Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cannabis – Physiological effect

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cannabis – Physiological effect'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cannabis – Physiological effect"

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Di Mola, Ida, Stefano Conti, Eugenio Cozzolino, Giuseppe Melchionna, Lucia Ottaiano, Antonino Testa, Leo Sabatino, Youssef Rouphael, and Mauro Mori. "Plant-Based Protein Hydrolysate Improves Salinity Tolerance in Hemp: Agronomical and Physiological Aspects." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (February 14, 2021): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020342.

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Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multipurpose plant attracting increasing interest as a source for the production of natural fibers, paper, bio-building material and food. In this research we studied the agronomical performance of Cannabis sativa cv. Eletta Campana irrigated with saline water. Under those conditions, we tested the effect of protein hydrolysate (PH) biostimulant application in overcoming and/or balancing deleterious salinity effects. The results of the diverse treatments were also investigated at the physiological level, focusing on photosynthesis by means of a chlorophyll a fluorescence technique, which give an insight into the plant primary photochemical reactions. Four salinity levels of the irrigation solution (fresh water–EC0, and NaCl solutions at EC 2.0, 4.0 or 6.0 dS m−1, EC2, EC4 and EC6, respectively) were combined with 2 biostimulant treatments (untreated (control) or treated with a commercial legume-derived protein hydrolysate (LDPH)). The increasing salinity affected plant photochemistry resulting in lower plant growth and seed production, while the LDPH biostimulant showed a protective effect, which improved crop performance both in control and in salinity conditions. The LDPH treatment improved seeds yield (+38.6% on average of all treated plants respect to untreated plants), as well as residual biomass, relevant in fiber production.
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Mahdi, Onesimus, Mohamad T. H. Baharuldin, Nurul Huda M. Nor, Samaila M. Chiroma, Saravanan Jagadeesan, and Mohamad A. M. Moklas. "The Neuroprotective Properties, Functions, and Roles of Cannabis sativa in Selected Diseases Related to the Nervous System." Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 21, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871524921666210127110028.

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Background: Cannabis and its extracts are now being explored due to their huge health benefits. Although, the effect they elicit, whether on humans or rodents, may vary based on the age of the animal/subject and or the time in which the extract is administered. However, several debates exist concerning the various medical applications of these compounds. Nonetheless, their applicability as therapeutics should not be clouded based on their perceived negative biological actions. Methods: Articles from reliable databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Ovid were searched. Specific search methods were employed using multiple keywords: ‘‘Medicinal Cannabis; endocannabinoid system; cannabinoids receptors; cannabinoids and cognition; brain disorders; neurodegenerative diseases’’. For the inclusion/exclusion criteria, only relevant articles related to medicinal Cannabis and its various compounds were considered. Results: The current review highlights the role, effects, and involvement of Cannabis, cannabinoids, and endocannabinoids in preventing selected neurodegenerative diseases and possible amelioration of cognitive impairments. Furthermore, it also focuses on Cannabis utilization in many disease conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease among others. Conclusion: In conclusion, the usage of Cannabis should be further explored as accumulating evidence suggests that it could be effective and somewhat safe, especially when adhered to the recommended dosage. Furthermore, in-depth studies should be conducted in order to unravel the specific mechanism underpinning the involvement of cannabinoids at the cellular level and their therapeutic applications.
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Furqan, Tiyyaba, Sidra Batool, Rabia Habib, Mamoona Shah, Huba Kalasz, Ferenc Darvas, Kamil Kuca, Eugenie Nepovimova, Sajida Batool, and Syed M. Nurulain. "Cannabis Constituents and Acetylcholinesterase Interaction: Molecular Docking, In Vitro Studies and Association with CNR1 rs806368 and ACHE rs17228602." Biomolecules 10, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10050758.

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The study documented here was aimed to find the molecular interactions of some of the cannabinoid constituents of cannabis with acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Molecular docking and LogP determination were performed to predict the AChE inhibitory effect and lipophilicity. AChE enzyme activity was measured in the blood of cannabis addicted human subjects. Further, genetic predisposition to cannabis addiction was investigated by association analysis of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs806368 and ACHE rs17228602 using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. All the understudied cannabis constituents showed promising binding affinities with AChE and are lipophilic in nature. The AChE activity was observed to be indifferent in cannabis addicted and non-addicted healthy controls. There was no significant association with CNR1 SNP rs806368 and ACHE rs17228602. The study concludes that in silico prediction for individual biomolecules of cannabis is different from in vivo physiological action in human subjects when all are present together. However, for a deeper mechanistic insight into these interactions and association, multi-population studies are suggested. Further studies to explore the inhibitory potential of different cannabis constituents for intended AChE inhibitor-based drug are warranted.
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Bhattacharyya, S., C. Iyegbe, Z. Atakan, R. Martin-Santos, J. A. Crippa, X. Xu, S. Williams, et al. "Protein kinase B (AKT1) genotype mediates sensitivity to cannabis-induced impairments in psychomotor control." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 15 (April 29, 2014): 3315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714000920.

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Background.What determines inter-individual variability to impairments in behavioural control that may underlie road-traffic accidents, and impulsive and violent behaviours occurring under the influence of cannabis, the most widely used illicit drug worldwide?Method.Employing a double-blind, repeated-measures design, we investigated the genetic and neural basis of variable sensitivity to cannabis-induced behavioural dyscontrol in healthy occasional cannabis users. Acute oral challenge with placebo or Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, was combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging, while participants performed a response inhibition task that involved inhibiting a pre-potent motor response. They were genotyped for rs1130233 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the protein kinase B (AKT1) gene.Results.Errors of inhibition were significantly (p = 0.008) increased following administration of THC in carriers of the A allele, but not in G allele homozygotes of theAKT1rs1130233 SNP. The A allele carriers also displayed attenuation of left inferior frontal response with THC evident in the sample as a whole, while there was a modest enhancement of inferior frontal activation in the G homozygotes. There was a direct relationship (r = − 0.327,p = 0.045) between the behavioural effect of THC and its physiological effect in the inferior frontal gyrus, whereAKT1genotype modulated the effect of THC.Conclusions.These results require independent replication and show that differing vulnerability to acute psychomotor impairments induced by cannabis depends on variation in a gene that influences dopamine function, and is mediated through modulation of the effect of cannabis on the inferior frontal cortex, that is rich in dopaminergic innervation and critical for psychomotor control.
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Herrmann, Evan S., Edward J. Cone, John M. Mitchell, George E. Bigelow, Charles LoDico, Ron Flegel, and Ryan Vandrey. "Non-smoker exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke II: Effect of room ventilation on the physiological, subjective, and behavioral/cognitive effects." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 151 (June 2015): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.019.

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Durst, Ronen, Haim Danenberg, Ruth Gallily, Raphael Mechoulam, Keren Meir, Etty Grad, Ronen Beeri, Thea Pugatsch, Elizabet Tarsish, and Chaim Lotan. "Cannabidiol, a nonpsychoactive Cannabis constituent, protects against myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 293, no. 6 (December 2007): H3602—H3607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00098.2007.

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Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major, nonpsychoactive Cannabis constituent with anti-inflammatory activity mediated by enhancing adenosine signaling. Inasmuch as adenosine receptors are promising pharmaceutical targets for ischemic heart diseases, we tested the effect of CBD on ischemic rat hearts. For the in vivo studies, the left anterior descending coronary artery was transiently ligated for 30 min, and the rats were treated for 7 days with CBD (5 mg/kg ip) or vehicle. Cardiac function was studied by echocardiography. Infarcts were examined morphometrically and histologically. For ex vivo evaluation, CBD was administered 24 and 1 h before the animals were killed, and hearts were harvested for physiological measurements. In vivo studies showed preservation of shortening fraction in CBD-treated animals: from 48 ± 8 to 39 ± 8% and from 44 ± 5 to 32 ± 9% in CBD-treated and control rats, respectively ( n = 14, P < 0.05). Infarct size was reduced by 66% in CBD-treated animals, despite nearly identical areas at risk (9.6 ± 3.9 and 28.2 ± 7.0% in CBD and controls, respectively, P < 0.001) and granulation tissue proportion as assessed qualitatively. Infarcts in CBD-treated animals were associated with reduced myocardial inflammation and reduced IL-6 levels (254 ± 22 and 2,812 ± 500 pg/ml in CBD and control rats, respectively, P < 0.01). In isolated hearts, no significant difference in infarct size, left ventricular developed pressures during ischemia and reperfusion, or coronary flow could be detected between CBD-treated and control hearts. Our study shows that CBD induces a substantial in vivo cardioprotective effect from ischemia that is not observed ex vivo. Inasmuch as CBD has previously been administered to humans without causing side effects, it may represent a promising novel treatment for myocardial ischemia.
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Almeida Castro, Luis Henrique, Geanlucas Mendes Monteiro, Ygor Thiago Cerqueira de Paula, Vanessa De Souza Ferraz, Flavia Soares Bezerra Okumoto Nery de Mello, Dayane Aparecida Moisés Caetano Bottini, Nelson Thiago Andrade Ferreira, et al. "Endocannabinoid system." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss9.2642.

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Among the drugs considered illicit in the West, the Cannabis sativa plant is the most consumed: around 4% of the adult population, 10% of these users are in a situation of dependence. However, the medicinal use of this herb dates back to the early days of the emergence of our own species: some anthropologists theorize that some of the genus Homo has progressed in the struggle for survival with other hominids precisely because of the advanced knowledge – kept to the proper proportions – it possessed of plants like Cannabis. Millennia later, science – even focusing intensely on the chemical characterization of its more than 530 bioactive components – was still not able to generate verifiable hypotheses in order to explain two of the most remarkable characteristics of the recreational use of this plant: because small chemical changes potentiated the effect of the drug up to 100 times and, mainly, because it would be virtually impossible for an individual to suffer a lethal overdose of the substance. To overcome this paradigm, some compounds derived from delta-ninetetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) - the main component of cannabis – were radioactively marked in an experimental study and, after their induction, it was discovered that they had tropism by brain membranes and that their binding was saturated and stereosleptic. Such evidence strongly suggested the existence of endogenous receptors for the drug and it was these findings that led to the discovery of the Endocanabinoid System (SEC): a physiological apparatus made up of endogenous receptors and binders, philogenetically conserved, responsible for several controls related to neuronal homeostasis.
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Bhattarai, Jack Hall, Surya P., and David J. Midmore. "Effect of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L) planting density on weed suppression, crop growth, physiological responses, and fibre yield in the subtropics." Renewable Bioresources 2, no. 1 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7243/2052-6237-2-1.

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Rajšić, Ivana, Dragana Javorac, Simona Tatović, Aleksandra Repić, Danijela Đukić-Ćosić, Snežana Đorđević, Vera Lukić, and Zorica Bulat. "Effect of urine adulterants on commercial drug abuse screening test strip results." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 71, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3315.

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AbstractImmunochromatographic strips for urine drug screening tests (UDSTs) are common and very suitable for drug abuse monitoring, but are also highly susceptible to adulterants kept in the household, which can significantly alter test results. The aim of this study was to see how some of these common adulterants affect UDST results in practice and whether they can be detected by sample validity tests with pH and URIT 11G test strips. To this end we added household chemicals (acids, alkalis, oxidizing agents, surfactants, and miscellaneous substances) to urine samples positive for amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), tetrahydrocannabinol, heroin, cocaine, or benzodiazepines (diazepam or alprazolam) and tested them with one-component immunochromatographic UDST strips. The UDST for cocaine resisted adulteration the most, while the cannabis test produced the most false negative results. The most potent adulterant that barely changed the physiological properties of urine specimens and therefore escaped adulteration detection was vinegar. Besides lemon juice, it produced the most false negative test results. In conclusion, some urine adulterants, such as vinegar, could pass urine specimen validity test and remain undetected by laboratory testing. Our findings raise concern about this issue of preventing urine tampering and call for better control at sampling, privacy concerns notwithstanding, and better sample validity tests.
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Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R. "Treatment of Tourette Syndrome with Cannabinoids." Behavioural Neurology 27, no. 1 (2013): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/294264.

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Cannabinoids have been used for hundred of years for medical purposes. To day, the cannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and the cannabis extract nabiximols are approved for the treatment of nausea, anorexia and spasticity, respectively. In Tourette syndrome (TS) several anecdotal reports provided evidence that marijuana might be effective not only in the suppression of tics, but also in the treatment of associated behavioural problems. At the present time there are only two controlled trials available investigating the effect of THC in the treatment of TS. Using both self and examiner rating scales, in both studies a significant tic reduction could be observed after treatment with THC compared to placebo, without causing significant adverse effects. Available data about the effect of THC on obsessive-compulsive symptoms are inconsistent. According to a recent Cochrane review on the efficacy of cannabinoids in TS, definite conclusions cannot be drawn, because longer trials including a larger number of patients are missing. Notwithstanding this appraisal, by many experts THC is recommended for the treatment of TS in adult patients, when first line treatments failed to improve the tics. In treatment resistant adult patients, therefore, treatment with THC should be taken into consideration.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cannabis – Physiological effect"

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Kedzior, Karina Karolina. "Chronic cannabis use and attention-modulated prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in humans." University of Western Australia. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0027.

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Background. Various studies show that cannabis use alters attention and cognitive functioning in healthy humans and may contribute to development of schizophrenia or worsening of pre-existing psychosis. However, the impact of cannabis use on brain function in humans is not well understood. Schizophrenia is associated with a deficit in prepulse inhibition (PPI), the normal inhibition of the startle reflex by a non-startling stimulus (prepulse), presented before the startle stimulus at short time intervals (lead-time intervals). Such PPI deficit is thought to reflect a sensorimotor gating dysfunction in schizophrenia. PPI is also modulated by attention and PPI reduction in schizophrenia is observed when patients are asked to attend to, not ignore, the stimuli producing PPI. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between self-reported chronic cannabis use and attentional modulation of PPI in healthy controls and in patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, the association between cannabis use and other startle reflex modulators, including prepulse facilitation (PPF) of the startle reflex magnitude at long lead-time intervals, prepulse facilitation of the startle reflex onset latency and habituation of the startle reflex magnitude, were examined. Method. Auditory-evoked electromyographic signals were recorded from orbicularis oculi muscles in chronic cannabis users (29 healthy controls and 5 schizophrenia patients) and non-users (22 controls and 14 patients). The data for 36 participants (12 non-user controls, 16 healthy cannabis users, and eight non-user patients) were used in the final analyses and the patient data were used as a pilot study, because relatively few participants met the rigorous exclusionary criteria. Participants were instructed to attend to or to ignore either the startle stimuli alone (70 100 dB) or prepulse (70 dB) and startle stimuli (100 dB) separated by short lead-time intervals (20 200 ms) and long lead-time intervals (1600 ms). In order to ignore the auditory stimuli the participants played a visually guided hand-held computer game. A pilot study showed that the response component of playing the game had no effects on attentional modulation of the startle reflex magnitude and onset latency. Results. Relative to controls, cannabis use in healthy humans was associated with a reduction in PPI similar to that observed in schizophrenia while attending to stimuli, and with an attention-dependent dysfunction in the startle reflex magnitude habituation. While ignoring the stimuli there were no statistical differences in PPI between cannabis users and controls, although PPI in cannabis users tended to differ from that of the patients. The reduction in PPI in cannabis users was correlated with the increased duration of cannabis use, in years, but not with the concentration of cannabinoid metabolites in urine or with the recency of cannabis use in the preceding 24 hours. Furthermore, cannabis use was not associated with any differences in PPF, onset latency facilitation, and startle reflex magnitude in the absence of prepulses. The accuracy of self-reports of substance use was also investigated in this study and was found to be excellent. In addition, the study examined the validity of the substance use module of the diagnostic interview, CIDI-Auto 2.1, which was found to be acceptable for cannabis misuse diagnoses (abuse and/or dependence). Finally, cannabis dependence was found to be associated with more diagnoses of mental illness other than schizophrenia (mainly depression). Conclusions. The results of the current study suggest that chronic cannabis use is associated with schizophrenia-like deficit in PPI in otherwise healthy humans. This PPI reduction is associated with attentional impairment rather than a global sensorimotor gating deficit in healthy cannabis users.
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Van, Niekerk Antoinette Elisabeth. "Cannabis use : social risk factors and knowledge of health risks in a sample of adolescents." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7944.

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A study was conducted at a Durban high school which has a mixture of socioeconomic classes and races. All grade 10 pupils present on the day of the study were asked to complete a questionnaire under examination-like conditions. The aim was to determine the prevalence of dagga smoking as well as the pupils' knowledge of the effects and health risks of dagga smoking and the prevalence of associated features such as alcohol use, cigarette smoking and sexual activity. Dagga smoking was found to occur commonly (22.9%) and to be mainly a white male group activity. There was a strong association with cigarette smoking and alcohol abuse and a general lack of knowledge concerning the adverse health effects of dagga smoking. Peer pressure and relief of stress were cited as the commonest reasons for dagga smoking. More information and life skills training is required for this group of students as well as further research into substance abuse related topics in general.
Thesis (M.Med.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1997.
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Albrecht, Daniel Strakis. "Assessment of the dopamine system in addiction using positron emission tomography." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5192.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Drug addiction is a behavioral disorder characterized by impulsive behavior and continued intake of drug in the face of adverse consequences. Millions of people suffer the financial and social consequences of addiction, and yet many of the current therapies for addiction treatment have limited efficacy. Therefore, there is a critical need to characterize the neurobiological substrates of addiction in order to formulate better treatment options. In the first chapter, the striatal dopamine system is interrogated with [11C]raclopride PET to assess differences between chronic cannabis users and healthy controls. The results of this chapter indicate that chronic cannabis use is not associated with a reduction in striatal D2/D3 receptor availability, unlike many other drugs of abuse. Additionally, recent cannabis consumption in chronic users was negatively correlated with D2/D3 receptor availability. Chapter 2 describes a retrospective analysis in which striatal D2/D3 receptor availability is compared between three groups of alcohol-drinking and tobacco-smoking subjects: nontreatment-seeking alcoholic smokers, social-drinking smokers, and social-drinking non-smokers. Results showed that smokers had reduced D2/D3 receptor availability throughout the striatum, independent of drinking status. The results of the first two chapters suggest that some combustion product of marijuana and tobacco smoke may have an effect on striatal dopamine concentration. Furthermore, they serve to highlight the effectiveness of using baseline PET imaging to characterize dopamine dysfunction in addictions. The final chapter explores the use of [18F]fallypride PET in a proof-of-concept study to determine whether changes in cortical dopamine can be detected during a response inhibition task. We were able to detect several cortical regions of significant dopamine changes in response to the task, and the amount of change in three regions was significantly associated with task performance. Overall, the results of Chapter 3 validate the use of [18F]fallypride PET to detect cortical dopamine changes during a impulse control task. In summary, the results reported in the current document demonstrate the effectiveness of PET imaging as a tool for probing resting and activated dopamine systems in addiction. Future studies will expand on these results, and incorporate additional methods to further elucidate the neurobiology of addiction.
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Books on the topic "Cannabis – Physiological effect"

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Miriam, Cohen. Marijuana: Its effects on mind and body. London: Burke, 1985.

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Brown, David T. Cannabis: The genus Cannabis. Australia: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1998.

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F, Smith Paul. Cannabis on the brain. Palmerston North, N.Z: Dunmore Press, 2002.

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Cannabis and cognitive functioning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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Ramström, Jan. Adverse health consequences of cannabis use: A survey of scientific studies into the range of damage to health caused by cannabis. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen, 1998.

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Cannabis, ce que les parents doivent savoir. Paris: Lethielleux, 2010.

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Technology, Great Britain Parliamentary Office of Science and. Common illegal drugs and their effects: Cannabis, ecstasy, amphetamines, LSD. London: Parliamentary Office of Science & Technology, 1996.

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J, Harvey David, Paton William D. M, Nahas Gabriel G. 1920-, and International Congress of Pharmacology (9th : 1984 : London, England), eds. Marihuana '84: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Cannabis. Oxford: IRL Press, 1985.

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Petersen, Kay Uwe. Auswirkungen von Cannabiskonsum und -missbrauch: Eine Expertise zu gesundheitlichen und psychosozialen Folgen ; ein systematisches Review der international publizierten Studien von 1996-2006. Lengerich: Pabst, 2007.

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Border, Peter. Common illegal drugs and their effects: Cannabis, ecstasy, amphetamines, and LSD. London: Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, 1996.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cannabis – Physiological effect"

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Stewart, Sherry, Kayla Joyce, Phillip Tibbo, Nacera Hanzal, and Kimberley Good. "PMS Affective Symptoms Indirectly Linked to Cannabis Use Frequency and Problems via Cannabis Coping Motives." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.34.

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Background: Women with PMS have higher rates of substance use disorders but underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Research on the links of PMS to problematic substance use has largely omitted consideration of cannabis use. Design/Method: To fill these gaps, 87 cannabis using women (mean age = 28.9 years) completed a cross-sectional survey involving self-reports on their PMS symptoms on the Pre-Menstrual Scale – Short Form (PMS-SF), their usual motives for cannabis use on the Marijuana Motives Measure (MMM), their frequency of cannabis use in the last 30 days on the Cannabis Timeline Followback (C-TLFB), and their level of cannabis use problems on the Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test (CUDIT). Analyses/Results: A series of multiple regressions were performed, along with Sobel tests of indirect effects, to examine the potential mediational role of cannabis motives in explaining the expected links of PMS symptoms with cannabis use frequency and problems. Separate models were run with cannabis use frequency and problems as outcomes, and with PMS affective and physiological symptoms as predictors. In each case, both coping motives and social motives (as a control to determine specificity) were tested as simultaneous mediators. PMS Affective (but not Physiological) symptoms were indirectly positively related to both cannabis use frequency and problems through Coping (but not Social) motives for use (Sobel tests = 2.01 and 2.26, respectively, p’s < .05). Discussion: Findings suggest that it is the affective symptoms of PMS (e.g., depressed mood), rather than the physiological symptoms (e.g., bloating, pain), that drive more frequent and problematic cannabis use in women. Moreover, the mechanism to explain this link appears to be coping (but not social) motives for cannabis use. Thus, those women with greater levels of PMS affective symptoms appear to use cannabis more frequently and problematically than other women by way of their greater use of cannabis to cope with negative mood.
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