Academic literature on the topic 'Canine oral melanoma'
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Journal articles on the topic "Canine oral melanoma"
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Bergman, Philip J. "Canine Oral Melanoma." Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice 22, no. 2 (May 2007): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ctsap.2007.03.004.
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Behra, Biswadeep, S. Vairamuthu, Natesan Pazhanivel, Periyasamy Jalantha, and Ganne Venkata Sudhakar Rao. "Histological and Immunohistochemical Features of Pulmonary Metastatic Oral Melanoma in a Labrador dog." Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences & Biotechnology 18, no. 5 (November 7, 2022): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijvsbt.18.5.24.
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Melanoma is a malignant tumour that originates from melanocytes. It has been reported in human beings as well as in many domesticated animal species (Reddy et al., 1998), and wild terrestrial and marine animals. Melanomas are the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumours in the oral cavity of canines (Goldschmidt, 1985; Faramade et al., 2017). Gingiva is the most common site for canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM) but other parts like palatine, labile or buccal mucosa also act as the sites of origin (Delverdier et al., 1991). It is generally an aggressive tumour, often locally invasive, and frequently metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and lungs but metastasis to other organs like the brain, heart, spleen, and liver is not common (Goldschmidt and Hendrick, 2002). Canine OMM accounts for about 7% of all malignant tumours of canine, 11.5% to 17.1% of all oral tumours (Mikiewicz et al., 2019), and 33% to 35.8% of all malignant oral tumours (Sarowitz et al., 2017). OMM is reported in old age group animals mainly ranging from 7 to 14 years age (Esplin, 2008). Most common breeds affected by OMM include Cocker Spaniels, Golden Retrievers, Dachshunds, mixed-breed dogs (Gillard et al., 2014) but histologically well-differentiated melanocytic neoplasms (HWDMN) also reported in Golden Retrievers, Labrador, Doberman Pinscher, Irish Setters, Cocker Spaniels, Beagles, etc. (Esplin, 2008). The diagnosis of melanoma is difficult mainly in tumors without appreciable melanin. Histological appearance resembles carcinoma, lymphoma, sarcoma, and osteogenic tumours. Therefore, immunohistochemistry with numerous melanoma specific markers is mostly used for confirmatory diagnosis in human and veterinary pathology (Wick, 2008). This case report is on the occurrence of oral melanoma with pulmonary metastasis in a Labrador dog.
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Conrad, David, Alexandra Kehl, Christoph Beitzinger, Thomas Metzler, Katja Steiger, Nicole Pfarr, Konrad Fischer, Robert Klopfleisch, and Heike Aupperle-Lellbach. "Molecular Genetic Investigation of Digital Melanoma in Dogs." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 2 (January 30, 2022): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9020056.
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Canine digital melanoma, in contrast to canine oral melanoma, is still largely unexplored at the molecular genetic level. The aim of this study was to detect mutant genes in digital melanoma. Paraffin-embedded samples from 86 canine digital melanomas were examined for the BRAF V595E variant by digital droplet PCR (ddPCR), and for exon 11 mutations in c-kit. Furthermore, exons 2 and 3 of KRAS and NRAS were analysed by Sanger sequencing. Copy number variations (CNV) of KITLG in genomic DNA were analysed from nine dogs. The BRAF V595E variant was absent and in c-kit, a single nucleotide polymorphism was found in 16/70 tumours (23%). The number of copies of KITLG varied between 4 and 6. KRAS exon 2 codons 12 and 13 were mutated in 22/86 (25.6%) of the melanomas examined. Other mutually exclusive RAS mutations were found within the hotspot loci, i.e., KRAS exon 3 codon 61: 2/55 (3.6%); NRAS exon 2 codons 12 and 13: 2/83 (2.4%); and NRAS exon 3 codon 61: 9/86 (10.5%). However, no correlation could be established between histological malignancy criteria, survival times and the presence of RAS mutations. In summary, canine digital melanoma differs from molecular genetic data of canine oral melanoma and human melanoma, especially regarding the proportion of RAS mutations.
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Palma, Stefano Di, Ashleigh McConnell, Sara Verganti, and Mike Starkey. "Review on Canine Oral Melanoma: An Undervalued Authentic Genetic Model of Human Oral Melanoma?" Veterinary Pathology 58, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 881–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985821996658.
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Oral melanoma (OM) is a highly aggressive tumor of the oral cavity in humans and dogs. Here we review the phenotypic similarities between the disease in these 2 species as the basis for the view that canine OM is a good model for the corresponding human disease. Utility of the “canine model” has likely been hindered by a paucity of information about the extent of the molecular genetic similarities between human and canine OMs. Current knowledge of the somatic alterations that underpin human tumorigenesis and metastatic progression is relatively limited, primarily due to the rarity of the disease in humans and consequent lack of opportunity for large-scale molecular analysis. The molecular genetic comparisons between human and canine OMs that have been completed indicate some overlap between the somatic mutation profiles of canine OMs and a subset of human OMs. However, further comparative studies featuring, in particular, larger numbers of human OMs are required to provide substantive evidence that canine OMs share mechanisms of tumorigenesis with at least a subset of human OMs. Future molecular genetic investigations of both human and canine OMs should investigate how primary tumors develop a metastatic gene expression signature and the genetic and epigenetic alterations specific to metastatic sites. Such studies may identify genetic alterations and pathways specific to the metastatic disease which could be targetable by new drugs.
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Shimoyama, Y., Y. Akihara, D. Kirat, H. Iwano, K. Hirayama, Y. Kagawa, T. Ohmachi, et al. "Expression of Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 in Oral and Ocular Canine Melanocytic Tumors." Veterinary Pathology 44, no. 4 (July 2007): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.44-4-449.
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Solid tumors are composed of a heterogeneous population of cells surviving in various concentrations of oxygen. In a hypoxic environment, tumor cells generally up-regulate glycolysis and, therefore, generate more lactate that must be expelled from the cell through proton transporters to prevent intracellular acidosis. Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) is a major proton transporter in mammalian cells that transports monocarboxylates, such as lactate and pyruvate, together with a proton across the plasma membrane. Melanocytic neoplasia occurs frequently in dogs, but the prognosis is highly site-dependent. In this study, 50 oral canine melanomas, which were subdivided into 3 histologic subtypes, and 17 ocular canine melanocytic neoplasms (14 melanocytomas and 3 melanomas) were used to examine and compare MCT1 expression. Immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal chicken anti-rat MCT1 antibody showed that most oral melanoma exhibited cell membrane staining, although there were no significant differences observed among the 3 histologic subtypes. In contrast, the majority of ocular melanocytic tumors were not immunoreactive. Additionally, we documented the presence of a 45-kDa band in cell membrane protein Western blots, and sequencing of a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction band of expected size confirmed its identity as a partial canine MCT1 transcript in 3 oral tumors. Increased MCT1 expression in oral melanomas compared with ocular melanocytic tumors may reflect the very different biology between these tumors in dogs. These results are the first to document canine MCT1 expression in canine tumors and suggest that increased MCT1 expression may provide a potential therapeutic target for oral melanoma.
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Prouteau and André. "Canine Melanomas as Models for Human Melanomas: Clinical, Histological, and Genetic Comparison." Genes 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2019): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10070501.
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Despite recent genetic advances and numerous ongoing therapeutic trials, malignant melanoma remains fatal, and prognostic factors as well as more efficient treatments are needed. The development of such research strongly depends on the availability of appropriate models recapitulating all the features of human melanoma. The concept of comparative oncology, with the use of spontaneous canine models has recently acquired a unique value as a translational model. Canine malignant melanomas are naturally occurring cancers presenting striking homologies with human melanomas. As for many other cancers, dogs present surprising breed predispositions and higher frequency of certain subtypes per breed. Oral melanomas, which are much more frequent and highly severe in dogs and cutaneous melanomas with severe digital forms or uveal subtypes are subtypes presenting relevant homologies with their human counterparts, thus constituting close models for these human melanoma subtypes. This review addresses how canine and human melanoma subtypes compare based on their epidemiological, clinical, histological, and genetic characteristics, and how comparative oncology approaches can provide insights into rare and poorly characterized melanoma subtypes in humans that are frequent and breed-specific in dogs. We propose canine malignant melanomas as models for rare non-UV-induced human melanomas, especially mucosal melanomas. Naturally affected dogs offer the opportunity to decipher the genetics at both germline and somatic levels and to explore therapeutic options, with the dog entering preclinical trials as human patients, benefiting both dogs and humans.
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De Andrade, Gisele Braziliano, Alanderson Rodrigues Da Silva, João Bosco Vilela Campos, Joyce Katiuccia Medeiros Ramos Carvalho, Rosalina Marina Infiesta Zulim, Luciano Pereira De Barros, Cristiano Marcelo Espinola Carvalho, and Heitor Miraglia Herreira. "Canine Oral Osteocartilaginous Malignant Amelanotic Melanoma with Pulmonary Metastasis." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46 (July 29, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.87456.
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Background: Melanomas are typically malignant neoplasms commonly observed in the oral cavity of dogs. The classical presentation of melanomas with characteristic melanin pigmentation is easy to diagnose; however, in some cases, the lack of melanin production in the amelanotic oral tumors cause a delay in establishing the precocious diagnosis and consequent treatment. The aim of this report was to evaluate the histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of an oral amelanotic melanoma with osteocartilaginous formation and metastasis in a dog, in a temporal way.Case: A 10-year-old male German Shepherd dog, presenting mouth bleeding with an amelanotic melanoma located between the upper incisors was received at the Veterinary Hospital of the Catholic University Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. The animal was clinically evaluated and radiography was performed. The tumor was surgically removed and a sample was collected for histopathological examination that revealed spindloid and some epithelioid morphological cell types surrounded by a fibromatous matrix with moderate amounts of fibrovascular stroma. Approximately 1 month after surgical removal, recovery of the tumor was observed, and a second clinical analysis and collection of sample were performed. These procedures were repeated three times showing the same histopathological characteristics added by myxoid, chondroid, fibromatous tissue, and small groups of chondrocytes as well as central areas of irregular mineralized spicules. X-ray examination revealed proliferative and lytic bone infiltration in the jaw. Immunohistochemical analysis for melanocytic differentiation markers was performed showing positivity to Melan-A, tyrosinase and HMB-45 immunoreactivity, while no S100 reactivity was detected. After 11 months of the first biopsy, pleural effusion and radiopaque disseminated nodules of 1cm in the lungs were detected by X-ray. The animal died and necropsy was conducted. Multiple masses were observed in the lung and at the parietal pleura, suggesting lung metastasis by the positivity for Melan-A.Discussion: The dog was first diagnosed with fibromatous epulis based on the observation of fibroblastic tissue and spindle cells with intense vascularization associated to the site of the tumor and its macroscopic aspect. In the subsequent follow-ups the tumor displayed malignant characteristics observed by recurrence after each surgery, as the tumor returned even larger, aggressive, and infiltrative. From the second biopsy, the histopathological analysis showed the undifferentiated character of epithelioid neoplastic cells, demonstrated by the increase of cartilage and osteoid tissue and the mineral deposit. The phenomenon of the tumor stroma to form cartilage and bone is highlighted here because myxoid change and cartilage formation were frequently observed at the site where amelanotic spindle cells were actively proliferating. It is possible that neoplastic melanocytic cells themselves were involved in the development of the osteocartilaginous areas. Although no cytoplasmic melanin pigmentation was found in the tumor fragments, specific melanocytic markers for melanoma detected neoplastic melanocytes and unmelanized melanosomes. The positive reaction for Melan-A, HMB-45, and tyrosinase in the epithelioid, spindle, and cartilaginous cell groups of the neoplasia indicated amelanotic melanoma with osteocartilaginous differentiation. The negative HMB-45, S100, and tyrosinase expression in lung metastasis may be due to the fact that melanomas express aberrant markers and are also known to display occasional loss of their classic immunophenotype. Amelanotic melanoma can be underdiagnosed due to rapid progression of the tumor allied to the dedifferentiation ability of melanocytes. Thus, the follow up study of cell morphology and immunohistochemical analysis for melanogenic factors can be important determinants in diagnosis.
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Tellado, Matías Nicolás, Felipe Horacio Maglietti, Sebastián Diego Michinski, Guillermo Ricardo Marshall, and Emanuela Signori. "Electrochemotherapy in treatment of canine oral malignant melanoma and factors influencing treatment outcome." Radiology and Oncology 54, no. 1 (March 7, 2020): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raon-2020-0014.
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AbstractBackgroundOral malignant melanoma is the most common, but aggressive oral cancer in dogs with poor prognosis. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) has therapeutic potential in such tumors as effective local treatment. Therefore, the aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate treatment effectiveness of ECT in as first line treatment for canine oral malignant melanoma, and search for factors influencing treatment outcome.MethodsSixty-seven canines with primary oral malignant melanoma, non-candidates for first-line therapy, were enrolled. All dogs received ECT and follow-up exams for the span of two years.ResultsBased on RECIST criteria, the objective response rate was 100%, 89.5%, 57.7%, and 36.4%, in stage I, II, III and IV, respectively. Only patients in stage I, II and III with partial or complete response improved their quality of life. The median time to progression was 11, 7, 4 and 4 months, and median survival time after the treatment was 16.5, 9.0, 7.5 and 4.5 months, for patients in stage I, II, III and IV, respectively. Significantly better was local response in stage I and II disease (p = 0.0013), without the bone involvement (p = 0.043)ConclusionsElectrochemotherapy is effective local treatment of oral canine malignant melanoma when no alternative treatment is available. Better response is expected in stage I and II patients with tumors without bone involvement.
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Almela, Ramón, and Agustina Ansón. "A Review of Immunotherapeutic Strategies in Canine Malignant Melanoma." Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 1 (February 12, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6010015.
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In dogs, melanomas are relatively common tumors and the most common form of oral malignancy. Biological behavior is highly variable, usually aggressive, and frequently metastatic, with reported survival times of three months for oral or mucosal melanomas in advanced disease stages. Classical clinical management remains challenging; thus, novel and more efficacious treatment strategies are needed. Evidence-based medicine supports the role of the immune system to treat neoplastic diseases. Besides, immunotherapy offers the possibility of a precise medicinal approach to treat cancer. In recent years, multiple immunotherapeutic strategies have been developed, and are now recognized as a pillar of treatment. In addition, dogs represent a good model for translational medicine purposes. This review will cover the most relevant immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of canine malignant melanoma, divided among five different categories, namely, monoclonal antibodies, nonspecific immunotherapy activated by bacteria, vaccines, gene therapy, and lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy.
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Zamarian, Valentina, Carlotta Catozzi, Lorenzo Ressel, Riccardo Finotello, Fabrizio Ceciliani, Miguel Vilafranca, Jaume Altimira, and Cristina Lecchi. "MicroRNA Expression in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Samples of Canine Cutaneous and Oral Melanoma by RT-qPCR." Veterinary Pathology 56, no. 6 (September 16, 2019): 848–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985819868646.
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, noncoding RNA that post-transcriptionally regulate protein expression. miRNAs are emerging as clinical biomarkers of many diseases, including tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate whether miRNA expression could vary in melanoma samples derived from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. The study included 4 groups: (1) 9 samples of oral canine malignant melanoma, (2) 10 samples of cutaneous malignant melanoma, (3) 5 samples of healthy oral mucosa, and (4) 7 samples of healthy skin. The expression levels of 6 miRNAs—miR-145, miR-146a, miR-425-5p, miR-223, miR-365, and miR-134—were detected and assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using TaqMan probes. Cutaneous canine malignant melanoma showed a decrease of the expression level of miR-145 and miR-365 and an increase of miR-146a and miR-425-5p compared to control samples. MiR-145 was also downregulated in oral canine malignant melanoma. The miRNAs with decreased expression may regulate genes involved in RAS, Rap1, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathways, as well as upregulated genes associated with phosphatidylinositol signaling system, adherens junction, and RAS signaling pathways. In conclusion, miR-145, miR-365, miR-146a, and miR-425-5p were differentially expressed in canine malignant melanoma and healthy FFPE samples, suggesting that they may play a role in canine malignant melanoma pathogenesis.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Canine oral melanoma"
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Kmetiuk, Louise Nicolle Bach. "Desenvolvimento e avaliação comparativa do melanoma oral em camundongos, frente sua ocorrência espontânea em cães." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2016. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2761.
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ntrodução: O Melanoma é a principal neoplasia em cavidade oral de cães domésticos. Ocorre principalmente em gengiva, e caracteriza-se pela progressão acelerada, altos índices de recidiva, metástase e resistência a terapias propostas. Tais aspectos impulsionaram o presente estudo, considerando a ausência de um modelo experimental para essa neoplasia, que possibilite a realização de ensaios pré-clínicos. Objetivos: Induzir a formação de melanoma oral murino em camundongos C57Bl/6J, e estudar suas características macroscópicas e histopatológicas. Método: trata-se de um estudo experimental. Trinta camundongos C57Bl/6J (Mus musculus) foram submetidos a indução tumoral através da injeção de células da linhagem de melanoma murino B16F10 em gengiva inferior direita porção vestibular, em duas concentrações celulares, originando dois grupos distintos: Grupo 1 (n=15) que receberam 0,1 ml contendo 1x104 células de melanoma murino B16F10; Grupo 2 (n=15) que receberam 0,1 ml contendo 5x104 células de melanoma murino B16F10. Para ambos os grupos foram realizadas eutanásias programadas aos sétimo, décimo quarto e vigésimoprimeiro dias de pós-operatório, com ressecção ex-vivo da hemicabeça direita. Após a exclusão dos indivíduos que foram a óbito antes do período determinado para eutanásia, obteve-se um número de indivíduos na amostra (n) de 21. Foi realizada análise macroscópica das formações tumorais. Para o estudo histológico comparativo, analisaram-se amostras de melanoma oral canino melânico no que tange aos aspectos morfométricos e morfológicos. Resultados: Houve diferença no desenvolvimento tumoral para cada concentração celular utilizada na indução. Notouse correlação positiva entre volume tumoral e número de células. Conclusão: A indução de melanoma oral em camundongos para fins de modelo de estudo pré-clínico para cães se mostrou uma alternativa útil, viável e reproduzível.
Introduction: Melanoma is the most common neoplasm in oral cavity of dogs. Melanoma has a predilection for the gum, and it is characterized by accelerated progression and high rates of relapse, metastasis and resistance to proposed therapies. Those factors inspires the present study, considering the lack of an experimental model for melanoma. Method: This is an experimental study. Thirty C57Bl / 6J mice (Mus musculus) were submitted to tumor induction by injecting murine melanoma B16F10 cells into the right lower gum using two different cell concentrations. Mice were divided in two groups: Group 1 (n = 15) received 1x104 murine melanoma B16F10 cells injection; Group 2 (n = 15) received 5x104 murine melanoma B16F10 cells injections. For both groups, euthanasia was scheduled at the 7th., 14th. and 21th. postoperative day, with post-mortem hemi-resection of the jaw. Individuals who died before the euthanasia period were excluded, leaving 21 mice. Macroscopic analysis of tumor formations was performed. For comparative histological study, oral canine melanoma samples were analyzed for morphological aspects. Data sete analyzed with BioStat 5.3 and submitted to non-parametric statistical tests. Results: Different tumor characteristics (tumor volume, presence of irregular margins, ulceration and dark coloration) were observed for each cell concentration used in the induction, as well perfect correlation between tumor volume and tumor growth. Conclusion: The induction of oral melanoma in mice for purposes of preclinical study model for dogs is an useful, viable and reproducible alternative.
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NORDIO, LAURA. "COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PROGNOSTIC MARKERS IN CANINE AND FELINE MELANOMAS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/625608.
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The present PhD project investigates animal spontaneous models of non-UV induced melanomas, namely canine oral melanoma and feline iris diffuse melanoma (FDIM), which shares unique similarities in biological behavior with human mucosal melanoma and human iris melanoma, respectively.
The project investigates selected markers related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of these tumors, i.e. gene and proteins that have been implicated in the progression and metastasis in human, canine and feline melanomas, such as Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase (LTA4H), Fragile X mental retardation-related protein 1 (FXR1) and matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs). LTA4H is an enzyme of the arachidonic acid cascade, FXR1 is a RNA binding protein, MMPs a family of proteolytic enzymes of the extracellular matrix.
The specific aims of the project are:
1) the validation of anti-FXR1 antibodies in the canine species;
2) the investigation of the expression of LTA4H and FXR1 in canine oral melanoma;
3) the study of FXR1-induced modulation of MMPs in canine oral melanoma;
4) the study of MMPs and tumor-matrix interaction in feline diffuse iris melanoma.
1) Two different commercially available polyclonal anti-human FXR1 antibodies were validated for use in dogs. Western blot experiments highlighted the specificity of cross-reaction. Immunohistochemistry described for the first time the specific distribution of FXR1 protein in canine normal tissues, and then the expression of FXR1 in a pool of canine melanocytic tumors.
2) LTA4H and FXR1 genes and proteins expression was investigated in FFPE canine oral melanomas (histology and immunohistochemistry, n=36, from 32 dogs; RT-PCR, subset n=23; clinical follow-up, subset n=13). ΔCt expression values ranged 0.76-5.11 for LTA4H and 0.22-6.24 range for FXR1 (out of range in 3 cases). The immunohistochemical expression of the proteins was evaluated as IRS-score (percentage of positive cells combined with intensity of the staining). IRS-score of LTA4H and FXR1 proteins did not correlate with the expression of the codifying genes. LTA4H and FXR1 seemed not correlated with the known criteria of malignancy or with the clinical outcome, when available.
3) Since FXR1 belongs to a family of RNA binding protein able to modulate the mRNA coding for the proteolytic enzyme MMP-9, MMP-9 and its inhibitor TIMP-2 were investigated by immunohistochemistry in canine oral melanomas to assess the association of FXR1 with MMP-9 and the association of MMPs activity with the clinical outcome. MMP-9 expression seemed not associated with FXR1 in canine oral melanomas. Anyway, intense levels of MMP-9/TIMP-2 were observed in cases with high expression of FXR1 and with unfavorable clinical outcome in canine oral melanoma.
4) The expression of MMPs in FDIM was investigated. Immunohistochemical expression of MMP-9/TIMP-2 was investigated in 62 FDIM and results were compared with the histological grade and mitotic index. MMP-9 and TIMP-2 were expressed in 77.4% and 71.0% FDIM, respectively. Increasing MMP-9 and TIMP-2 paralleled with high histological grades and high mitotic index.
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Di, Palma Stefano <1978>. "Canine oral malignant melanoma: genomic and immunohistochemical approaches to better characterize the metastatic dissemination to the lymph node." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9165/1/OMM%20thesis%2031102019%20final%202020.pdf.
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Malignant melanoma is the most common malignant tumour of the oral cavity in the dog, with high rate of metastatic dissemination to the regional lymph nodes and distant
organs. There is significant overlap in regards of biologic behaviour, histological appearance and genomic alterations between canine and human OMMs. Therefore, the dog is considered a good preclinical model for this deadly tumour.
In the first part of this study we aimed to identify genes that are involved in the metastatic dissemination of canine OMMs by microarray mRNA profiling of 4 pairs of primary tumours and their lymph nodal metastases. These genes could represent a future target for the control and hopefully treatment of the metastatic disease. We pointed out the presence of several genes displaying different expression between the primary and the metastatic tumour. In particular, Rac1 seems to play a key role in the
dissemination of melanoma cells to the lymph node, most likely due to its regulatory activity of cell motility.
In the second part of the study we assessed the potential improvement of detection of lymphatic invasion in canine primary OMMs by using immunohistochemistry for Prox-1,
as the detection of lymphatic invasion in a primary tumour is generally considered an unfavourable prognostic factor for several cancers, including human and canine OMMs. We also tried to prove direct correlation between the presence of lymphatic invasion in the primary tumour and regional lymph node metastasis. Our results showed that Prox-1 IHC is not able to enhance detection of lymphatic invasion in the primary site and that the sensitivity of detection of lymphatic invasion in predicting lymph nodal metastasis is low (46.7%), despite high specificity (97%). Finally, we
pointed out the presence of interobserver variability in detecting lymphatic invasion in canine primary OMMs, most likely due to interpretative variation.
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Nishiya, Adriana Tomoko. "Administração intratumoral de uma toxina engenheirada ativada por uroquinase (UPA) e metaloproteinase (MMP) para o tratamento do melanoma oral canino: estudo piloto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5155/tde-06042018-132036/.
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Os melanomas malignos em cães são uma das mais frequentes neoplasias diagnosticadas na cavidade oral. Infiltração local, recidiva (15-41%) e o alto potencial para metástases em linfonodos regionais (18-53%) e pulmões (23-27%) nos animais acometidos, conferem uma menor sobrevida (131-818 dias), ressaltando a necessidade e importância do estudo de novas terapias para o tratamento efetivo da doença. As uroquinases (UPA) e metaloproteinases (MMPs) são proteases superexpressas em uma variedade de células tumorais e raramente estão presentes em células fisiologicamente normais. A toxina do Bacillus anthracis é composta por três proteínas chamadas: fator letal (LF), fator de edema (EF) e antígeno protetor (PA). A toxina foi reengenheirada para a formação de dois tipos de PAs chamadas PAU2-R200A e PAL1-I207R, ativadas por UPA e MMPs da superficie das células tumorais, respectivamente, formando um complexo semelhante a um poro celular para permitir a internalização da LF. A citotoxicidade dessa associação reengenheirada PAU2-R200A, PAL1-I207R e LF ocorre quando a LF atinge o meio intracelular e causa a morte celular por interrupção da via de sinalização celular MAPkinase. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o potencial terapêutico da toxina reengenheirada do Bacillus anthracis, PAU2-R200A, PAL1-I207R e LF, dependentes de UPA e MMP, em melanomas orais de cães. Três etapas foram propostas para este estudo: o estudo in vitro da citotoxicidade de 5 linhagens de melanomas caninos submetidas à toxina reengenheirada, a avaliação da expressão de UPA e MMP em amostras parafinadas de melanoma oral canino e o tratamento intratumoral com a toxina modificada em cães com melanomas orais espontâneos. A linhagem GMGD2 foi a única que demonstrou sensibilidade à toxina estudada, apesar da concentração inibitória de 50% das células ter sido alta (IC50=4.964,16 mg/dl) em relação a linhagem controle HT29-RJ (IC50=179,47). As demais linhagens não demostraram redução da viabilidade celular com o aumento da concentração da toxina reengenheirada e não atingiram a IC50. Dentre as amostras de melanomas submetidos a imuno-histoquimica, 76,6% expressavam tanto uroquinases quanto metaloproteinases. Melanomas orais espontâneos de cães variando de 231,8 a 18601,6 mm3 em volume, sem evidências de metástases, foram tratados com as aplicações da toxina modificada por via intratumoral, previamente à excisão, realizada nos dias 07 ou 14 do tratamento. Dentre os animais estudados, todos apresentaram evolução favorável classificada como doença estável e resposta parcial. Somente um animal apresentou reação local. Nenhum dos pacientes apresentou efeito colateral sistêmico importante. Os resultados sugerem que existe potencial terapêutico da toxina reengenheirada do Bacillus anthracis sobre os melanomas bucais caninos e futuros ensaios clínicos são possíveis em cães e de extrema importância para o estudo mais aprofundado da toxina como nova terapia antineoplásicaMalignant melanomas in dogs are one of the most frequent malignancies diagnosed in the oral cavity. Local infiltration, recurrence (15-41%) and the high potential for regional lymph nodes metastases (18-53%) and lungs (23-27%) in the affected animals, confer a lower survival (131-818 days), emphasizing the necessity and importance of the study of new therapies for the effective treatment of the disease. Urokinase (UPA) and metalloproteinases (MMPs) are overexpressed proteases in a variety of tumor cells and are rarely present in normal physiological cells. Bacillus anthracis toxin is composed of three proteins called lethal factor (LF), edema factor (EF) and protective antigen (PA). The toxin was re-engineered for the formation of two types of PAs called PAU2-R200A and PAL1-I207R, activated by UPA and MMPs from the surface of tumor cells, respectively, forming a cell-like complex to allow the internalization of the LF. The cytotoxicity of this association PAU2-R200A, PAL1-I207R and LF occurs when LF reaches the intracellular environment and causes cell death by disruption of the MAPkinase cell signaling pathway. The objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic potential of UPA and MMP-dependent Bacillus anthracis toxin (PAU2- R200A, PAL1-I207R and LF) to treat oral melanomas in dogs. Three steps were proposed: cytotoxicity assay of 5 lineages of canine melanomas submitted to the reengineered toxin, immunohistochemistry study for UPA and MMP expression in paraffin samples of canine oral melanoma and intratumoral treatment with toxin in dogs with spontaneous oral melanomas. The lineage GMGD2 was the only one that showed sensitivity to the toxin studied, although 50% inhibitory concentration of the cells was high (IC50 = 4,964.16 mg / dl) in relation to the HT29-RJ control lineage (IC 50 = 179.47). Among the samples of melanomas submitted to immunohistochemistry, 76.6% expressed both urokinase and metalloproteinases. Spontaneous oral melanomas of dogs ranging volume from 231.8 to 18601.6 mm3 with no evidence of distant metastases, were treated with the applications of intratumoral re-engineered toxin prior to surgical excision. All of them has presented favorable evolution classified as stable disease and partial response. Only one animal had a local allergic reaction. None of the patients had a significant systemic side effects. The results suggest that there is a potential therapeutic effect of re-engineered anthrax toxin on canine melanomas and future clinical trials are possible in dogs and extremely important for further studies on the role of the B. anthracis toxin as a new antineoplastic agent
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Hsiung, Yu-Hsing, and 熊祐興. "Detection of differential antigens expression in canine oral melanomas and construction of Melan-A expression plasmid." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73172260077935091886.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
獸醫學系暨研究所
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Melanoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of oral cavity in dogs. Metastasis of this cancer is associated with poor durable response to chemotherapy or any other known treatments. Melanoma differential antigens (e.g., Melan-A, tyrosinase and gp100), which are commonly recognized by the immune system, were highly expressed in melanoma lesions. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of differential antigens of the oral melanomas obtained from the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of National Chung Hsing University. All four immunohistochemistry markers showed 100 % positivity. Based on the results of immunohistochemistry staining, Melan-A was chosen with a multiepitope sequence (gp100 (280V), gp100 (210M), tyrosinase (370D) to generate an immunogenic agent for canine melanoma therapy. In our present study, Melan-A was successfully amplified from human melanoma cell line A375.S2c and was subsequently cloned into pET32a and pcDNA3.1 vector for expression in prokaryotic and mammalian system, respectively. Melan-A expression had also been detected by Western blot. The partial fragment containing two repeats of multiepitope sequence was also obtained by PCR.
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Campos, André Filipe Pedro. "O rácio neutrófilo-linfócito como fator de prognóstico para melanomas da cavidade oral em cães." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/9446.
Full textAbstract:
Orientação: Lénio Ribeiro, Hugo GregórioO melanoma é uma neoplasia dos melanócitos, células que estão presentes em diversas localizações, como a pele, mucosa oral e junções mucocutâneas do lábio e dos dígitos. Esta é a neoplasia oral mais comum em cães, tendo por norma um comportamento bastante agressivo. Dada a natureza desta neoplasia, que na maioria dos casos apresenta um mau prognóstico associado a um tempo de sobrevida curto mesmo com recurso a tratamento, nasce a necessidade de dar uma resposta mais urgente no momento da sua suspeita quanto à previsibilidade do seu comportamento. De forma a perceber quais os fatores de prognóstico mais importantes no melanoma e a sua relação com a sobrevida, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, na qual se pôde verificar que os fatores de prognóstico com maior frequência de avaliação são o índice mitótico, o índice de Ki67 e a dimensão tumoral. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o significado prognóstico da resposta inflamatória e imunitária do organismo, através do cálculo do rácio neutrófilo/linfócito no momento do diagnóstico de melanoma oral, e perceber como se traduzem os resultados obtidos no prognóstico e sobrevida dos animais. Avaliaram-se então, os hemogramas de 16 cães diagnosticadas com melanoma oral, obtendo-se assim uma mediana para o rácio neutrófilo/linfócito de 3,7. Esta mediana foi usada como valor ‘cut-off’, que quando avaliado em relação à sobrevida, permitiu concluir que os cães com um valor inferior a este, atingiram uma mediana de sobrevida de 13 meses, enquanto que os cães com um rácio superior a este apresentarem uma mediana de sobrevida de apenas 7 meses. Encontrando assim uma diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,044) na comparação entre os 2 grupos, e concluindo que o rácio neutrófilo/linfócito possui valor como indicador prognóstico neste estudo.
Melanoma is a neoplasm originating in menalocytes that are present in various locations, such as the skin, oral mucosa and mucocutaneous joints of the lip and digits. This is the most common oral neoplasia in dogs, with a very aggressive behavior. Given the nature of this neoplasm, which in most cases is presented with a poor prognosis associated with a short survival time even with treatment, the need arises to give a more urgent response at the time of its suspicion of the predictability of its behavior. In order to understand the most important prognostic factors in melanoma and its relation with survival, a systematic review of the literature was carried out, in which it was verified that the prognostic factors with higher frequency of evaluation are the mitotic index, Ki67 index and the tumor size. The present study aims to evaluate the prognostic significance of the inflammatory and immune response of the organism by calculating the neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio at the time the oral melanoma is diagnosed and to understand how the results obtained in the prognosis and survival are translated for the animals. Hemograms of 16 dogs diagnosed with oral melanoma were then evaluated, resulting in a median for the neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio of 3.7. This median was used as a cut-off value, which when evaluated in relation to survival, allowed to conclude that dogs with a lower value reached a median survival of 13 months, while dogs with a ratio higher than have a median survival of only 7 months. Finding a statistically significant difference (p = 0.044) in the comparison between the 2 groups, and concluding that the neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio was a useful prognostic indicator in this study.
Book chapters on the topic "Canine oral melanoma"
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Gavin, P. R., S. L. Kraft, C. E. DeHaan, R. D. Sande, M. Papageorges, and W. F. Bauer. "Spontaneous Canine Oral Melanoma: A Large Animal Model for BNCT." In Progress in Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer, 411–15. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3384-9_91.
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Ploypetch, Sekkarin, Sittiruk Roytrakul, and Gunnaporn Suriyaphol. "Salivary Proteomic Analysis of Canine Oral Melanoma by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and LC-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 429–45. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1205-7_31.
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Blacklock, Kelly Bowlt, Zeynap Birand, Laura Selmic, Pieter Nelissen, Sue Murphy, Laura Blackwood, Joyce Bass, et al. "Genome-wide analysis of canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM) metastasis-associated gene expression." In BSAVA Congress Proceedings 2019, 453–54. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22233/9781910443699.67.4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Canine oral melanoma"
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Pereira, Mariana Soares. "USO DE QUIMIOTERAPIA E ELETROQUIMIOTERAPIA NO CONTROLE DE MELANOMA ORAL AMELANÓTICO CANINO - RELATO DE CASO." In I Congresso On-line Nacional de Clínica Veterinária de Pequenos Animais. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1922.
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Introdução: O melanoma oral canino é uma neoplasia maligna, formado a partir de melanócitos. Quando ele é classificado como amelanótico, ele não sintetiza melanina intracitoplasmática e tem um comportamento agressivo, uma vez que possui um rápido desenvolvimento. Por causa disso, se infiltra localmente, tendo aumento do volume da cavidade oral, bem como deformação do contorno facial, hemorragia e perda de peso, podendo ocorrer metástase por via linfática até os linfonodos e pulmões. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um caso de melanoma oral amelanótico, onde é abordado o tratamento para o controle do crescimento do tumor, a fim de se garantir uma qualidade de vida relativamente boa ao animal. Material e métodos: Uma cadela, da raça teckel, de 8 anos, foi atendida na Clínica Veterinária Vital Vet com histórico de sangramento na gengiva, halitose e dificuldade para se alimentar. Após o exame clínico, foi vista uma massa aderida, envolvendo terceiro e quarto dente pré-molar e invadindo o palato. Logo, o animal foi submetido ao exame histopatológico, tendo o diagnóstico de melanoma amelanótico com infiltração no tecido conjuntivo peritumoral. Assim, iniciou-se protocolo quimioterápico com a utilização da carboplatina via intravenosa, a fim de reduzir a chance de metástase, visto que a radiografia do tórax apresentou normalidade. Ademais, optou-se pela eletroquimioterapia, com sulfato de bleomicina e cloridrato de doxorrubicina via intravenosa, que foi intercalada com a carboplatina após 21 dias. Resultados: Houve remissão tumoral no local, mantendo a qualidade de vida do animal. Contudo, devido à infiltração tumoral, a cadela apresentou dificuldade para se alimentar e foi colocada uma sonda esofágica no dia da eletroquimioterapia. Além disso, houve deformação facial e a eutanásia foi indicada após um mês do diagnóstico. Conclusão: Apesar desse esquema ter sido descrito poucas vezes na literatura, ele se mostrou satisfatório no controle local do melanoma amelanótico oral em cães, já que impediu o crescimento tumoral na maxila. Entretanto, ainda vale destacar que essa neoplasia é importante, pois mesmo que os tratamentos indicados sejam seguidos, os animais acometidos têm uma taxa de sobrevida baixa, mostrando, assim, que os protocolos não são totalmente eficazes, sendo necessário novos estudos.
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Ross, Maria Laura da Rosa Dal, Vinícius Rosa Dos Santos, Luísa Sant Anna Blaskoski Cardoso, and Julia Da Costa Cunha. "MELANOMA AMELANÓTICO EM FELINO: RELATO DE CASO." In I Congresso On-line Nacional de Clínica Veterinária de Pequenos Animais. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1933.
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Introdução: As neoplasias na cavidade oral representam cerca de 5% de todas as neoformações encontradas em caninos e felinos. O termo melanoma é utilizado quando há uma neoplasia maligna dos melanócitos. Os melanomas amelanóticos são aqueles em que não há pigmentação. Objetivo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o caso de um felino fêmea, sem raça definida, de 8 anos com uma neoplasia no ramo mandibular direito, identificada em um estudo radiográfico e, posteriormente, diagnosticada como melanoma amelanótico, pelo exame histopatológico. O paciente apresentava perda de peso e variações no apetite. Ao exame físico notou-se a presença de uma massa em cavidade oral no ramo mandibular direito, além disso o paciente apresentava sialorréia leve e as mucosas pálidas. Foi indicado uma radiografia de crânio, o qual mostrou um aumento de tecidos moles concomitante com áreas de lise óssea no ramo mandibular direito, discreta proliferação no periósteo na porção ventral do ramo e deslocamento dorsal do molar inferior. Materiais e Métodos: Os tratamentos de eleição foram a eletroquimioterapia e posteriormente uma cirurgia de excisão do neoplasma. O diagnóstico definitivo de neoplasias de células pouco diferenciadas é feito com o auxílio dos exames histopatológico e imunohistoquímico. Resultados: Ocorreu a coleta do material para o exame histopatológico, o qual mostrou fragmentos apresentando neoplasia maligna invadindo difusamente a submucosa e o tecido muscular adjacente. O diagnóstico definitivo foi de melanoma amelanótico. Após alguns meses, a paciente retornou com a queixa inicial de prostração, à análise física notou-se feridas na região onde houvera a excisão da neoplasia, levando a suspeita de uma possível recidiva tumoral. Solicitou-se uma nova radiografia de crânio, que apontou perda de densidade óssea no ramo mandibular direito, área onde havia, anteriormente, o melanoma. Após diagnóstico de confirmação e devido a complicações no quadro clínico do paciente, e o possível prognóstico desfavorável foi realizada a eutanásia. Conclusão: Por ser extremamente raro na cavidade oral de felinos, os dados quanto à predisposição de melanoma nessa espécie são escassos, portanto, o presente relato corrobora para novos estudos quanto à patogenia e comportamento desse tipo de neoplasia.