Relevant bibliographies by topics / Canopy cover

Academic literature on the topic 'Canopy cover'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Canopy cover"

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Aalto, Iris Johanna, Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Janne Heiskanen, Eljas Kullervo Aalto, and Petri Kauko Emil Pellikka. "Strong influence of trees outside forest in regulating microclimate of intensively modified Afromontane landscapes." Biogeosciences 19, no. 17 (September 8, 2022): 4227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022.

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Abstract. Climate change is expected to have detrimental consequences on fragile ecosystems, threatening biodiversity, as well as food security of millions of people. Trees are likely to play a central role in mitigating these impacts. The microclimatic conditions below tree canopies usually differ substantially from the ambient macroclimate as vegetation can buffer temperature changes and variability. Trees cool down their surroundings through several biophysical mechanisms, and the cooling benefits occur also with trees outside forest. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of canopy cover on microclimate in an intensively modified Afromontane landscape in Taita Taveta, Kenya. We studied temperatures recorded by 19 microclimate sensors under different canopy covers, as well as land surface temperature (LST) estimated by Landsat 8 thermal infrared sensor. We combined the temperature records with high-resolution airborne laser scanning data to untangle the combined effects of topography and canopy cover on microclimate. We developed four multivariate regression models to study the joint impacts of topography and canopy cover on LST. The results showed a negative linear relationship between canopy cover percentage and daytime mean (R2=0.65) and maximum (R2=0.75) temperatures. Any increase in canopy cover contributed to reducing temperatures. The average difference between 0 % and 100 % canopy cover sites was 5.2 ∘C in mean temperatures and 10.2 ∘C in maximum temperatures. Canopy cover (CC) reduced LST on average by 0.05 ∘C per percent CC. The influence of canopy cover on microclimate was shown to vary strongly with elevation and ambient temperatures. These results demonstrate that trees have a substantial effect on microclimate, but the effect is dependent on macroclimate, highlighting the importance of maintaining tree cover particularly in warmer conditions. Hence, we demonstrate that trees outside forests can increase climate change resilience in fragmented landscapes, having strong potential for regulating regional and local temperatures.
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Hilton Wolschick, Neuro, Fabrício Tondello Barbosa, Ildegardis Bertol, Kristiana Fiorentin dos Santos, Romeu de Souza Werner, and Bárbara Bagio. "Cobertura do solo, produção de biomassa e acúmulo de nutrientes por plantas de cobertura." Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias 15, no. 2 (August 15, 2016): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5965/223811711522016134.

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Ashapure, Akash, Jinha Jung, Anjin Chang, Sungchan Oh, Murilo Maeda, and Juan Landivar. "A Comparative Study of RGB and Multispectral Sensor-Based Cotton Canopy Cover Modelling Using Multi-Temporal UAS Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 23 (November 23, 2019): 2757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11232757.

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This study presents a comparative study of multispectral and RGB (red, green, and blue) sensor-based cotton canopy cover modelling using multi-temporal unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) imagery. Additionally, a canopy cover model using an RGB sensor is proposed that combines an RGB-based vegetation index with morphological closing. The field experiment was established in 2017 and 2018, where the whole study area was divided into approximately 1 x 1 m size grids. Grid-wise percentage canopy cover was computed using both RGB and multispectral sensors over multiple flights during the growing season of the cotton crop. Initially, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)-based canopy cover was estimated, and this was used as a reference for the comparison with RGB-based canopy cover estimations. To test the maximum achievable performance of RGB-based canopy cover estimation, a pixel-wise classification method was implemented. Later, four RGB-based canopy cover estimation methods were implemented using RGB images, namely Canopeo, the excessive greenness index, the modified red green vegetation index and the red green blue vegetation index. The performance of RGB-based canopy cover estimation was evaluated using NDVI-based canopy cover estimation. The multispectral sensor-based canopy cover model was considered to be a more stable and accurately estimating canopy cover model, whereas the RGB-based canopy cover model was very unstable and failed to identify canopy when cotton leaves changed color after canopy maturation. The application of a morphological closing operation after the thresholding significantly improved the RGB-based canopy cover modeling. The red green blue vegetation index turned out to be the most efficient vegetation index to extract canopy cover with very low average root mean square error (2.94% for the 2017 dataset and 2.82% for the 2018 dataset), with respect to multispectral sensor-based canopy cover estimation. The proposed canopy cover model provides an affordable alternate of the multispectral sensors which are more sensitive and expensive.
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Huffman, Ronald D., Mary Ann Fajvan, and Petra Bohall Wood. "Effects of residual overstory on aspen development in Minnesota." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-202.

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The effects of different amounts of residual canopy on stand development of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) were examined in a chronosequence of 32 stands spanning 6-10 years since harvest. Residual canopy covers ranged from 0 to 65%, and residual basal areas ranged from 0 to 14.4 m2/ha. Aspen regeneration densities ranged from 7130 to 43 672 stems/ha. Regeneration stem density was affected primarily by residual canopy cover (R2 = 0.27, P = 0.0001) and secondarily by stand age (R2 = 0.09, P = 0.004). Aspen density decreased significantly with increasing residual canopy cover for 7-year-old and 8-year-old regeneration. Residual canopy cover did not significantly affect aspen density in 9-year-old regeneration (R2 = 0.02, P = 0.579) but was negatively related to total height of 9-year-old codominant aspens (R2 = 0.49, P = 0.002). Canopy cover was a more accurate representation of the amount of shade the regeneration received than the density or basal area of residual trees. However, the low value of the coefficient of determination from a multiple-regression model indicates that considerable variation in stem densities and height was unexplained by residual canopy cover, even though it was the best predictor of the variables measured.
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Arya*, Neeta, and Jeet Ram. "Influence of canopy cover on vegetation in P. roxburghii sarg (chir-pine) dominated forests in Uttarakhand Himalaya, India." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 06 (May 31, 2016): 4617. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.06.006.

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Increasing anthropogenic pressure and dependence on plant products have led to widespread exploitation of natural forests in the Uttaranchal Himalaya. The present study was carried out to study the influence of canopy cover on tree, shrub and herb vegetation. For this three different canopy types, open canopy (<30%, cover), moderate canopy (30-60%, cover) and close canopy (>60%, cover) were identified in Pinus roxburghii (chir-pine) dominated forests. The study area is located between 290 20’and 290 30’ N latitude and 790 23’ and 790 42’ E longitude between 1350-2000m elevations in Uttarakhand a newly created hill state. Total tree density was high in close canopy sites basal area was greater in open canopy sites. Total shrub density varied from 26107 to 28560 shrub/ha. It was maximum for open canopy sites and minimum for moderate canopy sites. Total shrubs cover varied from 45.8 to 50.6%. Shrubs cover was maximum for moderate canopy sites and minimum for open canopy sites. Herbs density was greater in open canopy and total herbs cover was greater in close canopy. Tree and shrub diversity was high in close canopy sites and herbs diversity in open canopy sites.
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Aditya, Rendy Bayu, and Muhammad Ulul Lizamun Ningam. "Assessing City Greenness using Tree Canopy Cover: The Case of Yogyakarta, Indonesia." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 14, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/10.24057/2071-9388-2020-196.

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The study aims to measure the greenness of an Indonesia city using tree canopy cover data. Rapid physical development brings impacts to the loss of urban trees, which leads to the increase of flooding risk, local temperature and pollution level. To address the issues, a baseline assessment of urban tree canopy existence is necessary as inputs for effective urban environmental management policies. The methods used in this research include 1) remote sensing and spatial analysis, and 2) simple quantitative analysis. Furthermore, three indicators are used in assessing the greenness, including 1) size of the canopy, 2) canopy cover percentage, and 3) canopy per capita. The results found that the city of Yogyakarta has a low level of greenness based on the canopy size in which covers only 467.37 ha or 14.38% of the total area. The second finding is Yogyakarta has an unequal distribution of canopy cover percentage in each district (kecamatan). The third finding is Yogyakarta City has a canopy per capita rate of 10.93 sq m/person. This number is below the UN recommendation of 15sq m / person. It indicates that residents have poor access to urban greenery. Additionally, the article discusses that the three indicators used have strength and weakness in measuring the level of greenness. Therefore, the assessment objectives must be taken into account. We recommend the use of each indicator as follows: 1) the canopy size is used as an initial inventory of the existence and distribution of the canopy, 2) the canopy cover percentage canopy percentage for measuring and comparing the level of greenness spatially and visually between areas, 3) the canopy per capita is used to measure the possibility of access and interaction of residents with the presence of a tree canopy. Cities’ authority can use the information to measure the achievement of SDGs number 11, 13, or 15.
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Aditya, Rendy Bayu, and Muhammad Ulul Lizamun Ningam. "Assessing City Greenness using Tree Canopy Cover: The Case of Yogyakarta, Indonesia." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 14, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2020-212.

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The study aims to measure the greenness of an Indonesia city using tree canopy cover data. Rapid physical development brings impacts to the loss of urban trees, which leads to the increase of flooding risk, local temperature and pollution level. To address the issues, a baseline assessment of urban tree canopy existence is necessary as inputs for effective urban environmental management policies. The methods used in this research include 1) remote sensing and spatial analysis, and 2) simple quantitative analysis. Furthermore, three indicators are used in assessing the greenness, including 1) size of the canopy, 2) canopy cover percentage, and 3) canopy per capita. The results found that the city of Yogyakarta has a low level of greenness based on the canopy size in which covers only 467.37 ha or 14.38% of the total area. The second finding is Yogyakarta has an unequal distribution of canopy cover percentage in each district (kecamatan). The third finding is Yogyakarta City has a canopy per capita rate of 10.93 sq m/person. This number is below the UN recommendation of 15sq m / person. It indicates that residents have poor access to urban greenery. Additionally, the article discusses that the three indicators used have strength and weakness in measuring the level of greenness. Therefore, the assessment objectives must be taken into account. We recommend the use of each indicator as follows: 1) the canopy size is used as an initial inventory of the existence and distribution of the canopy, 2) the canopy cover percentage canopy percentage for measuring and comparing the level of greenness spatially and visually between areas, 3) the canopy per capita is used to measure the possibility of access and interaction of residents with the presence of a tree canopy. Cities’ authority can use the information to measure the achievement of SDGs number 11, 13, or 15.
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Aditya, Rendy Bayu, and Muhammad Ulul Lizamun Ningam. "Assessing City Greenness using Tree Canopy Cover: The Case of Yogyakarta, Indonesia." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 14, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2020-196.

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The study aims to measure the greenness of an Indonesia city using tree canopy cover data. Rapid physical development brings impacts to the loss of urban trees, which leads to the increase of flooding risk, local temperature and pollution level. To address the issues, a baseline assessment of urban tree canopy existence is necessary as inputs for effective urban environmental management policies. The methods used in this research include 1) remote sensing and spatial analysis, and 2) simple quantitative analysis. Furthermore, three indicators are used in assessing the greenness, including 1) size of the canopy, 2) canopy cover percentage, and 3) canopy per capita. The results found that the city of Yogyakarta has a low level of greenness based on the canopy size in which covers only 467.37 ha or 14.38% of the total area. The second finding is Yogyakarta has an unequal distribution of canopy cover percentage in each district (kecamatan). The third finding is Yogyakarta City has a canopy per capita rate of 10.93 sq m/person. This number is below the UN recommendation of 15sq m / person. It indicates that residents have poor access to urban greenery. Additionally, the article discusses that the three indicators used have strength and weakness in measuring the level of greenness. Therefore, the assessment objectives must be taken into account. We recommend the use of each indicator as follows: 1) the canopy size is used as an initial inventory of the existence and distribution of the canopy, 2) the canopy cover percentage canopy percentage for measuring and comparing the level of greenness spatially and visually between areas, 3) the canopy per capita is used to measure the possibility of access and interaction of residents with the presence of a tree canopy. Cities’ authority can use the information to measure the achievement of SDGs number 11, 13, or 15.
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Nur Syahida, A. M., and A. B. Azinoor Azida. "The effect of vegetation canopy on canopy storage capacity with different rainfall intensity." MATEC Web of Conferences 250 (2018): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825004001.

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Canopy Interception is one of the vital component in hydrological cycle and underestimating the interception process can significantly affect the water balance. A study of rainfall interception was conducted using rainfall simulator called hydrology apparatus. Three different rainfall intensities were used in this study; 90 mm/hr, 140 mm/hr and 180 mm/hr. These intensities were produced by 8 nozzles. The test were first carried out on the barren land without the existence of canopy cover. To study the effect of canopy cover on canopy storage capacity, broadleaf plant (Scindapsus Aureus) was used to cover the barren land. The differences between the amount of water discharge between these two different land covers were observed to determine the quantity of water stored in the canopy. Results indicated that Scindapsus Aureus intercepted more water at lower intensity than at higher intensity. The lowest intensity was 90 mm/hr stored 1.6mm of rainwater while 140 mm/hr retained 0.8 mm. 180 mm/hr was the highest rainfall intensity used in this study intercepted 0.3mm of total precipitation. Therefore, this study proved that rainfall intensity is one of the main factors that influence the rainfall interception process.
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Fidelibus, Matthew W., Stephen J. Vasquez, and S. Kaan Kurtural. "Late-season Plastic Canopy Covers Affect Canopy Microclimate and Fruit Quality of ‘Autumn King’ and ‘Redglobe’ Table Grapes." HortTechnology 26, no. 2 (April 2016): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.26.2.141.

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California table grape (Vitis vinifera) growers cover the canopies of late-season varieties with plastic (polyethylene) covers to shield the fruit from rain. Green- or white-colored covers are commonly used, but there is lack of information whether either cover might be preferable based on canopy microclimate or fruit quality. In late September, ‘Redglobe’ (in 2011) and ‘Autumn King’ (in 2012) table grapevines were covered with green or white plastic, or left uncovered, and canopy microclimate, fungal and bacterial rot incidence, and fruit yield and quality at harvest, and after postharvest storage, were evaluated. Green covers were more transparent and less reflective than white covers, and daily maximum temperature difference in the top center of the canopies of grapevine with green covers was consistently >5 °C than that of grapevine subjected to other treatments, but covers had little effect on temperatures in the fruit zones, which were not enveloped by covers. Effects on relative humidity (RH) depended on location within the canopy and time of day; RH peaked in early morning and was at a minimum in late afternoon. All cover treatments had relatively similar peak RH in south-facing fruit zones and the top center of the canopy. However, in the north-facing fruit zone, vines with green covers had higher RH at night than vines subjected to other treatments. Both covers consistently reduced evaporative potential in the top center of the canopy, but not in fruit zones. Treatment effects on condensation beneath the covers were inconsistent, possibly due to differences in canopy size, variety, or season, but south-facing cover surfaces generally had less condensation than the top or north-facing surfaces. About 0.5 inch of rain fell on 5 Oct. 2011, but no rain occurred during the 2012 experiment. In 2011, green covers delayed fruit maturation slightly, but not in 2012. Covers did not affect vineyard rot incidence, the number of boxes of fruit harvested, or postharvest fruit quality in 2011, but fruit from covered grapevine had less postharvest rot in 2012 than fruit from noncovered grapevines, even though a measurable rain event occurred in 2011 but not in 2012. In conclusion, our results suggest that white covers may be preferable to green since green covers were associated with higher temperatures in both seasons and higher RH in the ‘Autumn King’ trial of 2012, but otherwise performed similarly.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Canopy cover"

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Noble, Sidney Lake. "The Influence of Canopy Cover and Canopy Heterogeneity on Plant Diversity within Oak Savannas." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1595843486558554.

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Cuello, Nerea. "NEW CONCEPT OF A STROLLER CANOPY." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Industridesign, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49442.

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This master thesis report describes the process of designing, developing and building an accessory for a stroller that protects the kid from rain and sun. The project is a collaboration with Thule Sweden AB, in Hillerstorp.The work starts with developing a new concept idea for Thule’s category “Active with kids”, in the line of strollers, and with a focus on the Southern Europe market, more concretely Spain. The design proposal fits and expresses Thule’s vision and brand language.The project started with gaining knowledge about the market, investigating the user needs with surveys to find out the design goals. An iterative process of ideation, brainstorming and building mock-ups ended with a final concept that was going to be further developed. A full-scale model was built to test the idea from the functional and aesthetic perspective. The materials used were mainly fabrics, foam, zippers, thread and a lot of sewing.The result is a new stroller canopy for different weather conditions. It is well equipped to improve parents experience when going out for a ride with their child.It has to be mentioned that this master thesis research section was conducted in pairs, between Berta Cester and Nerea Cuello, and the rest of the phases was an individual work. As a result, two different products were produced for the same category, the stroller market.
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Malnou, Cathy. "A canopy approach to nitrogen recommendation for the sugar beet crop." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288992.

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Brinez, Carolina. "Dynamics of canopy cover in a wet forest in Costa Rica." FIU Digital Commons, 2005. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1884.

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I examined the effects of soil and slope conditions on canopy dynamics in terms of openness and leaf area index through time as measured by hemispherical photography. Specifically, I compared alluvial versus residual soil and slope versus plateau and flat plots in an old-growth tropical wet forest in Costa Rica. No significant effects of slope were found for any estimator of canopy coverage in any analysis. Soil type approached significance as a single factor and several soil*year interactions were highly significant. In addition, I found highly significant inter-annual variation in all analyses that was concordant on all plot types. This is the first long-term study to document substantial inter-annual variation in canopy cover for a tropical wet forest. These patterns are a combination of seasonal changes in leaf area, forest dynamics resulting from gap formation and closure, and inter-annual variation in leaf area coverage caused by climate variation.
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Berdie, Ian Joseph. "Assessing Canopy Cover Requirements of Storm's Stork (Ciconia stormi) at Multiple Scales." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/132.

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Much conservation work focuses on individual species, partly because of the perception that wildlife species are effective symbols for raising funds and drawing awareness to environmental causes. However, for species-based studies to aid conservation efforts, the biological and ecological needs of species need to be addressed in a way that informs decisions and provides concrete recommendations for land managers. This thesis addresses the forest cover needs of Ciconia stormi, a rare and understudied bird species that inhabits the islands of Borneo and Sumatra and parts of peninsular Malaysia. Levels of forest canopy cover associated with areas inhabited by Ciconia stormi are identified at multiple spatial resolutions using a 500m MODIS soft classification product, 30m Landsat data, and hemispherical photographs. Important threshold values of 75 percent tree cover was identified at the regional scale, and 85 percent at foraging sites. There has been severe forest disturbance in regions inhabited by Ciconia stormi between 1993 and 2004, indicating the species may be somewhat tolerant to disturbance. Areas having been logged at least 20 years before present average over 85 percent canopy cover and have few large gaps, indicating that these forests may be suitable habitat for the species.
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Goff, Bruce Franklin. "Dynamics of canopy structure and soil surface cover in a semiarid grassland." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1985_503_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Kang, Katherina A. "Soil Carbon Accumulation in an Urban Ecosystem: Canopy Cover and Management Effects." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703418/.

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Black carbon (BC), a stable form of organic carbon (OC), is a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of biomass, biofuels, and fossil fuel. The main objectives of this research are to examine the spatial distribution of OC and BC in urban soil and determine the influence of tree canopy cover and landscape maintenance on soil carbon accumulation. Soil sampling was conducted at 29 sites throughout the City of Denton, Texas, in May 2019. Samples were collected from underneath post oak canopies and in adjacent open areas and were analyzed for total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), total N (TN), C:N ratio, and BC. Although maintenance levels had no significant effect, TOC was greater underneath trees (5.47%, 5.30 kg/m2) than lawns (3.58%, 4.84 kg/m2) at the surface 0-10 cm. Total nitrogen concentration was also greater underneath trees (0.43%) than lawns (0.31%) at the surface 0-10 cm. Preliminary results for BC were closely correlated to TOC. The lack of difference in C:N ratio between cover types indicates that leaf litter quality may not be the primary driving factor in soil C and N accumulation. Instead, differences in soil properties may be best explained by manual C inputs and greater atmospheric deposition of C and N to soils with tree canopy cover. Identifying patterns and potential drivers of soil OC and BC accumulation is important because soil carbon sequestration not only reduces atmospheric CO2, but also may provide additional pollution mitigation benefits, thereby contributing to a more sustainable urban environment.
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Kimball, Pulelehua L. "Urban Tree Canopy Assessments in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48057.

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An urban tree canopy assessment (UTCA) is a new technology that can inform management decisions to optimize the economic, social and environmental benefits provided by urban forests. A UTCA uses remote sensing to create a comprehensive spatial snapshot of a locality's land cover, classified at a very fine scale (1 meter or less). Over the past decade, UTCAs have been conducted for numerous localities in the Chesapeake Bay watershed (CBW) as part of a strategy to enhance urban tree canopy (UTC) and reduce stormwater runoff that pollutes the Chesapeake Bay. Our research examined how local governments employ these UTCAs and identified barriers to and drivers of UTCA use for urban forest planning and management. We conducted a web-based survey of all localities in the CBW with populations over 2,500 for which a UTCA existed as of May 2013. We found that 33% of respondents reported being unaware that a UTCA existed for their locality. Even so, survey results showed that localities aware of their UTCA were using it to establish UTC goals, create and implement strategies to achieve those goals, and monitoring progress towards UTC goals. Survey localities were segmented based on how they reported using their UTCA to provide insight on possible outreach and technical assistance strategies that might improve future UTCA use. Overall, we found that larger localities with more developed urban forestry programs use their UTCA more frequently. However, we found several exceptions, suggesting that UTCAs could be an important catalyst for expanding municipal urban forestry programs.
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Gaulton, Rachel. "Remote sensing for continuous cover forestry : quantifying spatial structure and canopy gap distribution." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3419.

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The conversion of UK even-aged conifer plantations to continuous cover forestry (CCF), a form of forest management that maintains forest cover over time and avoids clear-cutting, requires more frequent and spatially explicit monitoring of forest structure than traditional systems. Key aims of CCF management are to increase the spatial heterogeneity of forest stands and to make increased use of natural regeneration, but judging success in meeting these objectives and allowing an adaptive approach to management requires information on spatial structure at a within-stand scale. Airborne remote sensing provides an alternative approach to field survey and has potential to meet these monitoring needs over large areas. An integral part of CCF is the creation of canopy gaps, allowing regeneration by increasing understorey light levels. This study examined the use of airborne lidar and passive optical data for the identification and characterisation of canopy gaps within UK Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) plantations. The potential for using the distribution of canopy and gaps within a stand to quantify spatial heterogeneity and allow the detection of changes in spatial structure, between stands and over time, was assessed. Detailed field surveys of six study plots, located in three UK spruce plantations, allowed assessment of the accuracy of gap delineation from remotely sensed data. Airborne data (multispectral, hyperspectral and lidar) were acquired for all sites. A novel approach to the delineation of gaps from lidar data was developed, delineating gaps directly from the lidar point cloud, avoiding the interpolation errors (and associated under-estimation of gap area) resulting from conversion to a canopy height model. This method resulted in improved accuracy of delineation compared to past techniques (overall accuracy of 78% compared to field gap delineations), especially when applied to lidar data collected at relatively low point densities. However, lidar data can be costly to acquire and provides little information about the presence of natural regeneration or other understorey vegetation within gaps. For these reasons, the potential of passive optical (and in particular, hyperspectral) data for gap delineation was also considered. The use of spectral indices, based on shortwave infrared reflectance or hyperspectral characteristics of the red- edge and chlorophyll absorption well, were shown to enhance the discrimination of canopy and gap and reduce the influence of illumination conditions. An average overall accuracy of 71% was obtained using hyperspectral characteristics for gap delineation, suggesting the use of optical data compares reasonably to results from lidar. Methods based on shortwave infrared (SWIR) reflectance were shown to be sensitive to within gap vegetation type, with SWIR reflectance being lower in the presence of natural regeneration. Potential for using optical data to classify within gap vegetation type was also demonstrated. Methods of quantifying spatial structure through the use of indices describing variations in gap size, shape and distribution were found to allow the detection of structural differences between stands and changes over time. Gap distribution based indices were also found to be strongly related to alternative methods based on relative tree positions, suggesting significant potential for consistent monitoring of structural changes during conversion of plantations to CCF. Remotely sensed delineations of canopy gap distribution may also allow spatially explicit modelling of understorey light conditions and potential for regeneration, providing further information to aid the effective management of CCF forests.
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Donaldson, Jason. "Do trees suppress grass fuel loads? : canopy cover effects in South African savannas." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26376.

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Continental scale analysis of the savanna biome indicated that fire did not spread at tree canopy cover above 40%. This study investigates this relationship in a field study. It is possible that the type of tree (forest vs. savanna) may influence the amount of shade experienced by the understory and therefore this study also explores differences in LAI between congeneric pairs of forest and savanna tree species. Data were collected in two major South African savanna parks. Plots were set out to measure grass biomass in reference to canopy cover in both Kruger National Park (n=60) and the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve (n=82). Seven congeneric pairs were selected to compare leaf area and LAI between forest and savanna tree species using a destructive method. Against expectations, it was only when canopy cover reached 80% that grass fuel load was too low to support fire spread in all Kruger National Park plots (Pr=O) and 89% of the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve plots (Pr=0.11). No consistent, general relationships were evident with leaf area or LAI in comparisons between forest-savanna congeneric pairs. The significance of these findings and future direction is discussed.
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Books on the topic "Canopy cover"

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Schreuder, Hans T. Accuracy assessment of percent canopy cover, cover type, and size class. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2003.

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2

O'Brien, Renee. Comparison of overstory canopy cover estimates on forest survey plots. Ogden, UT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1989.

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O'Brien, Renee. Comparison of overstory canopy cover estimates on forest survey plots. Ogden, UT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1989.

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O'Brien, Renee. Comparison of overstory canopy cover estimates on forest survey plots. [Ogden, Utah]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1989.

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Bentley, Cathy V. Prediction of residual canopy cover for white pine in Central Ontario. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont: Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1996.

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Crookston, Nicholas L. Percent canopy cover and stand structure statistics from the forest vegetation simulator. Ogden, UT (324 25th St., Ogden 84401): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1999.

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Crookston, Nicholas L. Percent canopy cover and stand structure statistics from the forest vegetation simulator. Ogden, UT (324 25th St., Ogden 84401): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1999.

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Moeur, Melinda. COVER: A user's guide to the CANOPY and SHRUBS extension of the Stand Prognosis Model. Ogden, UT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1985.

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Moeur, Melinda. COVER: A user's guide to the CANOPY and SHRUBS extension of the Stand Prognosis Model. Ogden, UT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1985.

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illustrator, Goyal Sonal, Sakhuja Sumit illustrator, and Bastons Compta Laura translator, eds. I love to eat fruits and vegetables: Me encanta comer frutas y verduras. [United States?]: Shelley Admont Publishing, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Canopy cover"

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Magnussen, Steen, Mike Wulder, and David Seemann. "Stand Canopy Closure Estimated by Line Sampling with airborne Lidar." In Continuous Cover Forestry, 1–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9886-6_1.

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Breman, Henk, and Jan-Joost Kessler. "The Distribution and Canopy Cover of Woody Species." In Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences, 4–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79207-6_2.

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Carlos, Bartesaghi-Koc, Soebarto Veronica, Hawken Scott, and Sharifi Ehsan. "The Potential for Urban Canopy Cover to Reduce Heat-Related Mortality in Adelaide." In Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology, 249–73. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4707-0_13.

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Korhonen, Lauri, and Felix Morsdorf. "Estimation of Canopy Cover, Gap Fraction and Leaf Area Index with Airborne Laser Scanning." In Forestry Applications of Airborne Laser Scanning, 397–417. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8663-8_20.

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Klassen, S. P., G. Ritchie, J. M. Frantz, D. Pinnock, and B. Bugbee. "Real-Time Imaging of Ground Cover: Relationships with Radiation Capture, Canopy Photosynthesis, and Daily Growth Rate." In ASA Special Publications, 1–14. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub66.c1.

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Saha, Asish, Manoranjan Ghosh, Subodh Chandra Pal, Indrajit Chowdhuri, Rabin Chakrabortty, Paramita Roy, Biswajit Das, and Sadhan Malik. "Assessment of Forest Cover Dynamics using Forest Canopy Density Model in Sali River Basin: A Spill Channel of Damodar River." In Spatial Modeling in Forest Resources Management, 365–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56542-8_15.

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Floris, Antonio, and Lucio Di Cosmo. "Protective Function and Primary Designated Management Objective." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 469–502. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98678-0_11.

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AbstractIn a framework of multiple services supplied simultaneously by forests, the protection against natural hazards is one of the most important. Forests deliver conservation of natural resources, including soil and water, and other environmental services. They slow water dispersion and allow for infiltration and percolation of rainwater, which recharges soil and underground water storage. Forest cover, moreover, protects soil from wind and water erosion, avalanches and landslides. INFC collects a wide range of information related to the protective function of Italian wooded areas. This chapter shows estimates regarding such physical site characteristics, as slope, land position and aspect which, together with tree canopy coverage and terrain roughness, can condition the protective role of forests. Inventory statistics on terrain instability and hydrogeological constraint, as defined by national laws, are shown as well, the latter being a basis of most national and regional regulations on forest management. Finally, the presence of a primary designated management objective has been assessed with a particular focus on direct and indirect protection. Estimates on such attributes are shown in the last section of this chapter.
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Rudofossi, Daniel M. "Dialogue, Insight, and Discovery—A Canopy of Shadows and Hues." In Covert Operations Unveiling Organized Crime, 120–50. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032202761-7.

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Biswas, Apratim, and Chalantika Laha Salui. "Change Analysis of Biophysical Parameters of Mangrove Forests over Indian Sundarbans using Geospatial Techniques: A Special Emphasis on Leaf Area Index and Percentage Canopy Cover." In Sundarbans Mangrove Systems, 125–42. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003083573-7.

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"Canopy Cover." In Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires, 81–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52090-2_300035.

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Conference papers on the topic "Canopy cover"

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Liu, Qingwang, Shiming Li, Kailong Hu, Yong Pang, and Zengyuan Li. "Forest canopy cover analysis using UAS lidar." In 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2017.8127596.

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Chen, Richard H., Naiara Pinto, Xueyang Duan, Alireza Tabatabaeenejad, and Mahta Moghaddam. "Mapping Tree Canopy Cover and Canopy Height with L-Band SAR Using LiDAR Data and Random Forests." In IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323738.

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Ferraz, Antonio, Clement Mallet, Gil Goncalves, Margarida Tome, Paula Soares, Luisa Pereira, and Stephane Jacquemoud. "Single strata canopy cover estimation using airborne laser scanning data." In IGARSS 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2013.6721122.

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Cochran, Jeff, Shirley E. Clark, and Melinda M. Lalor. "Effect of Canopy Cover on the Volume of Rain Throughfall." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)180.

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Parela, Artha, and Muhammad Kamal. "Estimation of Mangrove Fractional Canopy Cover using Sentinel-2A Imagery." In 2020 6th International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icst50505.2020.9732876.

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Fernandez-Gallego, Jose A., Shawn C. Kefauver, Samir Kerfal, and José Luis Araus. "Comparative canopy cover estimation using RGB images from UAV and ground." In Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology, edited by Christopher M. Neale and Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2501531.

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Mahardhika, Shifa A., and Muhammad Kamal. "Estimation of Fractional Canopy Cover of Bedul Mangrove Forest Using PlanetScope Imagery." In 2020 6th International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icst50505.2020.9732791.

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Cao, Chunxiang, Min Xu, Yunfei Bao, and Hao Zhang. "Synchronous retrieval of forest canopy cover by airborn LiDAR and optical remote sensing." In IGARSS 2010 - 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2010.5649315.

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Rudianto, Yoga, Lilik Budi Prasetyo, Yudi Setiawan, and Sahid Hudjimartsu. "Canopy cover estimation of agroforestry based on airborne LiDAR and Landsat 8 OLI." In Sixth International Symposium on LAPAN-IPB Satellite, edited by Tien Dat Pham, Kasturi D. Kanniah, Kohei Arai, Gay Jane P. Perez, Yudi Setiawan, Lilik B. Prasetyo, and Yuji Murayama. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2541549.

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"Relationship of Canopy Cover with TanDEM-X Features in a Tropical Peat Swamp Forest." In GI_Forum 2013 - Creating the GISociety. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/giscience2013s109.

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Reports on the topic "Canopy cover"

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Schreuder, H. T., S. Bain, and R. C. Czaplewski. Accuracy assessment of percent canopy cover, cover type, and size class. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-108.

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McPherson, Gregory E., James R. Simpson, Qingfu Xiao, and Wu Chunxia. Los Angeles 1-Million tree canopy cover assessment. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-gtr-207.

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Crookston, Nicholas L., and Albert R. Stage. Percent canopy cover and stand structure statistics from the Forest Vegetation Simulator. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-24.

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Hochmair, Hartwig, Adam Benjamin, Daniel Gann, Levente Juhasz, and Zhaohui Fu. Miami-Dade County Urban Tree Canopy Analysis. Florida International University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/gis.009116.

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This assessment focuses on describing urban tree canopy (UTC) within the Urban Development Boundary of Miami-Dade County, as defined by the Miami-Dade County Transportation Planning Organization (Figure 1). The area (intracoastal water areas excluded) encompasses approximately 1147 km2 (443 mi2). A combination of remote sensing and publicly available vector data was used to classify the following land cover classes: tree canopy/shrubs, grass, bare ground, wetland, water, building, street/railroad, other impervious surfaces, and cropland.
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Moeur, Melinda. COVER: A user's guide to the CANOPY and SHRUBS extension of the Stand Prognosis Model. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/int-gtr-190.

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Rosse, Anine. Stream channel monitoring for Wind Cave National Park 2021 Data report. National Park Service, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2296623.

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The Northern Great Plains Inventory and Monitoring Network (NGPN) began stream channel monitoring in Highland Creek at Wind Cave National Park (WICA) in 2021. This data report summarizes the data collected during the 2021 season pertaining to watershed, reach, and physical habitat. After data are collected for at least four cycles, trends may be reported. This report covers three main areas: 1) Reporting on upland channel characteristics data that may affect habitat such as: land cover, drainage area, and total stream length; 2) Reporting of geomorphic dimensions such as: channel widths, bank angles, vegetative cover, reach slope, measures of bank stability; and 3) Determining physical habitat characteristics such as: size and distribution of bed sediment, large woody debris, and canopy cover. Indices, benchmarks, and other studies are provided in the table for informational purposes to help put Highland Creek’s measurements in context but should not be considered as a reference condition. Upland characteristics of the watershed indicate high natural land use cover (forest, grassland, and shrubland) with little development in the area. Reach characteristics include bank cover, heights, bank stability index, and vegetative cover. In addition to animal-induced erosion of the banks, bank sloughing and widening are occurring. Angles are steep, and there are some sandy banks that are unstable. When plots are revisited in three years, there will be greater understanding of the processes at play and the condition of the stream. Physical characteristics include median particle size, percentage fine substrate, geomorphic units, and canopy cover. Gravel substrate still covers much of the stream; there are wide meanders in the stream bed; and a variety of geomorphic channel units (pool, riffle, run) occur in the creek all of which are indicators of healthy habitat. While there is an absence of large woody debris and canopy cover is low, many grassland streams in good condition can have similar characteristics. More data are needed to fully assess those components and determine a suitable reference condition that can be used to later assess the status and trends of Highland Creek. The reach data contained in this report are specific to a short 150-m segment of Highland Creek and cannot be extrapolated to conditions elsewhere in the creek or to the park in general. Bank erosion and bank instability were observed along the majority of transects at site WICA SCM 001.
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Lorber, Jean, Melissa A. Thomas-Van Gundy, and Steve Croy. Characterizing effects of prescribed fire on forest canopy cover in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-rp-31.

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Ramsey, Jeff. Tree Canopy Cover and Potential in Portland, OR: A Spatial Analysis of the Urban Forest and Capacity for Growth. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6988.

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Short, Mary, and Sherry Leis. Vegetation monitoring in the Manley Woods unit at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield: 1998–2020. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293615.

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Natural resource management at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield (NB) is guided by our understanding of the woodlands and prairies at the time of the Civil War battle in 1861. This report is focused on the Manley Woods unit of the park. This unit is an oak-hickory woodland in the Springfield Plain subsection of the Ozarks. Canopy closure for Missouri oak woodlands can be highly variable and ranges from 30–100% across the spectrum of savanna, open woodland, and closed woodland types. In 1861, the woodland was likely a savanna community. Changes in land use (e.g., fire exclusion) caused an increase in tree density in woodlands at Wilson’s Creek NB and across the Ozarks. Savannas and open woodlands transitioned to closed canopy woodlands over time. Park management plans include restoring the area to a savanna/open woodland structure. Prescribed fire was reintroduced to Wilson’s Creek NB in 1988 and continues as the primary mechanism for reducing the tree canopy. The Manley Woods unit of Wilson’s Creek NB has been subject to intense natural and anthropogenic disturbance events such as a tornado in 2003, timber removal in 2005, prescribed fires in 2006, 2009, and 2019, an ice storm in 2007, and periodic drought. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (hereafter, Heartland Network) installed four permanent monitoring sites within the Manley Woods area of the park in 1997. Initially, we assessed ground flora and regeneration within the sites (1998–1999). We added fuel sampling after the 2003 tornado. Although overstory sampling occurred prior to the tornado, the protocol was not yet stabilized and pre-2003 overstory data were not included in these analyses. In this report, we focus on the overstory, tree regeneration, and ground cover metrics; ground flora data will be assessed in future analyses. Heartland Network monitoring data reveal that Manley Woods has undergone substantial change in canopy cover and midstory trees since 1998. While basal area and density metrics classify Manley Woods as an open woodland, the closed canopy of the midstory and overstory reveal a plant community that is moving toward closed woodland or forest structure. The most recent fire in 2019 was patchy and mild, resulting in continued increases in fuels. Ground cover metrics indicate infrequent disturbance since leaf litter continued to increase. Management objectives to restore savanna or woodland composition and structure to the Manley Woods overstory, regeneration layer, and ground cover will require implementation of prescribed fire in the future. Repeated fires can thin midstory trees and limit less fire tolerant early seral species. Additionally, mechanical or chemical treatments to reduce undesirable tree species should be considered for woodland restoration. Decreasing canopy closure is an important and essential step toward the restoration of a functioning savanna/open woodland plant community in Manley Woods. Treatments that thin the midstory and reduce fuel loading will also benefit these plant communities. With the anticipated changing climate, maintaining an open woodland community type may also provide resilience through management for native species tolerant of increasingly warmer temperatures.
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Weissinger, Rebecca, and Dana Witwicki. Riparian monitoring of wadeable streams at Courthouse Wash, Arches National Park: Summary report, 2010–2019. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287907.

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The goal of Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) riparian monitoring is to determine long-term trends in hydrologic, geomorphic, and vegetative properties of wadeable streams in the context of changes in other ecological drivers, stressors, and processes. This information is intended to provide early warning of resource degradation and determine natural variability of wadeable streams. This report summarizes NCPN monitoring of Courthouse Wash in Arches National Park (NP) from 2010 to 2019. The focus of this report is to (1) present geomorphology and vegetation data from five reaches monitored in Courthouse Wash from 2010 to 2015, and (2) examine patterns in water availability at one monitoring reach from November 2010 to December 2019. Vegetation sampling and geomorphology surveys were suspended in 2016 due to budget cuts; this report presents baseline data for future comparisons. The NCPN has five monitoring reaches located between the inflow of Sevenmile Canyon, a major tributary, and the terminus of Courthouse Wash, at the Colorado River. Two reaches (2, 5) are located in Upper Courthouse Wash, and three (1, 4, 7) in Lower Courthouse Wash. Hydrologic monitoring wells are installed only at Reach 1. During our monitoring period, which included drought years in 2012 and 2018 and a wetter-than-average period from fall 2013 to 2014, groundwater levels showed steep declines corresponding to the start of the growing season each year. Hot, dry summers and falls in 2012, 2018, and 2019 showed the deepest troughs in groundwater levels. Active monsoon years helped elevate summer and fall groundwater levels in 2013 and 2014. Continued monitoring will help us better understand the relationship of climate and water availability at this reach. A geomorphic survey was completed once for reaches 2, 4, and 7, and twice for reaches 5 and 1. Powerful floods during our monitoring period resulted in aggradation of the channel in reaches 5 and 1, which were first surveyed in March 2013. Flooding in September 2013 resulted in an average of 0.24 meters of deposition found in the channel thalweg at Reach 1 in March 2014. Storm events in May 2014 caused additional aggradation. In March 2015, an average of 0.41 meters of deposition was recorded in the channel thalweg at Reach 5, with 0.32 meters of deposition between the vegetation transect headpins compared to the 2013 data. The riparian vegetation recorded at our monitoring reaches is consistent with an open-canopy Fremont cottonwood woodland with a diverse understory. Canopy closure ranged from 29% to 52%. Measurements were sensitive enough to detect a 10% reduction in canopy closure at Reach 5 during a pest infestation in June 2013. Canopy closure subsequently rebounded at the reach by 2015. Total obligate and facultative wetland cover ranged from 7% to 26%. Fremont cottonwood seedlings, saplings, and overstory trees were present at all reaches, indicating good potential for future regeneration of the canopy structure. These data can serve as a baseline for comparison with future monitoring efforts. One area of management concern is that exotic-plant frequency and cover were relatively high in all monitoring reaches. Exotic cover ranged from 2% to 30%. High exotic cover was related to years with high cover of annual brome grasses. High cover of exotic grasses is associated with increased wildfire risk in southwestern riparian systems, which are not well-adapted to fire. Managers should be prepared for this increased risk following wet winters that promote annual brome grass cover. Beaver activity was noted throughout bedrock-constrained reaches in Courthouse Wash. Beaver activity can reduce adjacent woody riparian vegetation cover, but it also contributes to maintaining a higher water table and persistent surface water. Climate change is likely to be an increasingly significant stressor in Courthouse Wash, as hotter, drier conditions decrease water levels and increase drought stress...
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