Journal articles: 'Candida albicans – diet therapy'

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Fesharaki, Shirinsadat Hashemi, Iman Haghani, Bita Mousavi, Melika Laal Kargar, Mohammadali Boroumand, Maryam Sotoudeh Anvari, Kyomars Abbasi, Jacques F. Meis, and Hamid Badali. "Endocarditis due to a co-infection of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in a drug abuser." Journal of Medical Microbiology 62, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 1763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.060954-0.

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In recent decades the incidence of Candida endocarditis has increased dramatically. Despite the application of surgery and antifungal therapy, Candida endocarditis remains a life-threatening infection with significant morbidity and mortality. We report a 37-year-old male drug abuser presenting with high fever, chest pain, loss of appetite and cardiac failure. His echocardiography revealed mobile large tricuspid valve vegetations. Fungal endocarditis was confirmed by culturing of the resected vegetation showing mixed growth of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis, although three consecutive blood cultures were negative for Candida species. Phenotypic identification was reconfirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS rDNA) region. The patient was initially treated with intravenous fluconazole (6 mg kg−1 per day), followed by 2 weeks of intravenous amphotericin B deoxycholate (1 mg kg−1 per day). Although MICs were low for both drugs, the patient’s antifungal therapy combined with valve replacement failed, and he died due to respiratory failure.

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Öncü, Bahaettin, Nurşen Belet, Ahmet Naci Emecen, and Asuman Birinci. "Health care-associated invasive Candida infections in children." Medical Mycology 57, no. 8 (March 20, 2019): 929–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myz005.

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Abstract The aims of the study were to examine the distribution of Candida spp. isolated from sterile body sites, the antifungal susceptibility of the isolates to amphotericin B, and fluconazole, risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with invasive health care-associated Candida infections in neonates and children. Between January 2007 and January 2012, the patients with invasive candidiasis were detected from microbiology laboratary records and medical records were examined retrospectively. Candida spp. were isolated from sterile body sites in 94 patients. The most common underlying diseases were prematurity in neonates and surgery in children. Parenteral nutrition, stay in intensive care unit (ICU), and mechanical ventilation (MV) were major risk factors in neonates. Hospitalization before infection and immunosuppressant therapy were significantly more frequent in children. Of Candida infection episodes, 29.8% was due to C. albicans and 70.2% was due to non-albicans Candida spp. The most common isolated species was C. parapsilosis. Of the Candida species, 90.8% were sensitive, and 9.2% were resistant to fluconazole. The rate of amphotericin B resistant was 1.3%; 23.4% of the patients died in the first 30 days. The main variables associated with mortality were neonates, prematurity, stay in the ICU, parenteral nutrition, MV, length of stay, amphotericin B susceptibility, and high levels of C-reactive protein.

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Oreiro, Mariana Bastos, Miguel Canales, Julio García Rodríguez, Raquel de Paz, Ana Lopez de la Guia, Monica Martin Salces, Peter Lang, Jose Ramon Paño Pardo, and Fernando Hernandez Navarro. "Candidemia in Patients with Hematological Malignancies: The Role of Prophilaxis and the Importance of Local Epidemiology for Treatment." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 4839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4839.4839.

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Abstract Introduction: Candidemia is a serious condition with a high mortality rate in patients with hematological malignancies. It is thus important to understand the associated risk factors, as well as the need to establish adequate prophylaxis and early, effective therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of candidemia in hospital patients with hematological malignancies; to describe its clinical features and the risk factors associated with infection and with a poor outcome. Materials and methods: An electronic database was used to identify cases with a positive blood culture for Candida spp in patients with hematological malignancies admitted to the Hematology Ward of Hospital Universitario La Paz between January 2000 to March 2008. The clinical history of each identified case was reviewed. SPSS 15.0 was used for the statistical analysis. Univariant analysis was carried out using χ2. Results: Forty seven patients were identified, with an annual incidence of 1%. The species identified were Candida parapsilopsis in 46% of cases (n = 22) and Candida albicans in 21.3% (n = 10); the remainder was distributed amongst C. guillermondi, C. tropicalis and C. krusei. The underlying hemalogic malignancies were non-Hodgkin lymphoma (34%, n = 16), multiple myeloma (19%, n = 9) and acute myeloid leukemia (17%, n = 8). 48.9% of patients underwent stem cell transplantation (45.3% allogeneic and 54.7% autologous). No significant association was found between the underlying hemalogic malignancy and the species of Candida that was isolated. The antifungals used in treatment were liposomal amphotericin in 48.9% of cases, fluconazole in 12.7%, caspofungin in 4.2% and voriconazole in 4.2%, with combined therapy in 30% of patients. MIC50 and MIC90 for fluconazole against C. parapsilopsis were 4 and 32, respectively, and 0.03 and 8, respectively against C. albicans. MIC90 against the other species was 0.03. MIC50 and MIC90 for amphotericin were 0.03 and 1, respectively, against C. albicans, C. parapsilopsis and C. krusei. Voriconazole, itraconazole and caspofungin were found to have an MIC90 of 0.03 against all species of Candida. Thirty seven point eight percet of patients were already receiving antifungal prophylaxis at the time of diagnosis of candidemia, although 90% of cases of C. albicans candidemia were not on prophylaxis (p<0.05). In terms of risk factors, 76.6% of patients had a central venous catheter, 78.8% were undergoing chemotherapy, 95.6% were receiving concomitant, broad-spectrum antibiotics, 21.7% were diabetic, 46.8% were receiving parenteral nutrition of which more than half (59.1%) were associated with C. parapsilopsis, 26.7% had a serious associated mucositis, 60.5% had less than 0.2 ×109/L neutrophils and 98% had less than 1.5 × 109/L neutrophils, 37% had kidney failure. Eight patients (17%) died as a result of candidemia: 4 from C. albicans, 2 from C. parapsilopsis, 1 from C. glabrata and 1 from C. krusei. Of the patients with C. albicans, 33% died, compared to 11.8% of those with other species of Candida (p<0.05). Conclusion: Candida parapsilopsis was found to be the main causative species of candidemia in our centre, with a markedly high MIC50 and MIC90 for fluconazole, probably related to fluconazole prophylaxis. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the epidemiology of each centre when planning treatment and establishing an effective scheme of prophylaxis in high-risk patients to avoid the mortality associated with this type of infectious complication

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Park, S. S., D. J. D'Amico, B. Paton, and A. S. Baker. "Treatment of exogenous Candida endophthalmitis in rabbits with oral fluconazole." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 39, no. 4 (April 1995): 958–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.39.4.958.

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We investigated the efficacy of oral fluconazole, alone or in combination with oral flucytosine (5FC), in treating Candida endophthalmitis using a rabbit model. Albino rabbits were infected with an intravitreal inoculation of 1,000 CFU of susceptible Candida albicans and randomized 5 days later to receive treatment with oral fluconazole alone (80 mg/kg of body weight per day), a combination of fluconazole and 5FC (100 mg/kg/12 h), or no treatment. The treatment effect was assessed at 2 and 4 weeks after therapy by funduscopy, quantitative vitreous culture, and histopathology. Intravitreal levels of fluconazole, 2 to 24 h after the first dose, were measured to be > 10 times the MIC of the drug for C. albicans. Among rabbits treated with fluconazole for 2 weeks, 67% had a > 90% reduction in fungal load (P < 0.05) and 33% were sterile. After 4 weeks, all had a > 99% reduction in fungal load (P < 0.05) and 75% were sterile (P = 0.01). This treatment effect was unchanged 4 weeks after discontinuation of fluconazole. Among rabbits treated with fluconazole and 5FC for 2 weeks, 67% died during therapy. Among the surviving rabbits, 75% had a > 90% reduction in fungal load (P < 0.05) and 25% were sterile. We conclude that oral fluconazole may be useful for treatment of Candida endophthalmitis. Addition of 5FC was associated with high toxicity and minimal additional antifungal effect in our rabbit model.

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Assaf, Areej M., Bassam I. Amro, Sundus Mashallah, and Randa N. Haddadin. "Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential therapy for opportunistic microorganisms." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, no. 05 (May 31, 2016): 494–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.7610.

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Introduction: Methanolic extracts of six plants (Arbutus andrachne, Chrysanthemum coronarium, Inula viscosa, Origanum syriacum, Punica granatum, and Rosmarinus officinalis) used in traditional medicine for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections were evaluated. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of some medicinal plants in lowering the risk of opportunistic infections of the oral cavity caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Extracts were evaluated separately and in a mixture. Methodology: The methanolic plant extracts were tested against three opportunistic microorganisms by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). They were also evaluated for their ability to suppress the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 while not suppressing the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using ELISA. Results: All extracts showed both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. However, O. syriacum exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity for the three microorganisms among all of the tested extracts (MIC S. aureus: 1 mg/mL; P. aeruginosa: 2 mg/mL; and C. albicans: 1 mg/mL). The extracts inhibited the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 with apparent dose-dependent responses while they attenuated the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The mixture of O. syriacum and R. officinalis showed an anti-inflammatory effect, with a synergistic antimicrobial effect. Conclusion: These findings support the idea that a diet rich in plants and herbs may contribute to the reduction of inflammation and microbial growth and may also be preventive against various infections, including those related to the oral cavity.

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Ahmed, Abeera, Nargis Daud, Lahore Gohar Zaman, Aamer Ikram, and Muhammed Tahir Khadim. "Candidemia: Predisposing Factors, Antifungal Susceptibility, Clinical Outcome and Connotations for Management." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.666.

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Objective: We conducted this study to investigate the epidemiology of candidemia in our setting and to quantify the risk factors associated with disease, overall outcome, and mortality associated with candidemia. Methods: In this prospective observational study, we conducted lab-based surveillance with clinical correlation of all cases of candidemia within our ICUs during the period (2016–2018). Clinical assessment was done on day 5 and day 30, and comorbidities, clinical features, and outcome were observed within 30 days after the diagnosis. The diagnosis was made on the basis of positive blood culture for Candida spp and a compatible clinical picture. The demographic characteristics, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores, comorbidities, use of invasive devices, antibiotics administered were observed, and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed according to CLSI guidelines. Type and duration of antifungal administered and outcomes were noted. Results: In total, 48 episodes of candidemia, with 29 (60%) males and 19 (40%) females, were identified during the study period. C. albicans was the most common specie responsible for candidemia, causing 17 of the cases (~35%), whereas rest of the cases were caused by non–albicans spp, which included C. auris, accounting for 9 (19%) C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis 7 (15%) each, C. glabrata and C. famata 2 (6%), and C. krusei was isolated in only 2 cases (4%). Among modifiable risk factors, CVC insertion and antibiotic exposure were the leading factors, seen in 100% of patient. Candida colonization was observed in 26 patients (28%), of whom 2 (4%) had multifocal Candida colonization. Among evaluable patients, 17 (35%) died within 30 days of the onset of candidemia. C. tropicalis was associated with the highest mortality rate, 27% (n = 4) in this cohort. Regarding the crude mortality in the different units, patients in medical ICU had the highest mortality rate (54%). In vitro activity of 3 systemically active antifungal agents was tested against 48 isolates of Candida spp. Based on CLSI break points, the susceptibility to voriconazole was 98%; only 1 isolate was resistant to voriconazole. Among candidemia-positive cases, 28 patients (58%) had taken the antifungals for >14 days, whereas 18 (37.5%) were treated for <14 days and 2 (4%) died before the initiation of therapy. Conclusions: In our study, C. albicans was the most common specie responsible for candidemia, but non–albicans spp are also emerging, with higher in vitro resistance to antifungals.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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Koncar, Igor, Marko Dragas, Predrag Sabljak, Predrag Pesko, Miroslav Markovic, and Lazar Davidovic. "Aortoesophageal and aortobronchial fistula caused by Candida albicans after thoracic endovascular aortic repair." Vojnosanitetski pregled 73, no. 9 (2016): 864–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp141209074k.

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Introduction. Endovascular stent-graft placement has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery for the treatment of aortic aneurysms and dissections. There are few reports of stent graft infections and aortoenteric fistula after endovascular thoracic aortic aneurysm repair, and the first multicentric study (Italian survey) showed the incidence of about 2%. Case report. We presented a 69-year-old male patient admitted to our hospital 9 months after thoracic endovascular aortic repair, due to severe chest pain in the left hemithorax and arm refractory to analgesic therapy. Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) showed a collection between the stent graft and the esophagus with thin layers of gas while gastroendoscopy showed visible blood jet 28 cm from incisive teeth. Surgical treatment was performed in collaboration of two teams (esophageal and vascular surgical team). After explantation of the stent graft and in situ reconstruction by using Dacron graft subsequent esophagectomy and graft omentoplasty were made. After almost four weeks patient developed hemoptisia as a sign of aorto bronchial fistula. Treatment with implantation of another aortic cuff of 26 mm was performed. The patient was discharged to the regional center with negative blood culture, normal inflammatory parameters and respiratory function. Three months later the patient suffered deterioration with the severe weight loss and pneumonia caused by Candida albicans and unfortunately died. The survival time from the surgical treatment of aortoesophageal fistula was 4 months. Conclusion. Even if endovascular repair of thoracic aortic diseases improves early results, risk of infection should not be forgotten. Postoperative respiratory deterioration and finally hemoptisia could be the symptoms of another fistula.

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Khan, Fahmi Yousef, Mohammed Elsayed, Deshmukh Anand, Mohammed Abu Khattab, and Doiphode Sanjay. "Fungal peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in Qatar." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 5, no. 09 (July 5, 2011): 646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.1519.

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Introduction: This study was conducted at Hamad General Hospital to determine the incidence of fungal peritonitis and to describe its clinical and microbiological findings in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in Qatar. Methodology: The medical records of these patients between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2008 were retrospectively reviewed and the collected data were analysed. Results: During the study period, 141 episodes of peritonitis were observed among 294 patients. In 14 of these episodes (9.9%), fungal peritonitis was reported in 14 patients with a rate of 0.05 episodes per patient year, while the bacterial peritonitis rate was 0.63 per patient year. Thirteen (93%) patients had one or more previous episodes of bacterial peritonitis that was treated with multiple broad-spectrum antibiotics, 11 (85%) had received broad-spectrum antibiotics within the preceding month, 12 (92%) within three months, and 8 (62%) within six months. Candida species were the only fungal species isolated from the dialysate with predominance of non-albicans Candida species (especially Candida parapsilosis). Therapeutic approach was immediate catheter removal, followed by systemic antifungal therapy and temporary haemodialysis. Nine patients (64.3%) were continued on haemodialysis, whereas five patients (35.7%) died. Conclusions: Prior antibiotic use was an important risk factor predisposing patients to the development of fungal peritonitis. Early detection of fungal peritonitis would lead to early institution of appropriate therapy and prevention of complications.

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Caulier, Thomas, Olivier Robineau, Armelle Pasquet, Pier-Vito D’Elia, Barthelemy Lafon-Desmurs, Olivier Leroy, Serge Alfandari, and Eric Senneville. "1029. Outcome of Candida Graft Vascular Infection: Results From a Prospective Cohort." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.866.

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Abstract Background Candida graft vascular infections (CGVI) are rare events and little data are available in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcome of patients admitted for fungal graft vascular infections, in a reference center for CGVI treatment. Methods Patients admitted for a CGVI in our center from 1 January 2000 to 1 February 2018 were prospectively included. Clinical, biological, and outcome data were recorded. Results Two hundred patients were admitted with graft vascular infections (GVI) in our center, and 11 of them (6%) presented CGVI. They were mainly men (7; 64%), and median age was 74 years old [min–max: 39–83]. All patients had benefited from prosthetic bypass surgery prior to CGVI, and infection was considered as an early disease in six patients (55%). Candida albicans was found in 72% of cases. Infection was plurimicrobial in 10 patients (92%), involving Staphyloccocus aureus in only one case and Bacille gram negatif in six (55%) cases. The management consisted in a total or partial graft replacement for five patients (45%), and surgical revision was required in four of them (30%). The empirical antifungal therapy included an echinocandin (Caspofungine) for eight patients (73%), and was changed to fluconazole or voriconazole according to antifungigram. Two patients received Amphotericin B therapy, complicated by acute kidney injury. Intensive care unit admittance was required for nine patients (82%). After the curative treatment period, antifungal therapy could not be removed in two patients and was long-continued using fluconazole. Finally, six patients (55%) died, all within the year after CGVI. Conclusion To our knowledge, we report here the biggest CGVI cohort. CGVI resulted in very high morbidity and mortality, requiring ICU admission for a long time. Despite multidisciplinary management involving anesthesiologists, surgeons, intensive care, and infectious disease physicians, outcome of CGVI patients remains poor. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Vassilis, Vargemezis Zoe L., Homer Papadopoulou, Anna-Maria Liamos, Taisir Natscheh Belechri, George Vergoulas, Rodothea Antoniadou, Vassilis Kilintzis, and Menelaos Papadimitriou. "Management of Fungal Peritonitis during Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 6, no. 1 (January 1986): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686088600600106.

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A group of 138 patients (pts) on CAPD for a total of 1889 patientmonths had 176 episodes of peritonitis. Eighteen (13%) had fungal peritonitis at one to 20 months after beginning CAPD. The responsible organisms were Candida albicans (nine pts), Candida parapsilosis (five), Candida torulopsis (three), and Trichosporum capitatum (one). These infections were treated by various combinations of antifungal agents using two different strategies: Removal of the Tenckhoff catheter and interruption of CAPD for 10 to 14 days in nine pts (Group A), and continuous peritoneal lavage for four to six days in the remainder -nine pts (Group B). Fourteen of the 18 were cured (seven of nine in each group). In group A, two patients died, one continues on CAPD while the other six (67%) were transferred to hemodialysis because they developed peritoneal adhesions with significant loss in peritoneal space. In group B, only two patients have been transferred to hemodialysis; the other seven continue on CAPD. In our experience, the preferred initial form of treatment is continuous peritoneal lavage in conjunction with antifungal therapy. Catheter removal should be reserved for those who fail to respond to this treatment. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is now accepted as a alternative treatment for end-stage renal disease. However, despite continuous progress in this field, peritonitis still remains a major complication and results in increased morbidity and cost. Although pathogenic fungi account for only 2 7% of peritonitis in patients on CAPD (1–3), the illness is severe and represents a major clinical challenge to these patients. In addition, the therapy of fungal peritonitis is still controversial, especially with regard to the need for removal of the catheter. This paper presents a retrospective study and describes our experience during the past four years with the management of fungal peritonitis in 18 patients undergoing CAPD at our center.

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Ejdas, Elżbieta. "Fungal infection risk groups among school children." Acta Mycologica 38, no. 1-2 (August 20, 2014): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2003.009.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between ocurrence of fungi in children and living environment (city - countryside), sex, age, diet, undergone diseases therapy with antibiotics and exposure to hospital environment, and to indicate children potentially vulnerable to fungal infections. The material was consisted of swabs collected from the oral cavily, the throat and the nose of healthy children, aged 6-9 and 10-15, from both urban and rural environmens. Candida albicans, the basic aetiological factor in thc majority of mycoses recorded in humans, unquestionably prevailed in the group of the 13 speciec of yeast-like fungi and yeasts isolated. Records of C. glabrata and C. krusei increasing numbers of whose strains show resistance to basic antimycoties, as well as relatively frequent records of Trichosporon beigelii, Saccharomycopsis capsularis and Saccharomyces sp., fungi whose expansiveness and enzymatic activity have been growing, may be considered disconcerting. Vulnerability to fungal infection increases following anti-bacterial antibiotic therapy in the majority of subjects regardless season or age. This is particularly true primarily of the most stable ontocoenosis of the throat. Younger children, on the other hand, are the most vulnerable foUowing infection of the respiratory system. Fungi are likely to colonise the nose in this case. Children living in the countryside who had been ll immediately prior to the collection of the material constitute the highest risk group of the occurrence of fungi in any of the ontocoenoses studied. A greater number of positive inoculations were recorded in these children in comparison to the children from the city. It may be indicative of a more extensive spectrum of natural reservoirs of fungi and the vectors of their transmission in rural areas than those in the city, lower health hygiene and lower immunity or of a more common carriage of fungi among rural children.

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Louie, Arnold, Weiguo Liu, Dorothy A. Miller, Alana C. Sucke, Qing-Feng Liu, George L. Drusano, Martin Mayers, and Michael H. Miller. "Efficacies of High-Dose Fluconazole plus Amphotericin B and High-Dose Fluconazole plus 5-Fluorocytosine versus Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, and 5-Fluorocytosine Monotherapies in Treatment of Experimental Endocarditis, Endophthalmitis, and Pyelonephritis Due to Candida albicans." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 2831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.12.2831.

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ABSTRACT We compared the efficacies of fluconazole (Flu), amphotericin B (AmB), and 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) monotherapies with the combination of Flu plus 5FC and Flu plus AmB in a rabbit model of Candida albicans endocarditis, endophthalmitis, and pyelonephritis. The dose of Flu used was that which resulted in an area under the concentration-time curve in rabbits equivalent to that seen in humans who receive Flu at 1,600 mg/day, the highest dose not associated with central nervous system toxicity in humans. Quantitative cultures of heart valve vegetations, the choroid-retina, vitreous humor, and kidney were conducted after 1, 5, 14, and 21 days of therapy. All untreated controls died within 6 days of infection; animals treated with 5FC monotherapy all died within 18 days. In contrast, 93% of animals in the other treatment groups appeared well and survived until they were sacrificed. At day 5, the relative decreases in CFU per gram in the vitreous humor were greater in groups that received Flu alone and in combination with 5FC or AmB than in groups receiving AmB or 5FC monotherapies (P< 0.005) but were similar thereafter. In the choroid-retina, 5FC was the least-active drug. However, there were no differences in choroidal fungal densities between the other treatment groups. On days 5 and 14 of therapy, fungal densities in kidneys of AmB recipients were lower than those resulting from the other therapies (P< 0.001 and P ≤ 0.038, respectively) and AmB-plus-Flu therapy was antagonistic; however, all therapies for fungal pyelonephritis were similar by treatment day 21. While fungal counts in cardiac valves of Flu recipients were similar to those of controls on day 5 of therapy and did not change from days 1 to 21, AmB therapy significantly decreased valvular CFUs versus Flu at days 5, 14, and 21 (P < 0.005 at each time point). 5FC plus Flu demonstrated enhanced killing in cardiac vegetations compared with Flu or 5FC as monotherapies (P < 0.03). Similarly, the combination of AmB and Flu was more active than Flu in reducing the fungal density in cardiac vegetations (P < 0.03). However, as in the kidney, AmB plus Flu demonstrated antagonism versus AmB monotherapy in the treatment of C. albicansendocarditis (P < 0.05, P = 0.036, and P < 0.008 on days 5, 14, and 21, respectively).

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OBILIŞTEANU, Gabriela C., Alexandru MATEI, Loredana MANOLESCU, Viviana DRAGODAN, Ruxandra ULMEANU, and Florin D. MIHĂLŢAN. "Updated therapies in bronchiectasis." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2017.2.6.

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Objective. The aim of this study is to evaluate the constantly updated and integrated treatment strategies for the improvement and the cure of bronchiectasis, with a beneficial effect on the quality of life of patients diagnosed with this disease. Material and method. The retrospective study (december 17th 2014 – june 2nd 2015), was conducted on 89 patients hospitalised in the Pneumophtysiology Institute "Marius Nasta" in Bucharest, with the confirmed clinical diagnosis of non cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. From the clinical observation charts of the patients included in the study, we evaluated the treatment strategies applied for each patient in correlation with the confirmed clinical diagnosis. The therapies applied included antimicrobial, mucolytic, bronchodilator, corticosteroid, immunotherapy treatment, pulmonary rehabilitation, treatment of associated disease (ORL and gastro-oesophageal reflux), hygiene diet and antidepressant treatment. Results. The microbial etiology identified in the sputum (17,97%) consisted of Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Candida albicans, 82,03% of the cases presented non-specific (normal) flora. The associated therapy of antibiotic treatment (cephalosporin + fluoroquinolone) + mucolytic agent (erdosteine) + corticosteroid & β adrenergic agonist + anticolinergic agent + nonsteroid anti-inflammatory + anti-influenza vaccination + immunotherapy was the most efficient and the most used first-intention therapeutic association (35/39,32%). All the patients were discharged with improved bronchiectatic status. Discussions. The present study, with multiple date regarding the treatment of the acute disease, revealed the importance and the benefit of the multitype therapy, continuously updated, for the treatment of bronchiectasis of various degrees of severity. In time, the treatment can have serious side effects for the patient and the community in regard to antibiotic resistance; the severity and the complications' risk offers an useful background for taking clinical decisions that patients require long term treatment courses, such as macrolides, airway adjuvants, inhalatory antibiotics and other measures. Conclusions. Future studies should refer to a greater number of patients with varying degrees of severity of this disease, with more specific etiological information and with a longer duration, to clarify the actual benefits of new promising therapies and to offer new perspectives on the medical approach of bronchiectasis.

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Petra Rössel, Henrik C. Schønheyder. "Fluconazole Therapy in Candida albicans Spondylodiscitis." Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 30, no. 5 (January 1998): 527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365549850161601.

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Naglik, Julian R. "Candida Immunity." New Journal of Science 2014 (August 25, 2014): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/390241.

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The human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans is the predominant cause of both superficial and invasive forms of candidiasis. C. albicans primarily infects immunocompromised individuals as a result of either immunodeficiency or intervention therapy, which highlights the importance of host immune defences in preventing fungal infections. The host defence system utilises a vast communication network of cells, proteins, and chemical signals distributed in blood and tissues, which constitute innate and adaptive immunity. Over the last decade the identity of many key molecules mediating host defence against C. albicans has been identified. This review will discuss how the host recognises this fungus, the events induced by fungal cells, and the host innate and adaptive immune defences that ultimately resolve C. albicans infections during health.

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Klevay, Michael J., Erika J. Ernst, Jesse L. Hollanbaugh, Joshua G. Miller, Michael A. Pfaller, and Daniel J. Diekema. "Therapy and outcome of Candida glabrata versus Candida albicans bloodstream infection." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 60, no. 3 (March 2008): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.10.001.

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Lee, Wilson. "Genotypic variation of Candida albicans during orthodontic therapy." Frontiers in Bioscience Volume, no. 13 (2008): 3814. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/2970.

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&NA;. "Estrogen therapy and Candida albicans vulvovaginal infection related." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 879 (November 2001): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200108790-00012.

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Baptista, Alessandra, Silvia Cristina Núñez, Caetano P. Sabino, Walter Miyakawa, and Martha S. Ribeiro. "Morphological evaluation of Candida albicans after photodynamic therapy." Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 12, no. 3 (September 2015): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.121.

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Kovachev, Stefan Miladinov, and Rossitza Stefanova Vatcheva-Dobrevska. "Local Probiotic Therapy for Vaginal Candida albicans Infections." Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 7, no. 1 (November 2, 2014): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12602-014-9176-0.

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Mohammedi, I., A. Thiebaut, M. A. Piens, L. Argaud, O. Martin, and D. Robert. "Emergence of Candida albicans fungemia during voriconazole therapy." Journal of Infection 51, no. 3 (October 2005): e83-e84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2004.08.032.

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Gautam, Mahesh Kumar, and Jiang Li. "Neonatal Candida Lusitaniae Septicemia." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 34, no. 2 (October 30, 2014): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.11161.

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Neonatal candidemia is an increasing cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Most reported cases are due to Candida albicans, but non-albicans species are on the rise. Candida lusitaniae is infrequently reported opportunistic pathogen. It causes serious and fatal infection. Early diagnosis and proper antifungal therapy can prevent morbidity and mortality in premature neonates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.11161 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):160-162

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Widiyanti, Prihartini. "THE ROLE OF HYPERBARIC THERAPY IN THE GROWTH OF CANDIDA ALBICANS." Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v4i4.228.

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Background: Candida albicans is opportunistic pathogen fungi which cause many disease in human such as reccurrent apthous stomatitis, skin lesions, vulvavaginitis, candiduria and gastrointestinal candidiasis. Aim: Infection mechanism of C. albicans is very complex including adhesion and invasion, morphology alteration from khamir form cell to filamen form (hifa), biofilm forming and the avoidance of host immunity. Method: The ability of C. albicans to adhere to the host cell which is act as important factor in the early colonization and infection. Result: The phenotype alteration to be filament form let the C. albicans to penetrate to the epithelium and play important role in infection and separation C. Albicans to the host cell. Hyperbaric oxygen is the inhalation of 100 percent oxygen inside hyperbaric chamber that is pressurized to greater than 1 atmosphere (atm). Conclusion: The organism was found to be inhibited within a pressure/time range well tolerated by human subjects, suggesting that hyperbaric oxygen might be used successfully in treating human candidiasis.

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Sanguineti, A. "Fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans after long-term suppressive therapy." Archives of Internal Medicine 153, no. 9 (May 10, 1993): 1122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.153.9.1122.

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Sanguineti, Ana. "Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans After Long-term Suppressive Therapy." Archives of Internal Medicine 153, no. 9 (May 10, 1993): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1993.00410090068008.

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Kim, Ji-Won, and Bon-Yeoul Koo. "Antimicribial Photodynamic Therapy Using Diode Laser on Candida Albicans." Journal of Radiological Science and Technology 44, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17946/jrst.2021.44.2.141.

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Dovigo, Lívia Nordi, Ana Cláudia Pavarina, Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima, Eunice Teresinha Giampaolo, Carlos Eduardo Vergani, and Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato. "Fungicidal effect of photodynamic therapy against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans and Candida glabrata." Mycoses 54, no. 2 (February 16, 2011): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01769.x.

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Lin, Michael Y., Yehuda Carmeli, Jennifer Zumsteg, Ernesto L. Flores, Jocelyn Tolentino, Pranavi Sreeramoju, and Stephen G. Weber. "Prior Antimicrobial Therapy and Risk for Hospital-Acquired Candida glabrata and Candida krusei Fungemia: a Case-Case-Control Study." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 11 (November 2005): 4555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.11.4555-4560.2005.

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ABSTRACT The incidence of infections caused by Candida glabrata and Candida krusei, which are generally more resistant to fluconazole than Candida albicans, is increasing in hospitalized patients. However, the extent to which prior exposure to specific antimicrobial agents increases the risk of subsequent C. glabrata or C. krusei candidemia has not been closely studied. A retrospective case-case-control study was performed at a university hospital. From 1998 to 2003, 60 patients were identified with hospital-acquired non-C. albicans candidemia (C. glabrata or C. krusei; case group 1). For comparison, 68 patients with C. albicans candidemia (case group 2) and a common control group of 121 patients without candidemia were studied. Models were adjusted for demographic and clinical risk factors, and the risk for candidemia associated with exposure to specific antimicrobial agents was assessed. After adjusting for both nonantimicrobial risk factors and receipt of other antimicrobial agents, piperacillin-tazobactam (odds ratio [OR], 4.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 16.50) and vancomycin (OR, 6.48; CI, 2.20 to 19.13) were significant risk factors for C. glabrata or C. krusei candidemia. For C. albicans candidemia, no specific antibiotics remained a significant risk after adjusted analysis. Prior fluconazole use was not significantly associated with either C. albicans or non-C. albicans (C. glabrata or C. krusei) candidemia. In this single-center study, exposure to antibacterial agents, specifically vancomycin or piperacillin-tazobactam, but not fluconazole, was associated with subsequent hospital-acquired C. glabrata or C. krusei candidemia. Further studies are needed to prospectively analyze specific antimicrobial risks for nosocomial candidemia across multiple hospital centers.

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Henriques, Mariana, and David Williams. "Pathogenesis and Virulence of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata." Pathogens 9, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090752.

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Fungal infections in humans have historically received comparatively less attention than those caused by bacteria and viruses. This may, in part, stem from the relative differences in infection prevalence. However, the more widespread use of immunosuppressive therapy, invasive surgery and medical devices in modern medicine has resulted in a more frequent occurrence of human fungal infection. There are a number of fungi that can cause human disease. However, it is arguably a species of the genus Candida that are most often encountered. There are over 150 Candida species that are widely encountered in the environment and in animal hosts, however, only a small number are opportunistic pathogens of humans. Candida albicans is a polymorphic yeast-like fungus and undoubtedly the species most often recovered from human infection. As such, the virulence of C. albicans and its susceptibility to antifungal agents are often investigated. More recently, the prevalence of infections caused by non-C. albicansCandida species have increased and, amongst these, infections caused by Candida glabrata have received attention given its often-higher tolerance to frequently used antifungals exhibited by this species. The papers presented in this Special Issue have focused on aspects relating to host responses to Candida infection, the efficacy of novel therapeutic agents and also treatment regimes. The papers highlight novel findings in their respective areas, whilst also highlighting the need for further research in these key and largely under-researched areas of candidoses.

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Klyasova, G. A., A. O. Malchikova, K. S. Tandilova, E. V. Blohina, E. N. Parovichnikova, S. K. Kravchenko, and V. G. Savchenko. "Treatment of candidemia caused by Candida albicans and Candida non - albicans in patients with hematological malignancies." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 91, no. 8 (August 15, 2019): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2019.08.000385.

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Aim. To study the risk factors, symptoms and outcomes of candidemia caused by C. albicans and C. non - albicans in patients with hematological malignancies. Materials and methods. The study included patients with hematological malignancies and candidemia. The diagnosis of candidemia was established according to the single isolation of Candida spp. from blood culture and the presence of symptoms of infection. Results and discussion. Over 12 years (2006-2017), candidemia was diagnosed in 75 patients aged 17 to 77 years (median 48 years). The causative agents of candidemia were C. albicans in 34.7% of patients, C. non - albicans - in 65.3%. Candidemia caused by C. albicans prevailed in patients of the older age group (median 56.5 years, p=0.04) and in patients with lymphoma (61.5%, p=0.01) with colonization of the gut by the same species of Candida (88.5%, p=0.002). Isolation of C. non - albicans from blood culture was more common in patients with acute leukemia (51%, p=0.01) and in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells (22.5%, p=0.01). The ability to form biofilms was observed more frequently among C. non - albicans (59.2%) than C. albicans (19.2%, p=0.001). The clinical symptoms of candidemia were non - specific (fever was in 97%). Septic shock developed in 25 (33%) patients with comparable frequency in both groups. Concomitant infections was also comparable (73% vs. 73.5%). Overall 30-day survival in patients with candidemia caused by C. albicans and C. non - albicans was 61.2% and 61.5%. Treatment with echinocandin was associated with increase of survival compared to other antifungal agents among patients with C. albicans candidaemia (88.9% versus 40%, p=0.02) and among C. non - albicans (77.3% versus 47.8%). Conclusion. C. non - albicans constituted a high proportion among causative agents of candidemia. High mortality rate was observed in both groups. Initial therapy with echinocandin was associated with increase of survival.

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Graybill, J. R., R. Bocanegra, A. Fothergill, and M. G. Rinaldi. "Bleomycin therapy of experimental disseminated candidiasis in mice." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 3 (March 1996): 816–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.3.816.

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Bleomycin, an antineoplastic agent, was found to be very effective in vitro against a variety of fungi, including Candida albicans. Mice were infected with C. albicans intravenously and then treated with various doses of bleomycin. No efficacy was shown by either prolongation of survival or reduction of tissue counts.

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Vlahovic, Tracey C., Samuel Spadone, S. Patrick Dunn, Tara Fussell, Ian Hersh, Tyson Green, Jeff Merrill, Payel Ghosh, and Tran Tran. "Candida albicans Immunotherapy for Verrucae Plantaris." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 105, no. 5 (September 1, 2015): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/14-062.

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Background Verrucae plantaris is a viral disease caused by human papilloma virus that is commonly seen in the office setting and is often challenging to treat owing to its high recurrence rate and recalcitrant profile. Candida albicans intralesional injections have been hypothesized to incite an immunogenic response toward the virus. Methods We report on the immunotherapeutic effect of intralesional injection of C albicans into plantar verrucae with a retrospective medical record analysis of 80 patients. Using a luer-lock syringe, 0.1 to 0.3 mL of C albicans antigen was injected into either the first known lesion or the largest lesion. Results The success rate of intralesional C albicans, defined as total clearance of the lesion, was 65%, which may be underestimated because patients lost to follow-up were included in the 35% failure rate. It was also found that female patients with a previous tissue-destructive treatment process were more than four times more likely to respond to C albicans therapy, whereas this effect was less pronounced in the male patient population. Conclusions These results indicate that a series of intralesional injections of C albicans is an effective and efficient method of treatment for verrucae plantaris.

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Gower, David J., Kerry Crone, Eben Alexander, and David L. Kelly. "Candida albicans Shunt Infection: Report of Two Cases." Neurosurgery 19, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198607000-00018.

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Abstract Infection of cerebrospinal fluid shunts with Candida albicans is reported in two patients. Scanning electron microscopy in one case demonstrates the relationship of the Candida hyphae to the white blood cells and to silicone plastic. A review of 10 previously reported cases of Candida shunt infection indicates that the infection usually follows a major bacterial infection or direct contamination or occurs spontaneously, Previous therapy has usually involved removal of the shunt, and the role of parenteral antifungal therapy is still unclear. Overall mortality to date is 25%.

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Rezeki, Sri, Siti Aliyah Pradono, Gus Permana Subita, Yeva Rosana, S. Sunnati, and Basri A. Gani. "The antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans isolated from HIV/AIDS patients." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 54, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v54.i2.p82-86.

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Background: Candida albicans was found to be dominant in patients with human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). The antifungals fluconazole, ketoconazole, and nystatin were used as oral candidiasis therapy for HIV/AIDS, each of which has differing susceptibility in oral candidiasis therapy. Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility and antifungal resistance to oral C. albicans in HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: The subjects followed the universal precaution principles. Oral Candida species were isolated from the saliva of 98 HIV/AIDS subjects. Identification of Candida species was carried out by the mycobiotic agar of API 20 C Aux system. Susceptibility and resistance antifungal tests on the Candida species were performed using a Fungus ATB Kit. Results: Candida albicans was the most dominant species found from 98 subjects (95%). The rest were other Candida species. There are 41 subjects (42%) with a history of oral candidiasis, and 57 subjects (58%) without. The history of those who used antifungals were: nystatin = 60 subjects (61%), fluconazole = 39 subjects (40%), and ketoconazole = two subjects (2%). These antifungals have a susceptibility above 80% against C. albicans, except the nystatin group (79%) (p>0.05; 0.628), but fluconazole has a strong correlation (r=0.820) to susceptibility, susceptibility-dependent dose, and resistance. Conclusion: Candida albicans was dominant in the saliva of HIV/AIDS patients. This fungus was effectively treated by fluconazole, ketoconazole and nystatin. These antifungals had a high susceptibility at ≤ 8 μg/mL to C. albicans.

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Kurniawati, Darini, and Kunti Nastiti. "Potentials of Betel Leaf Infusion (Piper betle L), Lime Peel Extract (Citrus aurantifolia) and Bundung Extract (Actinoscirpus grossus) as Candidiasis Therapy." Berkala Kedokteran 16, no. 2 (September 25, 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbk.v16i2.9220.

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Abstract: Candidiasis is an infection caused by the fungus Candida, especially Candida albicans. It often occurs in the mouth and sex organs, also in the nails, respiratory tract, digestive tract, and anus. Betel leaf stew is often used by people to gargle and clean the intimate organs. The nature of the betel leaf solution is easily oxidized and turns brown. Therefore, research needs to be done by mixing betel leaf (Piper betle L) with lime (Citrus aurantifolia) to maintain the color of betel leaf, coupled with natural ingredients that have antimicrobial properties, namely lime peel and bundung plants (Actinoscirpus grossus). With the hypothesis of the joining of three natural materials that have antimicrobial activity can strengthen the inhibitory activity of the fungus Candida albicans. This research was conducted by making a betel leaf infusion formulation, lime peel extract, and bundung extract with a concentration of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% which were then tested to determine the effect of the infusion formulation on the inhibitory activity of Candida albicans by the method spread on Saburoud Dextrose Agar media. Based on Zuraidah's research (2015), 80% and 100% betel leaf extraction has activity on Candida albicans. From the results of this study significant results were obtained at a concentration of 50% of a mixture of betel leaf infusion formulations, extracts of lime peel and bundung extract had the same inhibitory properties as the hand sanitizer antiseptic liquid against Candida albicans. Thus it can be concluded that the 50% test formulation of betel leaf infusion mixture with lime extract and bundung extract has greater potential than betel leaf extract alone as a candidiasis therapy. Keywords: Piper betle L, Citruss aurantifolia, Actinoscirpus grossus, Antiseptik, Kandidiasis, Candida albicans

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Tania, Putu Oky ari. "Mekanisme Escape dan Respon Imun innate terhadap Candida albicans." Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma 9, no. 1 (April 13, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jikw.v9i1.747.

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Candidiasis is an infection caused by fungal Candida albicans. The incidence of candidiasis is pretty high in Indonesia. Candida albicans develop their pathogenicity by several ways so that it can invade and escape from the immune system. The host’s immune system must always be vigilant to recognized antigen through various receptors, activation of the transduction pathway and activation of various immune cells. But as organisms that struggle to survive, Candida also develops mechanisms to escape the immune response. There are so many articles have written the immune response against candidiasis, this review aims to understand more and updating information about the biological processes of pathogenicity of fungi and the mechanism of Candida albicans in escaping immune responses, the role of each innate molecule and immune cell, and clinical aspect to Candida albicans infections. We already facing the big challenges against therapy of fungal infection, so by understanding the escape mechanism of Candida albicans, it is possible to developed antifungal or Candida vaccine in the future, therefore the incidence of candidiasis can be suppressed.

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Costa, Anna Carolina Borges Pereira, Vanessa Maria de Campos Rasteiro, Cristiane Aparecida Pereira, Emily Setsuko Halter da Silva Hashimoto, Milton Beltrame, Juliana Campos Junqueira, and Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge. "Susceptibility of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis to erythrosine- and LED-mediated photodynamic therapy." Archives of Oral Biology 56, no. 11 (November 2011): 1299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.05.013.

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Kwon, Pil Seung. "Inactivation of Candida albicans Biofilm by Radachlorin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy." Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science 47, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15324/kjcls.2015.47.4.273.

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Azizi, Arash, Zohreh Amirzadeh, Maryam Rezai, Shirin Lawaf, and Arash Rahimi. "Effect of photodynamic therapy with two photosensitizers on Candida albicans." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 158 (May 2016): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.027.

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Barchiesi, Francesco, Elisabetta Spreghini, Isabella Baldassarri, Anna Marigliano, Daniela Arzeni, Daniele Giannini, and Giorgio Scalise. "Sequential Therapy with Caspofungin and Fluconazole for Candida albicans Infection." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 10 (October 2004): 4056–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.10.4056-4058.2004.

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ABSTRACT A sequential therapy of caspofungin (CAS) and fluconazole (FLC) administration for treatment of Candida albicans infection was investigated. Treatment with CAS followed by FLC was as effective as CAS treatment given alone for the same duration. Our data suggest that switching from CAS to FLC is a potentially explorable therapeutic option for treatment of systemic candidiasis.

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Triolo, Valérie, Martine Gari-Toussaint, Florence Casagrande, Rodolphe Garraffo, Christian Dageville, Patrick Boutté, and Etienne Bérard. "Fluconazole therapy for Candida albicans urinary tract infections in infants." Pediatric Nephrology 17, no. 7 (June 21, 2002): 550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00467-002-0861-y.

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Blumberg, Henry M., Edward F. Hendershot, and Timothy J. Lott. "Persistence of the same Candida albicans strain despite fluconazole therapy." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 15, no. 6 (August 1992): 545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0732-8893(92)90106-4.

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Orlandi, Viviana Teresa, Eleonora Martegani, Fabrizio Bolognese, Nicola Trivellin, Olga Maťátková, Martina Paldrychová, Andreina Baj, and Enrico Caruso. "Photodynamic Therapy by Diaryl-Porphyrins to Control the Growth of Candida albicans." Cosmetics 7, no. 2 (May 9, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics7020031.

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Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that often causes skin infections such as oral thrush, nail fungus, athlete’s foot, and diaper rash. Under particular conditions, C. albicans alters the natural balance of the host microbiota, and as a result, the skin or its accessory structures lose their function and appearance. Conventional antimycotic drugs are highly toxic to host tissues, and long-lasting drug administration induces the arising of resistant strains that make the antimycotic therapy ineffective. Among new antimicrobial approaches to combine with traditional drugs, light-based techniques are very promising. In this study, a panel of dyes was considered for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications to control the growth of the model strain C. albicans ATCC 14053. The chosen photosensitizers (PSs) belong to the family of synthetic porphyrins, and in particular, they are diaryl-porphyrins. Among these, two monocationic PSs were shown to be particularly efficient in killing C. albicans upon irradiation with light at 410 nm, in a light-dose-dependent manner. The elicited photo-oxidative stress induced the loss of the internal cellular architecture and death. The photodynamic treatment was also successful in inhibiting the biofilm formation of clinical C. albicans strains. In conclusion, this study supports the great potential of diaryl-porphyrins in antimicrobial PDT to control the growth of yeasts on body tissues easily reachable by light sources, such as skin and oral cavity.

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Ghannoum, M. A., M. S. Motawy, A. L. AL-Mubarek, and H. A. AL-Awadhi. "Candida Albicans Strain Differentiation in Cancer Patients Undergoing Therapy: Zur Typisierung von Candida-albicans-Stämmen von Patienten unter Krebs-Therapie." Mycoses 28, no. 8 (April 24, 2009): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1985.tb02149.x.

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Wani, Bilal Ahmad, Mohd Rafiq Lone, and Najmus Saqib. "Isolation, identification and antifungal susceptibility of Candida in patients with fungal sepsis." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 2542. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20192626.

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Background: In this study, our aim was to identify and isolate Candida species from patients admitted in ICU,s of our hospital and to determine their susceptibilities to various antifungal agents so as to find the local resistance pattern and guide for empirical treatment.Methods: In our study 37 strains of candida were isolated (4 Candida albicans, 33 Non-albicans Candida strains). Candida species were identified by conventional, biochemical and molecular methods. Antifungal susceptibility tests for amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole were performed with broth microdilution method and E- tests as described by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).Results: Out of 37 Candida strains, the most prevalent species were C. tropicalis (43.2%), C. parapsilosis (24.3%), C. krusei (16.2%), C. albicans (10.8%), and C. glabrata (2.7%). Among all strains four strains (10.8 %) were resistant, two Candida albicans where found resistant to fluconazole one Candida krusei and one Candida parapsilosis were found to be resistant to all azoles.Conclusions: Candidemia continues to be associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and non albicans Candida species are the commonly isolated pathogen from those patients admitted in tertiary care hospitals in Indian scenario. Thus, it is imperative to perform antifungal susceptibility to select appropriate and effective antifungal therapy.

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Wiench, Rafał, Dariusz Skaba, Jacek Matys, and Kinga Grzech-Leśniak. "Efficacy of Toluidine Blue—Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on Candida spp. A Systematic Review." Antibiotics 10, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040349.

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The effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of oral yeast infections was examined many times in recent years. The authors of this review tried to address the question: “Should TBO (toluidine blue ortho)-mediated aPDT be considered a possible alternative treatment for oral candidiasis?”. PubMed/Medline and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CEN-TRAL) databases were searched from 1997 up to the 27th of October 2020 using a combination of the following keywords: (Candida OR Candidiasis oral OR Candidosis oral OR denture stomatitis) AND (toluidine blue OR photodynamic therapy OR aPDT OR photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy OR PACT OR photodynamic inactivation OR PDI). Animal studies or in vitro studies involving Candida albicans (C. albicans) and/or nonalbicans stain, randomized clinical trials (RCT) involving patients with oral candidiasis or denture stomatitis published solely in English language were included. Candida elimination method in animal, in vitro studies and RCT used was TBO-mediated aPDT. Exactly 393 studies were taken into consideration. Then, after analyzing titles and abstracts of said studies, 361 were excluded. Only 32 studies ended up being selected for in-depth screening, after which 21 of them were included in this study. All studies reported the antifungal effectiveness of aPDT with TBO against C. albicans and non-albicans Candida. In studies conducted with planktonic cells, only one study showed eradication of C. albicans. All others showed partial elimination and only one of them was not statistically significant. Experiments on yeast biofilms, in all cases, showed partial, statistically significant cell growth inhibition and weight reduction (a reduction in the number of cells—mainly hyphae) and the mass of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). In vivo aPDT mediated by TBO exhibits antifungal effects against oral Candida spp.; however, its clinical effectiveness as a potent therapeutic strategy for oral yeast infections requires further investigation.

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Primasari, Putri Intan, Dwi Murtiastutik, Pepy Dwi Endraswari, Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa, and Evy Ervianti. "Comparison of In Vitro Testing Antifungal Activity between Rosemary Essentials Oil and Fluconazol on Candida species Isolate from HIV/AIDS Patients with Candidiasis Oral." Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin 32, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bikk.v32.3.2020.182-188.

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Background: The most common opportunistic infection obtained in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is Oral Candidiasis (OC). Currently widely reported about increased fluconazole resistance, as a therapy that is often used in patients with HIV/AIDS with OC. For this reason, effective antifungal agents are needed as alternative therapies. Several studies have reported some antifungal activity from rosemary essential oils. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antifungal activity between rosemary essential oils and fluconazole against the isolates used by Candida sp. taken from HIV / AIDS patients with OC. Methods: This research was an experimental laboratory study with a post-test only design of 40 Candida sp. isolates from HIV / AIDS patients with OC in the Outpatient Unit and Inpatient Installation of the Infectious Disease Intermediate Care Unit (UPIPI) Dr. Soetomo General Academic Teaching Hospital, Surabaya. Examination of antifungal activity using conventional test methods with disk diffusion. Result: Disk diffusion test result revealed average inhibition zone of rosemary essential oil in Candida albicans 1,75±3,64 mm and Candida non-albicans 1,5±3,08 mm, while the average inhibition zone of fluconazole in Candida albicans 17,9±8,62 mm and Candida non-albicans 4,85±7,9 mm. There was significant difference (p <0.001) between the inhibition zone formed in Candida albicans by fluconazole and rosemary essential oil, but no significant difference of inhibition zone formed in Candida non-albicans. Conclusion: Antifungal activity fluconazole has greater than Rosemary essential oils in Candida albicans.

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Rodolico, Vito, Paola Di Carlo, Gaspare Gulotta, Francesco D'Arpa, Giuseppe Salamone, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Antonino Agrusa, Anna Giammanco, and Consolato Sergi. "Intra-abdominal Candida spp infection in acute abdomen in a quality assurance (QA)-certified academic setting." Journal of Clinical Pathology 70, no. 7 (December 9, 2016): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203936.

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AimsTo evaluate the contribution of light microscopy to detecting Candida spp infection in patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) admitted for acute abdomen to a quality assurance (QA)-certified surgical emergency ward.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study (2008–2012) of 809 abdominal intraoperative or biopsy tissue specimens obtained from patients admitted with acute abdomen and microbiological samples positive for Candida spp. Demographic data, mortality, comorbidities, specimen type, microscopy results, special histological staining performed, antimicrobial therapy were collected and analysed. Any comments at the multidisciplinary team meeting was recorded in minutes of and approved.ResultsSixty-six patients with complicated IAIs due to Candida spp were identified (39 male, 27 female, mean±SD age 75±20 years). Candida albicans was isolated in 35 cases and Candida non-albicans spp in 31 cases. Candida spp were isolated from blood in 50% of all selected microbiological specimens. Patients were stratified according to Candida spp (albicans vs non-albicans), underlying cancer disease and no previous antimicrobial administration, and a positive correlation with C. albicans isolation was found (p=0.009 and p=0.048, respectively). Out of 41 cases with microscopic evaluation, we identified yeast forms, pseudohyphae or both, indicative of Candida spp, in 23. Identification of Candida spp in histological specimens was higher in C. albicans cases than in C. non-albicans cases (73% vs 37.5%). Microscopy allowed prompt treatment of all patients.ConclusionsLight microscopy still has great diagnostic significance, being a solid QA step. It provides rapid information and clues in patients who may harbour impaired defence mechanisms, concurrent chronic conditions and/or cancer.

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Bintari, Ni Wayan Desi, Ika Setyapurwanti, Ni Luh Putu Devhy, Anak Agung Oka Widana, and Diah Prihatiningsih. "SCREENING Candida albicans PENYEBAB KANDIDIASIS ORAL DAN EDUKASI ORAL HYGIENE PADA LANSIA DI PANTI SOSIAL TRESNA WERDHA WANA SERAYA BALI." Jurnal Pengabdian Kesehatan 3, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31596/jpk.v3i1.65.

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Sebagian besar kelompok lansia di Indonesia diketahui memiliki pengetahuan dan kesadaran yang kurang terhadap infeksi yang mungkin terjadi pada rongga mulut. Padahal pada fase lansia seseorang mengalami penurunan fungsi imun tubuh yang mendorong infeksi oppurtunistik salah satunya kandidiasis oral. Penyuluhan terkait oral hygiene sangat perlu dilakukan untuk mendorong terjadinya perubahan perilaku dari aspek pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan lansia dalam menjaga kesehatan rongga mulut. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan untuk melakukan screening Candida albicans penyebab kandidiasis oral dan melakukan edukasi melalui pendekatan personal approach terkait oral hygiene pada lansia. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Wana Seraya Bali. Jumlah lansia yang mengikuti kegiatan sebanyak 33 orang dimana sebanyak 12 orang bersedia diambil sampel swab mukosa mulutnya untuk dilakukan isolasi dan identifikasi Candida albicans. Hasil screening terhadap Candida albicans didapatkan 2 hasil kultur positif sehingga diduga terdapat lansia yang terindikasi kandidiasis oral dan perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan lebih lanjut. Edukasi terkait oral hygiene yang diberikan kepada lansia meliputi penyuluhan kebersihan gigi dan mulut, menyikat gigi, pemeliharaan gigi palsu, pengaturan diet untuk menjaga kesehatan rongga mulut dan infeksi pada rongga mulut. Selama pelaksanaan penyuluhan lansia sangat antusias mengikuti kegiatan dan diharapkan lansia bisa terus melaksanakan oral hygiene sebagai kebiasaan sehari-hari. Kata Kunci : Oral hygiene, Candida albicans, Lansia

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Coste, A. T., A. Kritikos, J. Li, N. Khanna, D. Goldenberger, C. Garzoni, C. Zehnder, et al. "Emerging echinocandin-resistant Candida albicans and glabrata in Switzerland." Infection 48, no. 5 (July 13, 2020): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01475-8.

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Abstract Echinocandins represent the first-line therapy of candidemia. Echinocandin resistance among Candida spp. is mainly due to acquired FKS mutations. In this study, we report the emergence of FKS-mutant Candida albicans/glabrata in Switzerland and provide the microbiological and clinical characteristics of 9 candidemic episodes. All patients were previously exposed to echinocandins (median 26 days; range 15–77). Five patients received initial echinocandin therapy with persistent candidemia in 4 of them. Overall mortality was 33%.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Candida albicans – diet therapy'

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