Journal articles: 'Canonical Codes'

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Bartholomew, Andrew, Roger Fenn, Naoko Kamada, and Seiichi Kamada. "On gauss codes of virtual doodles." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 27, no. 11 (October 2018): 1843013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216518430137.

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We discuss Gauss codes of virtual diagrams and virtual doodles. The notion of a left canonical Gauss code is introduced and it is shown that oriented virtual doodles are uniquely presented by left canonical Gauss codes.

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Tautges, Timothy J. "Canonical numbering systems for finite‐element codes." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering 26, no. 12 (March 6, 2009): 1559–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1237.

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Ali, Mumtaz, Huma Khan, Le Son, Florentin Smarandache, and W. Kandasamy. "New Soft Set Based Class of Linear Algebraic Codes." Symmetry 10, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10100510.

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In this paper, we design and develop a new class of linear algebraic codes defined as soft linear algebraic codes using soft sets. The advantage of using these codes is that they have the ability to transmit m-distinct messages to m-set of receivers simultaneously. The methods of generating and decoding these new classes of soft linear algebraic codes have been developed. The notion of soft canonical generator matrix, soft canonical parity check matrix, and soft syndrome are defined to aid in construction and decoding of these codes. Error detection and correction of these codes are developed and illustrated by an example.

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Viana Felix, Luciano, and Marcelo Firer. "Canonical- systematic form for codes in hierarchical poset metrics." Advances in Mathematics of Communications 6, no. 3 (2012): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/amc.2012.6.315.

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Mailman, Joshua Banks. "Babbitt's Canonical Form Revisited: Codes and Metaphors for Epistemology." Perspectives of New Music 58, no. 2 (2020): 215–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pnm.2020.0016.

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Forney, G. D., R. Johannesson, and Zhe-Xian Wan. "Minimal and canonical rational generator matrices for convolutional codes." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 42, no. 6 (1996): 1865–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.556681.

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Biglari, Amir. "La sémiotique des passions : hier, aujourd’hui, demain." Semiotica 2017, no. 219 (November 27, 2017): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2017-0076.

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AbstractThis paper presents the semiotics of passions. It first retraces the establishment and evolution of this theory, and sets out its objectives and issues, especially its relationship to tensivity. Next, it highlights devices suggested for approaching textual manifestations of passions, notably the canonical schema of passions and codes of passions: perspective codes, modal codes, somatic codes, rhythmic and aspectual codes, perceptive and figurative codes. Finally, it underlines the importance of concrete analyses in this field, by situating them alongside cultural studies.

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Shin, Jae Kyun, and S. Krishnamurty. "Development of a Standard Code for Colored Graphs and Its Application to Kinematic Chains." Journal of Mechanical Design 116, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919345.

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The development of an efficient solution procedure for the detection of isomorphism and canonical numbering of vertices of colored graphs is introduced. This computer-based algorithm for colored graphs is formed by extending the standard code approach developed earlier for the canonical numbering of simple noncolored graphs, which fully utilizes the capabilities of symmetry analysis of such noncolored graphs. Its application to various kinematic chains and mechanisms is investigated with the aid of examples. The method never failed to produce unique codes, and is also found to be robust and efficient. Using this method, every kinematic chain and mechanism, as well as path generators and function generators, will have their own unique codes and a corresponding canonical numbering of their respective links. Thus, based on its efficiency and applicability, this method can be used as a universal standard code for identifying isomorphisms, as well as for enumerating nonisomorphic kinematic chains and mechanisms.

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Garcia, Rebecca, Luis David García Puente, Ryan Kruse, Jessica Liu, Dane Miyata, Ethan Petersen, Kaitlyn Phillipson, and Anne Shiu. "Gröbner bases of neural ideals." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 28, no. 04 (June 2018): 553–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196718500261.

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The brain processes information about the environment via neural codes. The neural ideal was introduced recently as an algebraic object that can be used to better understand the combinatorial structure of neural codes. Every neural ideal has a particular generating set, called the canonical form, that directly encodes a minimal description of the receptive field structure intrinsic to the neural code. On the other hand, for a given monomial order, any polynomial ideal is also generated by its unique (reduced) Gröbner basis with respect to that monomial order. How are these two types of generating sets — canonical forms and Gröbner bases — related? Our main result states that if the canonical form of a neural ideal is a Gröbner basis, then it is the universal Gröbner basis (that is, the union of all reduced Gröbner bases). Furthermore, we prove that this situation — when the canonical form is a Gröbner basis — occurs precisely when the universal Gröbner basis contains only pseudo-monomials (certain generalizations of monomials). Our results motivate two questions: (1) When is the canonical form a Gröbner basis? (2) When the universal Gröbner basis of a neural ideal is not a canonical form, what can the non-pseudo-monomial elements in the basis tell us about the receptive fields of the code? We give partial answers to both questions. Along the way, we develop a representation of pseudo-monomials as hypercubes in a Boolean lattice.

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Geers, Thomas L., and Teh-Hua Ju. "A Computer Program for a Canonical Problem in Underwater Shock." Shock and Vibration 1, no. 4 (1994): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/958703.

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Finite-element/boundary-element codes are widely used to analyze the response of marine structures to underwater explosions. An important step in verifying the correctness and accuracy of such codes is the comparison of code-generated results for canonical problems with corresponding analytical or semianalytical results. At the present time, such comparisons rely on hardcopy results presented in technical journals and reports. This article describes a computer program available from SAVIAC that produces user-selected numerical results for a step-wave-excited spherical shell submerged in and (optionally) filled with an acoustic fluid. The method of solution employed in the program is based on classical expansion of the field quantities in generalized Fourier series in the meridional coordinate. Convergence of the series is enhanced by judicious application of modified Cesàro summation and partial closed-form solution.

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Fariña, Antonio, Travis Gagie, Szymon Grabowski, Giovanni Manzini, Gonzalo Navarro, and Alberto Ordóñez. "Efficient and compact representations of some non-canonical prefix-free codes." Theoretical Computer Science 907 (March 2022): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2022.01.010.

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Cooper, J., V. Hombach, and A. Schiavoni. "Comparison of computational electromagnetic codes applied to a sphere canonical problem." IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 143, no. 4 (1996): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-map:19960499.

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Kaur, Taranjot, and Anuradha Sharma. "Constacyclic additive codes over finite fields." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 09, no. 03 (April 12, 2017): 1750037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830917500379.

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Let [Formula: see text] denote the finite field of order [Formula: see text] and characteristic [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] be a positive integer coprime to [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text] be an integer. In this paper, we develop the theory of constacyclic additive codes of length [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text] and provide a canonical form decomposition for these codes. By placing ordinary, Hermitian and ∗ trace bilinear forms on [Formula: see text] we determine some isodual constacyclic additive codes of length [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text] Moreover, we explicitly determine basis sets of all self-orthogonal, self-dual and complementary-dual negacyclic additive codes of length [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] and enumerate these three class of codes for any integer [Formula: see text] with respect to the aforementioned trace bilinear forms on [Formula: see text]

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Forney, G. D., and M. D. Trott. "The dynamics of group codes: state spaces, trellis diagrams, and canonical encoders." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 39, no. 5 (1993): 1491–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.259635.

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Dvornikov, S., S. Dvornikov, and E. Markov. "Modified Pulse Sequences Based on Barker Codes." Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/1813-324x-2022-8-1-8-14.

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The article considers an approach to the modification of manipulative impulse sequences based on Barker codes. It is proposed to change the structure of the encoded pulses by the duration of the elementary message, taking into account the change in the duty cycle of their repetition while maintaining the total average energy. Numerical relations are obtained that determine the spectral and temporal parameters for a seven-element pulse sequence, with an increase in the pulse repetition rate by two and three times. Numerical values are calculated that determine the ratio of the duration of the peaks of the cross-correlation functions between the modified and canonical forms of pulse sequences. Reasonable estimates are presented that characterize the increase in the resolution of the peaks of the cross-correlation functions by 4.43 times in the transition to the proposed modified structure of the pulse sequence.

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Renteria, C., and Tapia H. Recillas. "Linear codes associated to the ideal of points in PdAnd its canonical module." Communications in Algebra 24, no. 3 (January 1996): 1083–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927879608825624.

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Khaitu, Shree Ram, and Sanjeeb Prasad Panday. "Fractal Image Compression Using Canonical Huffman Coding." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 1 (February 16, 2020): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i1.27718.

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Image Compression techniques have become a very important subject with the rapid growth of multimedia application. The main motivations behind the image compression are for the efficient and lossless transmission as well as for storage of digital data. Image Compression techniques are of two types; Lossless and Lossy compression techniques. Lossy compression techniques are applied for the natural images as minor loss of the data are acceptable. Entropy encoding is the lossless compression scheme that is independent with particular features of the media as it has its own unique codes and symbols. Huffman coding is an entropy coding approach for efficient transmission of data. This paper highlights the fractal image compression method based on the fractal features and searching and finding the best replacement blocks for the original image. Canonical Huffman coding which provides good fractal compression than arithmetic coding is used in this paper. The result obtained depicts that Canonical Huffman coding based fractal compression technique increases the speed of the compression and has better PNSR as well as better compression ratio than standard Huffman coding.

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Carcione, José M., Davide Gei, Juan E. Santos, Li-Yun Fu, and Jing Ba. "Canonical analytical solutions of wave-induced thermoelastic attenuation." Geophysical Journal International 221, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa033.

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SUMMARY Thermoelastic attenuation is similar to wave-induced fluid-flow attenuation (mesoscopic loss) due to conversion of the fast P wave to the slow (Biot) P mode. In the thermoelastic case, the P- and S-wave energies are lost because of thermal diffusion. The thermal mode is diffusive at low frequencies and wave-like at high frequencies, in the same manner as the Biot slow mode. Therefore, at low frequencies, that is, neglecting the inertial terms, a mathematical analogy can be established between the diffusion equations in poroelasticity and thermoelasticity. We study thermoelastic dissipation for spherical and cylindrical cavities (or pores) in 2-D and 3-D, respectively, and a finely layered system, where, in the latter case, only the Grüneisen ratio is allowed to vary. The results show typical quality-factor relaxation curves similar to Zener peaks. There is no dissipation when the radius of the pores tends to zero and the layers have the same properties. Although idealized, these canonical solutions are useful to study the physics of thermoelasticity and test numerical algorithm codes that simulate thermoelastic dissipation.

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Feulner, Thomas. "The automorphism groups of linear codes and canonical representatives of their semilinear isometry classes." Advances in Mathematics of Communications 3, no. 4 (2009): 363–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/amc.2009.3.363.

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Heuberger, Clemens, Daniel Krenn, and Stephan Wagner. "Canonical Trees, Compact Prefix-Free Codes, and Sums of Unit Fractions: A Probabilistic Analysis." SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 29, no. 3 (January 2015): 1600–1653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/15m1017107.

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Schiffman, Daniel A. "The Valuation of Coins in Medieval Jewish Jurisprudence." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 27, no. 2 (June 2005): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09557570500114293.

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The corpus of Jewish legal writings contains many discussions of economic issues and ideas. Yet, aside from a small group of scholars, historians of economics have tended to ignore the texts of Jewish law. As Ephraim Kleiman (1997) points out, the sheer size and inaccessibility of the Jewish law corpus presents a major barrier. Economic ideas are scattered across a vast amount of material. The canonical text of Jewish law is the Talmud, which spans 2,700 folio pages and two million words. Hundreds of commentaries have been written on the Talmud (or parts of it). There are three major codes of Jewish Law (based on the Talmud and selected commentaries), plus commentaries on the codes and lesser known codes (based on the major codes). About one million responsa (questions and answers in Jewish law) are known to exist; these are collected in hundreds of books. Today, new commentaries and responsa appear each year, in addition to multiple rabbinic journals. In order to understand these materials, the scholar must be well versed in Hebrew, Aramaic, and the reading of the Talmud.

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Ingber, Lester. "Developing Bid-Ask Probabilities for High-Frequency Trading." Virtual Economics 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34021/ve.2020.03.02(1).

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Methods of path integrals are used to develop multi-factor probabilities of bid-ask variables to be used in high-frequency trading (HFT). Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) is used to fit the nonlinear forms, so developed to a day of BitMEX tick data. Maxima algebraic code is used to develop the path integral codes into C codes, and a sampling code is used for the fitting process. After these fits, the resultant C code is very fast and useful for forecasting upcoming ‘ask’, bid, midprice, etc., when narrow and wide windows of incoming data are used. A bonus is the availability of canonical momenta indicators (CMI) useful to forecast direction and strengths of these variables.

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Cockett, Robin, and Jonathan Gallagher. "Categorical models of the differential λ-calculus." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 29, no. 10 (June 6, 2019): 1513–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129519000070.

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AbstractThe paper shows how the Scott–Koymans theorem for the untyped λ-calculus can be extended to the differential λ-calculus. The main result is that every model of the untyped differential λ-calculus may be viewed as a differential reflexive object in a Cartesian-closed differential category. This extension of the Scott–Koymans theorem depends critically on unraveling the somewhat subtle issue of which idempotents can be split so that differential structure lifts to the idempotent splitting.The paper uses (total) Turing categories with “canonical codes” as the basic categorical semantics for the λ-calculus. It develops the main result in a modular fashion by showing how to add left-additive structure to a Turing category, and then – on top of that – differential structure. For both levels of structure, it is necessary to identify how “canonical codes” must behave with respect to the added structure and, furthermore, how “universal objects” must behave. The latter is closely tied to the question – which is the crux of the paper – of which idempotents can be split while preserving the differential structure of the setting.This paper is the full version of a conference paper and includes the proofs which were omitted from that version due to page-length restrictions.

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Balta, Horia, and Maria Balta. "8 States Triple Binary Convolutional Encoders for the Construction of Turbo Codes." Advanced Engineering Forum 8-9 (June 2013): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.8-9.13.

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This paper presents the rate 3/4 (triple-binary) memory 3 recursive and systematic convolutional encoders with a single shift register (TBEm3) implemented in the observer canonical form with the best frame error rate (FER) versus signal to noise ratio (SNR) performance in configuration turbo (parallel concatenated) The triple-binary turbo-codes (TBTC) were compared in terms of performance with the turbo-codes (TC) from the actual standards of communications, at the same turbo-coding rates of 3/5 and 3/4. Besides the very good FER/SNR performance, the TBTC present several other advantages that recommend them: an effect error floor low, latency diminution, more compact blocks lower delay caused by interleaving, the possibility to connect the encoder TBTC to modulation blocks of higher order.

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Mata Li, Mariela. "La masculinidad hegemónica dentro de un ambiente represivo: La ciudad y los perros de Mario Vargas Llosa." Acta poética 43, no. 2 (July 17, 2022): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.ap.2022.2.178x270s7.

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This article analyzes the construction of the male characters in La ciudad y los perros by Mario Vargas Llosa, a canonical text of Latin American literature, to provide a new reading focused on the discourses of power and sexuality. Thus, it is examined whether the repressive environment of the military school in which the cadets are immersed serves to reinforce gender codes or, on the contrary, to show multiple ways of “being a man”.

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Benedetto, S., R. Garello, and G. Montorsi. "Canonical structure for systematic rate k/n convolutional encoders and its application to turbo codes." Electronics Letters 32, no. 11 (1996): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19960643.

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Yu, Jianhui, Chaoyi Zhang, and Weidong Cai. "Rethinking Rotation Invariance with Point Cloud Registration." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 3 (June 26, 2023): 3313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i3.25438.

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Recent investigations on rotation invariance for 3D point clouds have been devoted to devising rotation-invariant feature descriptors or learning canonical spaces where objects are semantically aligned. Examinations of learning frameworks for invariance have seldom been looked into. In this work, we review rotation invariance (RI) in terms of point cloud registration (PCR) and propose an effective framework for rotation invariance learning via three sequential stages, namely rotation-invariant shape encoding, aligned feature integration, and deep feature registration. We first encode shape descriptors constructed with respect to reference frames defined over different scales, e.g., local patches and global topology, to generate rotation-invariant latent shape codes. Within the integration stage, we propose an Aligned Integration Transformer (AIT) to produce a discriminative feature representation by integrating point-wise self- and cross-relations established within the shape codes. Meanwhile, we adopt rigid transformations between reference frames to align the shape codes for feature consistency across different scales. Finally, the deep integrated feature is registered to both rotation-invariant shape codes to maximize their feature similarities, such that rotation invariance of the integrated feature is preserved and shared semantic information is implicitly extracted from shape codes. Experimental results on 3D shape classification, part segmentation, and retrieval tasks prove the feasibility of our framework. Our project page is released at: https://rotation3d.github.io/.

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Laird, Stephen. "The disputed letters of Paul and the ethics of the art trade." Theology 124, no. 2 (March 2021): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x21991747.

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Opinions about the authenticity/inauthenticity of the disputed canonical letters of Paul are framed within some of the basic ethical codes associated with the upper echelons of the London art trade, where careful consideration is given to the descriptions of objects of uncertain origin and status when they are put on sale. Acting responsibly when conclusions are inconclusive; having regard for the importance of maintaining an honest reputation; and valuing the opinions of experts are as important for Bible teachers as they are for the trade.

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Kosowicz, Stanisław. "Ewolucja pojęcia celu małżeństwa." Prawo Kanoniczne 31, no. 3-4 (December 10, 1988): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.1988.31.3-4.09.

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In the period between of old and new Codes the Canonical Law it followed the censure included in the 1013 § 1 Code Law of 1917 year. The development of the anthropological sciences contributed to call attention to man as the being sensual and spiritual. The thinkers upon the basis of the attainment of the study of mental diseases, psychology, phenomenology began to grasp the person from the psichological — personalical side. It produced the critique of the definition of the aim the marriage included in the Code. It reproached, the expression „the firstrate aim” — „the second-rate aim” are artificial and inacurate with reference to the marriage. The Popes standing up voice in theis question did support the learning in the Code. However the critique of these concepts conducted in the consequence, John Paul The Second promulgating the new Code Canonical Daw of 1983 year hat not used these terms to determine the aim of the marriage.

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Klinke, Sebastián, Lisandro H. Otero, Jimena Rinaldi, Santiago Sosa, Beatriz G. Guimarães, William E. Shepard, Fernando A. Goldbaum, and Hernán R. Bonomi. "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of the full-length bacteriophytochrome from the plant pathogenXanthomonas campestrispv.campestris." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 70, no. 12 (November 14, 2014): 1636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x14023243.

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Phytochromes give rise to the largest photosensor family known to date. However, they are underrepresented in the Protein Data Bank. Plant, cyanobacterial, fungal and bacterial phytochromes share a canonical architecture consisting of an N-terminal photosensory module (PAS2–GAF–PHY domains) and a C-terminal variable output module. The bacteriumXanthomonas campestrispv.campestris, a worldwide agricultural pathogen, codes for a single bacteriophytochrome (XccBphP) that has this canonical architecture, bearing a C-terminal PAS9 domain as the output module. Full-length XccBphP was cloned, expressed and purified to homogeneity by nickel–NTA affinity and size-exclusion chromatography and was then crystallized at room temperature bound to its cofactor biliverdin. A complete native X-ray diffraction data set was collected to a maximum resolution of 3.25 Å. The crystals belonged to space groupP43212, with unit-cell parametersa=b= 103.94,c= 344.57 Å and a dimer in the asymmetric unit. Refinement is underway after solving the structure by molecular replacement.

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Sun, Jingxiang, Xuan Wang, Yichun Shi, Lizhen Wang, Jue Wang, and Yebin Liu. "IDE-3D." ACM Transactions on Graphics 41, no. 6 (November 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3550454.3555506.

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Existing 3D-aware facial generation methods face a dilemma in quality versus editability: they either generate editable results in low resolution, or high-quality ones with no editing flexibility. In this work, we propose a new approach that brings the best of both worlds together. Our system consists of three major components: (1) a 3D-semantics-aware generative model that produces view-consistent, disentangled face images and semantic masks; (2) a hybrid GAN inversion approach that initializes the latent codes from the semantic and texture encoder, and further optimizes them for faithful reconstruction; and (3) a canonical editor that enables efficient manipulation of semantic masks in canonical view and produces high-quality editing results. Our approach is competent for many applications, e.g. free-view face drawing, editing and style control. Both quantitative and qualitative results show that our method reaches the state-of-the-art in terms of photorealism, faithfulness and efficiency.

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Tian, Chao, Hua Sun, and Jun Chen. "A Shannon-Theoretic Approach to the Storage–Retrieval Trade-Off in PIR Systems." Information 14, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14010044.

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We consider the storage–retrieval rate trade-off in private information retrieval (PIR) systems using a Shannon-theoretic approach. Our focus is mostly on the canonical two-message two-database case, for which a coding scheme based on random codebook generation and the binning technique is proposed. This coding scheme reveals a hidden connection between PIR and the classic multiple description source coding problem. We first show that when the retrieval rate is kept optimal, the proposed non-linear scheme can achieve better performance over any linear scheme. Moreover, a non-trivial storage-retrieval rate trade-off can be achieved beyond space-sharing between this extreme point and the other optimal extreme point, achieved by the retrieve-everything strategy. We further show that with a method akin to the expurgation technique, one can extract a zero-error PIR code from the random code. Outer bounds are also studied and compared to establish the superiority of the non-linear codes over linear codes.

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Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J. "Towards Full (er) Integration in Mixed Methods Research: The Role of Canonical Correlation Analysis for Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Data." PUBLICACIONES 52, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/publicaciones.v52i2.27664.

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One of the biggest developments in mixed methods research has been the conceptualization of one or more analysis types associated with one tradition (e.g., qualitative analysis) being used to analyze data associated with a different tradition (e.g., quantitative data)—what Onwuegbuzie and Combs (2010) called crossover mixed analyses, or, more simply, crossover analyses. A hallmark of crossover analyses is the notion of quantitizing, which, in its simplest form, involves converting qualitative data into numerical forms that can be analyzed statistically. The focus on quantitizing has been on descriptive-based quantitizing approaches such as counting the occurrence of emergent themes. Unfortunately, scant guidance exists on inferential-based quantitizing, which refers to the quantitizing of qualitative data for the purpose of prediction or estimation (Onwuegbuzie, in press). Although recent literature has emerged on a few inferential-based quantitizing approaches (i.e., multiple linear regression analysis, structural equation modeling, hierarchical linear modeling), there still remains some general linear model analyses for which mixed methods researchers, in pursuit of conducting crossover analyses, can benefit from guidelines. One such analysis is canonical correlation analysis. Its importance stems from the fact that the analysis of qualitative data typically yields multiple patterns of meaning (e.g., codes, themes), which then can be correlated with other available variables (e.g., demographic variables, personality variables, affective variables) via the use of canonical correlation analysis. Therefore, the purpose of this article is (a) to describe canonical correlation analysis and (b) to illustrate how canonical correlation analyses can serve as an inferential-based quantitizing using a heuristic example.

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Zghebi, Salwa S., David Reeves, Christos Grigoroglou, Brian McMillan, Darren M. Ashcroft, Rosa Parisi, and Evangelos Kontopantelis. "Clinical code usage in UK general practice: a cohort study exploring 18 conditions over 14 years." BMJ Open 12, no. 7 (July 2022): e051456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051456.

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ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic Read code usage for 18 conditions by examining their frequency and diversity in UK primary care between 2000 and 2013.DesignPopulation-based cohort studySetting684 UK general practices contributing data to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD.ParticipantsPatients with clinical codes for at least one of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, hypertension (HT), coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure, stroke, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease, learning disability (LD), depression, dementia, epilepsy, severe mental illness (SMI), osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and cancer.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFor the frequency ranking of clinical codes, canonical correlation analysis was applied to correlations of clinical code usage of 1, 3 and 5 years. Three measures of diversity (Shannon entropy index of diversity, richness and evenness) were used to quantify changes in incident and total clinical codes.ResultsOverall, all examined conditions, except LD, showed positive monotonic correlation. HT, hypothyroidism, osteoarthritis and SMI codes’ usage had high 5-year correlation. The codes’ usage diversity remained stable overall throughout the study period. Cancer, diabetes and SMI had the highest richness (code lists need time to define) unlike AF, hypothyroidism and LD. SMI (high richness) and hypothyroidism (low richness) can last for 5 years, whereas cancer and diabetes (high richness) and LD (low richness) only last for 2 years.ConclusionsThis is an under-reported research area and the findings suggest the codes’ usage diversity for most conditions remained overall stable throughout the study period. Generated mental health code lists can last for a long time unlike cardiometabolic conditions and cancer. Adopting more consistent and less diverse coding would help improve data quality in primary care. Future research is needed following the transfer to the Systematised Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) coding.

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Guo, Jingxiang, Amir Haji-Akbari, and Jeremy C. Palmer. "Hybrid Monte Carlo with LAMMPS." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 17, no. 03 (May 2018): 1840002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633618400023.

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We describe a strategy for performing canonical and isothermal-isobaric ensemble hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) simulations with the widely-used Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) molecular dynamics (MD) software package. The overall workflow for the HMC simulations is handled using an external Python driver script, which invokes LAMMPS’ library interface to perform numerically intensive tasks such as MD integration. We document several rigorous consistency checks that have been used to validate our HMC implementation. We also demonstrate that our approach can be readily extended to implement biased HMC sampling schemes for computing free energies. Codes and input files from the documented examples are available on the web.

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ZOLFAGHARI, Reza, Yuanping WANG, Qiuyan CHEN, Anne SANCHER, and A. Catharine ROSS. "Cloning and molecular expression analysis of large and small lecithin:retinol acyltransferase mRNAs in the liver and other tissues of adult rats." Biochemical Journal 368, no. 2 (December 1, 2002): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20020918.

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Retinyl ester, the most abundant form of vitamin A (retinol), is synthesized by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT). Previously, we cloned a 2.5kb LRAT cDNA from rodent liver which codes for functional LRAT activity. However, Northern blots of tissues probed with the 2.5kb cDNA revealed the presence of a larger transcript of 5kb as well as several smaller transcripts. To elucidate the nature of the large LRAT transcript, a high-molecular-mass adrenal gland cDNA library was screened. Two similar clones of 3962 and 3187nt were identified which appeared to be part of the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of a 5358nt LRAT mRNA. The 5.3kb cDNA was then amplified from liver by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and demonstrated to encode functional LRAT activity. The 3′-UTR of the 5.3kb cDNA contains several AAUAAA polyadenylation signals. Analysis of the 3′ ends of LRAT mRNA transcripts from liver, intestine and testis showed the usage of both canonical and non-canonical polyadenylation signals. To further analyse the LRAT mRNAs expressed in vivo, Northern blot analysis was performed using four probes spanning sections from the 5′ end to the distal 3′ end of the 5.3kb LRAT cDNA. The results show that the major 5.3kb transcript uses the canonical signal AAUAAA located at nt 5308, and the major short transcript of 1.5kb uses the non-canonical signal AUUAAA located at nt 1330. The 5.3kb LRAT transcript was predominant in the liver of retinoic acid-repleted vitamin A-deficient rats, coincident with increased quantitative expression of LRAT mRNA and enzyme activity. The differential usage of these polyadenylation signals can explain the presence of multiple LRAT mRNA transcripts which are expressed in different tissue-specific patterns.

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Sridhar, Akshay, Yassine Tissaoui, Simone Marras, Zhaoyi Shen, Charles Kawczynski, Simon Byrne, Kiran Pamnany, et al. "Large-eddy simulations with ClimateMachine v0.2.0: a new open-source code for atmospheric simulations on GPUs and CPUs." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 15 (August 12, 2022): 6259–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6259-2022.

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Abstract. We introduce ClimateMachine, a new open-source atmosphere modeling framework which uses the Julia language and is designed to be scalable on central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs). ClimateMachine uses a common framework both for coarser-resolution global simulations and for high-resolution, limited-area large-eddy simulations (LESs). Here, we demonstrate the LES configuration of the atmosphere model in canonical benchmark cases and atmospheric flows using a total energy-conserving nodal discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretization of the governing equations. Resolution dependence, conservation characteristics, and scaling metrics are examined in comparison with existing LES codes. They demonstrate the utility of ClimateMachine as a modeling tool for limited-area LES flow configurations.

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Ferrer, María V., and Salvador Hernández. "Homomorphic Encoders of Profinite Abelian Groups II." Axioms 11, no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms11040158.

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Let {Gi:i∈N} be a family of finite Abelian groups. We say that a subgroup G≤∏i∈NGi is order controllable if for every i∈N, there is ni∈N such that for each c∈G, there exists c1∈G satisfying c1|[1,i]=c|[1,i], supp(c1)⊆[1,ni], and order (c1) divides order (c|[1,ni]). In this paper, we investigate the structure of order-controllable group codes. It is proved that if G is an order controllable, shift invariant, group code over a finite abelian group H, then G possesses a finite canonical generating set. Furthermore, our construction also yields that G is algebraically conjugate to a full group shift.

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Ross, Molly, and Hitesh Bindra. "Statistical Mechanics-Based Surrogates for Scalar Transport in Channel Flow." Fluids 6, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6020079.

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Thermal hydraulics, in certain components of nuclear reactor systems, involve complex flow scenarios, such as flows assisted by free jets and stratified flows leading to turbulent mixing and thermal fluctuations. These complex flow patterns and thermal fluctuations can be extremely critical from a reactor safety standpoint. The component-level lumped approximations (0D) or one-dimensional approximations (1D) models for such components and subsystems in safety analysis codes cannot capture the physics accurately, and may introduce a large degree of modeling uncertainty. On the other hand, high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics codes, which provide numerical solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations, are accurate but computationally intensive, and thus cannot be used for system-wide analysis. An alternate way to improve reactor safety analysis is by building reduced-order emulators from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes to improve system scale models. One of the key challenges in developing a reduced-order emulator is to preserve turbulent mixing and thermal fluctuations across different-length scales or time-scales. This paper presents the development of a reduced-order, non-linear, “Markovian” statistical surrogate for turbulent mixing and scalar transport. The method and its implementation are demonstrated on a canonical problem of differentially heated channel flow, and high-resolution direct numerical simulations (DNS) data are used for emulator or surrogate development. This statistical surrogate model relies on Kramers–Moyal expansion and emulates the turbulent velocity signal with a high degree of accuracy.

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Balaji, Venkatramani, Eric Maisonnave, Niki Zadeh, Bryan N. Lawrence, Joachim Biercamp, Uwe Fladrich, Giovanni Aloisio, et al. "CPMIP: measurements of real computational performance of Earth system models in CMIP6." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-19-2017.

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Abstract. A climate model represents a multitude of processes on a variety of timescales and space scales: a canonical example of multi-physics multi-scale modeling. The underlying climate system is physically characterized by sensitive dependence on initial conditions, and natural stochastic variability, so very long integrations are needed to extract signals of climate change. Algorithms generally possess weak scaling and can be I/O and/or memory-bound. Such weak-scaling, I/O, and memory-bound multi-physics codes present particular challenges to computational performance. Traditional metrics of computational efficiency such as performance counters and scaling curves do not tell us enough about real sustained performance from climate models on different machines. They also do not provide a satisfactory basis for comparative information across models. codes present particular challenges to computational performance. We introduce a set of metrics that can be used for the study of computational performance of climate (and Earth system) models. These measures do not require specialized software or specific hardware counters, and should be accessible to anyone. They are independent of platform and underlying parallel programming models. We show how these metrics can be used to measure actually attained performance of Earth system models on different machines, and identify the most fruitful areas of research and development for performance engineering. codes present particular challenges to computational performance. We present results for these measures for a diverse suite of models from several modeling centers, and propose to use these measures as a basis for a CPMIP, a computational performance model intercomparison project (MIP).

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Jung, Hyunchul, Kang Seon Lee, and Jung Kyoon Choi. "Comprehensive characterisation of intronic mis-splicing mutations in human cancers." Oncogene 40, no. 7 (January 8, 2021): 1347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41388-020-01614-3.

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AbstractPrevious studies studying mis-splicing mutations were based on exome data and thus our current knowledge is largely limited to exons and the canonical splice sites. To comprehensively characterise intronic mis-splicing mutations, we analysed 1134 pan-cancer whole genomes and transcriptomes together with 3022 normal control samples. The ratio-based splicing analysis resulted in 678 somatic intronic mutations, with 46% residing in deep introns. Among the 309 deep intronic single nucleotide variants, 245 altered core splicing codes, with 38% activating cryptic splice sites, 12% activating cryptic polypyrimidine tracts, and 36% and 12% disrupting authentic polypyrimidine tracts and branchpoints, respectively. All the intronic cryptic splice sites were created at pre-existing GT/AG dinucleotides or by GC-to-GT conversion. Notably, 85 deep intronic mutations indicated gain of splicing enhancers or loss of splicing silencers. We found that 64 tumour suppressors were affected by intronic mutations and blood cancers showed higher proportion of deep intronic mutations. In particular, a telomere maintenance gene, POT1, was recurrently mis-spliced by deep intronic mutations in blood cancers. We validated a pseudoexon activation involving a splicing silencer in POT1 by CRISPR/Cas9. Our results shed light on previously unappreciated mechanisms by which noncoding mutations acting on splicing codes in deep introns contribute to tumourigenesis.

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Franco-Serrano, Luis, David Sánchez-Redondo, Araceli Nájar-García, Sergio Hernández, Isaac Amela, Josep Antoni Perez-Pons, Jaume Piñol, Angel Mozo-Villarias, Juan Cedano, and Enrique Querol. "Pathogen Moonlighting Proteins: From Ancestral Key Metabolic Enzymes to Virulence Factors." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061300.

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Moonlighting and multitasking proteins refer to proteins with two or more functions performed by a single polypeptide chain. An amazing example of the Gain of Function (GoF) phenomenon of these proteins is that 25% of the moonlighting functions of our Multitasking Proteins Database (MultitaskProtDB-II) are related to pathogen virulence activity. Moreover, they usually have a canonical function belonging to highly conserved ancestral key functions, and their moonlighting functions are often involved in inducing extracellular matrix (ECM) protein remodeling. There are three main questions in the context of moonlighting proteins in pathogen virulence: (A) Why are a high percentage of pathogen moonlighting proteins involved in virulence? (B) Why do most of the canonical functions of these moonlighting proteins belong to primary metabolism? Moreover, why are they common in many pathogen species? (C) How are these different protein sequences and structures able to bind the same set of host ECM protein targets, mainly plasminogen (PLG), and colonize host tissues? By means of an extensive bioinformatics analysis, we suggest answers and approaches to these questions. There are three main ideas derived from the work: first, moonlighting proteins are not good candidates for vaccines. Second, several motifs that might be important in the adhesion to the ECM were identified. Third, an overrepresentation of GO codes related with virulence in moonlighting proteins were seen.

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Zhang, Lifang, Qi Shen, Defang Li, Guocan Feng, Xin Tang, and Patrick S. Wang. "Adaptive Hashing with Sparse Modification for Scalable Image Retrieval." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 31, no. 06 (March 30, 2017): 1754011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001417540118.

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Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search is a challenging problem with the explosive high-dimensional large-scale data in recent years. The promising technique for ANN search include hashing methods which generate compact binary codes by designing effective hash functions. However, lack of an optimal regularization is the key limitation of most of the existing hash functions. To this end, a new method called Adaptive Hashing with Sparse Modification (AHSM) is proposed. In AHSM, codes consist of vertices on the hypercube and the projection matrix is divided into two separate matrices. Data is rotated through a orthogonal matrix first and modified by a sparse matrix. Here the sparse matrix needs to be learned as a regularization item of hash function which is used to avoid overfitting and reduce quantization distortion. Totally, AHSM has two advantages: improvement of the accuracy without any time cost increasement. Furthermore, we extend AHSM to a supervised version, called Supervised Adaptive Hashing with Sparse Modification (SAHSM), by introducing Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) to the original data. Experiments show that the AHSM method stably surpasses several state-of-the-art hashing methods on four data sets. And at the same time, we compare three unsupervised hashing methods with their corresponding supervised version (including SAHSM) on three data sets with labels known. Similarly, SAHSM outperforms other methods on most of the hash bits.

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Lebreuilly, U., B. Commerçon, and G. Laibe. "Small dust grain dynamics on adaptive mesh refinement grids." Astronomy & Astrophysics 626 (June 2019): A96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834147.

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Context. Small dust grains are essential ingredients of star, disk and planet formation. Aims. We present an Eulerian numerical approach to study small dust grain dynamics in the context of star and protoplanetary disk formation. It is designed for finite volume codes. We use it to investigate dust dynamics during the protostellar collapse. Methods. We present a method to solve the monofluid equations of gas and dust mixtures with several dust species in the diffusion approximation implemented in the adaptive-mesh-refinement code RAMSES. It uses a finite volume second-order Godunov method with a predictor-corrector MUSCL scheme to estimate the fluxes between the grid cells. Results. We benchmark our method against six distinct tests, DUSTYADVECT, DUSTYDIFFUSE, DUSTYSHOCK, DUSTYWAVE, SETTLING, and DUSTYCOLLAPSE. We show that the scheme is second-order accurate in space on uniform grids and intermediate between second- and first-order on non-uniform grids. We apply our method on various DUSTYCOLLAPSE simulations of 1 M⊙ cores composed of gas and dust. Conclusions. We developed an efficient approach to treat gas and dust dynamics in the diffusion regime on grid-based codes. The canonical tests were successfully passed. In the context of protostellar collapse, we show that dust is less coupled to the gas in the outer regions of the collapse where grains larger than ≃100 μm fall significantly faster than the gas.

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Balaji, V., Rusty Benson, Bruce Wyman, and Isaac Held. "Coarse-grained component concurrency in Earth system modeling: parallelizing atmospheric radiative transfer in the GFDL AM3 model using the Flexible Modeling System coupling framework." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 10 (October 11, 2016): 3605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3605-2016.

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Abstract. Climate models represent a large variety of processes on a variety of timescales and space scales, a canonical example of multi-physics multi-scale modeling. Current hardware trends, such as Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) and Many Integrated Core (MIC) chips, are based on, at best, marginal increases in clock speed, coupled with vast increases in concurrency, particularly at the fine grain. Multi-physics codes face particular challenges in achieving fine-grained concurrency, as different physics and dynamics components have different computational profiles, and universal solutions are hard to come by. We propose here one approach for multi-physics codes. These codes are typically structured as components interacting via software frameworks. The component structure of a typical Earth system model consists of a hierarchical and recursive tree of components, each representing a different climate process or dynamical system. This recursive structure generally encompasses a modest level of concurrency at the highest level (e.g., atmosphere and ocean on different processor sets) with serial organization underneath. We propose to extend concurrency much further by running more and more lower- and higher-level components in parallel with each other. Each component can further be parallelized on the fine grain, potentially offering a major increase in the scalability of Earth system models. We present here first results from this approach, called coarse-grained component concurrency, or CCC. Within the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Flexible Modeling System (FMS), the atmospheric radiative transfer component has been configured to run in parallel with a composite component consisting of every other atmospheric component, including the atmospheric dynamics and all other atmospheric physics components. We will explore the algorithmic challenges involved in such an approach, and present results from such simulations. Plans to achieve even greater levels of coarse-grained concurrency by extending this approach within other components, such as the ocean, will be discussed.

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Martínez, Valentina Figuera. "Reminiscências da tradição em A vida inútil de José Homem, de Marlene Ferraz / Shadows of the Past in Marlene Ferraz’s A vida inútil de José Homem." Revista do Centro de Estudos Portugueses 41, no. 65 (December 27, 2021): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2359-0076.41.65.181-196.

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Resumo: Este artigo discute alguns dos vestígios da tradição na literatura contemporânea, partindo das considerações de Giorgio Agamben (2009), bem como da influência de estilos, reminiscências de escritores do cânone e da multiplicidade de experiências que se manifestam na produção do texto literário contemporâneo (CALVINO, 2002), procurando observar as incidências de obras canônicas, referencialidades intertextuais e autores convocados em A vida inútil de José Homem (2013), de Marlene Ferraz. Pretende-se mostrar a presença e o sentido da tradição no romance, a construção de códigos renovados com uma visão pluralista e multifacetada do mundo e a harmonia textual entre a história contada e os escritores convocados que busca propor um novo referente estético para olhar a contemporaneidade.Palavras-chave: tradição; romance português contemporâneo; Marlene Ferraz.Abstract: This article discusses traces of the past in contemporary literature, considering the work of Giorgio Agamben (2009) and Ítalo Calvino (2002), to present the influence of styles, vestiges of canonical writers and the multiplicity of experiences in contemporary literature, showing the incidence of canonical works, intertextual references and authors used in Marlene Ferraz’s A vida inútil de José Homem (2013). The importance and sense of the tradition in the novel, the construction of renewed codes with a plural and multifaceted world vision, as well as a textual harmony among the story told and the writers evoked to propose new esthetic references will be discussed as a means to analyze contemporary issues. Keywords: tradition; contemporary Portuguese novel; Marlene Ferraz.

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Mathews, I. C., and T. L. Geers. "A Doubly Asymptotic, Nonreflecting Boundary for Ground-Shock Analysis." Journal of Applied Mechanics 54, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3173058.

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This paper desribes the formulation and implementation of a nonreflecting boundary for use with existing finite-element codes to perform nonlinear ground-shock analyses of buried structures. The boundary is based on a first-order doubly asymptotic approximation (DAA1) for disturbances propagating outward from a selected portion of the soil medium surrounding the structure of interest. The resulting set of first-order ordinary differential equations is then combined with the second-order equations of motion for the finite-element model so as to facilitate solution by a staggered solution procedure. This procedure is shown to be computationally stable as long as the time increment is smaller than a limiting value based on the finite-element mass matrix and the DAA-boundary stiffness matrix. Computational results produced by the boundary are compared with exact results for linear canonical problems pertaining to infinite-cylindrical and spherical shells.

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Hew, J. K. J., and R. W. Boswell. "Development and Validation of an in-House Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Code for Supersonic Rarefied Gas Microflows." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2542, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2542/1/012009.

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Abstract An in-house Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) code has been developed using an object-oriented interface for the purpose of eventually modelling gas and plasma microflows in micromechanical systems, by coupling it with an existing Particle-In-Cell (PIC) solver. The code is validated with canonical flow problems such as the micro-Couette and micro-Poiseuille flows. Since the emphasis is on supersonic and highly compressible flows, we perform validation studies of our algorithm for high velocity and Mach number cases, as compared to known analytical or semi-analytical profiles via asymptotic Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) and Chapman-Enskog theory. Reasonably good agreement is found for all the test cases, which indicates the reliability of the present algorithm for modelling supersonic rarefied gas flows. Our results have implications for future validation studies of DSMC codes, where concrete quantitative theoretical and experimental comparisons across different flow configurations are required.

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Doiron, Brent, Anne-Marie M. Oswald, and Leonard Maler. "Interval Coding. II. Dendrite-Dependent Mechanisms." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 4 (April 2007): 2744–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00988.2006.

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The rich temporal structure of neural spike trains provides multiple dimensions to code dynamic stimuli. Popular examples are spike trains from sensory cells where bursts and isolated spikes can serve distinct coding roles. In contrast to analyses of neural coding, the cellular mechanics of burst mechanisms are typically elucidated from the neural response to static input. Bridging the mechanics of bursting with coding of dynamic stimuli is an important step in establishing theories of neural coding. Electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) pyramidal neurons respond to static inputs with a complex dendrite-dependent burst mechanism. Here we show that in response to dynamic broadband stimuli, these bursts lack some of the electrophysiological characteristics observed in response to static inputs. A simple leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF)-style model with a dendrite-dependent depolarizing afterpotential (DAP) is sufficient to match both the output statistics and coding performance of experimental spike trains. We use this model to investigate a simplification of interval coding where the burst interspike interval (ISI) codes for the scale of a canonical upstroke rather than a multidimensional stimulus feature. Using this stimulus reduction, we compute a quantization of the burst ISIs and the upstroke scale to show that the mutual information rate of the interval code is maximized at a moderate DAP amplitude. The combination of a reduced description of ELL pyramidal cell bursting and a simplification of the interval code increases the generality of ELL burst codes to other sensory modalities.

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Castro-González, Maribeb, and Amanda Lima. "Temporal shifts of nitrite reducing communities in a rice field soil in Ibague (Colombia)." Agronomía Colombiana 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n1.52993.

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Denitrification and nitrification are microbial processes that regulate the cycle of nitrogen and nitrous oxide, which is considered an important greenhouse gas. Rice field soils have been known to have strong denitrifying activities; however, the microorganism structure that is responsible for denitrification and the temporal variation of these communities in the agricultural soils of Ibague (Colombia) is not well known. In this study, the denitrifying community composition was compared between a rice field soil and an uncultivated soil at three different times during the year using a terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the nirS functional gene, which codes the enzyme that reduces nitrite, one of the key steps in the denitrification process. The results showed changes in the richness, relative abundance and diversity of the operational taxonomic units between the soils and sampling times. The canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the moisture and the pH were the environmental factors that explained the observed changes in the nirS-type denitrifiers' community composition in the studied soils.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Canonical Codes'

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