Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cane'
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Cowley, Melanny. "The healing cane." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1476288.
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Steinbach, Bernhard. "Cane: the American Adam rekindled." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101152.
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Cane is already recognized as the most significant landmark of the Harlem Renaissance, and as one of the first major contributions to black literature. However, critics have neglected to address its similarities to nineteenth-century American literature, and specifically how it continues a celebrated tradition dedicated to penetrating considerations of American identity.
This study attempts to re-focus the critical perspective to illustrate that Cane deserves recognition as a major work of American literature because it calls for an Adamic personality to combat the complexities of the enigmatic American scene. Moreover, the study suggests that Cane belongs among those famous American writings by Emerson, Hawthorne, Whitman, Twain, and Melville because it too investigates the tensions between individuality and social continuity that are so important to an ongoing American dialectic. Finally, the study explains that Cane is in fact worthy of acceptance into the exclusive forum of American writings because ( in Roger Rosenblatt's words) it “is not conceived of in terms of what an individual human being may strive to overcome or accomplish, but rather in terms of where that individual may be spiritually and culturally located.”M.A.
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Leibovitch, Stewart. "The effect of cane management system on yield and selected cane characteristics of the red raspberry /." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63901.
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Govinden, Noël. "Intercropping of sugar cane with maize." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4994.
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Ang, Dexter W. "Designing the Sugar Cane Charcoal Extruder." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32885.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005."June 2005."
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 32).
The Sugar Cane Charcoal Extruder compresses carbonized sugar cane into charcoal briquettes. that are environmentally-friendly and comparable to wood charcoal in burn performance, cost, and durability. Originally developed in the fall semester of 2004 in the MIT course 2.009, Product Engineering Processes, the extruder is designed for use in Haiti where wood charcoal constitutes up to a seventh of a family's expenditures. For a nation without a widespread electric grid such as Haiti, a locally manufacturable, affordable, and family-operated charcoal extruder is an effective method to introduce alternative energy into the economy. This thesis documents the past developments of the extruder and presents an improved design that is more portable, more robust, and less expensive to build than the original versions. The new design loads the bagasse and binder directly into the feedscrew and compresses the mixture using threads of decreasing pitch. Evaluations of design successes and failures are provided as well as recommendations for future development.
by Dexter W. Ang.
S.B.
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PAGNUZZI, AUGUSTE. "Etude des oeuvres dialectales d'andre cane." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE2017.
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Andre cane, auteur contemporain, ne en 1908, a publie en francais et en nicois, des oeuvres historiques, des contes et des textes a dominante ethonologique. La these, dans une premiere partie, presente l'auteur dans le contexte litteraire et politique du vingtieme siecle, si particulier dans la region nicoise, la deuxieme partie est consacree a la constitution d'un corpus exhanstif des oeuvres dialectales (43 textes) et de leurs traductions commentees. Elle se termine par la presentation d'un lexique des termes les plus specifiques de l'ecriture d'andre cane. Le but de la these, en effet, est de degager l'originalite de l'oeuvre d'andre cane et le talent imaginatif de l'auteur, un des derniers ecrivains a conserver une langue nicoise tres pureANDRE CANE, A CONTEMPORARY AUTHOR BORN IN 1908, HAS PUBLISHED HISTORICAL WORKS, TALES AND ETHNOLOGICAL TEXTS IN THE FRENCH AND NISSART LANGUAGES. THE FIRST PART OF THIS THESIS PRESENTS THE AUTHOR IN THE HIGHLY SPECIFIC 20 TH-CENTURY POLITICAL AND LITERARY CONTEXT OF THE REGION OF NICE. THE SECOND PART DEALS WITH THE COMPILING OF AN EXHAUSTIVE CORPUS OF OEUVRES DIALECTALES (43 DIALECTAL TEXTS) with AN ANNOTATED TRANSLATION. IT CONCLUDES WITH A LEXICON OF THE MOST CHARACTERISTIC TERMS IN ANDRE CANE'S WRITING. THE PURPOSE OF THE THESIS IS TO BRING OUT THE ORIGINALITY AND IMAGINATIVE TALENT OF ANDRE CANE, ONE OF THE LAST WRITERS TO HAVE PRESERVED THE NISSART LANGUAGE IN ALL ITS PURITY
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Shahri, Atena Amanati. "Blind robot navigation using guide cane." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.
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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Luiz de Siqueira Martins-FilhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, 2017.
Esta dissertação trata do problema de navegação e orientação do robô móvel, que são considerados como as principais tarefas dele. Diferentes sistemas sensoriais, como o visual, ultra-som e infravermelho, executam com êxito a tarefa de navegação. No entanto, o desempenho desses sensores depende estritamente da neblina ambiente, neblina densa, condições subaquáticas. Um robô extremamente simples será apresentado com a qual a navegação ainda é possível. Para conseguir isso, replicar exatamente o que a natureza está fazendo não é obrigatório. É necessário apenas obter princípios envolvidos, por exemplo, em como um homem cego encontra o caminho ou mesmo como as baratas, ratos ou selos navegam. Toda a idéia é utilizar o robô móvel para que ele possa explorar um ambiente interno e encontrar a porta de saída por requisitos mínimos de detecção com a tentativa de fazer o robô mais simples com apenas informações de contato navegar. Portanto, uma antena é anexada a um robô de rodas comercialmente disponível. A antena faz o robô detectar o seu ambiente e não permite que o robô se guie muito perto da parede. Uma estratégia de navegação para um robô móvel é introduzida com base no mecanismo do homem cego encontrando sua maneira de usar a informação interativa obtida através de contatos e informações do próprio braço para entender a posição relativa dos objetos contatados ou sua própria posição e explorar em uma sala sem o mapa. O método apresentado para um robô equipado com uma antena de 1 DOF como um efetor final onde a variação de ângulo entre o braço do robô móvel DaNI e a parede vem de um codificador. Este robô simples escolhe uma direção de movimento e se move naquela direção na medida do possível. Finalmente, a viabilidade e a confiabilidade deste estudo são verificadas pelos resultados da simulação no LabVIEW.
This dissertation deals with the Navigation and orientation problem of mobile robot, which are considered as the main tasks of it. Different sensory systems such as visual, ultrasonic and infrared successfully perform navigation task. However, the performance of these sensors strictly depends on the ambient dark, dense fog, underwater conditions. An extremely simple robot will be presented with which navigation is still possible. To achieve this replicating exactly what nature is doing is not obligatory. It is necessary to just get principles involved in for instance how a blind man find its way or even how cockroaches, rats or seals navigate. The whole idea is to utilize the mobile robot so that it could explore an indoor environment and find the exit door by minimum sensing requirements with the attempt to make simplest robot with only contact information navigate. Therefore an antenna is attached to a commercially available wheeled robot. The antenna makes the robot sense its environment and does not allow the robot to steer too close to the wall. A navigation strategy for a mobile robot is introduced based on the mechanism of blind man finding their way using the interactive information obtained through contacts and own arm information to understand the relative position of the objects contacted or its own position and to explore in a room without the map. The method presented for a robot equipped with a 1-DOF antenna as an end effector where the angle variation between DaNI mobile robot arm and wall comes from an encoder. This simple robot chooses a motion direction and moves in that direction as far as possible. Finally, the feasibility and reliability of this study are verified by the simulation results in LabVIEW.
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Nguyen, Danny M. T. "Colour removal from sugar cane juice." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/66234/1/Danny_Nguyen_Thesis.pdf.
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The key contribution contained in this thesis is an understanding of the degradation of colour precursors in sugar solutions. A new direction of research for the removal of colour and colour precursors in sugar process streams has been identified through the use of the Fenton oxidation and related processes.
The decolourisation technologies developed in this study showed reductions in colour in synthetic and factory sugar process streams. These technologies have the potential to lower refining and manufacturing costs for the sugar industry.
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Raccagni, Ramona <1983>. "Aspetti fisiopatologici della prostata di cane." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3631/1/raccagni_ramona_tesi.pdf.
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Il lavoro eseguito comprende 3 differenti studi inerenti l’approfondimento di diversi aspetti della fisiopatologia della prostata, in particolare l’aspetto clinico, biochimico ed ormonale.
Per quanto riguarda l’aspetto clinico è stato eseguito uno studio ecografico sull’accrescimento e sviluppo della ghiandola, a partire dai 4 giorni di vita all’anno di età del cane.
L’aspetto biochimico dell’organo è stato indagato nel secondo studio, analizzando l’eventuali differenze nel profilo proteico e nel profilo dello zinco, valutato con spettrofotometria ad assorbimento atomico, su campioni di plasma seminale di cani sani o cani affetti da iperplasia prostatica benigna sintomatica od asintomatica. Lo studio è stato eseguito allo scopo di valutare se l’approccio biochimico ai problemi prostatici possa essere d’aiuto nella diagnosi della più comune patologia della prostata, l’iperplasia prostatica benigna.
Il terzo studio inerente l’aspetto ormonale della prostata, completa lo studio precedente, analizzando le eventuali differenze ormonali (Testosterone, Estrogeni e Progesterone) riscontrabili fra due gruppi di cani: i cani sani e quelli affetti da iperplasia prostatica benigna.
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Raccagni, Ramona <1983>. "Aspetti fisiopatologici della prostata di cane." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3631/.
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Il lavoro eseguito comprende 3 differenti studi inerenti l’approfondimento di diversi aspetti della fisiopatologia della prostata, in particolare l’aspetto clinico, biochimico ed ormonale.
Per quanto riguarda l’aspetto clinico è stato eseguito uno studio ecografico sull’accrescimento e sviluppo della ghiandola, a partire dai 4 giorni di vita all’anno di età del cane.
L’aspetto biochimico dell’organo è stato indagato nel secondo studio, analizzando l’eventuali differenze nel profilo proteico e nel profilo dello zinco, valutato con spettrofotometria ad assorbimento atomico, su campioni di plasma seminale di cani sani o cani affetti da iperplasia prostatica benigna sintomatica od asintomatica. Lo studio è stato eseguito allo scopo di valutare se l’approccio biochimico ai problemi prostatici possa essere d’aiuto nella diagnosi della più comune patologia della prostata, l’iperplasia prostatica benigna.
Il terzo studio inerente l’aspetto ormonale della prostata, completa lo studio precedente, analizzando le eventuali differenze ormonali (Testosterone, Estrogeni e Progesterone) riscontrabili fra due gruppi di cani: i cani sani e quelli affetti da iperplasia prostatica benigna.
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Mezzalira, Giorgia. "Studio delle patologie renali del cane." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425666.
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This study selected 40 canine patients with signalement, anamnesis, lab exams and renal biopsy or renal sample taken during necropsy.
Renal sections stained with H&E, PAS, PASM, Masson's Thrichrome and AFOG was evaluated by three independent pathologists. Later, morphological diagnoses were correlated with lab exams.Questo studio ha selezionato 40 cani completi di segnalamento, anamnesi, esami di laboratorio e campione bioptico renale prelevato tramite biopsia o post mortem, in sede necroscopica. Le sezioni istologiche ottenute e colorate con ematossilina ed eosina, PAS, PASM, Tricromica di Masson ed AFOG sono state valutate da tre patologi in sede separata. Le diagnosi morfologiche sono state poste poi in relazione con i dati laboratoristici in possesso.
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Buchanan, Vernon Everett. "Surface Engineering of Sugar Cane Mill Rollers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489965.
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There has been renewed interest in recent years to address the coating of sugarcane mill rollers, due to the advancement in the development of welding electrodes and wires for surfacing and the need to improve the productivity and extraction of 'Ul!!urcane juice. The aim ofthis study is to evaluate and compare the performance of .hlclded metal arc welding (SMAW) overlays with an experimental arc sprayed. ''(luting in order to identify an alternative process that performs equally or better than SMAW in terms of abrasive wear performance under specific environment. The ~,udy focussed on three main areas: solidification and microstructure, abrasive wear, hud corrosion. The SMAW and arc sprayed coatings were deposited using Fe-Cr-C electrodes amt ,m experimental Fe-Cr-B wire, respectively. Friction and abrasive wear tests Wlrt conducted using a modified block-on-ring tester that simulated the wear eoodltlons experienced in a sugarcane mill, while corrosion tests were performed lIltnJ Jmmcrsion and electrochemical methods. Microstructures of the as-deposited coatings were characterised using optical mt''''L'OPY, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) IIld N=ret)' diffraction (XRD). The wear mechanisms were also investigated by lllminln~ the worn surfaces and subsurfaces using SEM. ('tmlpluison of the resulting SMAW coatings revealed that variations in the • .....hhm of the welding electrodes as well as welding procedure produced significant differences in the microstructure in terms of morphology of the carbides, distribution and proportion of the carbide phases, and microhardness. The arc- 'prayed coating exhibited better abrasive wear and corrosion resistance compared to the SMAW coatings. The amount and distribution of free chromium in the specimens were the primary factors that controlled the corrosion behaviour. The dominant wear m~~hnnisms controlling abrasion were found to be microploughing and microcutting In the hypoeutectic coating, and microcracking in the hypereutectic and are sprayed coatings.
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Furtado, de Souza Jose Ribamar. "Farmer participation in Brazilian sugar cane research." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2815/.
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This research is concerned with the contribution which farmer participation, as a complementary approach to agricultural research in Brazil, can make to the Improvement of disadvantaged farmers socioeconomic conditions through the solution of their technological problems. This notion is embodied in the concepts of Farming Systems Research and Farmer Participatory Research, which provide the broad theoretical framework within which this investigation was developed. The context in which the research was carried out was Brazilian sugar cane growing regions, with a specific focus on the practice of farmer participation within the Three Year' Plan for Diffusion of Technology for Sugar Cane Agro-industry's Resource-poor Farmers (Plano Trienal). Material for this investigation derives from two sources: direct involvement since the pilot project original phase of the Plano Trienal over a period of six years and a period of fieldwork undertaken in 1988. During the latter, data were collected by means of questionnaires, interviews, participant observation and Informal discussions in the States of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Pernambuco, Paraiba and Rio Grande do Norte. The dynamics of sugar cane agriculture is analysed within the overall sugar cane agro-industry as a particular sector of Brazilian agriculture. The concepts of Farming Systems Research and Farming Participatory Research are then set within this general frame of reference. Subsequently, the policies advocated by research and extension services is situated within the wider context of the Brazilian sugar cane agro-industry. Specific attention is then given to the failure of 'conservative modernisation' policies adopted by those services. Within this broad framework the formation and development of the Plano Trienal is described and analysed. The performance of the Plan's selected projects is then investigated through a comparative study, with particular attention given to the types of approaches employed, both, participatory and persuasive. In this perspective, combined statistical and qualitative methods are employed, based on variables (such as technology, approach, farm, farmer and technician) with specific reference to four economic indicators: productivity, assets, adoption and technological problems. Finally, the role of Farmer Participation is critically analysed referring to Farmer Participatory Research as a crucial component of the agricultural research process. The research findings point to the central importance of farmer's indigenous knowledge and scientific knowledge based upon 'mutual respect', and grounded in experience, for the processes of participatory research. In these processes, the relationship established between farmer and technician was found to be a fundamental aspect of research practice in which great weight is placed upon the farmer's role not as an object but as the 'subject' of agricultural research. This research demonstrates that the projects which embraced this approach achieved a higher level of technology adoption, a greater number of technological solutions and a greater increase in productivity and farmers' assets. The main policy implication of the thesis is that farmer participation, as a complementary approach to agricultural research methods, can contribute significantly to modifying the socio-economic situation of disadvantaged farmers.
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Tamburro, Roberto <1977>. "Procedure chirurgiche nelle emergenze respiratorie del cane." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1876/1/tesi.pdf.
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Tamburro, Roberto <1977>. "Procedure chirurgiche nelle emergenze respiratorie del cane." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1876/.
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Baroni, Ermenegildo. "Protesi d'anca ad osteointegrazione biologica nel cane." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425556.
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Prana, Elisa. "Aspetti endocrini nel processo d'invecchiamento del cane." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423215.
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Several studies in humans have shown that the aging process is associated with endocrine disruption, in particular of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol are steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal glands. They have pleiotropic biological effects, influencing a wide range of physiological functions. In humans, the biosynthetic dissociation of these steroids occurs during the aging process and this event becomes evident when age-related pathologies are clearly manifested. Recent works support the dog as a useful animal model for the study of human aging processes. The dog shows a remarkable similarity with the human cognitive decline. However, even if DHEA and cortisol have been extensively investigated in humans, little is known about these hormones in dogs.
The main purpose of the first part of this thesis was to investigate whether and how the plasmatic concentrations of DHEA and cortisol (and their ratio) are affected by age and gender in the canine species. The evaluation of DHEA and cortisol concentrations has been determined by using radioimmunoassay analysis. In addition, these hormones have been also analyzed in different stages of estrous cycle and in ovariectomized bitches in order to detect changes associated with reproductive status.
The results showed that the trend of both hormones did not change during aging in the dog, but the plasmatic concentration of DHEA is influenced by gender, reproductive status and presence of gonadectomy.
The second part of this thesis aimed at assessing whether some behavioral tests, that are known to socially and psychologically stress the dog, finally induce a different activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in adult and elderly owned dogs.
Salivary cortisol was chosen as marker of stress and was evaluated by radioimmunoassay analysis. The salivary cortisol concentrations of the recruited dogs were compared before and after each experimental protocols.
However, circumstances prior to the test must have contributed to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, producing an increase of cortisol in samples taken before the behavioral tests. As a consequence, it has not been possible to evaluate the stressor effect of the experimental protocol in all the subjects of the recruited population, and to highlight a difference between adult and elderly dogs. However, in a subpopulation of dogs it was possible to show that the social emotional stress is able to induce an increase in cortisol concentrations.
In conclusion, this thesis has allowed to obtain new insights into the physiological levels of the DHEA and cortisol hormones and their ratio in relation to age, gender, reproductive status and gonadectomy in dogs. It showed that for dogs an emotional event is more stressful than a psychological event. Future studies are needed to determine whether a different response exists between adult and elderly dogs.Parecchi studi condotti nell’ uomo hanno dimostrato che il processo d’ invecchiamento è associato ad alterazioni del sistema endocrino ed in particolare dell’ asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-surrene. Deidroepiandrosterone e cortisolo sono ormoni steroidei, secreti dalle ghiandole surrenali, che presentano attività biologica pleiotropica. La dissociazione biosintetica di questi steroidi che si verifica con il progredire dell’ età nella specie umana, diventa evidente soprattutto nel momento in cui molte patologie legate all’ invecchiamento iniziano a diventare marcatamente prevalenti. Recenti lavori supportano il cane come modello animale per lo studio dell’ invecchiamento umano, soprattutto per la notevole analogia esistente tra le due specie per quanto riguarda il declino neurologico e cognitivo. Tuttavia, se la letteratura umana presenta numerosi lavori inerenti questi steroidi, quella riguardante la specie canina e gli ormoni in questione È decisamente meno esaustiva. La prima parte di questa tesi ha avuto come principale obiettivo quello di indagare, attraverso l’ utilizzo dell’ analisi radioimmunologica, se ed in che modo le concentrazioni plasmatiche di DHEA e di cortisolo, ed il loro rapporto nella specie canina, siano influenzate da età e genere. Inoltre, una valutazione di questi ormoni È stata effettuata nelle diverse fasi del ciclo estrale ed in cagne ovariectomizzate al fine di individuare la presenza di variazioni associate alla condizione riproduttiva. I risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato come l’ andamento di entrambi questi ormoni non subisca modificazioni durante l’ invecchiamento nel cane, mentre È emerso come le concentrazioni plasmatiche di DHEA sia influenzate da genere, condizione riproduttiva e presenza di gonadectomia. La seconda parte di questa tesi ha invece cercato di verificare se test comportamentali che creano situazioni di stress sociale e psicologico, siano in grado di determinare una differente attivazione dell’ asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-surrene in cani di proprietà adulti ed anziani. Attraverso l’ analisi radioimmunologica È stata effettuata una valutazione del cortisolo salivare, confrontando le concentrazioni dei campioni raccolti dai cani reclutati prima e dopo ciascuno di tre differenti protocolli sperimentali. Circostanze antecedenti ai test devono tuttavia aver contribuito a determinare un’ attivazione dell’ asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-surrene, che ha generato un aumento della cortisolemia nei prelievi effettuati prima dei tre test comportamentali. Questo non ha consentito di verificare l’ effetto dei test nell’ intera popolazione reclutata e soprattutto di evidenziare una differenza tra cani adulti ed anziani nella risposta allo stress. Tuttavia È stato possibile in una sottopopolazione di cani evidenziare come stress di tipo emozionale sociale sia in grado di indurre un aumento della cortisolemia nel cane. Per concludere, questa tesi ha consentito di ottenere nuove conoscenze sui livelli fisiologici basali che gli ormoni DHEA e cortisolo ed il loro rapporto assumono in relazione ad età , genere, condizione riproduttiva e gonadectomia nella specie canina. Essa ha inoltre consentito di evidenziare come per il cane un evento di natura emozionale sia maggiormente stressante rispetto ad uno di natura psicologica. La sperimentazione futura attuata con i dovuti accorgimenti dovrà in cani adulti ed anziani verificare se una diversa risposta È presente.
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Michelazzo, Marcio Beraldo. "Analise de sensibilidade de seis sistemas de recolhimento do palhiço da cana-de-açucar (Saccharum spp.)." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257221.
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Orientador: Oscar Antonio BraunbeckDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: A biomassa é uma fonte de energia renovável, disponível e alternativa. Quando a colheita é feita sem realização de queimada, a biomassa da cana-de-açúcar, na forma de palhiço, é uma das fontes de energia renovável com enorme potencial no Brasil. Todavia, o aproveitamento desses resíduos em larga escala é dificultado pelo alto custo de seu recolhimento, principalmente no que diz respeito ao recolhimento, adensamento e transporte. Este trabalho analisou tecnicamente algumas características envolvidas no recolhimento do palhiço, tais como massa específica final do palhiço e complexidade das máquinas envolvidas, juntamente com uma análise econômica, por meio de um modelo de cálculo de custo, por meio de simulação de eficiências e capacidades operacionais que compõem cada sistema de recolhimento do palhiço. De acordo com os resultados, o sistema colheita integral apresentou o menor custo de recolhimento do palhiço, tanto para distância pequenas como para grandes distâncias. Seguido pelos sistemas picado a granel, fardo cilíndrico, fardo algodoeiro, peletização e briquetagem
Abstract: Sugarcane is one of the energy sources most readily available in Brazil, mainly due to residues such as trash (tops, dry and green leaves). However, large scale use of these residues still faces high recovery costs related to gathering, baling, transportation, chopping and technology for residue utilization. An analysis was done of the mechanical principles involved in the packing processes. A model was defined to estimate the cost of trash recovery simulating the field capacity, oil consumption, depreciation, repair and maintenance and labor required for the field and transport operations. Six recovery systems were studied both from the technical and economical points of view. The results showed that handling billets and trash together, described as ¿Integral harvest¿, has the lowest cost for trash recovery, both for short and long distances, followed by bulk handling of chopped trash, the round bale, the giant bale and finally the pellet and briquette systems
Mestrado
Maquinas Agricolas
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Opara, Charles C. "Continuous ethanol production from Nigerian cane-sugar molasses." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1987. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13788.
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The fermentation of carbohydrate sources into ethanol has become increasingly important to both industrialized and developing countries, because of its numerous uses and the need to produce it from renewable resources. In a developing tropical country such as Nigeria, proliferation of microbial life due to the hot climate, and lack of the technical know-how to maintain commercially available plants have created the need to look inwards in order to design and realize simple processes and units from local inputs. The inputs are the microorganism, sugar source, and fermentation system. In this project, high ethanol yielding microorganisms (yeast and bacteria) were isolated from local alcoholic beverages, characterized and used to ferment suitably clarified molasses. Cell immobilized, fixed-bed fermentation system was found most suitable for the tropics.
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Davis, Claudia M. "The Objectification of Women in Cane." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1386770950.
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Meller, Lauro. "Sugar cane fields forever: carnavalização, Sgt. Pepper's, tropicália /." Florianópolis, SC, 1998. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/77974.
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Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T09:12:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-09T00:01:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 147672.pdf: 2787093 bytes, checksum: 65c50e8ddcf960e780560daba7cdd572 (MD5)
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Tribuiani, Anna Maria <1977>. "Campi elettromagnetici pulsanti nella terapia dell'artrosi del cane." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4002/1/Tribuiani_AnnaMaria_Tesi.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFS) on pain relief and functional capacity of dogs with osteoarthritis by which a single centre study prospective clinical trial. PEMFs are non ionized, athermic and time varying electromagnetic fields that has been successfully used for the treatment of osteoarthritis in human thanks to their chondroprotective, antinflammatory and analgesic property. 20 dogs were treated with PEMFs , 3 times per week for a total of 20 sessions.We found beneficial effects on pain relief and lameness in the absence of adverse effect. The decrease of pain impacted positively on the health-dogs related quality of life and the grade of satisfaction of their owner was very high. The benefits were obvious at half therapy and lasted for a medium long time. This is the first published report concerning PEMFs treatment on canine osteoarthtitis. The result of this study proves that PEMFs is a non –invasive remedy, lacking in adverse effect , easy to employ and useful for controlling pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis.
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Tribuiani, Anna Maria <1977>. "Campi elettromagnetici pulsanti nella terapia dell'artrosi del cane." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4002/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFS) on pain relief and functional capacity of dogs with osteoarthritis by which a single centre study prospective clinical trial. PEMFs are non ionized, athermic and time varying electromagnetic fields that has been successfully used for the treatment of osteoarthritis in human thanks to their chondroprotective, antinflammatory and analgesic property. 20 dogs were treated with PEMFs , 3 times per week for a total of 20 sessions.We found beneficial effects on pain relief and lameness in the absence of adverse effect. The decrease of pain impacted positively on the health-dogs related quality of life and the grade of satisfaction of their owner was very high. The benefits were obvious at half therapy and lasted for a medium long time. This is the first published report concerning PEMFs treatment on canine osteoarthtitis. The result of this study proves that PEMFs is a non –invasive remedy, lacking in adverse effect , easy to employ and useful for controlling pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis.
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Beghelli, Valentina <1982>. "Studio di alcuni tratti del temperamento nel cane." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6239/1/beghelli_valentina_tesi.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Il temperamento può essere definito come l’attitudine che un cane esprime verso le persone e verso altri animali, la combinazione di tratti fisici e mentali, acquisiti e non, che determinano il comportamento del cane. Tale parametro delinea perciò il carattere di un individuo, inclinazioni e tendenze, eccitabilità, tristezza, rabbia e il modo caratteristico di comportarsi di un individuo, con particolare riferimento alle interazioni sociali.
La presente tesi di Dottorato rappresenta uno studio su alcuni tratti del temperamento nel cane domestico elaborato in 3 progetti sperimentali. Nei primi due progetti sono state analizzate le differenze attitudinali tra alcune razze canine attraverso l’applicazione di un test di temperamento in cuccioli di 60 giorni e in cani adulti, per valutare e confrontarne il temperamento, la socialità ed identificare profili tipici di razza.
Nel terzo progetto un campione di cani morsicatori di canile e di proprietà è stato confrontato con due rispettivi gruppi di controllo.
Analizzando i risultati è stato possibile mettere in evidenza caratteristiche di razza omogenee nell’interazione con stimoli inanimati, nelle interazioni sociali e in relazione alla possessività e sono stati delineati profili di razza sia nei cuccioli sia negli adulti.
Si sono tuttavia, osservate variabilità individuali, intra-razza e intra-cucciolata, a testimonianza dell’influenza complessa e multifattoriale delle componenti genetica e ambientale sul comportamento dei cani.
Il confronto tra cani morsicatori di canile e di proprietà ha messo in luce interessanti differenze tra i soggetti in termini di reattività, socievolezza, propensione all’interazione con il proprietario o con un estraneo, comportamenti di evitamento e velocità di reazione agli stimoli presentati. Il test applicato è risultato un valido strumento per valutare il temperamento di cani dichiarati aggressivi che sono stati sottoposti a situazioni nuove e a stimoli sconosciuti per poter ottenere una migliore visione d’insieme del temperamento del soggetto.Temperament has been defined as the attitude expressed by the dog toward people or other animals, the combination of physical and mental traits, acquired or not, which determine the behavior of the dog and therefore delineates the character of an individual, his inclinations, trends and the characteristic way of behaving, with particular reference to social interactions. This work represents a study of temperamental traits in the Domestic Dog, developed in 3 experimental projects. In the first two projects the attitudinal differences between some dog breeds are analyzed, through the application of a temperament test in puppies 60 days old and adult, in order to evaluate and compare their temperament and sociability and to identify specific breed profiles. In the third project, a sample of biters dogs coming from different kennel of and pet biters dogs were tested and compared with two respective control groups. Analyzing the results, it was possible to highlight consistent breed characteristics in the interaction with inanimate stimuli, in social interactions and in relation to possessivness and a first breed profile has been outlined for both puppies and adults. However, individual variabilities were observed, relative to breed and litter, reflecting the complex and multifactorial influence of genetic and environmental components on the behavior of the dog. Furthermore, the study allowed us to evaluate dogs biters and compare them with the control groups, on the base of temperament traits. The comparison between biters coming from kennels and pet ones underlined differences in terms of reactivity, sociability, attitude to interact with the owner or with a stranger, in avoiding trends and velocity of reaction to the stimuli presented . The temperament test can be considered a valid tool to assess the temperament of aggressive dogs, in order to get a better overview of the temperament of the subjects.
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Beghelli, Valentina <1982>. "Studio di alcuni tratti del temperamento nel cane." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6239/.
Full textAbstract:
Il temperamento può essere definito come l’attitudine che un cane esprime verso le persone e verso altri animali, la combinazione di tratti fisici e mentali, acquisiti e non, che determinano il comportamento del cane. Tale parametro delinea perciò il carattere di un individuo, inclinazioni e tendenze, eccitabilità, tristezza, rabbia e il modo caratteristico di comportarsi di un individuo, con particolare riferimento alle interazioni sociali.
La presente tesi di Dottorato rappresenta uno studio su alcuni tratti del temperamento nel cane domestico elaborato in 3 progetti sperimentali. Nei primi due progetti sono state analizzate le differenze attitudinali tra alcune razze canine attraverso l’applicazione di un test di temperamento in cuccioli di 60 giorni e in cani adulti, per valutare e confrontarne il temperamento, la socialità ed identificare profili tipici di razza.
Nel terzo progetto un campione di cani morsicatori di canile e di proprietà è stato confrontato con due rispettivi gruppi di controllo.
Analizzando i risultati è stato possibile mettere in evidenza caratteristiche di razza omogenee nell’interazione con stimoli inanimati, nelle interazioni sociali e in relazione alla possessività e sono stati delineati profili di razza sia nei cuccioli sia negli adulti.
Si sono tuttavia, osservate variabilità individuali, intra-razza e intra-cucciolata, a testimonianza dell’influenza complessa e multifattoriale delle componenti genetica e ambientale sul comportamento dei cani.
Il confronto tra cani morsicatori di canile e di proprietà ha messo in luce interessanti differenze tra i soggetti in termini di reattività, socievolezza, propensione all’interazione con il proprietario o con un estraneo, comportamenti di evitamento e velocità di reazione agli stimoli presentati. Il test applicato è risultato un valido strumento per valutare il temperamento di cani dichiarati aggressivi che sono stati sottoposti a situazioni nuove e a stimoli sconosciuti per poter ottenere una migliore visione d’insieme del temperamento del soggetto.Temperament has been defined as the attitude expressed by the dog toward people or other animals, the combination of physical and mental traits, acquired or not, which determine the behavior of the dog and therefore delineates the character of an individual, his inclinations, trends and the characteristic way of behaving, with particular reference to social interactions. This work represents a study of temperamental traits in the Domestic Dog, developed in 3 experimental projects. In the first two projects the attitudinal differences between some dog breeds are analyzed, through the application of a temperament test in puppies 60 days old and adult, in order to evaluate and compare their temperament and sociability and to identify specific breed profiles. In the third project, a sample of biters dogs coming from different kennel of and pet biters dogs were tested and compared with two respective control groups. Analyzing the results, it was possible to highlight consistent breed characteristics in the interaction with inanimate stimuli, in social interactions and in relation to possessivness and a first breed profile has been outlined for both puppies and adults. However, individual variabilities were observed, relative to breed and litter, reflecting the complex and multifactorial influence of genetic and environmental components on the behavior of the dog. Furthermore, the study allowed us to evaluate dogs biters and compare them with the control groups, on the base of temperament traits. The comparison between biters coming from kennels and pet ones underlined differences in terms of reactivity, sociability, attitude to interact with the owner or with a stranger, in avoiding trends and velocity of reaction to the stimuli presented . The temperament test can be considered a valid tool to assess the temperament of aggressive dogs, in order to get a better overview of the temperament of the subjects.
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Lanzotti, Carla Regina. "Uma analise emergetica de tendencias do setor sucroalcooleiro." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263949.
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Orientador: Enrique Ortega RodriguezDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Com a primeira crise do petróleo, em 1973, houve necessidade de buscar fontes alternativas de energia que pudessem substituir os derivados de petróleo. Assim, o Programa Nacional do Álcool ¿ ProÁlcool foi instituído com a emissão do Decreto nº 76.593, de 14 de novembro de 1975, baseando-se, inicialmente, na produção de álcool anídro para misturá-lo à gasolina. Com a nova crise do petróleo, em 1979, além da mistura à gasolina, iniciou-se a fabricação de automóveis movidos a álcool. Isto intensificou a agroindústria canavieira, responsável por impactos ambientais como a destruição de áreas com mata nativa, perda da diversidade da produção rural e lançamento de vinhaça nos rios. Ainda hoje, tais impactos geram problemas ambientais e sociais como: erosão e poluição dos solos, poluição dos recursos hídricos por agrotóxicos, emissão de poluentes na atmosfera pela queima dos canaviais, destruição da biodiversidade e aumento do êxodo rural. Como contrapartida positiva, a adoção do álcool combustível melhorou a qualidade do ar nas cidades brasileiras, substituindo substâncias tóxicas nos combustíveis de veículos automotores. Assim, a relação custo/benefício merece um estudo aprimorado, uma vez que esta indústria é afetada pelas novas possibilidades tecnológicas. Este trabalho analisa possibilidades alternativas da produção da cana-de-açúcar e fabricação de açúcar e álcool, agrupadas como tendências que podem melhorar a produção e diminuir os impactos ambientais da atividade canavieira. Entre elas destacam-se aquelas relacionadas às disposições legais, às inovações tecnológicas e às forças de mercado. A análise da produção da cana, do açúcar e do álcool baseou-se em dados coletados em usinas do estado de São Paulo e, a partir destes dados, foi verificado como a aplicação destas tendências afetaria a agroindústria. A ferramenta escolhida para realizar esta análise foi à metodologia emergética, que permite avaliar os impactos ambientais do sistema de produção, verificando os índices relacionados ao uso de recursos renováveis e não renováveis, os serviços ambientais locais, os serviços econômicos e a rentabilidade econômica do sistema. Baseando-se na metodologia, as vantagens e desvantagens de cada tendência foram identificadas de acordo com o aproveitamento dos recursos naturais renováveis e não-renováveis, materiais e serviços. Das tendências analisadas, a que obteve melhores índices foi a agricultura orgânica. Como previsto, esta técnica aproveita melhor os recursos naturais, agredindo menos o solo e o meio ambiente. Outra vantagem verificada foi à necessidade intensiva de mão-de-obra rural. Esta técnica oferece benefícios ambientais, por ser menos poluidora, e benefícios sociais, pois mantém o emprego dos trabalhadores rurais. Por outro lado, a que se mostrou menos sustentável foi à mecanização da colheita, devido à necessidade de maiores investimentos em equipamentos, tecnologia e combustíveis. É importante ressaltar que cada tendência foi estudada isoladamente, sendo importante realizar simulações com duas ou mais tendências. Com a incorporação de mais tendências na mesma atividade os impactos ambientais e sociais tendem a diminuir, melhorando a produtividade da agroindústria canavieira
Abstract: With the first crisis of the oil, in 1973, it had necessity to search alternative energy sources that could substitute the oil derivatives. Thus, the Alcohol National Program ¿ ProÁlcool ¿ was instituted with the emission of the Decree n° 76,593, of November 14, 1975, being based, initially, in the anhydrous alcohol production to be mixed to gasoline. With the new crisis of the oil, in 1979, beyond the mixture to the gasoline, it was initiated the manufacture of automobiles moved by alcohol. This intensified the sugar cane agricultural industry, responsible for environmental impacts such as the destruction of areas with native forest, loss of the agricultural production diversity and launching of vinasse in the rivers. Still today, these impacts generate environmental and social problems such as: ground erosion and pollution, pollution of the hydro resources with pesticides, pollutants emission in the atmosphere with the cane-plantation burning, biodiversity destruction and increase of the agricultural exodus. As positive counterpart, the adoption of the combustible alcohol improved the quality of air in the Brazilian cities, substituting toxic substances in automachine vehicles fuels. Thus, the cost/benefit relation deserves an improved study, because this industry is affected by the new technological possibilities. This work analyzes alternative possibilities of the sugar cane production and sugar and alcohol manufacture, grouped as trends that can improve the production and diminish the environmental impacts of the sugar cane industry activity. Among them those related to the legal disposals, to the technological innovations and to the market forces are distinguished. The analysis of the sugar cane, sugar and alcohol production was based on data collected in industries in the state of São Paulo and, from these data, it was verified how the application of these trends would affect the agricultural industry. The chosen tool to carry through this analysis was the emergy methodology, that allows the evaluation of the environmental impacts of the system production, verifying the index related to the utilization of renewable and non-renewable resources, the local environmental services, the economic services and the economic yield of the system. Being based on the methodology, the advantages and disadvantages of each trend had been identified in accordance with the exploitation of the renewable and non-renewable natural resources, materials and services. In the analyzed trends, the one that got better index was the organic agriculture. As foreseen, this technique takes advantage of the natural resources better, attacking little the ground and the environment. Another verified advantage was the intensive necessity of agricultural manpower. This technique offers environmental benefits, for being less polluting, and social benefits, because it keeps the job of the agricultural workers. On the other hand, the one that showed less sustainability was the harvest mechanization, due to necessity of bigger investments in equipment, technology and fuels. It is important to stand out that each trend was studied separately, being important to carry through simulation with two or more trends. With the incorporation of more trends in the same activity the environmental and social impacts tend to diminish, improving the productivity of the sugar cane industry
Mestrado
Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Goble, Michael Dane. "Allometry, Morphometry and Soil Characterization of Giant Cane [Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.] Stands in Southern Illinois." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1103.
Full textAbstract:
The effectiveness of giant cane [Arundinaria gigantea(Walt.) Muhl.] as riparian buffer vegetation has been demonstrated through research and has gained interest from state and federal agencies to support restoration efforts. Unfortunately, little is known about the physical and chemical properties of the soils below canebrakes and how soil characteristics influence aboveground and belowground biomass production. To determine what physical attributes of the plant influence its success as riparian buffer vegetation and also to determine the interactions with underlying soils, fourteen canebrakes were sampled throughout Southern Illinois. Objective one was to develop an allometric equation to quantify belowground biomass based on aboveground parameters of canebrakes. Previous research found that successful propagation was dependent on rhizome length, the number of internodes and the number of rhizome buds present, but no data exists regarding the yield of rhizomes for a given area. By harvesting all aboveground biomass (culms and leaves) and belowground biomass (roots and rhizomes) to a depth of 25 cm from a 1-m2 plot at each site, morphometric characteristics were quantified and biomass allocation throughout the plant was determined. A significant linear relationship between total aboveground biomass (live and dead) and belowground biomass in giant cane was evident (R=0.865, p<0.001). Although this is a strong relationship, it may be impractical for a manager to harvest, process, and weigh all of the aboveground biomass to speculate the biomass below ground. Therefore, metrics were explored for predicting the length of rhizome, number of rhizome internodes and number of rhizome buds an area will yield using multiple regression and models were developed that estimate these parameters. Using the equation that predicts the number of rhizome buds for a given area, the yield of propagules can then be estimated. Although this equation does not account for all variation of belowground characteristics, it will provide a general guideline for land managers restoring giant cane. The second objective was to estimate biomass allocation of giant cane roots/rhizomes beneath canebrakes by depth (i.e., at 25-cm increments to a depth of 150 cm). Results showed that 67% of giant cane's belowground biomass was within the top 25 cm of the soil profile and accounted for 65% of all belowground biomass encountered at that depth. Giant cane rhizomes were documented to a depth of 51-75 cm deep while cane roots existed in the deepest cores at a depth of 126-150 cm with an average density of 0.08 kg m-3. Giant cane belowground biomass declined with increasing depth, but was still the dominant species at 26-50 cm, comprising 61% of all biomass encountered at that depth. These results support the utility of giant cane as an effective riparian buffer species by increasing the soil porosity and promoting infiltration while contributing a significant source of carbon to the soil profile. Chemical and physical soil properties were measured to determine if they related to canebrake characteristics. Significant correlations were found between various soil properties and canebrake characteristics, implying there is an interaction between giant cane and the underlying soil. Results from this research will improve our understanding of the dynamics of giant cane and supplement existing information to help guide restoration efforts.
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Machado, Eduarda Faria Abrahão. "Suplementação com caldo de cana de açucar comparado com outros carboidratos na reposição do glicogenio e cinetica de biomarcadores pos-exercicio agudo em ratos." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/274776.
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Orientador: Denise Vaz de MacedoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica
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Resumo: O exercício físico pode induzir traumas na musculatura, sinalizando uma resposta inflamatória. O reparo e regeneração das estruturas danificadas dependem do período adequado de descanso para recuperação. Esse período regenerativo é necessário após uma única sessão ou diversas sessões de exercícios. A restauração do glicogênio muscular pós-treino tem sido proposto como um dos fatores mais importantes para a recuperação pós-esforço. Normalmente, no esporte, são utilizados monossacarídeos ou amidos em diluições apropriadas para repor o glicogênio pós-treino. O caldo-de-cana é uma bebida comum no Brasil. Possui 65%-75% de água em sua composição média e alta concentração de sacarose, correspondente a 70%-91% de seus sólidos solúveis, além de antioxidantes, vitaminas, minerais e aminoácidos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar o efeito do caldo-de-cana comparado a soluções carboidratadas ministradas imediatamente após um protocolo de exercício exaustivo na reposição de glicogênio; e na cinética de biomarcadores. No entanto, durante a revisão literária encontramos a utilização de diversos tipos anestésicos como principal variação metodológica nos estudos que quantificavam a concentração de glicogênio em animais. Foi necessário, portanto, definir qual anestésico utilizar permitindo interpretação de dados teciduais com análises concomitantes em sangue. Os agentes anestésicos podem afetar estrutura, função de órgãos e sistemas biológicos diferentemente, importando saber se o anestésico a ser utilizado poderia causar hemólise e/ou glicogenólise tecidual, interferentes na interpretação dos resultados. O capítulo 1 apresenta dados da comparação de 3 anestésicos injetáveis em relação ao grau de hemólise e concentrações de glicogênio. Os animais foram divididos em 3 grupos cada qual com um anestésico: Hidrato de Cloral (CH), Ketamina + Xilazina (KX), Zoletil 50® (zolazepam e tiletamina) + Xilazina (ZTX). Os grupos CH e KX exibiram hemólise em graus variados. Já o soro do grupo ZTX não apresentou hemólise. Não houve diferenças significativas nas concentrações de glicogênio entre os grupos CH e ZTX. Já o KX apresentou glicogenólise acentuada em todos tecidos. Os dados apresentados no capítulo 1 mostraram que o anestésico ZTX era o mais apropriado. O Capítulo 2 apresenta dados do efeito do caldo-de-cana comparativamente a soluções carboidratadas ministradas pós-exercício exaustivo, na reposição de glicogênio muscular e hepático, e na cinética de marcadores de proteólise, lesão muscular e inflamação durante 48h de recuperação. Esse estudo foi dividido em 2 experimentos. Os resultados do experimento 1 mostraram que a suplementação com caldo de cana foi tão eficiente quanto à maltodextrina para restaurar o glicogênio muscular. Nenhum dos suplementos foi capaz de repor significativamente o glicogênio hepático. Nos parâmetros bioquímicos e contagem do número de leucócitos totais, analisados no experimento 2, os dados mostraram instalação de quadro inflamatório e dano muscular pós-exercício perdurando pelas 48h de descanso. As amostras dos grupos suplementados com caldo-de-cana e maltodextrina não alteraram o padrão de resposta nas 48h pós-exaustão. Uma provável explicação seria a suplementação aguda, e após uma sessão de exercício, não ter sido suficiente para desencadear alterações nas análises. As potencialidades dos constituintes do caldo-de-cana e a escassez de estudos científicos com objetivo de utilizá-lo como recurso ergogênico no esporte reforçam a continuidade dessas investigações.
Abstract: Physical exercise induces traumas to biological structures which signal inflammatory process activation. The repair and regeneration of the damaged structures depend on an appropriate rest period for the recovery. This regenerative period is necessary after a single session or after several sessions of exercises. The muscle glycogen repletion after physical exercise seems to influence the recovery time. Usually in practices the carbohydrate rich compounds like maltodextrine, fructose or dextrin are normally used to maximize the rate of glycogen storage in the early hour's post-exercise. Sugar cane juice is an appreciate product and easily to find in Brazil. It possesses 65%-75% of water and a high sucrose concentration that corresponds 70%-91% of their soluble solids, phenolics compounds, vitamins, minerals and amino acids. The goal of this master's degree dissertation was to analyze the effect of sugar cane juice comparatively to other carbohydrates solutions supplied immediately after a bout of exhausting exercise in rats in the replacement of the glycogen stores; and in the kinetics of some biomarkers in 48h post-effort. However, the literature revision found the use of several anesthetics as the main methodological variation in the studies that quantified glycogen concentration in animals. It was necessary, therefore, initially to define the anesthetic that could allow the association of the data obtained in tissues with concomitant analyses in blood. It was important to know if the anesthetic used for samples collection could cause haemolysis and/or glycogenolysis in the animals. The studies accomplished during the master's degree are contained in two chapters. In chapter 1 we presented the comparison data of three injectable anesthetics used in experiments with animals, concerning the degree of haemolysis and glycogenolysis after anesthesia. The animals were divided into three groups: Cloral Hydrate (CH), Ketamine + Xylazine (KX), Zoletil 50® (zolazepam and tiletamine) + Xylazine (ZTX). The CH and KX presented serum haemolysis. Only ZTX presents no detectable values. The average value of the hepatic and muscular glycogen concentrations exhibited no significant difference between CH and ZTX. However, the KX presented accentuated glycogenolysis in all tissues. Our data suggest that the anesthetic ZTX seems to be the most appropriate for studies that need simultaneously to quantify the concentration of glycogen and blood markers without interferences. Chapter 2 presented the data of the effect of sugar cane juice comparatively to other carbohydrates solutions supplied after the exhaustion in rats, in the replacement of muscular and hepatic glycogen stores, and in the kinetics of some markers of proteolyses, muscular lesion and inflammation in 48hs of recovery. For that, we divided this study in two experiments. The results presented in the experiment 1 showed that the supplementation with sugar cane was as efficient as maltodextrine to restore the gastrocnemium red and white portions glycogen after 1 h of the exhaustion. The fructose exhibited less pronounced effect. None of the supplements were able to restore the hepatic glycogen significantly. The biochemical parameters and WBC number data analyzed in experiment 2 showed an persistent inflammatory picture associated to muscular damage even after 48h of rest. The supplemented groups with sugar cane and maltodextrine didn't alter the 48h post-exercise response pattern. Their representatives' potentialities reinforce the continuity of the investigations.
Mestrado
Biodinamica do Movimento Humano
Mestre em Educação Física
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Carvalho, Anna Cristina Barbosa Dias de. "Uma análise da cogeração de energia elétrica usando bagaço de cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-22102015-113319/.
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O Brasil alavanca novamente sua economia, o desenvolvimento tão esperado durante as décadas de 80 e 90 é realidade. Esse crescimento exige novas tecnologias, novas pesquisas e uma infra-estrutura que suporte este crescimento.A energia elétrica faz parte dessa infra-estrutura, porem o país não esta preparado para esse desenvolvimento. Surge a possibilidade de cogeração de energia elétrica utilizando o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. As usinas de açúcar e álcool já possuem essa prática com um volume de geração pequeno, com algum investimento esse volume de geração poderá ser aumentado, acrescentando cerca de 10% a matriz energética nacional. O objetivo do trabalho é apresentar uma análise da utilização de um subproduto da cana, o bagaço, como cogerador de energia elétrica. O presente trabalho apresenta a situação energética do país, algumas experiências já implantadas em alguns países no mundo e algumas opções para melhoria dos equipamentos utilizados nas usinas de açúcar e álcool. São mostradas as fontes alternativas de geração de energia elétrica estudadas no país, bem como a forma como a Eletrobrás planeja o programa energético nacional. O trabalho analisa mais detalhadamente a utilização do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, que já é utilizado nas usinas do Estado de São Paulo para gerarem energia elétrica. São discutidos os possíveis sistemas viáveis e os problemas para a implantação deste nas usinas de açúcar e álcool.Brazil impels its economy again. A development expected in \'80 and \'90 years it\'s real. This growth demands new technologies, new researches and bases that bear that growth. Electric power is in these bases, but Brazil is not ready for that. Electric power cogeneration possibility appears, using sugar cane bagasse. Alcohol and sugar plants have already that practice working with a low generation volume, with some investment this volume can be increased, adding about 10% to national energetic matrix. The aim of this work is present a short time alternative for national electric matrix. This work shows country electric situations, some experiences already implanted in some countries around the world and some options to equipment improvement used in alcohol and sugar plants. It\'s shown alternatives fonts of electric power generation studied on Brazil, as well how Eletrobrás projects its National Energetic Program. It analyses detailed bagasse cane sugar use, which is working on São Paulo plants to generate electric power. It\'s discussed possibles systems and troubles on its implantation on sugar and alcohol plants.
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Raposo, Júnior Jorge Luiz [UNESP]. "A espectrometria de absorção atômica com diagnóstico nutricional foliar de cana-de-açúcar e na avaliação de fertilizantes foliares." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105724.
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raposojunior_jl_dr_araiq.pdf: 6346951 bytes, checksum: 2a6134d61540835a78b50ad54ba2356f (MD5)A influência da composição de diferentes fertilizantes foliares, designados por tertemunha (T1), fosfito(T2), micronutrientes(T3), fosfito+micronutrientes (T4), bioestimulantes(T5), fosfito+bioestimulante (T6), micronutrientes+bioestimulantne(T7), fosfito+micronutrientes+bioestimulante(T8), foi avaliada na nutrição e produtividade da cana-de açúcar da sfra de 2007/2008. Foram desenvolvidas novas metodologias analítica para determinações multielementares de Cu, Fe, MN e Zn em extrato de solo e Cu, Fe, Mn, Sn, Ca, K e Mg em folhas de cana-de-açúcar por espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama como rfo9nte contínua e de alta resolulção (HR-CS FAAs). A produtividade da caqna-de açucar foi avaliada por meio da análise do grau Brix, açucares totais recuperáveis (ATR), teor de sacarose, massa de colmos, e massa de colmos x ATR. As determinações de micronutrientes em solo foram feitas empregando as linhas atômicas principais de Cu (324,754nm), MN(279,482nm), Zn (213,857nm) e a secundária (252,744nm)e adjacente (248,325nm) do Fe. Exatidão e precisão foram avaliados pela análise de dois materiais de referência do Instituto Agronômico de Campipnas (IAC) e os...
The influence of the composition of differents foliar fertilizers referred by testify (T1), phosphite (T2), micronutrients (T3), phosphite + micronutrients (T4), biostimulant (T5), phosphite +biostimulant (T6), micronutrients+biostimulant (T7), phosphite +biostimulant +micronutrients (T8) was evaluated on nutrition and yield of 2007/2008 sugarcane crop. New analytical methodologies were developed for multielement determinations of Cu, Fe, Mn and Sn in soil extract and Cu, Fe, Mn, Sn, Ca, K and Mg in sugarcane leaves by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FAAs). The sdugarcane yield was evelluated by anaysis of Brix degree, total recoverabel sugars (TRS), sucros content and total stalk weight (TSW). The determination of micronutrients in soil were carried out using the main lines for Cu (324,754nm), MN(279,482nm), Zn (213,857nm) and the secondary (252,744nm) and adjacent (248,325nm) for Fe. Accuracy and precision were evalueted by analysis of two reference materials of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC) and the results were in agreement at a 95% confidence level. The... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Wiebeck, Hélio. "Adsorvente a partir de fuligem de bagaço de cana-de-açucar: obtenção e avaliação de desempenho." Universidade de São Paulo, 1993. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-31082017-144006/.
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O trabalho apresenta a fuligem proveniente de queima de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar como um adsorvente e como matéria-prima alternativa na produção de adsorvente descorante. Atualmente, todas as industrias açucareiras, várias refinarias de açúcar e algumas industrias utilizam o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar como combustível de caldeira. Originando, nessa queima, uma quantidade razoável de um resíduo sólido, que e a fuligem. Foi obtido em escala de laboratório, uma fuligem suportada em uma matriz inorgânica de diatomito, bentônica e acido fosfórico. O sólido obtido foi ativado termicamente. Adsorventes foram caracterizados por: rendimento, ph, massa especifica, composição química elementar, porosidade e teor de umidade, cinzas, solúveis, insolúveis, voláteis. Foi também realizada uma avaliação de desempenho do adsorvente, por batelada (dispersão) e por processo continuo (coluna). Os resultados mostram que e viável a obtenção de um adsorvente de fuligem. Sendo o mesmo, similar ao carvão de ossos, em trabalhos de descoloramento de caldas de açúcar. A fuligem também apresenta um excelente poder de adsorção para fenol.The work presents the fly ash from sugar cane bagasse burning as na adsorbent and alternative material to the production of colour-materials adsorbent. Nowadays, all the sugar industries, many sugar refineries and some other industries use the sugar cane bagasse as a boiler fuel. From this burning an available amount of solid waste, called fly ash as produced. We obtained in laboratory scale, fly-ash supported in a diatomite, bentonite and phosphoric acid inorganic matrix. The solid obtained, was thermal activated. Adsorbents were characterized by: yield; pH; specific weight density; chemical elementar composition; porosity; humidity; ash; solubles; insoluble and volatiles content. It was also carried out on adsorbent performance evaluation by batch (dispersion) and continuous (column) processes. The results showed that it is possible to obtain a fly-ash adsorbent which works as similar as bone-chair, in discolouring sugar liquors. Fly-ash is also an excellent adsorbent for phenol.
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Raposo, Júnior Jorge Luiz. "A espectrometria de absorção atômica com diagnóstico nutricional foliar de cana-de-açúcar e na avaliação de fertilizantes foliares /." Araraquara, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105724.
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Orientador: José Anchieta Gomes NetoBanca: Massao Ionashiro
Banca: Fernando Gustavo Tonin
Banca: Marcia Andréia Mesquita Silva da Veiga
Banca: Ana Rita de Araújo Nogueira
Resumo: A influência da composição de diferentes fertilizantes foliares, designados por tertemunha (T1), fosfito(T2), micronutrientes(T3), fosfito+micronutrientes (T4), bioestimulantes(T5), fosfito+bioestimulante (T6), micronutrientes+bioestimulantne(T7), fosfito+micronutrientes+bioestimulante(T8), foi avaliada na nutrição e produtividade da cana-de açúcar da sfra de 2007/2008. Foram desenvolvidas novas metodologias analítica para determinações multielementares de Cu, Fe, MN e Zn em extrato de solo e Cu, Fe, Mn, Sn, Ca, K e Mg em folhas de cana-de-açúcar por espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama como rfo9nte contínua e de alta resolulção (HR-CS FAAs). A produtividade da caqna-de açucar foi avaliada por meio da análise do grau Brix, açucares totais recuperáveis (ATR), teor de sacarose, massa de colmos, e massa de colmos x ATR. As determinações de micronutrientes em solo foram feitas empregando as linhas atômicas principais de Cu (324,754nm), MN(279,482nm), Zn (213,857nm) e a secundária (252,744nm)e adjacente (248,325nm) do Fe. Exatidão e precisão foram avaliados pela análise de dois materiais de referência do Instituto Agronômico de Campipnas (IAC) e os... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The influence of the composition of differents foliar fertilizers referred by testify (T1), phosphite (T2), micronutrients (T3), phosphite + micronutrients (T4), biostimulant (T5), phosphite +biostimulant (T6), micronutrients+biostimulant (T7), phosphite +biostimulant +micronutrients (T8) was evaluated on nutrition and yield of 2007/2008 sugarcane crop. New analytical methodologies were developed for multielement determinations of Cu, Fe, Mn and Sn in soil extract and Cu, Fe, Mn, Sn, Ca, K and Mg in sugarcane leaves by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FAAs). The sdugarcane yield was evelluated by anaysis of Brix degree, total recoverabel sugars (TRS), sucros content and total stalk weight (TSW). The determination of micronutrients in soil were carried out using the main lines for Cu (324,754nm), MN(279,482nm), Zn (213,857nm) and the secondary (252,744nm) and adjacent (248,325nm) for Fe. Accuracy and precision were evalueted by analysis of two reference materials of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC) and the results were in agreement at a 95% confidence level. The... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Cox, Graeme J. "A yield mapping system for sugar cane chopper harvesters." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2002. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00004617/.
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[Abstract]: Yield maps provide essential information for the spatial analysis and evaluation of crop production management at a within field level. Technology has been developed to conduct yield mapping in various crops including grain, potatoes and forage, but as yet no technology exists for yield mapping sugar cane. The chopper harvester is the most common form ofmechanical harvester for sugar cane. Therefore, the goal of this research is to develop a yield mapping system for the chopper type sugar cane harvester.After a review, it is proposed that a suitable accuracy goal for the sugar cane mass flow sensor would be ‘less than 5% cumulative measurement error, 95% of the time (2 standard deviations), measured over a 100m2 harvest area’.Existing mass flow sensors for other crops are reviewed.Based on this review four potential techniques are proposed to measure the mass flow rate of sugar cane. These were defined as the chopper power, elevator power and feed roller separation and weigh pad. These weretested simultaneously by placing various sensors on a single harvester and comparing the sensor outputs with the mass flow rate as measured by a weigh truck. In this trial, all techniques offered potential but none produced results close to the accuracy goal. A weighing technique, known as the ‘weigh pad’, offered the most potential for improvement and potential to accurately measure the mass flow rate with a single calibration under all conditions. The weigh pad technique suffered from very small load cell sensitivity to flow rate, drift in baseline readings and susceptibility to mechanical noise/acceleration dynamics.An opportunity arose to install a complete yield mapping system on a harvester within a commercial operation. This opportunity was accepted to assess the potential for applying yield maps to the agronomic management of sugar cane. Because the weigh pad sensor required further development at this stage, chopper and elevator power were used as a measure of mass flow rate. A full yield mapping system was developed. Yield mapping, directed soil sampling and variable rate gypsum application was conducted on a case study field. Economic analysis shows a clear economic benefit when compared with standardmanagement.Analysis is conducted on the weigh pad sensor examining its susceptibility to mechanical noise/acceleration dynamics. Theory is developed to mathematically model the effects of acceleration dynamics on the accuracy of weigh pad sensor. Laboratory bench testing supported the mathematical model. From the theoretical and experimental analysis a number of conclusions are drawn:· The weigh pad should be made as light as possible to minimise the error due todynamic conditions.· Electronic analogue filters should be used to reduce the noise due to externalacceleration.· The weigh pad should be as rigid as possible to maximise its natural frequency.A new weigh pad sensor was designed based on these conclusions. Field trials indicated the effects of external accelerations dynamics were significantly reduced. Baseline drift was then found as the next major factor limiting accuracy. The baseline drift was principally caused by the secondary extractor fan of the harvester inducing a negative pressure on the weighpad. A rubber curtain placed between the weigh pad and the secondary extractor fan reduced the negative force on the weigh pad due to the secondary extractor fan by 74% (from 17 N to 4.4 N). Therefore it is recommended the curtain be used to minimise the impact of the secondary extractor fan on the baseline drift of the weigh pad.A yield mapping system has been developed for the sugar cane chopper harvester incorporating the weigh pad sensor, a ground speed sensor, a DGPS receiver, a yielddisplay/monitor and data logger. Three identical systems have been constructed and installed on three harvesters for the 1998 cane harvest season. The results show sugar cane could be yield mapped using standard yield mapping principles.The level of accuracy being achieved by the yield mapping system is less than 16% error, with 95% confidence, over a measurement area of approximately 1400 m2. Although theaccuracy achieved is not to the desired research goal, yield maps were produced with satisfactory detail to make agronomic management decisions. The reliability of the sugar cane yield mapping system under field condition in a commercial operation was satisfactory. However, two techniques are proposed (“auto-zeroing” and “batch weighing” techniques) to improve the accuracy and reliability of the weigh pad readings during wet or adverseharvesting conditions.After note: At the time of writing the NCEA along with Case Austoft (CNH) were continuing to conduct research and development on the system and are intending to make theyield mapping system available as a standard item on new harvesters and a retrofit unit on existing harvesters in the near future (C. Barret, per. comm. 2001). The proposed “autozeroing” and “batch weighing” techniques are being tested.
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McCarthy, Stuart George. "The integration of sensory control for sugar cane harvesters." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2003. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001469/.
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The research concerns the design and implementation of mechatronic systems to assist in the operation and control of a sugar cane harvester. Two functions were chosen for attention, the primary separation system, and the ‘topper’ that discards the leafy crown. Although these operations are given low priority by the operator of the harvester, their optimisation is of particular significance to the industry. Optimum separation requires a fine balance between discarding ‘trash’ that would contaminate the quality of the cane billets and losing good sugar-bearing material through over cleaning. Poor control of the topper can create extra load for the separation system and cause it to operate at a low efficiency with high loss. Alternatively it can cause a length of sugar-bearing cane stalk to be lost before it even enters the harvester system at all. A variety of mechatronic techniques were explored, that addressed the problem of providing useful data directly from the harvester functions and the electronic instrumentation to allow the data to be collected in a useful form in real-time. Computer control issues were also investigated, to make best use of the data stream. Novel acoustic transducers were introduced to the sensory separation system to provide a signal that indicated material striking the fan blades. A rotary transformer was required to allow transmission of the signal, and a signal interface system was implemented to record the returned data. Many real-time time-series analyses were conducted, and from these a suitable algorithm to extract an impact signal was developed. This system was assessed under harvesting conditions with results that confirmed its ability to quantify the amount of cane lost from the harvest. An investigation was conducted to detect the optimum topping height on a sugar cane stalk. The techniques considered both the internal and external attributes of the stalk, and a method was selected to measure the sugar concentration with a chemical sensor. An important design parameter was that the sensor must operate on the harvester in real time. The novel refractometer worked well in laboratory conditions, yielding repeatable and accurate results. The field environment complicated the application of this system, however this was partly overcome with introduction of a custom sample-crushing mechanism. This device provided the necessary juice sample from a selection of the topped cane stalks. The complete sampling and measuring mechanism operated well on cane stalks, and returned encouraging results. Both sets of data returned useful information regarding the operation of the particular harvester operations. The control of either the separation system or the topper requires careful balancing, and novel control techniques that consider the ergonomics for the operator are discussed. These include visual indication devices through to automatic control algorithms. With the integration of mechatronic techniques into the functioning of the sugar cane harvester, the overall efficiency of many of its functions may be improved, and the operator’s task may be greatly simplified. The ultimate objective is to maximise the yield with an improved level of harvested and separated cane.
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Rodrigues, Osmar V. "Agrivehicle : Design for the Vehicle Transporting Sugar Cane Cutters." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503010.
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Batchelor, C. H. "Water use and growth of drip-irrigated sugar cane." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314805.
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Gernone, Floriana <1974>. "Prevalenza dell'ipotiroidismo nel cane affetto da spondilomielopatia cervicale caudale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1986/1/tesi_dottorato.pdf.
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Gernone, Floriana <1974>. "Prevalenza dell'ipotiroidismo nel cane affetto da spondilomielopatia cervicale caudale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1986/.
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Shehdula, Dardan <1978>. "Studio sull'Eziopatogenesi dei Tumori Corticosurrenalici Cortisolo Secernenti nel Cane." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2730/1/Shehdula_Dardan_Tesi.pdf.
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Shehdula, Dardan <1978>. "Studio sull'Eziopatogenesi dei Tumori Corticosurrenalici Cortisolo Secernenti nel Cane." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2730/.
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Gardini, Anna <1986>. "Caratteristiche anatomiche e neurochimiche della formazione ippocampale di cane." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6975/1/gardini_anna_tesi.pdf.
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Nei Roditori e nei Primati, studi di immunoistochimica condotti sulla formazione ippocampale hanno dimostrato che le proteine leganti il calcio (parvalbumina, calbindina-D28k e calretinina) sono dei marker che consentono di identificare differenti sottopopolazioni di neuroni. Nel presente studio è stata analizzata la distribuzione di queste proteine nella formazione ippocampale di cane. L’immunoreattività per la parvalbumina è stata localizzata in neuroni multipolari presenti nello strato polimorfo e nei campi CA3-CA1, così come in alcuni neuroni presumibilmente inibitori localizzati nel campo CA1 e nel subicolo. I granuli e le fibre muschiate presentavano una forte immunoreattività per la calbindina-D28k. Tale immunoreattività era evidente anche nei neuroni piramidali del campo CA1 e del subicolo ed in alcuni interneuroni, presumibilmente inibitori, distribuiti nella formazione ippocampale. L’immunoreatività per la calretinina era relativamente bassa in tutta la formazione ippocampale. Le analisi immunoistochimiche hanno evidenziato, nel giro dentato e nel campo CA1, una riduzione età-dipendente dell’immunoreattività per la parvalbumina e la calretinina. Le analisi condotte mediante risonanza magnetica hanno inoltre dimostrato una riduzione volumetrica età-dipendente della formazione ippocampale di cane.In Rodents and Primates, immunohistochemical studies of the hippocampal formation have demonstrated that the calcium-binding proteins (parvalbumin, calbindin-D28k, and calretinin) are useful markers to identify different subpopulation of neurons. In the present analysis, we analyzed the distribution of these proteins in the canine hippocampal formation. Parvalbumin immunoreactivity was observed in multipolar neurons in the polymorphic cell layer and throughout the CA3-CA1 fields and in a few presumably interneurons neurons in the CA1 field and subiculum. Calbindin-D28k immunoreactivity displayed a strong labeling of the granule cells and mossy fibers. In addition, this immunoreactivity was also observed pyramidal cells of the CA1 and subiculum as well as in presumably inhibitory interneurons distributed throughout the hippocampal formation. Calretinin immunoreactivity was relatively weaker overall. Immunohistochemistry showed an age-related decrease in calretinin and parvalbumin expression in dentate gyrus and CA1 field. Age-associated changes of magnetic resonance imaging of canine hippocampal formation have also been observed.
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Gardini, Anna <1986>. "Caratteristiche anatomiche e neurochimiche della formazione ippocampale di cane." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6975/.
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Nei Roditori e nei Primati, studi di immunoistochimica condotti sulla formazione ippocampale hanno dimostrato che le proteine leganti il calcio (parvalbumina, calbindina-D28k e calretinina) sono dei marker che consentono di identificare differenti sottopopolazioni di neuroni. Nel presente studio è stata analizzata la distribuzione di queste proteine nella formazione ippocampale di cane. L’immunoreattività per la parvalbumina è stata localizzata in neuroni multipolari presenti nello strato polimorfo e nei campi CA3-CA1, così come in alcuni neuroni presumibilmente inibitori localizzati nel campo CA1 e nel subicolo. I granuli e le fibre muschiate presentavano una forte immunoreattività per la calbindina-D28k. Tale immunoreattività era evidente anche nei neuroni piramidali del campo CA1 e del subicolo ed in alcuni interneuroni, presumibilmente inibitori, distribuiti nella formazione ippocampale. L’immunoreatività per la calretinina era relativamente bassa in tutta la formazione ippocampale. Le analisi immunoistochimiche hanno evidenziato, nel giro dentato e nel campo CA1, una riduzione età-dipendente dell’immunoreattività per la parvalbumina e la calretinina. Le analisi condotte mediante risonanza magnetica hanno inoltre dimostrato una riduzione volumetrica età-dipendente della formazione ippocampale di cane.In Rodents and Primates, immunohistochemical studies of the hippocampal formation have demonstrated that the calcium-binding proteins (parvalbumin, calbindin-D28k, and calretinin) are useful markers to identify different subpopulation of neurons. In the present analysis, we analyzed the distribution of these proteins in the canine hippocampal formation. Parvalbumin immunoreactivity was observed in multipolar neurons in the polymorphic cell layer and throughout the CA3-CA1 fields and in a few presumably interneurons neurons in the CA1 field and subiculum. Calbindin-D28k immunoreactivity displayed a strong labeling of the granule cells and mossy fibers. In addition, this immunoreactivity was also observed pyramidal cells of the CA1 and subiculum as well as in presumably inhibitory interneurons distributed throughout the hippocampal formation. Calretinin immunoreactivity was relatively weaker overall. Immunohistochemistry showed an age-related decrease in calretinin and parvalbumin expression in dentate gyrus and CA1 field. Age-associated changes of magnetic resonance imaging of canine hippocampal formation have also been observed.
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Del, Baldo Francesca <1989>. "Diabete mellito nel cane: terapia, monitoraggio e aspetti prognostici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9212/1/Del%20Baldo_Francesca_Tesi.pdf.
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Il diabete mellito (DM) è una delle malattie endocrine più comuni nel cane. Una volta raggiunta la diagnosi di DM, è necessario iniziare un trattamento insulinico nonché una dieta specifica, al fine di controllare i livelli di glucosio nel sangue e di conseguenza i segni clinici. Inoltre, al fine di ottenere un buon controllo glicemico, è essenziale garantire uno stretto monitoraggio terapeutico. Nella presente tesi sono riportati numerosi studi relativi a trattamento, monitoraggio e prognosi dei cani con DM.
Il capitolo 2 è una review che illustra i principali aspetti terapeutici e di monitoraggio del DM. Il capitolo 3 riporta uno studio che confronta l'efficacia e la sicurezza dell'insulina Lenta e dell'insulina Neutra Protamine Hagedorn (NPH).
I metodi di monitoraggio per cani con DM possono essere classificati in diretti od indiretti. I metodi di monitoraggio diretto includono misurazioni serali della glicemia o monitoraggio continuo del glucosio interstiziale tramite appositi dispositivi (Continuous Glucose Monitoring System, CGMS). Le modalità indirette comprendono la valutazione dell'assunzione di acqua e del peso corporeo, la quantificazione del glucosio/chetoni nelle urine e la misurazione delle concentrazioni di proteine glicate.
Il capitolo 4 mostra uno studio volto a valutare l'accuratezza e la precisione di un glucometro e un glucometro/chetometro nel cane.
Il Flash Glucose Monitoring system è un CGMS recentemente validato per l'uso nel cane; la sua utilità clinica nel monitoraggio del DM canino è esaminata nel capitolo 5.
Il capitolo 6 descrive uno studio in cui si validano 2 metodi analitici per la misurazione delle fruttosamine sieriche e dell'emoglobina glicata nel cane e confronta l’utilità delle due proteine glicate nel definire il controllo glicemico.
Infine, il capitolo 7 riporta uno studio finalizzato a determinare il tempo di sopravvivenza e ad identificare il valore prognostico di diverse variabili cliniche e clinico-patologiche nei cani con DM.Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in dogs. After diagnosis, it is necessary to start an insulin treatment and an appropriate dietetic management, in order to control blood glucose (BG) levels and consequently the clinical signs. Moreover, in order to achieve a good glycemic control, monitoring of diabetic dogs (DD) is essential. In the present thesis are illustrated several studies concerning treatment, monitoring and prognosis of dogs with DM. Chapter 2 is a review illustrating the main therapeutic aspects and monitoring methods of canine DM. Chapter 3 reports a study that compare the efficacy and safety of Lente insulin and Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin in DD. Monitoring methods for dogs with DM can be classified as direct or indirect. Direct monitoring methods include serial BG measurements (BG curve) or continuous BG monitoring via a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS). Indirect ways of monitoring include assessment of water intake and body weight, quantification of urine glucose/ ketones and measurements of glycosylated protein concentrations. Chapter 4 shows a study aimed at assessing the accuracy and precision of one glucometer (Gluco Calea, WellionVet) and one glucometer/ketometer (Belua, Wellion Vet) in the canine species. Flash glucose monitoring system is a CGMS recently validated for use in DD. The clinical usefulness of FGMS in monitoring DD is investigated in chapter 5. Chapter 6 investigates the performance of 2 assays for the measurement of serum fructosamine (SF) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in dogs and compares the use of SF and HbA1c to assess glycemic control in DD. Despite DM is one of the most common endocrine disorders in dogs, prognostic factors are still largely unknown. Chapter 7 reports a study to determine overall survival time and identify the prognostic value of several clinical and clinicopathological variables in newly diagnosed DD.
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ROVERE, NICOLETTA. "VALUTAZIONE NUTRIZIONALE DI DIETE E ADDITIVI NELL'ALIMENTAZIONE DEL CANE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2434/945270.
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In the last few years, there has been an increased interest in pets’ nutrition and feeding. In term of research both basic and applied nutrition has expanded the knowledge of canine nutrition, it is now known that a well-balanced diet must include not only macronutrients but also an appropriate amount of minerals, vitamins, certain essential amino acids (from proteins), and specific essential fatty acids (from fats). These components are needed to build and maintain tissue and carry out biological reactions, and the necessary amounts vary somewhat with the dog's stage of life (puppy, adult, pregnancy, senior), activities (sport, game, ect.), and physiological state (pregnancy and lactation). Above this in the recent past, there have been an increase in different types of diets present in the market that are characterized by different composition and target market segments (premium, dietetic, ect.). In light of this, in the present thesis three main topics have been addressed:
i) the nutritional characteristics and in vitro digestibility of different dogs’ diets available on the market (premium, super premium, with particular nutritional purposes, wet food and BARF);
ii) the effects of yeast supplementation in pregnant and lactating bitches and their effects in their respective puppies;
iii) the effects of yeast supplementation in adult dogs.
In particular, the thesis investigated the composition the in vitro digestibility of different dogs’ diets, and the effects of two yeasts, Saccharomices cerevisiae and S.cerevisiae var boulardii. In this latter case the studies investigated the effects of yeast on: growth performance (weight, body condition score and feed intake), fecal characteristics (fecal score, dry matter, total apparent digestibility and presence of pathogens), local immune response (IgA), e intestinal microbiota and fecal odor profile (by electronic nose). Thus, it can be suggested that different market names/classifications like premium, super premium, and BARF diets, do not always support big nutritional differences. All diets are in line with dogs ‘main recommendation. When yeast supplementation is consider the effects observed in the present studies seem to be related to an optimization of feed preparation/diet according to the ideal national profile, and for this reason not always so visible in term of recorded figures. A key aspect in defying the response however is also the exposure time that at least in one of the studies, was probably limited. For this reasons large-scale and long-term studies that can generate high-quality nutritional evidence on the relationships between diets and supplements are required.
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Lodi, M. "Studio ultracontrastografico del fegato nel cane e nel gatto." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/66695.
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L'ultracontrastografia, metodica ormai affermata nella medicina umana, negli ultimi anni è stata oggetto di studio anche in ambito veterinario. Scopo del nostro lavoro è stato la valutazione dei parametri perfusionali del fegato in soggetti appartenenti alla specie felina e le caratteristiche ultracontrastografiche di 27 lesioni focali epatiche in soggetti appartenenti alla specie canina.
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Riccardi, E. "Indagini morfologiche ed immunoistochimiche sulle neoplasie testicolari del cane." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/192770.
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A retrospective survey on a color of 232 dogs submitted to the Department of Veterinary Anatomic Pathology for necropsy revealed that testicular tumors in dogs are frequent and the seminoma is one of the most represented tumor in this species. In addition this finding suggested that, as reported in men, testicular tumor in dogs have increased during the last years.
Since Seminoma is one of the most common tumor in man, it was hypothesized that the dog might represent a good animal model for the study of human seminoma. In human, two type of seminoma are described: the spermatocytic seminoma, that derives from mature spermatocytes and demonstrates benign behaviour, and the classical seminoma, that arises from undifferentiated seminal germ cells (i.d. gonocytes), is more malignant and frequently metastasized. In order to study the frequency of these two type of seminoma in the dogs, 43 testicular tumor with a previous diagnosis of seminoma were evaluated histologically with haematoxylin and eosin and periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) stains and immunohistochemically with an antibody directed against Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP) antigen, a marker of gonocytes. This study demonstrated the presence of two type of seminoma, classical and spermatocytic, in canine species and demonstrated that canine seminomas share morphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical features with the human counterpart. In addition, the occurrence of Carcinoma in situ (CIS, Seminoma precursors lesions) was demonstrated also in the dog.
Carcinoma in situ (CIS ) has been considered as a part of a human male reproductive disorder defined Testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). TDS comprehend a wide spectrum of clinical and histopathological disorders. In addition, it has been suspected that environmental pollutants oestrogen-like or anti-androgenic activity may play a role in the pathogenesis of TDS. In order to evaluate the occurrence of TDS in dogs, all the testes submitted to the histopathology service from 2006 have been examined morphologically for the presence of histological features of TDS and immunohistochemically with anti-PLAP antibody for the presence of CIS.
Finally, stated the important role of oestrogen and its receptors in prostatic growth and differentiation and progression of prostatic carcinoma in human being, the expression of oestrogen receptors in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic canine prostates has been evaluated. A progressive loss of oestrogen receptors expression in hyperplastic and neoplastic canine prostate and may account for the high degree of de-differentiation of canine prostatic carcinoma.
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Yabe, Marcio. "Mais rápido, mais alto, mais forte a superexploração e a saúde dos “atletas olímpicos” dos canaviais alagoanos." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/3530.
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Faster, Higher, Stronger, translation of the Latin ―Citius, Altius, Fortius‖, motto of the modern Olympic Games, is used in this dissertation to make an analogy to the superexploitation of the sugar cane cutters of Alagoas (Brazil), as they increasingly need to perform faster, accumulate higher quantities of sugar cane and strike more strongly with their machetes, to guarantee the surplus value for the sugar factory owners of Alagoas.Our intention is to demonstrate how this professional category underwent an excessive exploitation, that could only result in damage to health and indelible marks in its corporeity, since the category was exposed throughout life to long working days, to the intensification of their work, and to the expropriation of the work necessary for their personal and familiar reproduction.This damage is proven through research carried out with workers between the ages of 41 and 67 years, who experienced working conditions before and after the deregulation of the sugar cane market in Brazil.Our theoretical basis rests on the Marxist theory of the exploitation of work, from which social scientists Ruy Mauro Marini and Raul Rojas Soriano derived the premises of super-exploitationandof Marxist medical sociology respectively.Mais Rápido, Mais Alto, Mais Forte, tradução do latim ―Citius, Altius, Fortius‖, lema dos Jogos Olímpicos da modernidade, é usado nesta dissertação para fazer uma analogia com a forma como acontece a superexploração dos cortadores de cana-de-açúcar dos canaviais alagoanos, que precisam de uma atuação cada vez mais rápida, acumular montes de cana cada vez mais altos e desferir golpes de facão cada vez mais fortes, para garantir a mais-valia dos usineiros de Alagoas. Nossa intenção é demonstrar o quanto que esta categoria profissional, que foi exposta ao longo da vida a extensas jornadas laborais, à intensificação do seu trabalho e à expropriação de parte do trabalho necessário para a sua reprodução pessoal e familiar, sofreu uma exploração desmedida, que só podia resultar em danos à sua saúde e marcas indeléveis na sua corporeidade. Danos estes que demonstramos através de pesquisa realizada com trabalhadores entre 41 e 67 anos de idade, que vivenciaram tanto o período anterior quanto o posterior à desregulamentação do mercado canavieiro brasileiro, em função da idade. Nossa fundamentação teórica se apoiou na teoria marxista da exploração do trabalho, sob o olhar de dois cientistas sociais que souberam extrair desta teoria as premissas da superexploração, Ruy Mauro Marini, e da sociologia médica marxista, Raul Rojas Soriano.
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Maeda, Fábio [UNESP]. "Influências do protocolo agroambiental do setor sucroalcooleiro na produção de açúcar, álcool e energia: estudo de caso em uma usina no interior do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90580.
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O homem sempre se utilizou do fogo para a limpeza de terrenos. Com os canaviais não foi diferente. Até bem pouco tempo atrás, a queimada para a limpeza das plantações de cana era comumente utilizada para facilitar a colheita, mecânica ou manual, e aumentar seu rendimento. Mas essa prática gera uma série de problemas. Um exemplo são os efeitos nocivos à saúde humana, tais como doenças pulmonares, cardiovasculares e alguns tipos de câncer. A queimada também prejudica o meio ambiente devido, por exemplo, à emissão de poluentes atmosféricos (monóxido de carbono, hidrocarbonetos e material particulado) e de CO2eq, à emissão de gases do efeito estufa e à diminuição da fertilidade e estrutura dos solos. Visando a solução desses problemas, foi criada a Lei 11.241/2002, regulamentada pelo Decreto-lei 47.700/2003, e a posterior assinatura do Protocolo Agro-ambiental, que reduziu os prazos para a eliminação das queimadas como prática de preparo para a colheita da cana-deaçúcar, o que resultou em um grande impulso ao processo de mecanização. Tal processo tornou disponível uma grande quantidade de bagaço e palhiço da cana-de-açúcar, material aproveitável como matéria-prima da cogeração de energia nas usinas, havendo, a partir do ano de 2006, a necessidade de as usinas instalarem novas caldeiras mais eficientes, gerando mais energia e aumentando a produção de açúcar e de álcool. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as influências da Lei 11.241/2002 e em particular do Protocolo Agroambiental, na produção de uma usina de açúcar, álcool e energia do Estado de São Paulo. A metodologia...
Man has always used fire for land cleaning. With the cane plantations it was not different. Until very recently, the fire for cleaning the cane plantations was commonly used to make easier the mechanical or manual harvest, and increase its income. But this practice generates a series of problems. An example would be the harmful effects to human health, such as lung diseases, heart disease and some kinds of cancer. The fire also damages the environment, for example, due to the emission of air pollutants (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and articulated material) and due to CO2eq, the emission of greenhouse gases and the decrease of the fertility and soil structure. Aiming the solution of these problems, the Law number 11.241/2002, regulated by Law-Decree number 47.700/2003 was created, and the subsequent signing of the agri-environment protocol, which reduced the time for the elimination of burning as practical preparation for the harvest of sugar cane, which turned out in a great impulse to the mechanization process. This process has made available a large amount of sugar cane bagasse and trash, which are useful material as feedstock in the cogeneration of energy in power-plant. This way, since the year 2006 it was necessary for the industries to install more efficient boilers, generating more energy and increasing the production of sugar and alcohol. The objective of this study was to analyze the influences of Law 11.241/2002 and to participate in the Agro-environmental Protocol, the production of sugar, alcohol and energy of the State of São Paulo. The methodology of this study was based on technical and administrative data of a sugar cane windmill plant of the State of São Paulo country, such as data requested for the Sustainable Development Department of the Secretary of State for the Environment... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Silva, Ana Paula Dias da [UNESP]. "Caracterização de metabólitos não voláteis da cana-de-açúcar." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97965.
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O Brasil é atualmente o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar. O seu cultivo ocupa cerca de 8 milhões de hectares e apresenta duas safras anuais, o que garante a produção de açúcar e etanol para os mercados interno e externo, sendo assim uma cultura de grande interesse econômico para o país. Baseando-se na necessidade de uma avaliação sistemática do metabolismo primário e secundário da cana-de-açúcar, visando à obtenção de um perfil metabólico detalhado de vários cultivares e a construção de um banco de dados metabólicos desta espécie, este projeto de mestrado teve como objetivo caracterizar os metabólitos não voláteis presentes em amostras de extratos de cana-de-açúcar, usando técnicas de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) e cromatografia gasosa (CG), acopladas a métodos espectrométricos de alto desempenho (DAD e EM), padrões comerciais e análises por RMN off line. As estratégias utilizadas consistiram na partição do extrato hidroalcoólico de folhas de cana-de-açúcar por extração líquido-líquido e posteriormente fracionamento por extração em fase sólida C18, obtendo-se frações de menor complexidade. As frações obtidas foram analisadas por RMN, CLAE-DAD-EM, CLAE-EM/EM e CG-EM. A análises por CLAE-DAD-EM e CLAE-IES-EM/EM possibilitaram a identificação de duas séries de isômeros de posição de ácidos clorogênicos (ácido 3-cafeoilquínico, ácido 4-cafeoilquínico e ácido 5- cafeoilquínico; ácido 3-feruloilquínico, ácido 4-feruloilquínico e ácido 5- feruloilquínico) e de cinco flavonóides glicosilados (orientina, vitexina, diosmetina-8-C-glicosídeo, tricina 4’-O-(eritro ou treo)-guaiacilgliceril éter-7-Oglucopiranosídeo e swertisina). Estas técnicas mostraram-se eficientes ferramentas na identificação de substâncias em misturas e os experimentos de...
Brazil is currently the largest producer of sugarcane. Its cultivation occupies about 8 million hectares and has two harvests per year, which ensures that Brazil produces sugar and ethanol to the domestic and foreign markets. Therefore, this is a crop of great economic interest for the country. Based on the need for a systematic evaluation of primary and secondary metabolism of sugarcane in order to obtain a comprehensive metabolic profile of sugarcane cultivars and building a metabolic database of this species, this project has as objective to characterize the non-volatile metabolites present in samples of extracts from cane sugar leaves, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) hifenated with spectroscopic methods (DAD and MS), trading standards and off-line analysis by NMR. The strategies used included the liquid-liquid partition of hydroalcoholic extract from leaves and subsequent fractionation by solid phase extraction on C18, to obtain fractions with lower complexity. The fractions were analyzed by NMR, HPLC-DAD-MS, GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS. The analysis by HPLC-DAD-MS and HPLC--MS/MS allowed the identification of two sets of position isomers of chlorogenic acid (3-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid and 5-caffeoylquinic acid; 3-feruloylquinic acid, 4-feruloylquinic acid and 5- feruloylquinic acid) and five flavonoid glycosides (orientin, vitexin, diosmetin-8- C-glucoside, tricin 4'-O-(erythro or threo guaiacylglyceryl) ether-7-Oglucopyranoside and swertisin). These techniques are an effective tool to identify substances in mixtures and the experiments of MS² and EPI (product ion spectrum) were very important to confirm these identifications. The GC-MS experiments resulted in the identification of metabolites present in the 61 fractions analyzed, and especially... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Carvalho, Juliana Mariano [UNESP]. "Tempo de decomposição de palha e contribuição na nutrição da cana-de- açúcar em função da aplicação de vinhaça e gesso." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98780.
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A área de produção de cana-de-açúcar submetida à colheita sem despalha a fogo vem aumentando consideravelmente no Brasil. No sistema de colheita crua, as folhas secas, os ponteiros e as folhas verdes são cortados e lançados sobre a superfície do solo, formando uma cobertura morta que pode modificar o ambiente em vários aspectos, tanto do solo como do ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o tempo de decomposição da palha e a contribuição desta na nutrição da cana-de-açúcar, as alterações na fertilidade do solo e na produtividade e qualidade tecnológica da cana soca (2o ciclo) em função da aplicação ou não de doses de vinhaça e gesso, em um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico de textura média. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Usina Vale do Paraná, Suzanapólis/SP, em um Latossolo vermelho Amarelo que foi caracterizado inicialmente quanto sua fertilidade nas profundidades de 0 - 0,20, 0,20 - 0,40 e 0,40 - 0,60 m. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, ou seja, com e sem a aplicação de gesso a lanço em cobertura (após a colheita da cana e sem incorporação na dose de 1000 kg ha-1) e três doses de vinhaça (sem aplicação, 100 e 200 m3 ha-1). A decomposição da palha foi avaliada pelo método do Litter Bag (0,16 m2), aos 30, 90, 180, 270 e 360 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. Com o objetivo de caracterizar o solo após a decomposição da palha da cana e aplicação dos tratamentos foram efetuados amostragens do solo para obtenção do levantamento da situação da sua fertilidade nas camadas de 0 - 0,20 e 0,20 - 0,40 m e 0,40 - 0,60 m aos 180 e 360 dias após a aplicação da vinhaça. No momento da colheita da cana-soca em outubro de 2010, foi colhida a área útil de cada parcela e avaliados...
The production area of sugarcane subjected to non-firing straw harvesting is growing up substantially in Brazil. In the sugarcane harvest system without residue burning, dried leaves, stem tips, and green leaves are cut and are thrown over the surface of the soil, creating a straw mulch layer. The objective of the study was to evaluate the duration of straw decomposition and the contribution of its to the sugarcane nutrition, the changes on soil fertility, culms productivity and the sugar cane ratoon (2nd cycle) technological quality due to the use/application of vinasse and gypsum. The work was developed at the Vale do Paraná Mill, Suzanápolis, State of São Paulo, in a Yellow Red Oxisol, which soil had the fertility and (in deep of 0-0.20, 0.20-0.40 and 0.40-0.60 m) initially evaluated. The experiment has used four replication in a randomized blocks design using a factorial scheme 2 x 3, in other words, with e without gypsum, without incorporation (1000 kg ha-1) and it has used 3 doses of vinasse (without application, 100 e 200 m3 ha-1). The straw decomposition was evaluated by Litter Bag method (0.16 m2) during 30, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days after the treatment application (DAAV). Aiming to characterize the soil after the straw decomposed and of agricultural treatment application mentioned above, it has been done the soil fertility analysis at the same layers initially analyzed 180 days to 360 (DAAV). In the moment of sugar cane ratoon has harvested, in october 2010, it was evaluated the useful area of each plot and it was evaluated the components of the production: the production components of the number of culms, from which ones it has been determined the yield of culms per hectare (TCH) and the technological quality of sugar cane. The gypsum application and the vinasse, at the dosage of 100 m3 ha-1, increased... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)