Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cantaloupe'

In a small plot field test on cantaloupes, abamectin (Agri-mek®), cyromazine (Trigard®), spinosad (Success®), and pyriproxyfen (Knack®) demonstrated efficacy to reduce the number of mined leaves caused by leafminers (Liriomvza sativae and L. trifolii). Multiple applications of Agri-mek and Trigard resulted in melons having the fewest number of mined leaves. Success and Knack were effective in reducing the number of mined leaves relative to the untreated check. All of the treatments provided effective control of leafminers for 14 to 21 days after treatment. Success exhibited a rate response with the highest rate showing the fewest number of mined leaves compared to the lower rate.

Clomazone (Command®), bensulide (Prefar®), sulfentrazone, and halosulfuron treatments applied preemergence (PREE) provided very good control of prostrate pigweed (Amaranthus blitoides), lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) at better than 90% at 5 weeks after treatment (WAT). Halosulfuron was effective in controlling all weeds better than 90% at 7 WAT Carfentrazone was not effective against most of the weeds present in the test but appeared to be safe on cantaloupe. Postemergence (POST) treatments alone did not provide acceptable control of pigweeds but controlled lambsquarters and common purslane at 2 WAT. Halosulfuron and bentazon (Basagran®) applied POST following PREE treatments controlled most of the weeds better than 90% through 7 WAT. Cantaloupe yields were highest with good weed control provided by PREE treatments followed by POST herbicide applications. Basagran at 0.50 lb /A injured cantaloupe after applications but yields were not affected compared to the untreated check. Command, sulfentrazone, and halosulfuron caused cantaloupe injury after PREE applications. Basagran caused substantial crop injury after POST applications.

Field experiments were conducted at four sites in 2005 in the Yuma Valley, AZ (approximately 150 ft. elevation) to evaluate the performance of CN9 fertilizer [a N-calcium (Ca) based fertilizer (9-0-0-11)] in comparison to a conventional N fertilizer source with irrigated melons/cantaloupes (Cucumis melo L.). Each field was divided into two equal (approximately 40 acres) sections. One section received the grower’s N fertilizer source (Conventional) while the other section received the CN9 fertilizer. Basic plant growth and development measurements, aboveground biomass, total and marketable yield, Sugar fruit content as well as total nutrient analysis were among the main variables analyzed. In general, all phenology variables responded similarly between conventional and CN9 treatments. Fresh weight yields ranging from 4,000 to 10,000 kg/ha were observed between conventional and CN9 treatments. Statistical analyses show that total yield between conventional and CN9 was statistically the same; with the exception of the Perriconi site. Similar results were observed for marketable yield. Brix values ranged from 10 to 14 percent, statistical differences for Brix values between the conventional and CN9 treatments were found on the Perriconi and Mason 80 sites where the conventional treatment had higher sugar content in the fruit. Overall, there were no differences in nutrient uptake and allocation patterns due to the addition of CN9 among experimental sites or sampling dates. Regarding the allocation of nutrients in the rind and flesh of melons, the same patterns between treatments at all sites were observed.

The postemergence (POST) herbicide treatments did not cause any crop stand reduction following applications. Bentazon (Basagran®) at 0.50 lb AI /A caused marginally acceptable injury on the cantaloupe leaves. At 2 weeks after treatment (WAT), the amount of injury decreased and cantaloupe treated with Basagran at 1.0 lb AI/A showed marginally acceptable injury symptoms. Halosulfuron (Monsanto) at 0.05 to 0.10 lb AI/A caused slightly more injury (10 to 17 %) with increasing rates. Basagran at 1.0 lb Al/A gave good control ( >90 %) of morningglory and was marginal in controlling morningglory at 0.75 lb AI/A Halosulfuron at 1 WAT was marginal in controlling morningglory but improved to give acceptable control at 2 WAT. Fewer and smaller plants were removed by hand-hoeing from Basagran and halosulfuron treated plots compared to the untreated check.

In small plot field testing, the new IGR's, buprofezine, pyriproxyfen, and fenoxycarb plus CGA-215944 , offered very good reduction of the WF adults and immature stages for several weeks. Combinations of the new insecticides and alternating weekly applications were effective in minimizing WF season-long. Pyrethroids, bifenthrin and esfenvalerate plus endosulfan treatments, were effective after early applications and nymph counts were elevated after the third application. Oxydemeton-methyl and imidacloprid treatments applied weekly compared favorably with the new chemistries to reduce adults and immatures. Pyridaben applied weekly reduced adult counts relative to the untreated check but immatures increased after the third application.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate cantaloupe melon hybrids with relation to yield, quality and post-harvest aspects of fruits and reaction to leafminer. Were evaluated eight hybrids in two experiments carried out in randomized blocks designs with four replications in Baraúna city, Rio Grande do Norte State. The plot was consisted of one line of 15 meters. The traits assessing were yield, average weight fruit, intern cavity proportion, thickness pulp, firmness pulp, content solids soluble and number of leafmines per leaf. The potential of post-harvest was asses during 28 days in five storage periods (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). During this period was evaluated the traits firmness pulp, content solids soluble, external and internal appearances and weight loss. The hybrids HC-101, HC-121, HC-300 and Hy Mark were promissory because had high yield and estimates of firmness of the pulp, content soluble solids to market.All hybrids were susceptible to leafminer and had shelf-life around of 21 days when stored at temperature of 5ºC and UR 95 ± 5%
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar híbridos de melão Cantaloupe quanto aos aspectos produtivos, qualitativos, vida útil pós-colheita de frutos e reação à mosca minadora. Foram avaliados oito híbridos em dois experimentos em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições instalados no município de Baraúna. A parcela foi constituída por uma linha de 15 metros. As características avaliadas foram: produtividade, peso médio do fruto, proporção da cavidade interna, espessura da polpa, firmeza da polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis, aparências externa e interna, perda de massa e número de minas por folha. O potencial pós-colheita dos híbridos foi avaliado durante o período de 28 dias, sendo as avaliações feitas a cada sete dias a partir do momento da colheita, totalizando cinco tempos (0, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias). Durante esse período foram avaliadas as características firmeza da polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis, aparência externa, aparência interna e perda de massa. Os híbridos HC-101, HC-121, HC 300 e Hy Mark com elevada produtividade e valores de peso médio do fruto, firmeza da polpa e teor de sólidos solúveis totais em níveis comerciais foram os mais promissores do grupo avaliado. Todos os híbridos foram suscetíveis à mosca minadora e têm vida útil pós-colheita de aproximadamente 21 dias quando armazenados sob refrigeração à 5ºC e UR 95 ± 5%

Increase in consumption of fresh produce over the past decade has resulted in a rise in incidents of foodborne outbreaks due to pathogens. Chemical sanitizers have been extensively used in the industry for decontamination of fresh produce. However, they are ineffective in certain commodities and under certain processing conditions, necessitating the evaluation of alternative technologies. Electron beam irradiated sliced cantaloupe were tested for 21 days of storage for total aerobic bacterial counts, texture, color and sensory parameters as a function of irradiation doses 0, 0.7 and 1.4 kGy and the wash treatments, water and 200 mg/L chlorine applied to the melons before cutting. Melons washed only with water prior to cutting had total aerobic bacterial counts of 4.0, 2.0 and 0.8 log cfu/g on day 0 at irradiation doses of 0, 0.7 and 1.4 kGy respectively. On day 0, melons washed with chlorine prior to cutting had total aerobic bacterial counts of 2.7, and 0.7 log cfu/g at irradiation doses of 0 and 0.7 kGy and below detection limit at 1.4 kGy. Texture measured as compression force was lower only for cantaloupe irradiated at 1.4 kGy. Irradiation did not affect objective color and descriptive attribute flavor and texture sensory attributes of cantaloupe. Irradiation reduced Salmonella Poona by 1.1 log cfu/g at 0.7 kGy and 3.6 log cfu/g at 1.5 kGy. The D-value of S. Poona on irradiated sliced cantaloupe was found to be 0.211 kGy. Among the spoilage organisms, lactic acid bacteria and mold were reduced effectively by irradiation but there was no significant effect on reduction of yeasts. Our results show that electron beam irradiation in combination with chemical sanitizers is effective in decontamination of fresh-cut produce. Electron microscopy images provided valuable information on attachment sites of S. Poona on cantaloupe rind. The ineffectiveness of chemical sanitizers due to possible inaccessibility to pathogens in these attachment sites provides the basis for application of irradiation in decontamination of fresh produce.

Cantaloupes for fresh market were studied as an alternative crop for the farmers in the Safford valley. Three varieties were tested with the top variety yielding over 1000 cwt per acre. The quality of the fruit was good, but work needs to be done to determine if there is a slot in the market for fruit from this area.

At 4 weeks after treatment (WAT), all preemergence (PREE) treatments were completely safe on cantaloupes. At 1 WAT of postemergence (POST) applications, marginally acceptable melon injury (11 to 19%) was observed. At 6 WAT, crop injury increased significantly for both halosulfuron and bentazon. Halosulfuron (POST) following bensulide (PREE) caused minimal crop injury. The pigweeds were marginally controlled when POST treatments followed PREE herbicides. Tumble pigweed (Amaranthus albus) was more difficult to control than prostrate pigweed (A. blitoides). Halosulfuron gave good control of nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) at 6 WAT.

A range of population levels of sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius was evaluated in three field experiments allowing measurement of the effect of whitefly numbers on melon quality and yield. An increase in total numbers of immature whitefly was associated with significant declines in harvested melon weight, a decline in number of boxes harvested, a decrease in fruit size, a decrease in percent sugars, and an increase in sooty mold. Regression analysis of individual whitefly life stages with yield parameters indicated that adult number was a more precise parameter and higher R2 values were obtained with increased range of whitefly population densities. Adults were sampled at the third leaf node in both locations. Nymph samples were taken at varying nodes from the base of the plant. Estimates of the mean adult whitefly density resulting in 5% and 15 % dollar yield loss were 3 and 10 adults per leaf Estimates of the mean total nymph density resulting in 5% and 15% dollar yield loss 0.5 and 2 (AZ) nymphs per cm² of leaf area, respectively.

Several registered and exploratory herbicides were effective for broadleaved weed control when applied preplant incorporated or preemergence in cantaloupes. Bensulide (Preface), clomazone (Command®), cyanazine (Bladex®), dimethanamid (Frontier®), ethafluralin (Curbit®), metolachlor (Dual ®), pendimethalin (Prowl®), trifluralin, dithiopyr (Rohm and Haas), and thiazopyr (Rohm and Haas) gave marginally acceptable control of most weeds. Crop injury was observed for some treatments of Frontier, Prowl, napropamide (Devrinol®), and Command. As the season progressed, groundcherry (Physalis wrightii) was not adequately controlled by any treatment.

Powdery mildew of cantaloupe, caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Sphaerotheca fuliginea, is usually found in some melon fields every year. Disease development is favored by low relative humidity, moderate temperatures, and succulent plant growth. In the spring of 1990, potential new fungicides were evaluated for disease control in a field trial All tested materials provided significant control when compared to untreated plants. Bayleton is the only tested material that is currently registered for use on cantaloupe for control of powdery mildew.

A range of action thresholds for the control of sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius were evaluated in field experiments with high population density of B. tabaci. Action thresholds for whitefly adults, based on seasonal whitefly averages that could result in 5% and 15 % dollar losses, of 3 and 10 adults per leaf, respectively, were tested. All thresholds were compared to weekly insecticide treatments and an untreated check The resulting best threshold treatment was 3 adults per leaf area which provided a 170% increase in net return over the untreated check. The 3 adult per leaf threshold resulted in 6 applications of insecticide, compared with 10 applications used in the weekly regime.

Imidacloprid is a new, chloronicotinyl insecticide currently being used to control sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn, also known as silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring). Large growth and yield increases of cantaloupes (Cucumis melo L.) following the use of imidacloprid have caused some to speculate that this compound may enhance growth and yield above that expected from insect control alone. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to evaluate the growth and yield response of melons to imidacloprid in the presence and absence of whitefly pressure. In greenhouse cage studies, sweetpotato whiteflies developed very high densities of nymphs and eclosed pupal cases on plants not treated with imidacloprid, and significant increases in vegetative plant growth were inversely proportional to whitefly densities. Positive plant growth responses were absent when plants were treated with imidacloprid and insects were excluded. Results from a field study showed similar whitefly control and yield responses to imidacloprid and bifenthrin+ endosulfan applications. Hence, we conclude that growth and yield response to imidacloprid is associated with control of whiteflies and the subsequent prevention of damage, rather than a compensatory physiological promotion of plant growth processes.

Powdery mildew of cantaloupe in Arizona is caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Sphaerotheca fuliginea. The disease is found in melon fields each year; however, the incidence and severity of the disease is quite variable. Disease development is favored by low relative humidity, moderate temperatures, and succulent plant growth. Potential new fungicides were evaluated for disease control in a field trial conducted in the spring of 1994. In this study, Rally and Reach provided the highest level of disease control and highest percentages of marketable fruit when compared to untreated cantaloupe plants.

Most experimental treatments effectively reduced Bemisia tabaci [sweetpotato whitefly (WF) also known as silverleaf WF, B. argentifolii] adults and eggs in cantaloupes relative to the untreated check at 6 days after treatment of each of five applications. Acephate (Orthene®), buprofezin (Applaud®), bifenthrin (Capture®), endosulfan, fenpropathrin (Danitol®), naled (Dibrom®), and pymetrozine(CGA -215944, Ciba) treatments had the fewest adults and eggs. Insect growth regulator (IGR) materials in combinations, pyriproxyfen (S-71639, Valent) and fenoxycarb (Ciba),were more effective in reducing WF relative to the untreated check than when applied alone. Registered products, Dibrom®, endosulfan, and methamidaphos (Monitor®) were effective in combinations or in alternating applications.

Powdery mildew of cantaloupe and other melons occurs every year in Arizona; however, the incidence and severity of the disease is quite variable. This disease, caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Sphaerotheca fuliginea, is favored by moderate temperature and relative humidity, succulent plant growth and reduced light intensity. Potential new fungicides were evaluated for disease management in a field trial conducted in the spring of 1996. All tested products significantly reduced the level of disease compared to nontreated melon plants. In addition to compounds already registered for use on cantaloupe, such as Microthiol Special, Reach, Benlate, Bayleton and Bravo, the list of efficacious nonregistered agrochemicals included Quadris, Procure, BAS-490, and Rally. The possible availability of new disease management tools in the future for powdery mildew of cantaloupe and other melons could enhance our efforts to reduce the development of resistance to these fungicides by the pathogen.

Several experimental insecticide treatments alone or in combinations were evaluated and demonstrated efficacy against Bemisia argentifolii [silverleaf whitefly (WF) also known as sweet potato WF, B. tabaci]. At each rating date following each of four applications, the number of adult and immature WF were reduced relative to the untreated check CGA-215944 (Ciba) treatment combinations were similar at each rating date and significant differences could not be distinguished between the addition of fenoxycarb (Ciba) or CGA-59205 (Ciba). Combinations of insecticides or alternating with insect growth regulators (IGR's) also significantly reduced numbers of WF adults and immatures similar to the standard treatment of bifenthrin (Capture®) plus endosulfan. A single application of pyriproxyfen (Valent) was followed by different treatments [endosulfan followed by fenpropathrin (Danitol®) plus methamidaphos (Monitor®) followed by endosulfan] at each application date. Buprofezin (Applaud®) was combined or alternated with endosulfan at each application and similar reduction of WF was observed. Pyridaben (BASF) did not adequately reduce WF adults and immatures relative to the standard treatment in this test. The Ciba compounds and single or multiple applications of the IGR's, pyriproxyfen and Applaud were highly effective in substantially reducing WF immatures and adults in this test.

Powdery mildew of cucurbits, which include cantaloupe, honeydew and watermelon as well as cucumbers and squash, occurs every year in Arizona. Moderate temperatures and relative humidity, succulent plant growth and reduced light intensity are factors that favor the development of powdery mildew, which is caused by the pathogenic fungus Sphaerotheca fuliginea Potential new fungicides were evaluated and compared to existing chemicals for control of powdery mildew of cantaloupe in a field trial conducted in the spring of 1997 at the Yuma Agricultural Center. The top performer in this study for disease control as well as reduction in culled fruit was a combination of Topsin-M + Trilogy. Other effective materials included BAS 490, Quadris, Procure, Benlate, Microthiol Special and Rally. Bayleton significantly reduced the amount of culled fruit, but did not significantly reduce the severity of powdery mildew. Compared to nontreated plots, a gain of up to $973 per acre could have been realized due to the reduction in amount of culled fruit in plots treated with fungicides. The potential availability of new chemistries for management of powdery mildew of cantaloupe and other cucurbits could help in the implementation of fungicide resistance management strategies, which strive to minimize the risk of resistance development by the pathogen to these compounds.

Cantaloupe growth was influenced by using imidacloprid (Admire®) insecticide to control, suppress, or reduce whiteflies. The growth rate of cantaloupe was evaluated at regular intervals after crop emergence and a rate response was observed with greater growth with respect to increase in Admire® rate. Following at planting time applications, at 3 and 4 weeks after treatment (WAT) cantaloupe plants had more foliar growth and a greater number of leaves with increasing Admire® rate. At 5 to 8 WAT, cantaloupe vines exhibited greater growth with increasing rates of Admire®.

Halosulfuron applied alone gave marginal to good control of common lambsquarters and common purslane, respectively, but did not provide control of the pigweeds. Acceptable control of 85% of the limited population of purple nutsedge was observed. Rimsulfuron applied alone gave good control of the pigweeds, lambsquarters, purslane, and marginal control of nutsedge. Weed control was effective until the late season evaluation at 9 WAT. The combination of halosulfuron and rimsulfuron gave similar results of the rimsulfuron applied alone, however, nutsedge control was not evaluated due to insufficient populations. Halosulfuron treated melons showed the least injury among all of the herbicide treatments applied alone. Rimsulfuron caused marginally unacceptable injury at 18% compared to flumetsulam, thifensulfuron, MKH-6561, and flufenacet which caused unacceptable injury ranging from 20 to 68%.

Powdery mildew occurs annually on melons in Arizona. Podosphaera xanthii (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) is the plant pathogenic fungus that causes powdery mildew on cucurbits, such as cantaloupe, honeydew, watermelon, cucumber and squash. Development of powdery mildew on melons is favored by moderate temperatures and relative humidity, succulent plant growth and reduced light intensity brought about by a dense plant canopy. Existing products as well as some materials under development were evaluated and compared for efficacy in management of powdery mildew on cantaloupe in a field trial conducted during the spring of 2004 at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center. A high level of disease had developed by the time this trial was terminated (June 10). Among treatments, the degree of powdery mildew suppression ranged from modest to essentially complete control. All treatments significantly reduced the severity of powdery mildew compared to untreated plants. Relative performance of treatments on the top of leaves differed from that on the underside of leaves. The better treatments among all tested fungicides included Bravo Ultrex, Cabrio, Cabrio alternated with Procure, Flint alternated with Bravo, Microthiol Disperss, Procure, Procure alternated with Quinoxyfen, Quinoxyfen, Quinoxyfen alternated with Topsin M, Rally, Topsin M+Microthiol Disperss, and Topsin M alternated with Cabrio. Among tested products, several are registered for use in Arizona for control of powdery mildew on melons. The use of a mixture or rotation among efficacious chemistries with different modes of action is important to minimize the development of insensitivity by the pathogen to one or more of these active ingredients.

Preemergence herbicide treatments metolachlor (Dual®) and pendimethalin (Prowl®) gave better than acceptable weed control ( >85 %) of prostrate and tumble pigweeds, puncturevine, common purslane, and groundcherry in cantaloupes. Preplant incorporated treatments provided less than adequate control of pigweeds and groundcherry. Bentazon (Basagran®) applied postemergence gave good control of pigweeds but groundcherry control was marginal. Napropamide (Devrinol®), trifluralin (Treflan®), and DCPA (Dacthal (D) caused cantaloupe stand reduction and injury. Bensulide (Prefar®) and Basagran® were safe when applied on cantaloupes.

Powdery mildew of cantaloupe, caused by the fungus Sphaerotheca fuliinea, is a perennial and often serious disease in Arizona. In 1989, potential new fungicides were evaluated for disease control in a field trial. All tested materials provided significant control when compared to untreated plants. Of the compounds tested only Bayleton currently is registered for use on cantaloupe. Rally, which performed extremely well in this test; should be available for use on cantaloupe in the near future.

Leaf drop of lettuce, caused by the plant pathogenic fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor. occurs every year in some lettuce fields in Arizona. When environmental conditions are favorable, disease incidence and resulting crop loss can be significant. During the 1990-1991 lettuce season in western Arizona, different fungicides and rates of materials were evaluated in the field for disease control. All tested materials increased yields compared to not using any fungicide for disease control.

Powdery mildew of cantaloupe in Arizona is caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Sphaerotheca fuliginea. The disease is usually found in some melon fields each year; however, the incidence and severity of the disease is quite variable. Disease development is favored by low relative humidity, moderate temperatures, and succulent plant growth. Potential new fungicides were evaluated for disease control in a field trial conducted in the spring of 1993. All tested materials provided significant control when compared to untreated cantaloupe plants. In this study, none of the compounds provided disease protection significantly superior to that demonstrated by Bayleton, the fungicide currently registered for use on cantaloupes.

Foliar insecticides for whiteflies (Bemisia sp., WF) were applied as a supplementary control measure at 6 weeks after treatment with imidacloprid (Admire®) at planting time of melons. Beauveria bassiana fungus spores (Mycotrol®), pyriproxyfen (S-71639, Valent), and azadirachtin (Align®) are non-conventional insecticides that could be safer on beneficial parasites and predators. The number of eggs and nymphs counted at all rating dates for all treatments were not significantly different from the foliarly untreated check. Mycotrol treated melons showed higher number of nymphs following the second application. The Align treatment tended to exhibit higher number of nymphs after two applications. The addition of an adjuvant did not appear to enhance pyriproxyfen efficacy.

Powdery mildew of cantaloupe and other melons in Arizona is caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Sphaerotheca fuliginea. The disease is found in melon fields each year; however, the incidence and severity of the disease is quite variable. Disease development is favored by low relative humidity, moderate temperatures, and succulent plant growth. Potential new fungicides were evaluated for disease management in a field trial conducted in the spring of 1995. In this study, BAS-490 and Reach provided the highest level of efficacy among the materials and rates tested. Generally, lower levels of disease led to increased yield of marketable fruit.

Several experimental insecticide treatment combinations were evaluated and demonstrated very good efficacy against Bemisia argentifolii [silverleaf whitefly (WF) also known as sweetpotato WF, B. tabaci]. Adults and immatures were most effectively reduced compared to the untreated check by pyriproxyfen (S-71639, Valent) treatments and fenpropathrin (Danitol®) plus acephate (Orthene®). CGA-215944 (Ciba) plus fenoxycarb (Ciba) treatments compared favorably with many of the pyrethroid combination treatments. Registered products esfenvalerate (Asana®), endosulfan (Thiodan®), cypermethrin (Ammo®), naled (Dibrom®), and oxydemeton-methyl (Metasystox-R®) complemented many of the combination treatments to reduce WF relative to the untreated check

Powdery mildew of cantaloupe, caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea, is a perennial and often devastating disease in Arizona. During 1987 and 1984 potential new fungicides were evaluated in field trials for disease control. In 1987, Bayleton, Rally and Spotless provided significant disease control. In 1984, Rally and Spotless significantly reduced development of powdery mildew, while Bayleton and Tilt were less effective. Uneven development of powdery mildew within the plot may partially explain the apparent lack of significant disease control in 1988 by Bayleton and Tilt.

A study was conducted to determine the effects of repeated insecticide applications on leaf niner and parasitoid populations on spring melons. After four applications, none of the insecticides induced large build-ups of leafminer larvae. A new material, AC 303630, was very effective in maintaining low numbers of pupae. However, the results of this preliminary test indicate that all insecticides tested had a negative impact on the parasitoid population. In general, in the absence of insectcides, parasitoids were capable of maintaining L. sativae populations at low levels in the experimental plots.

Beauveria bassiana is a naturally occurring fungal disease of insects that has been shown to be an effective biological control against whiteflies in cotton and vegetable crops. Six treatments were initiated in drip irrigated fall cantaloupe on October 2, and repeated on October 9 and 23. The six treatments consisted of 1) a check or unsprayed plot; 2) 0.5 lb. Mycotrol WP/acre; 3) 1 Ib. Mycotrol WP /acre; 4) 1 pt. Mycotrol ES/acre; 5) 0.5 lb. Mycotrol WP /acre + pyrethroid tank mix; and 6) 12 oz. Naturalis-L/acre. Under moderate to light sweetpotato whitefly pressure, the Mycotrol formulations provided significant control (68-79%) compared to unsprayed check plots, and were superior to Naturalis-L formulation whose effects were relatively short lived. Mycotrol WP applied in three applications at the labeled rate of 1 lb. product/acre had the cumulative effect of maintaining adult whitefly leaf counts below the currently recommended economic threshold of 3 per leaf at 28 days after treatment initiation, under the conditions of this study.

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Avaliou-se a vida Ãtil pÃs-colheita de melÃes Cantaloupe, hÃbrido âTorreonâ, submetidos à aplicaÃÃo pÃs-colheita de 1-MCP em diferentes concentraÃÃes (0, 300 e 600 ppb) e dois perÃodos distintos de exposiÃÃo ao gÃs (6 e 12 horas), colhidos em dois diferentes estÃdios de maturaÃÃo (50 e 75% de rachadura do pedÃnculo) mantidos em armazenamento refrigerado durante 21 dias e 28 dias, visando exportaÃÃo. Os frutos foram colhidos em fazendas de MossorÃ, RN-Brasil, sendo analisados nos LaboratÃrios de Fisiologia e Tecnologia PÃs-colheita da Embrapa AgroindÃstria Tropical e de Frutos Tropicais do Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, em Fortaleza- CE. Para o monitoramento da qualidade dos frutos durante a armazenagem, determinaÃÃes quanto à perda de massa acumulada e firmeza externa e interna foram efetuadas, alÃm de avaliaÃÃo visual de aceitaÃÃo segundo escala de notas; onde se atribui notas relativas à cor externa, firmeza, incidÃncia de podridÃes e aparÃncia geral. Foram realizadas as anÃlises fÃsico-quÃmicas de clorofila total, aÃÃcares solÃveis totais, aÃÃcares redutores, carotenÃides totais, coloraÃÃo da polpa, conteÃdo de sÃlidos solÃveis totais, acidez total (AT) e pH. Segundo a avaliaÃÃo visual, a aplicaÃÃo do 1-MCP retardou a perda de firmeza e de coloraÃÃo verde dos frutos, bem como a incidÃncia de podridÃes. A manutenÃÃo da firmeza foi confirmada atravÃs da analise em texturÃmetro. Frutos tratados com 1-MCP apresentaram maior firmeza do que os frutos controle e esse resultado foi mais efetivo com o aumento da dosagem.
It was evaluated useful life postharvest Cantaloupe melons, hybrid `Torreon', submitted to the application postharvest of 1-MCP at different concentrations (0, 300 and 600 ppb) and two periods of exposition to the gas (6 and 12 hours),harvested in two different stadiums of maturation (50 and 75% stalk abscission layer) kept in storage cooled during 21 days and 28 days, aiming at exportation. The fruits were harvested in farms at MossorÃ, RN-Brazil, being analyzed in the Laboratories of Physiology and Technology Postharvest of the Embrapa Tropical AgroindÃstria and of Tropical Fruits of the Department of Food Technology of the Federal University of the CearÃ, in Fortaleza-CE. For the monitoring of the quality of the fruits during storage, its physical characterization how much to the loss of accumulated mass and external and internal firmness beyond visual evaluation acceptance second scale was made notes; in this scale if external color attributes to relative notes Ã, firmness, incidence of podridÃes and general appearance. Physical chemical analysis were performed of total chlorophyll content, soluble sugars, reducing sugars, totals carotenoids, coloration of the pulp, total soluble solid content, totals acidity (AT) and pH. According to visual evaluation, the application of the 1-MCP delayed the loss of firmne ss and green coloration of the fruits, as well as the incidence of rottenness. The maintenance of the firmness was confirmed through analyzes physical in the device texturometer. Fruits dealt with 1-MCP had presented greater firmness of that the fruits have controlled and this result was more effective with the increase of the dosage.

ANSELMO, Francisca Deuzenir Marques. Qualidade e conservação pós-colheita de melão Cantaloupe "Torreon" para exportação. 2007. 77 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Fortaleza-CE, 2007
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It was evaluated useful life postharvest Cantaloupe melons, hybrid `Torreon', submitted to the application postharvest of 1-MCP at different concentrations (0, 300 and 600 ppb) and two periods of exposition to the gas (6 and 12 hours),harvested in two different stadiums of maturation (50 and 75% stalk abscission layer) kept in storage cooled during 21 days and 28 days, aiming at exportation. The fruits were harvested in farms at Mossoró, RN-Brazil, being analyzed in the Laboratories of Physiology and Technology Postharvest of the Embrapa Tropical Agroindústria and of Tropical Fruits of the Department of Food Technology of the Federal University of the Ceará, in Fortaleza-CE. For the monitoring of the quality of the fruits during storage, its physical characterization how much to the loss of accumulated mass and external and internal firmness beyond visual evaluation acceptance second scale was made notes; in this scale if external color attributes to relative notes á, firmness, incidence of podridões and general appearance. Physical chemical analysis were performed of total chlorophyll content, soluble sugars, reducing sugars, totals carotenoids, coloration of the pulp, total soluble solid content, totals acidity (AT) and pH. According to visual evaluation, the application of the 1-MCP delayed the loss of firmne ss and green coloration of the fruits, as well as the incidence of rottenness. The maintenance of the firmness was confirmed through analyzes physical in the device texturometer. Fruits dealt with 1-MCP had presented greater firmness of that the fruits have controlled and this result was more effective with the increase of the dosage.
Avaliou-se a vida útil pós-colheita de melões Cantaloupe, híbrido ‘Torreon’, submetidos à aplicação pós-colheita de 1-MCP em diferentes concentrações (0, 300 e 600 ppb) e dois períodos distintos de exposição ao gás (6 e 12 horas), colhidos em dois diferentes estádios de maturação (50 e 75% de rachadura do pedúnculo) mantidos em armazenamento refrigerado durante 21 dias e 28 dias, visando exportação. Os frutos foram colhidos em fazendas de Mossoró, RN-Brasil, sendo analisados nos Laboratórios de Fisiologia e Tecnologia Pós-colheita da Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical e de Frutos Tropicais do Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal do Ceará, em Fortaleza- CE. Para o monitoramento da qualidade dos frutos durante a armazenagem, determinações quanto à perda de massa acumulada e firmeza externa e interna foram efetuadas, além de avaliação visual de aceitação segundo escala de notas; onde se atribui notas relativas á cor externa, firmeza, incidência de podridões e aparência geral. Foram realizadas as análises físico-químicas de clorofila total, açúcares solúveis totais, açúcares redutores, carotenóides totais, coloração da polpa, conteúdo de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total (AT) e pH. Segundo a avaliação visual, a aplicação do 1-MCP retardou a perda de firmeza e de coloração verde dos frutos, bem como a incidência de podridões. A manutenção da firmeza foi confirmada através da analise em texturômetro. Frutos tratados com 1-MCP apresentaram maior firmeza do que os frutos controle e esse resultado foi mais efetivo com o aumento da dosagem.

An experimental site was selected at Yuma Agricultural Research Center, University of Arizona, to evaluate the effect of Messenger on melon plant growth and yield. Four treatments in completely randomized block design replicated four times were applied to melon planted on 84- inch beds. High Mark open pollinated melon variety was planted on 3-20-2001 using a commercial planter. Treatments included Messenger applied at 3-leaf stage on 5-4-2001 Messenger applied every 14 days starting on 5-15, 5-29, 6-13, 6-27-2001, standard management practices and control. Observations collected included plant mapping and yield. Results were variable, showed no significant effect of Messenger on plant growth and yield. However, there was indication that Messenger may have an effect on plant growth pattern and yield. Messenger applied at 3-leaf stage and repeated applications seemed to induce an early melon formation, increased number of nodes and yield. It was not possible to make recommendation based on one-year results. Further investigation is needed to verify the results obtained from this experiment.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Hydrocooling is a precooling method adopted by some growers as an alternative to remove rapidly heat from melon fruits to restrict the fruit metabolism besides reducing post-harvest losses. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of the hydrocooling in the fruit post-harvest quality of Cantaloupe melon Torreon . An experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in a split plot scheme with four replications. In the main plots were assigned the treatments with and without fruit immersion in cold water at 5ºC and to subplots were assigned the storage times of 0, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days at 3ºC. From all analyzed characteristics, it was only observed a significant interaction between treatments and storage times on external (EA) and internal appearances (IA), and reducing sugars (RA). The fruits kept marketing pattern until the storage time of 35 days, with score above three for both external and internal appearance, without symptom of sunken patche (brown spots in the fruit epidermis) in both treatments. The hydrocooling produced a high fruit firmness, but it did not alter the soluble solids and titrable acidity contents. Moreover, the hydrocooling was not efficient to prolong the storage life of melon fruits
O hidroresfriamento é um método de pré-resfriamento adotado por alguns produtores como alternativa para remover mais rapidamente o calor dos justos de melão visando restringir seu metabolismo, reduzindo as perdas pós-colheita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do hidroresfriamento na qualidade póscolheita do melão Cantaloupe Toneon . Um experimento foi realizado no delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas foram distribuídos quatro repetições. Nas parcelas foram distribuídos os tratamentos com e sem imersão dos justos em água fria a 5ºC e nas subparcelas foram alocados os tempos de armazenamento de 0, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias a 3ºC. Para todas as características avaliadas apenas foi observado interação significativa entre os tratamentos e o tempo de armazenamento nas aparências externa (AE) e interna (AI), e conteúdo de açúcares redutores (RA). Os frutos se mantiveram comercializáveis até o tempo de armazenamento de 35 dias, com nota acima de três para ambas as aparências externa e interna, sem sintomas de sunken patche (manchas amarronzadas na epiderme dos frutos) em ambos os tratamentos. O hidroesfriamento promoveu maior firmeza de frutos, mas não alterou os conteúdos de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável. Além disso, o hidroresfriamento não foi eficiente para prolongar a vida pós-colheita de frutos de melão

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A qualidade e a segurança alimentar são estratégias fundamentais para a comercialização e inserção de novos produtos alimentícios no mercado. O processamento mínimo de frutas vem apresentando uma expansão constante, em mercados nacionais e internacionais, que são exigentes em relação à garantia e segurança destes produtos. Neste contexto, este trabalho estudou procedimentos operacionais na cadeia produtiva do processamento mínimo de melão Cantaloupe, no sentido de aumentar a vida útil do produto sob os aspectos de qualidade e segurança. Inicialmente, estudou-se a eficácia de sanitizantes (cloramina orgânica e ácido peracético) combinados ou não com surfactantes na remoção de mesófilos aeróbios totais, coliformes a 35 e 45oC e Salmonella enteritidis da superfície do melão Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.). Para a avaliação da sobrevivência de mesófilos aeróbios e coliformes a 35 e 45oC, os frutos foram submetidos a nove tratamentos: imersão em água corrente (controle) e imersão em 200, 500 e 1000 mg.L-1 de cloramina orgânica, em pH 6,5, e 60 mg.L-1 ácido peracético (APA), em pH 5,5, adicionados ou não de Tween 80 a 0,1%. A imersão dos frutos nas soluções sanitizantes ocorreu à temperatura de 15oC, sob agitação, durante 10 minutos. E para avaliação da remoção da Salmonella enteritidis, inicialmente inoculou-se 107 UFC/ml destes microrganismos e em seguida procedeu-se a sanitização de uma parte dos melões em água corrente (controle) e em 1000 mg.L-1 de cloramina orgânica, em pH 6,5, adicionados ou não de Tween 80 a 0,1%, enquanto outra parte foi armazenada a 5oC. A sobrevivência dos microrganismos para os tempos 1 e 24 horas foi avaliada. Os tratamentos sanitizantes de cloramina orgânica e ácido peracético adicionados ou não de Tween 80 utilizados neste trabalho mostraram resultados positivos na redução de mesófilos, coliformes a 35 e 45oC e a redução foi maior quando adicionado o surfactante, principalmente para solução sanitizante a 1000 mg.L-1 . Para a Salmonella enteritidis o efeito positivo da solução adicionada de surfactante foi confirmado com a redução de 1,35 e 1,37 ciclos log, com 1 e 24 horas de adesão, respectivamente, em relação ao controle. Após a definição do sanitizante, estudou-se o efeito de 3 embalagens na qualidade e segurança do melão minimamente processado (MMP). Nesta etapa foram utilizados três sistemas de embalagens: 1) Bandejas de poliestiereno expandido envolvido com Poli (cloreto de vinila) (PVC); 2) Bandejas de poliestireno expandido envolvido com PVC perfurado e 3) Caixas de Polietileno tereftalato (PET) com saches absorvedor de umidade no fundo da embalagem. Após processamento mínimo do produto, estes foram acondicionados na mesma e armazenados a 5oC durante 12 dias. Realizaram-se, então, análises físico-químicas (pH, brix e acidez), cor (L*, a*, Croma (C), Hue (H)), textura e análises microbiológicas (mesófilos, psicrotróficos, fungos filamentosos e leveduras, coliformes a 35 e 45oC e Salmonella sp.) a cada quatro dias. Os produtos acondicionados na embalagem 2, foram descartados no 4odia, devido a deterioração. Os parâmetros: pH, brix e acidez, L*, a* e H apresentaram pequenas variações, não afetando a qualidade do produto. Os valores de Croma apresentaram tendência à queda, mas em magnitude que não pronunciada visualmente na cor do produto. O MMP apresentou melhor textura na embalagem 3 (caixa PET). A contagem de mesófilos, psicrotróficos e fungos filamentosos e leveduras foi menor na embalagem 3 (caixa PET) e não foi detectado coliformes e Salmonella sp. em nenhum dos tratamentos. Definindo o sanitizante e a embalagem, estudou-se o efeito do 1-metilciclopropeno (1- MCP), inibidor da ação do etileno, na qualidade e segurança do produto. Nesta etapa o MMP foi tratado com 600 ng.mL-1 em 3 etapas: 1) Tratamento do fruto inteiro em seguida submetido ao processamento mínimo; 2) Tratamento do MMP; 3) Incorporação de 1-MCP em saches que foram colocados no fundo da embalagem do MMP e 4) MMP sem tratamento (controle). Após os tratamentos, os produtos foram acondicionados em caixas PET e armazenados a 5oC por 20 dias e amostras foram coletadas a cada quatro dias, para avaliação quanto ao pH, brix, acidez, cor (L*, a*, Croma (C), Hue (H)), textura, concentração de oxigênio e de etileno, e análises microbiológicas (mesófilos, psicrotróficos, fungos filamentosos e leveduras). Os resultados mostraram que o 1-MCP apresentou efeito positivo na qualidade e segurança do MMP. Neste, o pH, brix e acidez, L*, a*, apresentaram pequenas variações, o croma (C), Hue (H) e o Hue variaram durante o tempo e apresentaram um decréscimo no final do armazenamento para todos os tratamentos, mas esta variação não afetou a cor do produto. A melhor textura e a menor concentração de etileno foi observada nos MMP provenientes do fruto inteiro tratado e dos MMP tratados após processamento mínimo, enquanto ao oxigênio a menor concentração foi no MMP controle. Em relação à microbiologia às contagens para mesófilos e psicrotróficos não ultrapassaram a 106 UFC/g no final do armazenamento, para fungos filamentosos e leveduras esta não ultrapassou 105 UFC/g. Nesta etapa o melhor produto foi obtido dos MMP provenientes do fruto inteiro tratado. A partir dos resultados das etapas anteriores, estudou-se a aceitação do MMP por meio de análise sensorial. Nesta fase experimental os melões foram divididos em quatro partidas, sendo duas para frutos tratados (600 ng.mL-1 de 1-MCP) e duas para frutos não tratados (controle). Cada parte destes melões (tratados e não tratados) foi retirada para processamento mínimo e as outras duas partes foram armazenadas em câmaras frias a 5oC, para que durante a análise sensorial processamento dos mínimo MMP, e estes fossem apresentados como submetidos também ao amostras controle. Os tratamentos foram: 1(MMP tratado); 2 (MMP não tratado); 3 (MMP tratado (controle) e 4 (MMP não tratado (controle). As amostras foram apresentados a 100 provadores, em dois supermercados, durante 15 dias de armazenamento a 5oC, e avaliados por meio da escala hedônica quanto a aparência e sabor. Os resultados sinalizaram notas referentes a gostei ligeiramente e gostei moderadamente , para aparência e sabor das amostras de MMP, durante o tempo de armazenamento.
Food quality and safety are fundamental strategies for the commercialization and introduction of new food products into the market. The minimally processed fruits have been increasingly expanding in national and international markets, highly demanding of food guarantee and safety. This work studied operational procedures in the productive chain of minimum processing of Cantaloupe melon to increase its shelf-life under the aspects of quality and safety. Initially, the efficacy of sanitizing agents (organic chloramine and peracetic acid) combined or not with surfactants were studied in removing mesophilic aerobes total, coliforms at 35 and 450 C and Salmonella enteritidis from the surface of Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) melon. To evaluate the survival of mesophilic aerobes and coliforms at 35 and 45oC, the fruits were submitted to nine treatments: immersion in running water (control) and immersion in 200, 500 and 1000 mg L-1 de organic chloramine at pH 6.5, and 60 mg.L-1 peracetic acid (APA), at pH 5,5, added or not with Tween 80 at 0.1%. The immersion of the fruits in the sanitizing solutions occurred at temperature of 15oC, stirring during 10 minutes. To evaluate the removal of Salmonella enteritidis, 107 UFC.mL-1 of these microorganisms was initially inoculated, followed by sanitizing a part of the melons in running water (control) and in1000 mg L-1 of organic chloramine, at pH 6,5, added or not with Tween 80 at 0,1,%, while another part was stored at 50C. The survival of the microrganisms for the times 1 and 24 hr was evaluated. The organic chloramine and peracetic acid sanitizing treatments added or not with Tween 80 used in this work showed positive results in reducing of mesophilic and coliforms at 35 and 45oC with the reduction being greater when the surfactant was added, mainly for the sanitizing solution at 1000 mg.L-1. For Salmonella enteridis, the positive effect of the added surfactant solution was confirmed with the reduction of 1.35 and 1.37 cycles log, at 1 and 24 hrs of adesion, respectively, in relation to the control. After defining the sanitizing solution, the effect of three packages on the quality and safety of minimally processed melon (MPM) was studied. At this stage, three packaging systems were utilized: 1) expanded polyestierene trays wrapped in Polyvinyl chloride (PVC); 2) expanded polyestirene wrapped in perforated PVC and 3) Polyetilene tereftalate (PET) boxes containing humidity absorbing sachets on the bottom of the package. After undergoing minimum processing, the products were packed and stored at 5o C during 12 days. Physical chemical analyses (pH, brix and acidity), color (L*, a*, Chrome (C), Hue (H) ), texture and microbiological analyses (mesophilic, psychrotrophic bacteria, filamentous fungi and yeasts, coliforms at 35 and 45oC and Salmonella sp.) were carried out every four days. The products in package 2 were discarded on the fourth day, due to deterioration. The parameters: pH, brix and acidity, L*, a* and H displayed small variations, without affecting the quality of the product. Chrome values tended to fall, but in magnitude not visually pronounced in the color of the product. MPM showed the best texture in package 3 (PET box). Mesophilic and psychrotrophic aerobes bacteria and filamentous fungi and ash counting was lower in package 3 (PET box) with no coliforms and Salmonella sp. Being detected in any of the treatments. Having defined the sanitizing solution and the package, the effect of 1- metylcyclopropene (1-MCP), inhibitor of the ethylene action, was studied on the quality and safety of the product. At this stage, MPM was treated with 600 ng.mL 1 in 3 stages: 1) Treatment of the whole fruit followed by minimum processing; 2) Treatment of MPM; 3) Incorporation of 1-MCP into sachets which were placed on the bottom of the MPM package and 4) MPN treatment (control). After the treatments, the products were packed in PET boxes and stored at 50 C for 20 days and samples were collected every four days to evaluate pH, brix and acidity , color (L*, a*, Chrome (C), Hue (H)), texture, concentration of oxygen and ethylene, as well as microbiological analyses (mesophilic, psychrotrophic bacteria, filamentous fungi and yeasts). The results showed that 1-MCP had a positive effect on the quality and safety of MPM, with pH, brix and acidity , L*, a*, presenting small variations, chrome (C), Hue (H)) and Hue varied along time and showed a decrease at the end of storage in all the treatments, however, this variation did not affect the color of the product. The best texture and best ethylene concentration were observed in treatment of the whole fruit followed by minimum processing and Treatment of MPM, while the lowest oxygen concentration was found in the MPM control. Regarding microbiology, the mesophyle and psychrotrophic countings did not surpass 106 UFC/g at the end of the storage with filamentous fungi and yeasts counting not surpassing 105 UFC/g. At this stage, the best product was obtained from treatment 1. Based on the results of the previous stages, MPM acceptance was studied by means of sensorial analysis. In this experimental phase, the melons were divided in 4 parts, with two being for treated fruits (600 ng.mL of 1-MCP) and two for non-treated fruits (control). Each part of the melons (treated and non-treated) was removed for minimum processing and the other two parts were stored in cold chamber at 5oC, so that during sensorial analysis, the MPM could also be submitted to minimum processing and presented as control samples. The treatments were: 1) treated MPM; 2) non-treated MPM; 3) treated MPM (control) and 4 (non-treated MPM (control)). The samples were presented to 100 tasters in two supermarkets during 15 storage days at 5oC, and evaluated by means of hedonic scale regarding appearance and flavor. The results signaled references to liked a little and liked moderately for appearance and flavor of the MPM samples during storage time.

A fungicide trial was established at The University of Arizona Marana Agricultural Center in April 2000 to evaluate rotation and timing of application for several fungicides used for control of powdery mildew on cantaloupe. Treatments included seven registered fungicides: azoxystrobin, micronized sulfur, neem extract, potassium bicarbonate, benomyl, thiophanate methyl and trifloxystrobin. Different rotations and timing of application of these fungicides were applied either before or immediately after initial signs of powdery mildew infection and up to three times thereafter depending on rotation scheme. By the second application, disease severity was mild but increased rapidly, and it was severe by the time of the last application. Powdery mildew was controlled to some degree on the upper leaf surface by all treatments. However, efficacy was more variable on the lower leaf surface and was reduced when applications were made only at dates 1 and 2. Results show the increased efficacy of fungicides with systemic or trans-laminar activity and the possibilities of rotations with contact fungicides for resistance management.

The impact of foliar salt deposition, similar to that which is predicted to occur in the vicinity of the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station, was investigated on cantaloupe and cotton. Simulated salt drift was applied throughout the growing season. There was an increase in the amount of lead found in the fruit harvested from the highest treatment level as compared to the untreated plants. No other observable salt-induced responses were observed in the cantaloupe. A trend toward reduced yields was observed in the cotton plots receiving the salt treatments.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
O aumento do perÃodo de conservaÃÃo dos frutos climatÃricos ocorre pela inibiÃÃo da sÃntese ou da aÃÃo do etileno de forma a retardar o amadurecimento. Uma das formas de controle deste processo pode ser a aplicaÃÃo de reguladores vegetais como o aminoetoxivinilglicina (AVG), um inibidor da biossÃntese do etileno. O AVG evita a formaÃÃo autocatalÃtica do etileno, reduz a respiraÃÃo climatÃrica, a abscisÃo de frutos e aumenta a firmeza da polpa quando pulverizado nas Ãrvores frutÃferas em prÃ-colheita. Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar o efeito da aplicaÃÃo de AVG na maturaÃÃo e qualidade de frutos do meloeiro cantaloupe em condiÃÃes de casa de vegetaÃÃo e de campo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 3 x 5, com trÃs datas de aplicaÃÃo e cinco doses do princÃpio ativo para os dois experimentos, sendo utilizado duas repetiÃÃes, tendo oito plantas por repetiÃÃo no plantio em ambiente protegido e trÃs repetiÃÃes, formadas por cinco frutos em campo. As respostas em cada ambiente foram especÃficas sendo que em casa de vegetaÃÃo o uso do AVG influencia na qualidade dos melÃes, quanto ao tamanho de fruto e cavidade interna; nÃo altera o teor de sÃlidos solÃveis, aÃÃcares totais e firmeza independentemente da dose e aplicaÃÃo do produto e influencia na maturaÃÃo dos frutos de meloeiro promovendo aumento na permanÃncia do fruto à planta quando pulverizados duas ou trÃs vezes, na dose de 270 mg. L-1. Em condiÃÃes de campo o AVG influencia na qualidade dos frutos do meloeiro, proporcionando frutos maiores com cavidade interna menor, maior teor de sÃlidos solÃveis e mais firmes e influencia na maturaÃÃo, promovendo maior permanÃncia dos frutos na planta. Portanto, o AVG influenciou na qualidade e na maturaÃÃo dos frutos de melÃo, sob ambas condiÃÃes de cultivo.
Increased retention of climacteric fruits occurs by inhibiting the synthesis or action of ethylene in order to delay ripening. One way to control this process may be the application of plant growth regulators such as aminoethoxivinilglicin (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis. AVG prevents the formation of autocatalytic ethylene reduces respiration climacteric fruit abscission and increases firmness when sprayed on fruit trees before the harvest. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of AVG on ripening and fruit quality of muskmelon cantaloupe in greenhouse and field. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 3 x 5, with three dates of application and five doses of the active ingredient for the two experiment, being used two replicates, with eight plants per replication at planting in a greenhouse and three replicates of five fruits formed in field. The responses were specific for each environment and in a greenhouse using AVG influences the quality of melons, as the fruit size and internal cavity; does not change the content of soluble solids, total sugars and firmness regardless of dose and application of the product and influences the maturation of melon fruits for increasing the permanence the fruit to the plant when sprayed two or three times at a dose of 270 mg. L-1. Under field conditions the AVG influences the quality of the melon fruit, providing larger fruits with internal cavity smaller, higher soluble solids content and firmness and influences the maturation promoting greater permanence of fruit on the plant. Therefore, AVG influenced the quality and maturity of melon fruits under both culture conditions.

LOURENÇO, I. P. Aminoetoxivinilglicina na qualidade e maturação de melão cantaloupe em condições tropicais. 2013. 99 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia/Fitotecnia) - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2013.
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Increased retention of climacteric fruits occurs by inhibiting the synthesis or action of ethylene in order to delay ripening. One way to control this process may be the application of plant growth regulators such as aminoethoxivinilglicin (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis. AVG prevents the formation of autocatalytic ethylene reduces respiration climacteric fruit abscission and increases firmness when sprayed on fruit trees before the harvest. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of AVG on ripening and fruit quality of muskmelon cantaloupe in greenhouse and field. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 3 x 5, with three dates of application and five doses of the active ingredient for the two experiment, being used two replicates, with eight plants per replication at planting in a greenhouse and three replicates of five fruits formed in field. The responses were specific for each environment and in a greenhouse using AVG influences the quality of melons, as the fruit size and internal cavity; does not change the content of soluble solids, total sugars and firmness regardless of dose and application of the product and influences the maturation of melon fruits for increasing the permanence the fruit to the plant when sprayed two or three times at a dose of 270 mg. L-1. Under field conditions the AVG influences the quality of the melon fruit, providing larger fruits with internal cavity smaller, higher soluble solids content and firmness and influences the maturation promoting greater permanence of fruit on the plant. Therefore, AVG influenced the quality and maturity of melon fruits under both culture conditions.
O aumento do período de conservação dos frutos climatéricos ocorre pela inibição da síntese ou da ação do etileno de forma a retardar o amadurecimento. Uma das formas de controle deste processo pode ser a aplicação de reguladores vegetais como o aminoetoxivinilglicina (AVG), um inibidor da biossíntese do etileno. O AVG evita a formação autocatalítica do etileno, reduz a respiração climatérica, a abscisão de frutos e aumenta a firmeza da polpa quando pulverizado nas árvores frutíferas em pré-colheita. Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar o efeito da aplicação de AVG na maturação e qualidade de frutos do meloeiro cantaloupe em condições de casa de vegetação e de campo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 3 x 5, com três datas de aplicação e cinco doses do princípio ativo para os dois experimentos, sendo utilizado duas repetições, tendo oito plantas por repetição no plantio em ambiente protegido e três repetições, formadas por cinco frutos em campo. As respostas em cada ambiente foram específicas sendo que em casa de vegetação o uso do AVG influencia na qualidade dos melões, quanto ao tamanho de fruto e cavidade interna; não altera o teor de sólidos solúveis, açúcares totais e firmeza independentemente da dose e aplicação do produto e influencia na maturação dos frutos de meloeiro promovendo aumento na permanência do fruto à planta quando pulverizados duas ou três vezes, na dose de 270 mg. L-1. Em condições de campo o AVG influencia na qualidade dos frutos do meloeiro, proporcionando frutos maiores com cavidade interna menor, maior teor de sólidos solúveis e mais firmes e influencia na maturação, promovendo maior permanência dos frutos na planta. Portanto, o AVG influenciou na qualidade e na maturação dos frutos de melão, sob ambas condições de cultivo.

Since the surfaces of cantaloupes are highly rough or irregular, Salmonella enteric and other bacteria can easily attach to these surfaces and are difficult to remove. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is the active ingredient of some antiseptic oral mouth rinses and has a broad antimicrobial spectrum with a rapid bactericidal effect on Gram-positive pathogens. Delmopinol hydrochloride (delmopinol) is a cationic surfactant that is effective for treating and preventing gingivitis and periodontitis. The application of delmopinol or CPC to cantaloupe surfaces may be an alternative post harvest technique to reduce the frequency and level of Salmonella contamination. Cantaloupe (Athena and Hale's Best Jumbo (HBJ) cultivars) rind plugs were inoculated with a broth culture of Salmonella Michigan. After 15 min, plugs were sprayed with 10 ml of a 1% delmopinol solution, or a CPC solution (0.5 or 1.0%) or distilled water (Control), and held at 37 oC for 1 hr or 24 hr. For additional samples, the chemical treatments were applied 15 min before pathogen inoculation. Melon plugs were submerged in Butterfield's Phosphate Buffer, shaken, sonicated and solutions were enumerated on Tryptic Soy Agar. The texture quality and color of additional melon samples were evaluated after delmopinol or CPC spray treatments and storage at 4 oC. A 1.0% application of CPC reduced Salmonella levels up to 2.34 log CFU/ml (Athena) and 4.95 log CFU/ml (HBJ) in comparison to the control (p<0.01). A 1.0% delmopinol treatment reduced Salmonella levels as much as 3.1 log CFU/ml in comparison to the control (p<0.01) on both cultivars. In general, the log recovery of Salmonella on cantaloupes treated with delmopinol or CPC solutions, after 1 hr storage, was significantly lower (p<0.05) than the recovery from control cantaloupes, but Salmonella recovery was not significantly different after 24 hr. No significant differences were observed in the texture and color of melons treated with delmopinol or CPC after 14 days. A surface spray application of delmopinol hydrochloride or cetylpyridinium chloride could be an alternative antimicrobial post-harvest treatment that could make cantaloupes surfaces more susceptible to sanitizers or enhance physical removal of bacteria.
Ph. D.

Six mulches were compared to no mulch on cantaloupes at Yuma in the Spring of 1996. The IRT film and black mulches caused "Mission" cantaloupes to produce significantly higher early yields than white mulch or no mulch. Silver mulch gave good early and total yields. All mulches seemed to favor total production but in this test differences for total yields between mulched and non-mulched plots were not significant.