonella isolates to evaluate the genetic diversity of the isolates and to determine relationships between sources of contamination. Using PFGE, Salmonella isolates obtained from irrigation water and equipment were determined to be different from cantaloupe isolates; however, DNA fingerprinting did not conclusively define relationships between contamination sources. All Salmonella isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method, and 20% (5 of 25) of the isolates had intermediate sensitivity to streptomycin. One Salmonella isolate from cantaloupe was resistant to streptomycin.
25
Kermiche, F., L. Boulekbache –Makhlouf, M. Félix, L. Harkat-Madouri, H. Remini, K. Madani, and A. Romero. "Effects of the incorporation of cantaloupe pulp in yogurt: Physicochemical, phytochemical and rheological properties." Food Science and Technology International 24, no. 7 (May 17, 2018): 585–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013218776701.
Full textAbstract:
The therapeutic effects of cantaloupe are of great interest for the development of functional foods such as yogurt. In this study a new dairy product has been formulated by enriching natural yogurt with fruit cantaloupe (yogurt with cantaloupe puree, yogurt with dry cantaloupe and yogurt with dry cantaloupe and cantaloupe puree). Thus, composition (moisture, ash, lipids, proteins), including amino acid contents, lactic flora as well as rheological (viscoelasticity, viscosity) property of cantaloupe yogurt and natural yogurt is assessed. In addition, pH value, water holding capacity and antioxidant activity (reducing power) are measured over refrigerated storage time. There are significant differences between natural yogurt and cantaloupe yogurt in almost all parameters. The results show that the pH decreases during the storage period and the antioxidant activity as well as the water holding capacity are more remarkable in the yogurt with dry cantaloupe at the 14th and the 28th day of storage, respectively. The addition of cantaloupe in natural yogurt ameliorates the load of lactic flora and modifies the rheological property of the new products. The results of the current study show that the addition of cantaloupe to yogurt significantly improved its quality.
26
UKUKU, DIKE O., and WILLIAM F. FETT. "Method of Applying Sanitizers and Sample Preparation Affects Recovery of Native Microflora and Salmonella on Whole Cantaloupe Surfaces†." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 999–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.5.999.
Full textAbstract:
Standardized methods for applying sanitizer treatments to cantaloupes and for recovering surviving native microflora or Salmonella on inoculated cantaloupe after sanitizing are lacking. Accordingly, the objectives of this study were to compare four methods for applying sanitizers (dipping, dipping with rotation, dipping with agitation, and dipping with rubbing) using 200 ppm of chlorine or 5% H2O2, two recovery methods (homogenization of rind plugs in a stomacher or blender), and five selective recovery media for Salmonella. Whole cantaloupes were submerged in a cocktail of five strains of Salmonella (each at approximately 2 × 108 CFU/ml) for 10 min and allowed to dry for 1 h inside a biosafety cabinet and stored at 20° C for approximately 23 h before sanitizing. The recovery of Salmonella from whole cantaloupe without sanitizing averaged 5.09 log CFU/cm2 by blending and 4.30 log CFU/cm2 by homogenization in a stomacher for the five selective agar media. Microbial populations ( Salmonella or the indigenous aerobic mesophilic bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., and yeast and mold) were not significantly (P > 0.05) reduced by treating with water regardless of the treatment method used. Sanitizing with chlorine or H2O2 by dipping, with or without rotation for 2 min, also did not reduce microbial populations. However, populations of all classes of native microflora and Salmonella were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by sanitizer treatments (2 min) applied with agitation or by rubbing. In general, sanitizer treatments applied by rubbing resulted in greater log reductions (by up to 1.7 log unit) than for treatments applied with agitation. Populations of native microflora and Salmonella recovered from cantaloupe were higher (by up to 1.8 log unit) by blending compared to homogenization in a stomacher. In most instances, selective media used did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) for recovery of Salmonella after washing treatments.
27
Tian, Yanli, Yuqiang Zhao, Xuezi Chen, Yuanfeng Dai, Wenjun Zhao, Baishi Hu, and R. R. Walcott. "Evidence for a Novel Phylotype of Pseudomonas syringae Causing Bacterial Leaf Blight of Cantaloupe in China." Plant Disease 101, no. 10 (October 2017): 1746–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-17-0110-re.
Full textAbstract:
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) has caused severe yield losses in cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) in the major melon-growing regions of China since the beginning of the twentieth century. Historically, Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans was considered to be the causal agent of BLB of cantaloupe and angular leaf spot of cucumber. In the process of characterizing bacteria isolated from cantaloupe, we observed that putative P. syringae pv. lachrymans yielded negative results in P. syringae pv. lachrymans-specific PCR assays. This suggested that the P. syringae pv. lachrymans-like strains from cantaloupe were distinct from those recovered from cucumber. To investigate the differences between P. syringae pv. lachrymans-like strains isolated from cantaloupe and cucumber, 13 P. syringae strains isolated from cantaloupe [12 from China and 1 from Zimbabwe (NCPPB2916)] and 7 additional P. syringae reference strains were analyzed by catabolic profiling, phylogenetic analysis by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and pathogenicity tests on cantaloupe leaflets. Catabolic profiling and MLSA based on 10 housekeeping genes and 2 hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) genes allowed us to differentiate strains isolated from cantaloupe and cucumber. Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans strains isolated from cucumber clustered with genomospecies 2, and 13 P. syringae strains isolated from cantaloupe belonged to genomospecies 1. While all cantaloupe strains were closely related to P. syringae pv. aptata, they could be differentiated from this pathovar based on metabolic tests and MLSA. Pathogenicity tests showed that all strains isolated from cantaloupe and cucumber were only pathogenic on their original hosts. Based on these observations we conclude that P. syringae pv. lachrymans strains recovered from cantaloupe in China represent a novel phylotype.
28
MUNNOCH, S. A., K. WARD, S. SHERIDAN, G. J. FITZSIMMONS, C. T. SHADBOLT, J. P. PIISPANEN, Q. WANG, et al. "A multi-state outbreak of Salmonella Saintpaul in Australia associated with cantaloupe consumption." Epidemiology and Infection 137, no. 3 (June 18, 2008): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268808000861.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYA multi-state outbreak of Salmonella enterica serovar Saintpaul infection occurred in Australia during October 2006. A case-control study conducted in three affected jurisdictions, New South Wales, Victoria and Australian Capital Territory, included 36 cases with the outbreak-specific strain of S. Saintpaul identified by multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) in a faecal specimen and 106 controls. Consumption of cantaloupe (rockmelon) was strongly associated with illness (adjusted OR 23·9 95%, 95% CI 5·1–112·4). S. Saintpaul, with the outbreak MLVA profile, was detected on the skin of two cantaloupes obtained from an implicated retailer. Trace-back investigations did not identify the specific source of the outbreak strain of S. Saintpaul, but multiple Salmonella spp. were detected in environmental samples from farms and packing plants investigated during the trace-back operation. Cantaloupe production and processing practices pose a potential public health threat requiring regulatory and community educational interventions.
29
Gao, Li Li, Zhen Hong Jia, Xi Zhong Qin, Xiao Hui Huang, and Yong Bo Yao. "A Non-Destructive Method Based on QPSO-RBF for the Measurement of Sugar Content in Cantaloupe." Advanced Materials Research 571 (September 2012): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.505.
Full textAbstract:
A nondestructive measurement approach is presented in this paper, which is capable of determining sugar content in cantaloupe from the dielectric property. The approach is based on measured equivalent capacitance and equivalent resistance of the cantaloupe, and on data analysis using quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) and Grey radial basis function (RBF) neural network. First, accumulated generating operation (AGO) in Grey forecasting is used to convert the initial observed data to obtain the accumulated data with strong regularity, which are employed to model and train the radial basis function neural network. Second, it adopted quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm to train the centers and widths of radial basis function. This model not only prevented the problem that the parameters of neural network are hard to be tuned, but also improved the network precision of prediction. Experimental results revealed that the predictive model as proposed has good predictive effect for the measurement of sugar in cantaloupes.
30
Morris, Cindy E., Catherine Glaux, Xavier Latour, Louis Gardan, Régine Samson, and Michel Pitrat. "The Relationship of Host Range, Physiology, and Genotype to Virulence on Cantaloupe in Pseudomonas syringae from Cantaloupe Blight Epidemics in France." Phytopathology® 90, no. 6 (June 2000): 636–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2000.90.6.636.
Full textAbstract:
In 1993, a bacterial blight caused important losses of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis) in southwestern France and has now been reported in all cantaloupe-growing regions of France. The causal agent of this blight is Pseudomonas syringae, although on a worldwide basis this bacterium has not been a major pathogen of melon for over 50 years. To identify the pathovar of the cantaloupe pathogen, we employed biochemical tests, plasmid and chromosomal profiling, and host range studies for 23 strains from cantaloupe and 47 reference strains of 14 pathovars of P. syringae. Numerical analysis of 119 traits, serological typing, syringomycin production, and BOX-polymerase chain reaction profiles did not allow us to differentiate among pathovars related to P. syringae pv. syringae. Host range studies of cantaloupe and references strains on 18 plant species showed that virulence to sugar beet was a common feature of strains virulent on cantaloupe, but was not common to strains avirulent on cantaloupe. Virulence to other species of plants varied among strains, but the overall extent of the host range was proportional to aggressiveness to cantaloupe. We propose that the strains attacking cantaloupe in France be considered P. syringae pv. aptata and that adequate host range testing may reveal that this pathovar is the cause of cantaloupe blight reported in other parts of the world.
31
FAN, XUETONG, BASSAM A. ANNOUS, KIMBERLY J. B. SOKORAI, ANGELA BURKE, and JAMES P. MATTHEIS. "Combination of Hot-Water Surface Pasteurization of Whole Fruit and Low-Dose Gamma Irradiation of Fresh-Cut Cantaloupe†." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 912–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.4.912.
Full textAbstract:
Improvements in methods for disinfecting fresh-cut cantaloupe could reduce spoilage losses and reduce the risk of food-borne illness from human pathogen contamination. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using hot-water treatment in combination with low-dose irradiation to reduce native microbial populations while maintaining the quality of fresh-cut cantaloupe. Whole cantaloupes were washed in tap water at 20 or 76°C for 3 min. Fresh-cut cantaloupe cubes, prepared from the washed fruit, were then packaged in clamshell containers, and half the samples were exposed to 0.5 kGy of gamma radiation. Native microflora populations and sensory qualities were evaluated during the subsequent 7 days of storage at 4°C. The hot-water surface pasteurization reduced the microflora population by 3.3 log on the surface of whole fruits, resulting in a lower microbial load on the fresh-cut cubes compared with cubes cut from fruit treated with cold water. Irradiation of cubes prepared from untreated fruit to an absorbed dose of 0.5 kGy achieved a low microbial load similar to that of cubes prepared from hot-water-treated fruit. The combination of the two treatments was able to further reduce the microflora population. During storage, the headspace atmosphere of the packages was not significantly influenced by any of the treatments. Color, titratable acidity, pH, ascorbic acid, firmness, and drip loss were not consistently affected by treatment with irradiation, hot water, or the combination of the two. Cubes prepared from hot-water-treated whole fruit had slightly lower soluble solids content. The combination of hot-water pasteurization of whole cantaloupe and low-dose irradiation of packaged fresh-cut melon can reduce the population of native microflora while maintaining the quality of this product.
32
UKUKU, DIKE O., and GERALD M. SAPERS. "Effect of Sanitizer Treatments on Salmonella Stanley Attached to the Surface of Cantaloupe and Cell Transfer to Fresh-Cut Tissues during Cutting Practices†." Journal of Food Protection 64, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 1286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.9.1286.
Full textAbstract:
The ability of Salmonella Stanley to attach and survive on cantaloupe surfaces, its in vivo response to chlorine or hydrogen peroxide treatments, and subsequent transfer to the interior tissue during cutting was investigated. Cantaloupes were immersed in an inoculum containing Salmonella Stanley (108 CFU/ml) for 10 min and then stored at 4 or 20°C for up to 5 days. Periodically, the inoculated melons were washed with chlorine (1,000 ppm) or hydrogen peroxide (5%), and fresh-cut tissues were prepared. The incidence of Salmonella Stanley transfer from the rinds to the fresh-cut tissues during cutting practices was determined. A population of 3.8 log10 CFU/cm2 of Salmonella Stanley was recovered from the inoculated rinds. No significant (P < 0.05) reduction of the attached Salmonella population was observed on cantaloupe surfaces stored at 4 or 20°C for up to 5 days, and the population was not reduced after washing with water. Salmonella Stanley was recovered in fresh-cut pieces prepared from inoculated whole cantaloupes with no sanitizer treatment. Washing with chlorine or hydrogen peroxide solutions was most effective immediately after inoculation, resulting in an approximate 3.0-log10 CFU/cm2 reduction, and the level of recovered Salmonella population transferred to fresh-cut samples was reduced to below detection. The effectiveness of both treatments diminished when inoculated cantaloupes stored at 4 or 20°C for more than 3 days were analyzed, and the fresh-cut pieces prepared from such melons were Salmonella positive. Salmonella outgrowth occurred on inoculated fresh-cut cubes stored above 4°C.
33
UKUKU, DIKE O., MODESTO OLANYA, DAVID J. GEVEKE, and CHRISTOPHER H. SOMMERS. "Effect of Native Microflora, Waiting Period, and Storage Temperature on Listeria monocytogenes Serovars Transferred from Cantaloupe Rind to Fresh-Cut Pieces during Preparation†." Journal of Food Protection 75, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 1912–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-191.
Full textAbstract:
The most recent outbreak of listeriosis linked to consumption of fresh-cut cantaloupes indicates the need to investigate the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in the presence of native microflora of cantaloupe pieces during storage. Whole cantaloupes were inoculated with L. monocytogenes (108-CFU/ml suspension) for 10 min and air dried in a biosafety cabinet for 1 h and then treated (unwashed, water washed, and 2.5% hydrogen peroxide washed). Fresh-cut pieces (~3 cm) prepared from these melons were left at 5 and 10°C for 72 h and room temperature (20°C) for 48 h. Some fresh-cut pieces were left at 20°C for 2 and 4 h and then refrigerated at 5°C. Microbial populations of fresh-cut pieces were determined by the plate count method or enrichment method immediately after preparation. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast and mold of whole melon, and inoculated populations of L. monocytogenes on cantaloupe rind surfaces averaged 6.4, 3.3, and 4.6 log CFU/cm2, respectively. Only H2O2 (2.5%) treatment reduced the aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast and mold, and L. monocytogenes populations to 3.8, 0.9, and 1.8 log CFU/cm2, respectively. The populations of L. monocytogenes transferred from melon rinds to fresh-cut pieces were below detection but were present by enrichment. Increased storage temperatures enhanced the lag phases and growth of L. monocytogenes. The results of this study confirmed the need to store fresh-cut cantaloupes at 5°C immediately after preparation to enhance the microbial safety of the fruit.
34
García-Salazar, J. Alberto, Rhonda K. Skaggs, and Terry L. Crawford. "Analysis of Strategic Industry Planning and Organizational Opportunities for Mexican Cantaloupe Producers." HortScience 46, no. 3 (March 2011): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.3.439.
Full textAbstract:
Cantaloupe [Cucumis melo (L.)] producers in Mexico's Lagunera region harvest and sell their melons in the Mexican domestic market in June, July, and August. These producers and the larger Mexican cantaloupe industry have been economically battered in recent years by increasing competition in the global cantaloupe market, Salmonella contamination, low per-capita consumption relative to U.S. consumers, and historic supply gluts, which result in low prices and profits. A programming model of the region's cantaloupe industry was used to evaluate the impacts of strategic production planning, storage, or flow-to-market supply management. A 20% reduction in regional cantaloupe supply would increase growers’ profits and release land for use in other cropping activities. Cantaloupe storage and strategic production planning would increase producers’ profits but would require costly infrastructure investments. Organization of the regions’ cantaloupe producers to achieve orderly and strategically planned production and marketing would not require costly infrastructure investments and would increase growers’ profits. U.S. marketing orders for fruit, vegetable, and specialty crops are models under which Lagunera region cantaloupe industry planning and coordination could be effected. U.S. marketing orders have allowed producers to manage supply, promote their product to influence per-capita consumption, and deal with product quality and reliability threats.
35
UKUKU, DIKE O., VLASTA PILIZOTA, and GERALD M. SAPERS. "Effect of Hot Water and Hydrogen Peroxide Treatments on Survival of Salmonella and Microbial Quality of Whole and Fresh-Cut Cantaloupe†." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.3.432.
Full textAbstract:
Cantaloupe melon has been associated with outbreaks of salmonellosis. Contamination might be introduced into the flesh from the rind by cutting or by contact of cut pieces with contaminated rinds. Our objectives were to investigate the efficacy of hot water or hot 5% hydrogen peroxide treatments in reducing the population of native microflora and inoculated Salmonella on cantaloupe rind and transfer to fresh-cut tissue during cutting. Whole cantaloupes, inoculated with a cocktail of Salmonella serovars to give 4.6 log CFU/cm2 and stored at 5 or 20°C for up to 5 days, were treated with hot water (70 or 97°C) or 5% hydrogen peroxide (70°C) for 1 min at 0, 1, 3, or 5 days postinoculation. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria and yeast and mold on treated whole melon and fresh-cut pieces were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by all three treatments. Treatments with hot water (70 and 97°C) caused a 2.0- and 3.4-log CFU/cm2 reduction of Salmonella on whole cantaloupe surfaces irrespective of days of postinoculation storage prior to treatment up to 5 days at 5 or 20°C, respectively. Treatment with 5% hydrogen peroxide (70°C) caused a 3.8-log CFU/cm2 reduction of Salmonella. Fresh-cut pieces prepared from untreated inoculated melons and those treated with 70°C hot water were positive for Salmonella. However, fresh-cut pieces prepared from inoculated whole melon dipped in water (97°C) or hydrogen peroxide (70°C) for 60 s were negative for Salmonella, as determined by dilution plating onto agar medium, but were positive after enrichment at days 3 and 5 of storage at 5°C. The ability to detect Salmonella in fresh-cut pieces was dependent on the initial level of inoculation. The results of this study indicate that the use of hot water (97°C) or heated hydrogen peroxide to reduce the population of Salmonella on contaminated whole cantaloupes will enhance the microbial safety of the fresh-cut product.
36
Nguyen, Lieu Thi Thuy, and Ngoc Si Le. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE HARVESTED MATURITY TO CANTALOUPE QUALITY CUCUMIS MELO L. VAR. RETICULATUS IN SHELFLIFE." Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University 1, no. 25 (June 19, 2019): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35382/18594816.1.25.2017.123.
Full textAbstract:
Maturity harvest, quality and the shelf life of fruits after harvesting have intimate relationships with one another, especially to the climacteric fruit group. Maturity harvest is the most important factor that determines postharvest shelf life and the quality of cantaloupe [1]. There are significant physiological changesbetween immature and mature fruit during the development of cantaloupe that affect the quality of cantaloupe. In this research, Chu Phan cantaloupe was harvested at 26, 29, 32, 35, 38, 41 days after setting fruits. The results showed that the most suitable time for harvesting the cantaloupe wasat 32 days after setting fruits. The average weight of fruit was 1,68 kg, the hardness reached 0,1834 kg/cm2, the brix valued 6° brix, total sugar of 40mg/g, titratable axitityof 0,05%, vitamin C of 41 mg%; and the storage time at 10 ± 1°C has been extended to 21 instead of 15 days to the cantaloupe which was stored at 28 ± 1°C.
37
Eure, Peter M., A. Stanley Culpepper, Rand M. Merchant, Phillip M. Roberts, and Guy C. Collins. "Weed Control, Crop Response, and Profitability When Intercropping Cantaloupe and Cotton." Weed Technology 29, no. 2 (June 2015): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-14-00023.1.
Full textAbstract:
Intercropping cantaloupe and cotton can improve grower profits over traditional monoculture practices because crops share resources and production costs. However, developing effective programs to control weeds with herbicides that are safe to both crops can be challenging. Research was conducted to (1) identify herbicide systems to manage Palmer amaranth in cantaloupe–cotton intercropping production while minimizing crop injury, and (2) determine the profitability of cantaloupe–cotton intercropping. Ethalfluralin applied preplant did not injure cantaloupe or cotton, but Palmer amaranth was not controlled. The addition of fomesafen preplant improved Palmer amaranth control to at least 92% without injuring cotton, but cantaloupe necrosis and chlorosis of up to 20% was recorded. Halosulfuron-methyl was safely applied over cantaloupe, but its residual activity reduced cotton growth by 12% at 4 wk after planting; halosulfuron-methyl did not improve Palmer amaranth control beyond that noted with ethalfluralin plus fomesafen preplant. Intercropping systems that controlled Palmer amaranth at least 92% produced cantaloupe yields (25,760 to 25,890 fruit ha−1) similar to the weed-free monoculture system (24,120 fruit ha−1) but produced lint cotton yields that were 170 to 275 kg ha−1less than the weed-free monoculture cotton system. Although cotton production was less in the intercropping system, the returns over variable costs with intercropping systems ($21,670 to 21,920 ha−1) exceeded those of cantaloupe monoculture ($18,070 ha−1) or cotton monoculture ($1,890 to $1,955 ha−1), as long as Palmer amaranth was controlled. Intercropping cantaloupe and cotton is an effective approach to share land resources and production inputs as well as to improve grower profitability and is being rapidly adopted by Georgia growers.
38
MARTINEZ, MIRA RAKIC, JASON OSBORNE, VICTOR OLADIMEJI JAYEOLA, VERA KATIC, and SOPHIA KATHARIOU. "Capacity of Listeria monocytogenes Strains from the 2011 Cantaloupe Outbreak To Adhere, Survive, and Grow on Cantaloupe." Journal of Food Protection 79, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-498.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The 2011 listeriosis outbreak attributed to whole cantaloupe involved several genetically distinct strains of serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b that had not been previously reported in invasive listeriosis outbreaks. Here we investigated the potential of strains from the 2011 cantaloupe outbreak to adhere, survive, and grow on cantaloupe rind and flesh and in juice extracted from cantaloupe at different temperatures (4, 8, and 25°C). All strains were able to adhere and grow, with ~10-fold increases after 7 days at 4 or 8°C and after 24 h at 25°C, with a propensity for more growth on rind than on flesh or in extract. No significant differences in growth potential were noted among the different strains or between them and unrelated strains from other listeriosis outbreaks involving celery, deli meats, or hot dogs. Similarly to the cantaloupe outbreak strains, these other strains exhibited greater propensity for growth on rind than on flesh or in extract. Rinsing of cantaloupe fragments in sterile water resulted in temporary reductions of the populations by 50- to 100-fold, suggesting the potential of such washing to reduce risk if the produce is promptly consumed. The absence of marked differences in adherence or growth between the cantaloupe outbreak strains and strains from other outbreaks highlights the need to further characterize the 2011 cantaloupe outbreak strains and elucidate potential biological attributes that contributed to their implication in the outbreak.
39
Chayjan, R., H. Agha-Alizade, H. Barikloo, and B. Soleymani. "Modeling Some Drying Characteristics of Cantaloupe Slices." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 45, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10298-012-0009-6.
Full textAbstract:
Modeling Some Drying Characteristics of Cantaloupe Slices This study investigated thin layer drying of cantaloupe slices under different drying conditions with initial moisture content about 18.53 (d.b.). Air temperature levels of 40, 50, 60 and 70°C were applied in drying of samples. Fick's second law in diffusion was applied to compute the effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) of cantaloupe slices. Minimum and maximum values of Deff were 4.05x10-10 and 1.61x10-9 m2/s, respectively. Deff values increased as the input air temperature was increased. Activation energy values of cantaloupe slices were found between 30.43 and 36.23 kJ/mol for 40°C to 70°C, respectively. The specific energy consumption for drying cantaloupe slices was calculated at the boundary of 1.01x105 and 9.55x105 kJ/kg. Increasing in drying air temperature in different air velocities led to increase in specific energy value. Results showed that applying the temperature of 70°C is more effective for convective drying of cantaloupe slices. The aforesaid drying parameters are important to select the best operational point of a dryer and to precise design of the system.
40
Boynton, B. B., C. A. Sims, M. O. Balaban, M. R. Marshall, B. A. Welt, and J. K. Brecht. "Effects of Low-dose Electron Beam Irradiation on Respiration, Microbiology, Color, and Texture of Fresh-cut Cantaloupe." HortTechnology 15, no. 4 (January 2005): 802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.4.0802.
Full textAbstract:
Cantaloupes (Cucumis melo) in three separate trials were cut into 1-inch cubes and irradiated at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, or 1.5 kGy; 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, or 0.7 kGy; and 0, 0.3, 0.6, or 0.9 kGy, respectively. They were then stored in air at 3 °C for up to 20 days, and respiration rate, measured as carbon dioxide (CO2) production, microbiological counts [total plate count (TPC) and yeast and molds], texture, and color were measured during storage. Respiration rates were initially higher in irradiated cantaloupe. After 8 days, respiration was similar between irradiated and control fruit. Irradiation moderated increases in respiration in a dose-dependent manner. Highest irradiation doses resulted in initial TPC reductions of 1.5 log compared to the non-irradiated controls, and also prevented the 2.5 to 3 log TPC increases seen in controls after 10 to 11 days of storage. Texture differed on day 1, when controls were most firm, but irradiation maintained greater firmness than controls after day 7. Irradiation of fresh-cut cantaloupe has potential for shelf life extension and for integration with modified atmosphere packaging systems.
41
Ogbuchiekwe, Edmund J., Milton E. McGiffen, and Mathieu Ngouajio. "Economic Return in Production of Lettuce and Cantaloupe Is Affected by Cropping System and Management Practice." HortScience 39, no. 6 (October 2004): 1319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.6.1319.
Full textAbstract:
Economic analysis compared the returns of cropping systems and management practices for production of fall lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and spring cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) following summer cover crops. The cover crop treatments included: cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] incorporated into the soil in the fall, cowpea used as mulch in the fall, sorghum sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] incorporated into the soil in the fall, and a bare ground control. Lettuce and cantaloupe were managed using conventional, integrated, and organic practices. The effect of each cropping system and management practice on crop yield, cost of production and net return was determined. In 1999 and 2000, yield and net return were greatest for cantaloupe and lettuce when the cowpea cover crop was incorporated into the soil before planting. The effect of crop management practice varied with type of cover crop. When lettuce was planted into cowpea-incorporated treatment in 1999, conventional management had the highest cash return followed by integrated crop management. In 2000, organically-grown lettuce after cowpea incorporated had the highest net return followed by integrated crop management grown under cowpea incorporated treatments. In 1999 and 2000, integrated cantaloupe following cowpea-incorporated treatment had the highest yield and cash-return. A 20% price premium for organic produce increased the net returns for the organic-grown lettuce and cantaloupe. Organic lettuce following cowpea-incorporated treatments produced a high net of $2,516/ha in 1999 and $5,971/ha in 2000. The net returns due to 20% organic premium price varied between 1999 and 2000 in cantaloupe production. They were highest for organic cantaloupe after bareground with a net return of $4,395 in 1999 and $3,148 in 2000 for organic cantaloupe after sudangrass.
42
Uemura, Masayo, Toshiyuki Itoh, Naoki Ishii, Koyu Suzuki, Ryoji Kushima, and Yoshiyuki Fujita. "Cantaloupe melon–like stomach." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 76, no. 4 (October 2012): 910–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2011.09.037.
Full text
43
GALLEGOS-ROBLES, MIGUEL A., ALBERTO MORALES-LOREDO, GENOVEVA ALVAREZ-OJEDA, ADRIÁN VEGA-P., YAZMÍN CHEW-M., SIXTO VELARDE, and PINA FRATAMICO. "Identification of Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Cantaloupe and Chile Pepper Production Systems in Mexico by PCR–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 2217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.11.2217.
Full textAbstract:
A study was conducted in 2006 to determine the prevalence of Salmonella on three cantaloupe farms in Matamoros, Coahuila, Mexico, and on one farm that cultivates chile peppers var. Bell in Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico. Samples from cantaloupe farms consisted of cantaloupe rinses, irrigation water, water from furrows in the field, and workers' hands. Samples from the chile pepper farm consisted of rinses of chile peppers obtained at the field, pepper rinses obtained at the packing house, and irrigation water from the field. A total of 55 samples were obtained from both production systems. Twelve and 10 samples from the cantaloupe and chile pepper production systems, respectively, tested positive for Salmonella according to a traditional culture method. The difference between the proportion of Salmonella-positive samples from the cantaloupe production system (12 of 28 = 0.43) and the chile pepper production system (10 of 27 = 0.37) was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). A PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method based on the fliC gene was used to determine the serotype of the isolates. Salmonella Typhimurium was the only serotype found associated with the cantaloupe production system, whereas both Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis serotypes were found associated with the chile pepper production system. Results showed that 91% (20 of 22) and 9% (2 of 22) of the isolates from both agricultural systems matched with the Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis reference strain restriction profiles, respectively. This study demonstrates the utility of the PCR-RFLP technique for determining the serotypes of Salmonella isolates obtained from cantaloupe and chile pepper production systems.
44
UKUKU, DIKE O., GERALD M. SAPERS, and WILLIAM F. FETT. "ATP Bioluminescence Assay for Estimation of Microbial Populations of Fresh-Cut Melon†." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 2427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.11.2427.
Full textAbstract:
Estimation of microbial numbers in foods by conventional microbiological techniques takes days, so there is a need for faster methods that can give results in minutes. Research was undertaken to investigate the use of bioluminescent ATP determination and a firefly luciferase assay to estimate the initial population of aerobic mesophilic bacteria on fresh-cut melons immediately after preparation and during storage at 5 or 15°C for up to 12 days. Populations of aerobic mesophilic bacteria on fresh-cut cantaloupe prepared immediately from unsanitized whole melons averaged 3.42 log CFU/g, corresponding to an ATP value of 5.40 log fg/g. Populations for fresh-cut honeydew prepared from unsanitized whole melon averaged 1.97 log CFU/g, corresponding an ATP value of 3.94 log fg/g. Fresh-cut pieces prepared from cantaloupe or honeydew melons sanitized with either chlorine (200 ppm free chlorine) or hydrogen peroxide (2.5%) had similar ATP values: 3.1 log fg/g (corresponding to bacterial counts 1.7 log CFU/g) for cantaloupes and 2.6 log fg/g (corresponding to bacterial counts of 0.48 CFU/g) for fresh-cut honeydew. Positive linear correlations for ATP concentrations and microbial populations were found for fresh-cut cantaloupe (R2 = 0.99) and honeydew R2 = 0.95) during storage at 5°C for up to 12 days. ATP values in fresh-cut melons inoculated with either aerobic mesophilic bacteria or yeast and mold were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than control values and parallel total plate counts on plate count agar. Results of this study indicate that the bioluminescent ATP assay can be used to monitor total microbial populations on fresh-cut melon after preparation and during storage for quality control purposes to establish specific sell-by or consume-by dates.
45
Legaspi, B. C., J. C. Legaspi, R. I. Carruthers, J. Goolsby, J. Hadman, W. Jones, D. Murden, and L. Wendel. "Areawide Population Dynamics of Silverleaf Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and its Parasitoids in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas." Journal of Entomological Science 32, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-32.4.445.
Full textAbstract:
The population dynamics of the silverleaf whitefly (SLWF), Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (=sweetpotato whitefly, B. tabaci Biotype “B”, [Gennadius]), and its endemic parasitoids (mostly Encarsia spp. [Aphelinidae]) were monitored in a heterogeneous cropping area, consisting of cotton, cantaloupe and kenaf (tall fiber crop). To assess the suitability of the whitefly for areawide pest management, we compared estimates of population densities using different sampling methods and determined the effects of agronomic practices on the whitefly and parasitoid populations. There was no correlation between adult SLWF estimates using sticky traps and those counted directly on the leaves. However, counts of immatures using disk subsamples were found to be good predictors of whole leaf counts. SLWF counts were low in cotton, until the harvest period of cantaloupes, which may have triggered migration from cantaloupe to cotton. The determinants of emigration from cotton were less clear. High numbers of adults were migrating well before harvest or the application of a defoliant. One likely contributing factor in triggering whitefly migration was leaf senescence. Despite rather high adult densities sampled in kenaf, populations of immature SLWF were low, suggesting that it is not a preferred host. Parasitoid populations were high in the kenaf fields, causing 20 to 80% parasitism and suggesting that kenaf could serve as a reservoir of natural enemies within a larger cropping system. Parasitism in cotton was less than that in kenaf, usually at ~10 to 15%. Encarsia spp. sampled on sticky traps indicated significant activity of the adults in the cotton and kenaf fields, and much lower numbers in the cantaloupe. Because it is a dispersive and polyphagous pest, areawide suppression of SLWF must include the consequences of farming practices and cropping patterns in heterogeneous fields, especially when they are under different management.
46
TIJERINA-RODRÍGUEZ, LAURA E., LUISA SOLÍS-SOTO, NORMA HEREDIA, JUAN S. LEÓN, LEE-ANN JAYKUS, and SANTOS GARCÍA. "In-House Validation of a Rinse–Membrane Filtration Method for Processing Fresh Produce Samples for Downstream Cultural Detection of Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 9 (May 18, 2020): 1592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-19-581.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT More efficient sampling and detection methods of pathogens on fresh produce are needed. The purpose of this study was to compare a novel rinse–membrane filtration method (RMFM) to a more traditional sponge rubbing or stomaching method in processing jalapeño peppers and cantaloupe samples for detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes. For jalapeño peppers inoculated with 106, 104, and 102 CFU of each pathogen and cantaloupes inoculated at 106 and 104 CFU, all pathogens were detected in all (100%) samples by RMFM at a 10-mL filtration volume, as well as by the stomacher and sponge rubbing methods. However, for cantaloupe inoculated at 102 CFU, detection differed by pathogen: S. enterica (20% RMFM, 60% stomacher, and 20% sponge), L. monocytogenes (40% RMFM, 60% stomacher, and 20% sponge), and E. coli O157:H7 (100% RMFM, 75% stomacher, and 75% sponge). When RMFM was compared with the other methods, in accordance with guidelines in the International Organization for Standardization 16140:2003 protocol, it produced values >95% in relative accuracy, relative specificity, and relative sensitivity. Overall, the RMFM performed similar to or better than the homogenization and sponge surface rubbing methods and is a good alternative for processing large numbers of produce samples for bacterial pathogen detection.
47
Flores-García, A., M. C. González-Chávez, A. Alarcón, and R. Ferrera-Cerrato. "Bioproducción de melón en campo." Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura I, no. 04 (April 1995): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1994.12.083.
Full text
48
Samretwanich, K., P. Chiemsombat, K. Kittipakorn, and M. Ikegami. "Yellow Leaf Disease of Cantaloupe and Wax Gourd from Thailand Caused by Tomato leaf curl virus." Plant Disease 84, no. 2 (February 2000): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.2.200c.
Full textAbstract:
Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo var. reliculatus) and wax gourd (Benincasa hispida Cogn.) plants showing a yellow leaf disease have been observed in central Thailand since 1993. The disease has been transmitted to cantaloupe and wax gourd plants by grafting and whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) (K. Kittipakorn, unpublished data). Because of the leaf yellowing symptoms and transmission by whiteflies, a geminivirus was suspected. Three naturally infected cantaloupe and four naturally infected wax gourd plants showing leaf yellowing were collected from fields at Kamphaengsaen, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand. Virus cultures were maintained in cantaloupe and wax gourd plants. Inoculations were done with a whitefly vector. Symptoms in cantaloupe and wax gourd plants were the same as those observed in the field. Virus DNA associated with yellow leaf disease of cantaloupe and wax gourd plants was amplified by polymerase chain reaction with geminivirus-specific degenerate primers, described by Rojas et al. (2), that anneal within the AC1 open reading frame (ORF; replication associated protein gene) and the AV1 ORF (coat protein gene) of bipartite geminiviruses and the C1 and V2 ORFs of monopartite geminiviruses (2). Fragments (1.2 kbp) were amplified and cloned from affected cantaloupe and wax gourd plants. Three independent clones were sequenced and analyzed, and identical 32-base stem loop regions were found in the amplified fragments from both isolates, including the conserved nonanucleotide sequence TAATATTAC, which is present in all geminiviruses. The iterative sequence GGCGTC also was found in the intergenic region (IR) (434 bp) of the amplified fragments from both isolates. The B component could not be detected. The nucleotide sequences of the IR and V1 were compared with 28 well-studied whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses and revealed ≈96% sequence identity with DNA A of Tomato leaf curl virus of the genus Geminivirus from India (ToLCV-In 2) (1) for both isolates. The iterative sequence GGCGTC in the IR also was identical to the sequence in ToLCV-In 2. These results establish the provisional identity of the pathogen causing yellow leaf disease on cantaloupe and wax gourds in Thailand as ToLCV or closely related strains. References: (1) M. Padidam et al. J. Gen. Virol. 76:249, 1995. (2) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993.
49
Jeong*, Jiwon, Jeffrey Brecht, Donald Huber, and Steve Sargent. "Influence of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the Shelf Life and Deterioration of Fresh-cut Cantaloupe." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 816C—816. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.816c.
Full textAbstract:
A study was conducted to determine the influence of the ethylene action inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the shelf life and deterioration of fresh-cut cantaloupe (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus) during storage at 5 °C. Intact cantaloupe fruit, cv. Durango (3/4 to full-slip stage) were treated with 1-MCP (1 μL·L-1) for 24 h at 20 °C. Following cooling to 5 °C, the fruit were processed into ≈2.5-cm cubes and subsequently dipped in 1.34 mm sodium hypochlorite solution for 20 s. Fresh-cut cubes were stored in 1.7-L vented plastic containers for 12 d at 5 °C (85% RH). Intact fruit treated and stored under identical conditions were also examined. While 1-MCP-treated cantaloupe cubes were about 35% firmer than control cubes after the 24-h at 20 °C 1-MCP treatment, little softening occurred in either treatment during the subsequent 12-d at 5 °C storage period. In contrast, control and 1-MCP-treated intact fruit softened nearly 40% and 15%, respectively. 1-MCP did not significantly influence flesh color and soluble solid contents of either intact cantaloupe or fresh-cut cubes during storage at 5 °C. Increased decay incidence was observed in 1-MCP-treated fresh-cut cantaloupe cubes.
50
LI, DI, LORETTA M. FRIEDRICH, MICHELLE D. DANYLUK, LINDA J. HARRIS, and DONALD W. SCHAFFNER. "Development and Validation of a Mathematical Model for Growth of Pathogens in Cut Melons." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 953–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-398.
Full textAbstract:
Many outbreaks of foodborne illness associated with the consumption of fresh-cut melons have been reported. The objective of our research was to develop a mathematical model that predicts the growth rate of Salmonella on fresh-cut cantaloupe over a range of storage temperatures and to validate that model by using Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on cantaloupe, honeydew, and watermelon, using both new data and data from the published studies. The growth of Salmonella on honeydew and watermelon and E. coli O157:H7 on cantaloupe, honeydew, and watermelon was monitored at temperatures of 4 to 25°C. The Ratkowsky (or square-root model) was used to describe Salmonella growth on cantaloupe as a function of storage temperature. Our results show that the levels of Salmonella on fresh-cut cantaloupe with an initial load of 3 log CFU/g can reach over 7 log CFU/g at 25°C within 24 h. No growth was observed at 4°C. A linear correlation was observed between the square root of Salmonella growth rate and temperature, such that , R2 = 0.9779. The model was generally suitable for predicting the growth of both Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 on cantaloupe, honeydew, and watermelon, for both new data and data from the published literature. When compared with existing models for growth of Salmonella, the new model predicts a theoretic minimum growth temperature similar to the ComBase Predictive Models and Pathogen Modeling Program models but lower than other food-specific models. The ComBase Prediction Models results are very similar to the model developed in this study. Our research confirms that Salmonella can grow quickly and reach high concentrations when cut cantaloupe is stored at ambient temperatures, without visual signs of spoilage. Our model provides a fast and cost-effective method to estimate the effects of storage temperature on fresh-cut melon safety and could also be used in subsequent quantitative microbial risk assessments.