Journal articles on the topic 'Candian Charter'
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1
Brennan, Daniel. "Cultivated character: Voltaire and Karel Čapek on the good gardener." Ethics & Bioethics 10, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2020): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2020-0016.
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AbstractThe paper unpacks the nuanced ethical potential in the metaphor of gardening that is depicted in Karel Čapek’s The Gardener’s Year, and the relevance of Čapek’s metaphor for understanding Voltaire’s famously ambiguous ending to Candide. Against more pessimistic or passive accounts of what Candide could have meant, the paper agrees with scholars who consider Candide’s maxim as meaning to engage in active, and communal practise of character development. By using Čapek’s much fuller account of the gardener in the practice of cultivation to fill in the gaps in Voltaire’s account, the paper shows that gardening is a rich metaphor of the virtuous person engaged in lifelong character cultivation.
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Dynowska, Maria. "The Occurrence of some Candida fungi genus in people respiratory system of Olsztyn district." Acta Mycologica 26, no. 1 (August 20, 2014): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1990.004.
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Ceccato-Antonini, Sandra Regina, Luiz Carlos Moreira Cremonini, and Christine Regenfuss. "'Killer' character of yeasts isolated from ethanolic fermentations." Scientia Agricola 56, no. 3 (July 1999): 631–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90161999000300017.
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The number of killer, neutral and sensitive yeasts was determined from strains isolated from substrates related to alcoholic fermentations. From 113 isolates, 24 showed killer activity against NCYC 1006 (standard sensitive strain), while 30 were sensitive to NCYC 738 (standard killer strain), and 59 had no reaction in assays at 25-27°C. Two wild yeast strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and one of Candida colliculosa were tested against 10 standard killer strains and one standard sensitive strain in a cell x cell and well-test assays at four different pHs. None of the isolates displayed strong killer activity or were sensitive to the standard strains. All belonged to the neutral type. It was concluded that although the number of killer strains was high, this character cannot be used to protect ethanol fermentation processes against yeast contaminants like those which form cell clusters.
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Park, Sang E., Antony Raj Periathamby, and Juan C. Loza. "Effect of surface-charged poly(methyl methacrylate) on the adhesion of Candida albicans1." Journal of Prosthodontics 12, no. 4 (December 2003): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1059-941x(03)00107-4.
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Chabot-Plante, Francine, Maurice Hébert, and H. E. L. Waslander. "Prolégomènes à toute appréciation critique de CANDIDE." L'Actualité économique 51, no. 4 (July 20, 2009): 521–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800644ar.
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Abstract This text describes the CANDIDE model from three critical points of view. First, it presents the structure of the model with the aid of a table of "supersectors" and a flow chart. The discussion of the linkages between these supersectors brings out the general equilibrium character of the model. The center section of the paper deals with the theoretical foundations of the behavioural equations. A statement of the equation specification in each sector of the model is followed by a brief evaluation. The authors confess to an eclectic attitude and stress the practical difficulties of making stylized theories bring order in variegated facts. Exogenous influences on the model are discussed as well. The same eclectic approach is evident in the third part of the text which treats of estimation and validation. A variety of tests and checks—some novel ones included—are applied in the process of developing the model. The authors conclude with the observation that recent tumultuous developments in the economy raise fundamental questions about the validity and usefulness of models like CANDIDE.
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Shcherbakov, Ivan, Nina Leontieva, Nina Gracheva, V. S. Filippov, N. A. Vinogradov, and O. A. Filippova. "The morphology of the mucous membrane of the stomach at the its contamination of helicobacter, cryptosporidium and fungi of the species Candida in patients with irritable bowel syndrome." MORPHOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20340/mv-mn.17(25).01.03.
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It is recognized the leading role of H. Pylori in the aetiology and pathogenesis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, it is established morphological features of changes in the mucosa at mono-infection. However, lesions of the stomach may have mixed infectious character, changing the course of the main disease. The aim of the research is to investigate the statement of the mucous membrane in its contamination with H. Pylori, Fungi of the species Candida, cryptosporidium in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Biopsies of the mucous membrane of different stomach parts were studied, using conventional methods of dyeing with further evaluation of the results. Pathological changes in the stomach mucosa were depended on the localization of the process, the measure of contamination, and the presence of various life forms of pyloric Helicobacter whereas cryptosporidium and fungi of the species Candida (non-invasive form) did not influence essentially.
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Venditti, Iole, Cleofe Palocci, Laura Chronopoulou, Ilaria Fratoddi, Laura Fontana, Marco Diociaiuti, and Maria Vittoria Russo. "Candida rugosa lipase immobilization on hydrophilic charged gold nanoparticles as promising biocatalysts: Activity and stability investigations." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 131 (July 2015): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.04.046.
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Bormpoudaki, Maria. "Evidence of Dominican Imagery and Cultural Identities on Venetian Crete at the Time of the Revolt of St Titus." Frankokratia 3, no. 2 (November 18, 2022): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895931-12340021.
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Abstract Current discourse on Latin imagery in rural Greek churches in Venetian Crete is habitually focused on images of St Francis. The explanations offered by scholars concerning his appearances in this context usually revolve around Francis’s perceived interconfessional appeal, but the introduction of another Latin saint from a different mendicant order into the monumental art of Byzantine character on Crete revises this picture significantly. The present article discusses images of Dominican saints found in Cretan churches of the Venetian period. With statutes promulgated in 1254 and 1256, the General Chapter of the Dominicans encouraged the veneration of Dominican saints through the dissemination of their images, and the representation of St Peter Martyr in his eponymous church in Candia clearly constitutes a visual testimony to this policy. At the same time, the portrait of St Peter Martyr in the Greek (Orthodox) church of St George in the village of Apostoloi in Pediada (in the wider Candia region) provides grounds for a discussion of cultural difference in Venetian Crete, as well as for the interaction between the Latin and Greek communities around the time of the revolt of St Titus. In my view, this representation, which is currently the only known example in a Greek church, should be re-examined in light of the prominent Venetian presence in the aforementioned region and the specificity of the local context.
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Jastrzębska, Aleksandra, and Witold Jakubowski. "Can titanium anodization lead to the formation of antimicrobial surfaces?" Acta Innovations, no. 26 (January 1, 2018): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.26.2.
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In recent years, there has been observed a growing need for novel, multifunctional materials that would not only replace, but also heal the damaged tissues. In this paper, the titanium dioxide films manufactured by anodic oxidation method are investigated. The study of their structurization and antimicrobial properties of the coatings is presented. Samples anodized in water solutions of ethylene glycol exhibited various character -from structurized to porous ones. As the study revealed, all samples acted anti-adhesive in terms of bacterial (Escherichia coli) and fungal (Candida albicans) surface colonisation.
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Neretti, Gabriele, Anna C. Ricchiuto, Roberta Galuppi, Giovanni Poglayen, Benedetto Morandi, Ester Marotta, Cristina Paradisi, Francesco Tampieri, and Carlo A. Borghi. "Indirect Inactivation of Candida guilliermondii by Using a Plasma Synthetic Jet Actuator: Effect of Advected Charged Particles." Plasma Medicine 8, no. 3 (2018): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/plasmamed.2018028140.
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Solovieva, Vera V. "Phytodiversity of the Irgiz Floodplain nature monument." Samara Journal of Science 9, no. 3 (November 20, 2020): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv202093121.
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The Bolshoy Irgiz River is 375 km long and has a catchment area of 24 thousand km, including the Orenburg Region and the Samara Region. The flora contains 64 species of plants: 14 belong to the class of monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and 48 belong to the class of dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida), the most numerous families by the number of species are Lamiaceae (5), Cyperaceae (5), Potamogetonaceae (5), Polygonaceae (4), Poaceae (4). The ecological spectrum of the flora is represented by hydrophytes (20 species), helophytes (8), hygrohelophytes (5), hygrophytes (19) and mesophytes (12). These are mainly broad-area species of the Eurasian (23), Holarctic (23) and pluriregional (11) ranges. There are only 7 species of plants with narrow range borders. In economic terms the flora consists of 28 species of medicinal plants, as well as forage (23), tanning (15), food (14), dye (13), honey (12), ornamental (11) and poisonous (8) plants. Vegetation is represented by 17 formations and is represented by the coastal-aquatic vegetation type and two subtypes: coastal and aquatic vegetation. The first subtype contains formations: Phragmiteta australis, Typheta angustifolitae, Scirpeta lacustris, Sagittarieta sagittifoliae, Persicarieta amphibii, Alismateta plantago-aquaticae. The second subtype contains: Nymphaeeta candidae, Nuphareta luteae, Potameta lucentis, Potameta perfoliati, Potameta crispus, Lemneta minori, Salvinieta natantis, Hydrocharieta morsus-ranae, Spirodeleta polyrhizi, Lemneta trisulcae, Ceratophylleta demersi. Coastal plant communities are characterized by a 23-tier structure, a high degree of projective coverage, and a relatively high abundance of species (from 15 to 26). Water phytocoenoses are poor in species composition, have a spotty character of overgrowth and 12 tiered structure. The Irgiz Floodplain nature monument requires compliance with the stipulated protection measures in order to preserve the habitat of rare plant populations Nuhar luteum L., Nymphaea candida J. et C. Presl., Salvinia natans L. (All.), Cicuta virosa L., Najas major All. Descriptions of phytocenoses were carried out according to the generally accepted method of geobotanical research in the summer of 2018, while tiering, abundance, projective cover and vitality were noted as well as all species included in plant communities were registered.
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Romanova, A. V. "«…The Circle Where She Lived…»: Possible Prototypes of Sofi a Belovodova." Russkaya literatura 2 (2020): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2020-2-207-208.
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The article outlines the possible prototypes of one of the characters of I. A. Goncharov’s novel "The Precipice" — Sofi a Belovodova. The author of the novel arguably left no evidence concerning any prototypes for this character, and claimed that the image was artifi cial. Nevertheless, years of research by the Goncharov scholars made it possible to pinpoint several persons in the writer’s entourage who might have been involved in prototype situations that corresponded to the plot of the novel. These are E. V. Sukhovo-Kobylina (Evgenia Tur) and N. I. Nadezhdin (in the position of Teacher Yelnin), E. I. Drutskaya-Sokolinskaya, E. V. Tolstaya (and Goncharov himself in the position of Rajskii), Princess Z. A. Volkonskaya and Count Miniato Ricci (in the position of Milari), as well as Count Giovanni Matteo de Candia (Giovanni Mario) (separately, in the position of Milari).
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Kutyreva, M. P., N. A. Ulakhovich, G. Sh Usmanova, G. A. Kutyrev, N. I. Glushko, and E. V. Khaldeeva. "Biochemical activity hyperbranched poliol Boltorn H20 and polycarboxyBoltorn H20 in relation to aspartic proteinase of Candida albicans." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 56, no. 5 (2010): 552–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20105605552.
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Hyperbranched polyol Boltorn H20 and polycarboxyBoltorn H20 synthesized on its multifunctional nanoscaffold influence catalytic activity of aspartic proteinase Candida albicans (C. alb.). The results of study catalytic activity proteinase C. alb. in relation to hemoglobin at presence Boltorn Н20 show, that the effect of activation is mainly observed. The inhibition effect much more poorly also has dot character. PolycarboxyBoltorn H20 render activating effect in area of high concentration (1×10-3 - 5×10-4 M), however this effect is stronger (140%). A kinetic parameters enzyme proteolysis of hemoglobin (the maximal speed (Vm) and Mikhaelis constant (Km)) are estimated, seeming types are certain and constants at presence Boltorn H20 and policarboxyBoltorn H20 are calculated.
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Rocha, André Ricardo Ferreira da Silva, João Victor da Costa Santos, Rodrigo Henrique Moura, Eliana Campelo Lago, and Francisca Lúcia de Lima. "Prospecting of anti-Candida bioactive in Origanum vulgare L. artisanal essential oil." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 14 (October 31, 2021): e220101421758. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i14.21758.
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Candida albicans is a yeast belonging to the normal microbiota of the human body, considered the most pathogenic species of the genus. It is the main microorganism related to candidiasis. Essential oils of Origanum vulgare have phenolic compounds, such as thymol and carvacrol, which have an effective antimycobacterial character at certain concentrations, but little is known about its biological activity in artisanal preparation. Thus, we evaluated the resistance of standard strains of opportunistic yeast C. albicans against in vitro antifungal activity of artisanal extract of O. vulgare. An inoculum of the challenger was subjected to different concentrations of the fungicidal agent in solidified Muller Hinton and broth followed by incubation at 35°C. The oil was prepared in a manner similar to a possible homemade procedure, and was further sterilized to ensure homogeneity of the indicator. The readings were performed in two days every 24 hours so that there were different possible moments of growth. The tests, which occurred in triplicate, showed that, under experimental conditions, the yeast was resistant to the essential oil compounds at all observed concentrations. Morphological variation was observed in both colonies and yeast cells. Based on analyzes, the artisanal essential oil is incorporated as a promising candidate for the development of antimycotics for clinical use, although in vivo tests are required.
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Chiriac, Aurica P., Alina Gabriela Rusu, Loredana Elena Nita, Ana-Maria Macsim, Nita Tudorachi, Irina Rosca, Iuliana Stoica, Daniel Tampu, Magdalena Aflori, and Florica Doroftei. "Synthesis of Poly(Ethylene Brassylate-Co-squaric Acid) as Potential Essential Oil Carrier." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040477.
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Bio-based compounds are a leading direction in the context of the increased demand for these materials due to the numerous advantages associated with their use over conventional materials, which hardly degrade in the environment. At the same time, the use of essential oils and their components is generated mainly by finding alternative solutions to antibiotics and synthetic preservatives due to their bioactive characteristics, but also to their synergistic capacity during the manifestation of different biological properties. The present study is devoted to poly(ethylene brassylate-co-squaric acid) (PEBSA), synthesis and its use for thymol encapsulation and antibacterial system formation. The synthesized copolymer, performed through ethylene brassylate macrolactone ring-opening and copolymerization with squaric acid, was physicochemical characterized. Its amphiphilic character allowed the entrapment of thymol (Ty), a natural monoterpenoid phenol found in oil of thyme, a compound with strong antiseptic properties. The copolymer chemical structure was confirmed by spectroscopic analyses. Thermal analysis evidenced a good thermal stability for the copolymer. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of PEBSA_Ty complex was investigated against eight different reference strains namely: bacterial strains—Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumonie ATCC 10031 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, yeast strains represented by Candida albicans ATCC10231 and Candida glabrata ATCC 2001, and the fungal strain Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC9642.
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Kesic, Ljiljana, Radojka Delic, Dragan Mihailovic, Milica Petrovic, and Tijana Delic. "Morphologic and morphometric analysis of alternations in the oral cavity caused by Candida albicans: Experimental work." Medical review 67, no. 5-6 (2014): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1406149k.
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Introduction. Candidiasis has become a human disease of increasing importance in the last decades. The aim of the study is to establish pathomorphological alterations caused by the blastospores of the Candida albicans as well as morphometric alterations. Material and Methods. The experiment was carried out on 2.5-month-old rats, weighting 110-130 g. The study sample was divided into the animals infected by a submucous inoculation in the periodontal region and the controls. The gingival specimens were taken, preparations were done and stained by the hematoxylin-eosin and Periodic acid Schiff methods. Results. The following alterations were found out by the stereological analysis: an average volume of nuclei of the gingival epithelial cells was 111.82 ?m3 (SD=25.34) on the first day. A statistically significant increase in the volume of nuclei in the experimental group began to occur from the fourth day (202.97 ?m3; SD=31.16, p<0.05) and the highest value of the nuclei volume was found out on the eight day of the experiment (316.83 ?m3; SD=40.15). Conclusion. Blastospores of Candida albicans are pathogenic for the gingival tissue where they cause degenerative necrotic alterations of the granulomatous character and after the fourth day from the inoculation, the development of the pseudohyphae was observed. The obtained values of stereologic measurement show the acute increase in the volume of nuclei.
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Shpulina, Olga, and Natalia Dorofeeva. "STOMATOLOGIC STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF MAXILLOFACIAL REGION UNDERGOING CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY." CBU International Conference Proceedings 1 (June 30, 2013): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v1.46.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the early acute side effects following radiation and chemotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), namely: to ascertain main patient complaints; to investigate saliva properties and to determine the microecology of the oral cavity in patient with HNC before and after radiation and chemotherapy. Eighteen patients with HNC which were prescribed gamma therapy on two buccal submandibular fields combined with close-focus roentgenotherapy and methotrexate as a cytostatic were examined. It was established that 3 weeks after the radio- and chemotherapy 100 % of patients pointed at xerostomia, dysgeusia, disturbances during speech, burning, pricking and itching in oral cavity. After cancer treatment the speed of salivation decreased two times and pH was 15 % lower than before radio and chemotherapy. Anti-cancer treatment caused significant decrease of lysozyme level (34 % lower) and secretory immunoglobulin A (1,5 times lower) in patients with HNC. After radio and chemotherapy different fungi of Candida genus from oral cavity were inoculated in high concentrations (from 4,0 ± 0.07 to 6,9 ± 0.07 lg CFU/ml), such as С. Аlbicans, C. Kruzei, С. Tropicalis, C. Stellatoidea.Thus significant negative changes from the side of speed and character of salivation, decrease of saliva pH, depression of both non-specific and specific components of immune defense and high contamination of oral mucosa with fungi of Candida genus considerably worsenpost-cancer rehabilitation.
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Lara, Humberto H., and Jose L. Lopez-Ribot. "Inhibition of Mixed Biofilms of Candida albicans and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Positively Charged Silver Nanoparticles and Functionalized Silicone Elastomers." Pathogens 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100784.
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Both bacterial and fungal organisms display the ability to form biofilms; however, mixed bacterial/fungal biofilms are particularly difficult to control and eradicate. The opportunistic microbial pathogens Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus are among the most frequent causative agents of healthcare-acquired infections, and are often co-isolated forming mixed biofilms, especially from contaminated catheters. These mixed species biofilms display a high level of antibiotic resistance; thus, these infections are challenging to treat resulting in excess morbidity and mortality. In the absence of effective conventional antibiotic treatments, nanotechnology-based approaches represent a promising alternative for the treatment of highly recalcitrant polymicrobial biofilm infections. Our group has previously reported on the activity of pure positively charged silver nanoparticles synthesized by a novel microwave technique against single-species biofilms of C. albicans and S. aureus. Here, we have expanded our observations to demonstrate that that silver nanoparticles display dose-dependent activity against dual-species C. albicans/S. aureus biofilms. Moreover, the same nanoparticles were used to functionalize catheter materials, leading to the effective inhibition of the mixed fungal/bacterial biofilms. Overall, our results indicate the potent activity of silver nanoparticles against these cross-kingdom biofilms. More studies are warranted to examine the ability of functionalized catheters in the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections.
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Iordache, O., E. C. Tanasescu, I. Sandulache, C. Lite, L. O. Secareanu, and E. Perdum. "ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF FIR FUNCTIONALIZED TEXTILE MATERIALS." TEXTEH Proceedings 2021 (October 20, 2021): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.57.
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Far Infrared (FIR) functionalized textile materials are enjoying a special attention nowadays, as a viable and practical solution for treating a wide range of medical conditions (relief of acute or chronic inflammation and circulatory problems, prevention of microbial infections, improvement of nervous system functions, reduction of skin lipids, improvement of blood circulation, removal of accumulated toxins by improving lymphatic circulation etc.). At the molecular level, FIR compounds and functionalized materials exert strong rotational and vibrational effects, with beneficial biological potential. These materials are based on the principle of absorbing light energy and then irradiating this energy back into the body at specific wavelengths. FIR functionalized textile materials are a new category of functional textiles that have the potential to improve well-being and health. Present paper explored the antimicrobial potential of four textile materials, functionalized with FIR, UV protection and antimicrobial functionalization compounds, tested according to two methods for assessment of antimicrobial character: a testing method in dynamic conditions and a testing method in static conditions. The evaluation of the antimicrobial character showed very good rates of reduction of the microbial population, of the functionalized textile materials, following the testing on four strains of pathogenic fungi: Candida albicans, Epydermophyton floccosum, Tricophyton interdigitale and Aspergillus niger, with reduction rates between 76.16% and 96.06%.
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Bettencourt, Sara, Catarina Miranda, Tatiana A. Pozdniakova, Paula Sampaio, Ricardo Franco-Duarte, and Célia Pais. "Single Cell Oil Production by Oleaginous Yeasts Grown in Synthetic and Waste-Derived Volatile Fatty Acids." Microorganisms 8, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 1809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111809.
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Four yeast isolates from the species—Apiotrichum brassicae, Candida tropicalis, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, and Pichia kudriavzevii—previously selected by their oleaginous character and growth flexibility in different carbon sources, were tested for their capacity to convert volatile fatty acids into lipids, in the form of single cell oils. Growth, lipid yields, volatile fatty acids consumption, and long-chain fatty acid profiles were evaluated in media supplemented with seven different volatile fatty acids (acetic, butyric, propionic, isobutyric, valeric, isovaleric, and caproic), and also in a dark fermentation effluent filtrate. Yeasts A. brassicae and P. kudriavzevii attained lipid productivities of more than 40% (w/w), mainly composed of oleic (>40%), palmitic (20%), and stearic (20%) acids, both in synthetic media and in the waste-derived effluent filtrate. These isolates may be potential candidates for single cell oil production in larger scale applications by using alternative carbon sources, combining economic and environmental benefits.
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Padilla, Beatriz, Jose Gil, and Paloma Manzanares. "Challenges of the Non-Conventional Yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus in Winemaking." Fermentation 4, no. 3 (August 20, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation4030068.
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Nowadays it is widely accepted that non-Saccharomyces yeasts, which prevail during the early stages of alcoholic fermentation, contribute significantly to the character and quality of the final wine. Among these yeasts, Wickerhamomyces anomalus (formerly Pichia anomala, Hansenula anomala, Candida pelliculosa) has gained considerable importance for the wine industry since it exhibits interesting and potentially exploitable physiological and metabolic characteristics, although its growth along fermentation can still be seen as an uncontrollable risk. This species is widespread in nature and has been isolated from different environments including grapes and wines. Its use together with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed culture fermentations has been proposed to increase wine particular characteristics. Here, we review the ability of W. anomalus to produce enzymes and metabolites of oenological relevance and we discuss its potential as a biocontrol agent in winemaking. Finally, biotechnological applications of W. anomalus beyond wine fermentation are briefly described.
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Cooper, David J. "Water and soil chemistry, floristics, and phytosociology of the extreme rich High Creek fen, in South Park, Colorado, U.S.A." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 11 (November 1, 1996): 1801–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-217.
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An extreme rich fen complex located in South Park, Colorado, is the most southern representative of this ecosystem type known in North America and the first described from the Southern Rocky Mountains. The fen is fed by ground water emerging from glacial outwash and has pH ranging from 7.6 to 8.3 and Ca2+ concentrations greater than 50 mg kg−1. The very low precipitation–evapotranspiration ratio in South Park causes Na+ and Mg2+ salts to accumulate in some soils, forming sodic peats that support halophyte communities. Character species of this fen include Kobresia simpliciuscula, Trichophorum pumilum, Carex scirpoidea, Carex microglochin, Carex livida, Utricularia ochroleuca, Triglochin palustris, Triglochin maritima, Salix Candida, Salix myrtillifolia, Salix serissima, Thalictrum alpinum, and Scorpidium scorpioides. A hierarchical classification of the vegetation is developed using numerical and table methods and includes 14 aquatic, peatland expanse, and salt flat communities. The most floristically similar fens occur in northern Ontario, northwestern Wyoming, and northern Montana. Keywords: peatland, extreme rich fen, South Park, Colorado, Rocky Mountains.
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BROEK, Peter J. A. van den, Angeline E. van GOMPEL, Marijke A. H. LUTTIK, Jack T. PRONK, and Carla C. M. van LEEUWEN. "Mechanism of glucose and maltose transport in plasma-membrane vesicles from the yeast Candida utilis." Biochemical Journal 321, no. 2 (January 15, 1997): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3210487.
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Transport of glucose and maltose was studied in plasma-membrane vesicles from Candida utilis. The yeast was grown on a mixture of glucose and maltose in aerobic carbon-limited continuous cultures which enabled transport to be studied for both sugars with the same vesicles. Vesicles were prepared by fusion of isolated plasma membranes with proteoliposomes containing bovine heart cytochrome coxidase as a proton-motive-force-generating system. Addition of reduced cytochrome cgenerated a proton-motive force, consisting of a membrane potential, negative inside, and a pH gradient, alkaline inside. Energization led to accumulation of glucose and maltose in these vesicles, reaching accumulation ratios of about 40Ő50. Accumulation also occurred in the presence of valinomycin or nigericin, but was prevented by a combination of the two ionophores or by uncoupler, showing that glucose and maltose transport are dependent on the proton-motive force. Comparison of sugar accumulation with quantitative data on the proton-motive force indicated a 1:1 H+/sugar stoichiometry for both transport systems. Efflux of accumulated glucose was observed on dissipation of the proton-motive force. Exchange and counterflow experiments confirmed the reversible character of the H+Őglucose symporter. In contrast, uncoupler or a mixture of valinomycin plus nigericin induced only a slow efflux of accumulated maltose. Moreover under counterflow conditions, the expected transient accumulation was small. Thus the H+Őmaltose symporter has some characteristics of a carrier that is not readily reversible. It is concluded that in C. utilisthe transport systems for glucose and maltose are both driven by the proton-motive force, but the mechanisms are different.
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Mendes, Josiara Furtado, Ana Paula Neuschrank Albano, Marco Antônio A. Coimbra, Gracialda Ferreira de Ferreira, Carolina Lambrecht Gonçalves, Patrícia da Silva Nascente, and João Roberto Braga de Mello. "FUNGI ISOLATED FROM THE EXCRETA OF WILD BIRDS IN SCREENING CENTERS IN PELOTAS, RS, BRAZIL." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 56, no. 6 (December 2014): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652014000600012.
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The identification of the fungal species belonging to the healthy microflora in animals is a precondition for the recognition of pathological processes causing them. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of potentially pathogenic fungi in the feces of wild birds collected in Screening Centers. Samples were collected from the feces of 50 cages with different species of birds. The samples were processed according to the modified method STAIB and the plates incubated at 32 °C for up to ten days with daily observation for detection of fungal growth. The isolation of the following species was observed: Malassezia pachydermatis, Candida albicans, C. famata, C. guilliermondii, C. sphaerica, C. globosa, C. catenulata, C. ciferri, C. intermedia, Cryptococcus laurentii, Trichosporon asahii, Geotrichum klebahnii, Aspergillus spp., A. niger and Penicillium spp. Knowing the character of some opportunistic fungi is important in identifying them, facilitating the adoption of preventive measures, such as proper cleaning of cages, since the accumulation of excreta may indicate a risk for both health professionals and centers for screening public health.
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DUDEK, MIROSŁAW R., and JÓZEF MLECZKO. "EXPLANATION OF THE REACTION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES WITH CANDIDA ALBICANS CELL SURFACE IN TERMS OF COMPOUND POISSON PROCESS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 15, no. 05 (June 2004): 637–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183104006108.
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Surprisingly, still very little is known about the mathematical modeling of peaks in the binding affinities distribution function. In general, it is believed that the peaks represent antibodies directed towards single epitopes. In this paper, we refer to fluorescence flow cytometry experiments and show that even monoclonal antibodies can display multi-modal histograms of affinity distribution. This result take place when some obstacles appear in the paratope–epitope reaction such that the process of reaching the specific epitope ceases to be a point Poisson process. A typical example is the large area of cell surface, which could be unreachable by antibodies leading to the heterogeneity of the cell surface repletion. In this case the affinity of cells to bind the antibodies should be described by a more complex process than the pure-Poisson point process. We suggested to use a doubly stochastic Poisson process, where the points are replaced by a binomial point process resulting in the Neyman distribution. The distribution can have a strongly multinomial character, and with the number of modes depending on the concentration of antibodies and epitopes. All this means that there is a possibility to go beyond the simplified theory, one response towards one epitope. As a consequence, our description provides perspectives for describing antigen–antibody reactions, both qualitatively and quantitavely, even in the case when some peaks result from more than one binding mechanism.
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de Oliveira, Aldo S., David L. Palomino-Salcedo, Eduardo Zapp, Daniela Brondani, Thaynara D. Hoppe, Patrícia B. Brondani, Lidiane Meier, Susana Johann, Leonardo L. G. Ferreira, and Adriano D. Andricopulo. "Molecular Docking and Quantum Studies of Lawsone Dimers Derivatives: New Investigation of Antioxidant Behavior and Antifungal Activity." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026620666191223092723.
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Background: In general, fungal species are characterized by their opportunistic character and can trigger various infections in immunocompromised hosts. The emergence of infections associated with high mortality rates is due to the resistance mechanisms that these species develop. Methods: This phenomenon of resistance denotes the need for the development of new and effective therapeutic approaches. In this paper, we report the investigation of the antioxidant and antifungal behavior of dimeric naphthoquinones derived from lawsone whose antimicrobial and antioxidant potential has been reported in the literature. Results: Seven fungal strains were tested, and the antioxidant potential was tested using the combination of the methodologies: reducing power, total antioxidant capacity and cyclic voltammetry. Molecular docking studies (PDB ID 5V5Z and 1EA1) were conducted which allowed the derivation of structureactivity relationships (SAR). Compound 1-i, derived from 3-methylfuran-2-carbaldehyde showed the highest antifungal potential with an emphasis on the inhibition of Candida albicans species (MIC = 0.5 µg/mL) and the highest antioxidant potential. Conclusion: A combination of molecular modeling data and in vitro assays can help to find new solutions to this major public health problem.
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Pérez, María E., Javier E. Durantini, Eugenia Reynoso, María G. Alvarez, María E. Milanesio, and Edgardo N. Durantini. "Porphyrin–Schiff Base Conjugates Bearing Basic Amino Groups as Antimicrobial Phototherapeutic Agents." Molecules 26, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 5877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195877.
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New porphyrin–Schiff base conjugates bearing one (6) and two (7) basic amino groups were synthesized by condensation between tetrapyrrolic macrocycle-containing amine functions and 4-(3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)benzaldehyde. This approach allowed us to easily obtain porphyrins substituted by positive charge precursor groups in aqueous media. These compounds showed the typical Soret and four Q absorption bands with red fluorescence emission (ΦF ~ 0.12) in N,N-dimethylformamide. Porphyrins 6 and 7 photosensitized the generation of O2(1Δg) (ΦΔ ~ 0.44) and the photo-oxidation of L-tryptophan. The decomposition of this amino acid was mainly mediated by a type II photoprocess. Moreover, the addition of KI strongly quenched the photodynamic action through a reaction with O2(1Δg) to produce iodine. The photodynamic inactivation capacity induced by porphyrins 6 and 7 was evaluated in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Furthermore, the photoinactivation of these microorganisms was improved using potentiation with iodide anions. These porphyrins containing basic aliphatic amino groups can be protonated in biological systems, which provides an amphiphilic character to the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle. This effect allows one to increase the interaction with the cell wall, thus improving photocytotoxic activity against microorganisms.
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Hollande, Louis, Sandra Domenek, and Florent Allais. "Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Renewable Sterically-Hindered Phenolic Antioxidants with Tunable Polarity from Lignocellulose and Vegetal Oil Components." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 3358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113358.
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Despite their great antioxidant activities, the use of natural phenols as antioxidant additives for polyolefins is limited owing to their weak thermal stability and hydrophilic character. Herein, we report a sustainable chemo-enzymatic synthesis of renewable lipophilic antioxidants specifically designed to overcome these restrictions using naturally occurring ferulic acid (found in lignocellulose) and vegetal oils (i.e., lauric, palmitic, stearic acids, and glycerol) as starting materials. A predictive Hansen and Hildebrand parameters-based approach was used to tailor the polarity of newly designed structures. A specific affinity of Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) towards glycerol was demonstrated and exploited to efficiently synthesized the target compounds in yields ranging from 81 to 87%. Antiradical activity as well as radical scavenging behavior (H atom-donation, kinetics) of these new fully biobased additives were found superior to that of well-established, commercially available fossil-based antioxidants such as Irganox 1010® and Irganox 1076®. Finally, their greater thermal stabilities (302 < Td5% < 311 °C), established using thermal gravimetric analysis, combined with their high solubilities and antioxidant activities, make these novel sustainable phenolics a very attractive alternative to current fossil-based antioxidant additives in polyolefins.
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Soares, Giselle A. M., and Hélia H. Sato. "Killer toxin of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y500-4L active against Fleischmann and Itaiquara commercial brands of yeast." Revista de Microbiologia 30, no. 3 (July 1999): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37141999000300012.
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The strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y500-4L, previously selected from the must of alcohol producing plants and showing high fermentative and killer capacities, was characterized according to the interactions between the yeasts and examined for curing and detection of dsRNA plasmids, which code for the killer character. The killer yeast S. cerevisiae Y500-4L showed considerable killer activity against the Fleischmann and Itaiquara commercial brands of yeast and also against the standard killer yeasts K2 (S. diastaticus NCYC 713), K4 (Candida glabrata NCYC 388) and K11 (Torulopsis glabrata ATCC 15126). However S. cerevisiae Y500-4L showed sensitivity to the killer toxin produced by the standard killer yeasts K8 (Hansenula anomala NCYC 435), K9 (Hansenula mrakii NCYC 500), K10 (Kluyveromyces drosophilarum NCYC 575) and K11 (Torulopsis glabrata ATCC 15126). No M-dsRNA plasmid was detected in the S. cerevisiae Y500-4L strain and these results suggest that the genetic basis for toxin production is encoded by chromosomal DNA. The strain S. cerevisiae Y500-4L was more resistant to the loss of the phenotype killer with cycloheximide and incubation at elevated temperatures (40oC) than the standard killer yeast S. cerevisiae K1.
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Alam, Aftab, Rita Singh Majumdar, and Pravej Alam. "Systematics Evaluations of Morphological Traits, Chemical Composition, and Antimicrobial Properties of Selected Varieties of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 12 (December 2019): 1934578X1989268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19892688.
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Elettaria cardamomum is cultivated in the Southern part of India showed great extinct of differences in their morphotypes and chemical compositions. In the present study, we have selected three varieties of Elettaria cardamomum “Valley Green, Palakuzhi, and ICRI”, to analyze the morphological perturbations, chemical compositions, and antimicrobial activities. The differences in the morphological character of cardamom varieties (Valley Green, Palakuzhi, and ICRI) were carried out on the basis of panicles, capsules shape, plant height, tiller, and seeds per capsule. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oils resulted in the identification of 27, 29, 30 compounds representing over 97.4%, 95.2%, and 98.8% of the Valley Green (VG), Palakuzhi (PAL), and ICRI fruit oils respectively. Monoterpene, α-terpinyl acetate varied from 35.4 to 47.5%, a major constituent while 1,8-cineole (22.8% to 27.4%) observed the second major compounds revealed in oils of these cultivars. Further, the antimicrobial activities of each essential oils were performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. The maximum inhibition percentage against the microbes was observed in Valley Green essential oil as compared to oils of other varieties.
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Russo, Pasquale, Maria Tufariello, Raffaela Renna, Mariana Tristezza, Marco Taurino, Lorenzo Palombi, Vittorio Capozzi, Carlo G. Rizzello, and Francesco Grieco. "New Insights into the Oenological Significance of Candida zemplinina: Impact of Selected Autochthonous Strains on the Volatile Profile of Apulian Wines." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (April 26, 2020): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050628.
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In this investigation, we explored the oenological significance of Candida zemplinina (syn. Starmerella bacillaris) isolates from Apulian grape musts. Moreover, we provide the first evidence of the impact of different C. zemplinina strains on the wine aromatic properties tested as monocultures. We described the diversity of C. zemplinina strains isolated from grapes and the variability of ‘volatile’ phenotypes associated with this intraspecific variability. Thirty-three isolates were characterized at strain level by PCR-based approach and, among these, 16 strains were identified and then tested by microfermentation tests carried out in grape must. Analyzed strains were low producers of acetic acid and hydrogen sulphide, not able to decarboxylate a panel of representative amino acids, whereas they showed fructophilic character and significant glycerol production. Volatile profiles of produced wines were investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The Odor Activity Values of all molecules were calculated and 12 compounds showed values above their odor thresholds. Two selected strains (35NC1 and 15PR1) could be considered as possible starter cultures since they were able to positively affect the sensory properties of obtained wine. This report firstly supplies evidence on the strain-specific impact of different C. zemplinina strains on the final aroma of produced wines.
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Maurya, Reeta, Manodeep Sen, Madhup Rastogi, and Somali Sanyal. "Alteration in Oral Flora and Effect of Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemo-radiotherapy." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 2129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.3.53.
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The main aim of this study is to determine the various types of oral bacteria and yeast. Present in oral flora of head and neck cancer patients at different stages of chemo-radiotherapy, and compare it with the control group (patients with contralateral healthy mucosa). Seventy seven patients with proven history of squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study. The oral mucosa profile was assessed for bacterial manifestations in swab samples from both the sites of the patients. The grade of mucositis was charted out for all patients during the second and third week of radiotherapy. The study revealed that all isolated oral flora showed a non-significant increase during radiotherapy, while there was a decrease in oral flora in post RT. However, E. faecalis showed a non- significant decrease during RT, while Citrobacter showed an increase. Candida albicans showed 83% non- significant decrease post- radiotherapy. When these floras were correlated with grade of mucositis, an insignificant increase in flora was found in G2 and G3 stage of mucositis. In this study, the effect of radiation was evaluated on oral flora of head and neck cancer patients and compared with contralateral healthy mucosa of the patients. Various changes were observed during and after radiation therapy. In patients with head and neck cancer the normal oral flora are replaced by pathogenic flora during radiotherapy, and the latter is responsible for infections in post- radiation phase.
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MAYR, Peter, and Bernd NIDETZKY. "Catalytic reaction profile for NADH-dependent reduction of aromatic aldehydes by xylose reductase from Candida tenuis." Biochemical Journal 366, no. 3 (September 15, 2002): 889–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20020080.
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Kinetic substituent effects have been used to examine the catalytic reaction profile of xylose reductase from the yeast Candida tenuis, a representative aldo/keto reductase of primary carbohydrate metabolism. Michaelis—Menten parameters (kcat and Km) for NADH-dependent enzymic aldehyde reductions have been determined using a homologous series of benzaldehyde derivatives in which substituents in meta and para positions were employed to systematically perturb the properties of the reactive carbonyl group. Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) on kcat and kcat/Km for enzymic reactions with meta-substituted benzaldehydes have been obtained by using NADH 2H-labelled in the pro-R C4-H position, and equilibrium constants for the conversion of these aldehydes into the corresponding alcohols (Keq) have been measured in the presence of NAD(H) and enzyme. Aldehyde dissociation constants (Kd) and the hydride transfer rate constant (k7) have been calculated from steady-state rate and KIE data. Quantitative structure—activity relationship analysis was used to factor the observed substituent dependence of kcat/Km into a major electronic effect and a productive positional effect of the para substituent. kcat/Km (after correction for substituent position) and Keq obeyed log-linear correlations over the substituent parameter, Hammett sigma, giving identical slope values (ρ) of +1.4 to +1.7, whereas the same Hammett plot for logKd yielded ρ =-1.5. This leads to the conclusion that electron-withdrawing substituents facilitate the reaction and increase binding to about the same extent. KIE values for kcat (1.8) and kcat/Km (2.7), and likewise k7, showed no substituent dependence. Therefore, irrespective of the observed changes in reactivity over the substrate series studied no shift in the character of the rate-limiting transition state of hydride transfer occurred. The signs and magnitudes of ρ values suggest this transition state to be product-like in terms of charge development at the reactive carbon. Structure—reactivity correlations reveal active-site homologies among NADPH-specific and dual NADPH/NADH-specific yeast xylose reductases and across two aldo/keto reductase families in spite of the phylogenetic separation of the host organisms producing xylose reductase (family 2B) and aldehyde reductase (family 1A).
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Radford, D. R., SJ Challacombe, and J. D. Walter. "Denture Plaque and Adherence of Candida Albicans To Denture-Base Materials in Vivo and in Vitro." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 10, no. 1 (January 1999): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411990100010501.
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The aim of this paper is to review our understanding of the mechanisms and clinical significance of adhesion of C. albicans to denture-base materials in relation to denture plaque and denture-related stomatitis. Earlier reports in the literature of a 65% prevalence level of denture-related stomatitis seem to be exaggerated. More recent studies indicate that denture-related stomatitis is considerably less common, particularly in normal healthy subjects. The etiology of the condition is discussed in this review, and although much of the literature supports the view that the condition is strongly associated with C. albicans, this is not always so. In some subjects, the cause appears to be related to a non-specific plaque. This review also considers the role of denture plaque in the pathogenesis of denture-related stomatitis, the sequential development of denture plaque, and its colonization by Candida organisms. Designing controlled in vivo studies is difficult, and as a consequence, many investigators have had to resort to in vitro studies. The majority of these studies have attempted to investigate the hydrophobicity of C. albicans, relating the surface free-energy of denture-base materials, particularly acrylic resin, to that of the organism. Surprisingly little work has been directed at surface roughness and how it affects retention of organisms. Further, no attention has been paid to the properties and character of the surface, other than average surface roughness, as it affects adhesion. A comparison of results from in vitro studies on the effect on adhesion of pre-coating the surfaces of denture-base materials with saliva has produced equivocal conclusions. This is largely due to little standardization of experimental protocols between studies, particularly in the collection and handling of the saliva used. In conclusion, the review strongly supports the suggestion that adherence of C. albicans to denture-base materials in vitro is related to the hydrophobicity of the organism. The clinical significance of the observation and the mechanisms for the development and maturation of denture plaque are yet to be understood. There is a clear need for further investigation of other factors that may moderate the adhesion of organisms and subsequent colonization of denture-base materials.
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Sowa-Jasiłek, Aneta, Agnieszka Zdybicka-Barabas, Sylwia Stączek, Bożena Pawlikowska-Pawlęga, Katarzyna Grygorczuk-Płaneta, Krzysztof Skrzypiec, Wiesław I. Gruszecki, Paweł Mak, and Małgorzata Cytryńska. "Antifungal Activity of Anionic Defense Peptides: Insight into the Action of Galleria mellonella Anionic Peptide 2." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 6 (March 11, 2020): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061912.
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Anionic antimicrobial peptides constitute an integral component of animal innate immunity, however the mechanisms of their antifungal activity are still poorly understood. The action of a unique Galleria mellonella anionic peptide 2 (AP2) against fungal pathogen Candida albicans was examined using different microscopic techniques and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Although the exposure to AP2 decreased the survival rate of C. albicans cells, the viability of protoplasts was not affected, suggesting an important role of the fungal cell wall in the peptide action. Atomic force microscopy showed that the AP2-treated cells became decorated with numerous small clods and exhibited increased adhesion forces. Intensified lomasome formation, vacuolization, and partial distortion of the cell wall was also observed. FTIR spectroscopy suggested AP2 interactions with the cell surface proteins, leading to destabilization of protein secondary structures. Regardless of the anionic character of the whole AP2 molecule, bioinformatics analyses revealed the presence of amphipathic α-helices with exposed positively charged lysine residues. High content of the α-helical structure was confirmed after deconvolution of the IR absorption spectrum and during circular dichroism measurements. Our results indicated that the antimicrobial properties of G. mellonella AP2 rely on the same general characteristics found in cationic defense peptides.
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Moseev, Dmitry S., Ludmila A. Sergienko, Andrey V. Leshchev, Albert V. Bragin, Roman E. Romanov, and Elena Yu Churakova. "Rare plant communities of lakes and river estuaries of the Arkhangelsk Region." Turczaninowia 24, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 138–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.24.3.11.
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The problem of protecting rare communities in the vegetation cover still remains poorly studied. Currently, it is relevant for aquatic and coastal aquatic plant communities of lakes and river estuaries of the Arkhangelsk Region. Two critical criteria were used to distinguish rare communities: 1) protected species are cenosis-formers, 2) species that were first noted outside the northern border of the ranges are either cenosis-formers, or abundant in the composition of communities. The first criterion includes communities with species listed in the Red Data Books of the Russian Federation (2008) and the Arkhangelsk Region (), if these species are significant from the point of phytocenosis. The last includes taxa and plant populations of the Arkhangelsk Region that need special attention to their state in the natural environment and are recommended for bio-surveillance. The second criterion includes the communities of the Glycerietum fluitantis association located on the coast of the Pechora Inlet, which were described here for the first time.
The communities’ habitats are water bodies that differ significantly in hydrological conditions. Lobelietum dsortmannae, Isoëto lacustris–Lobelietum dortmannii, Isoëto echinosporae–Lobelietum dortmannae, Lobelieto dortmannae–Phragmitetum australis, Lobelieto dortmannae–Caricetum rostratae, Fontinalieto dalecarlicae–Phragmitetum australis, Fontinalieto dalecarlicae–Nupharetum lutea associations are typical for oligotrophic and oligo-mesotrophic lakes of the hydrocarbonate class with low water salinity. Nympheto candidae–Nupharetum pumilae, Potamogeneto natantis–Nymphaeetum tetragonae, Chareto virgatae–Scirpetum lacustris associations are identified in eutrophic and mesotrophic lakes. Communities of Chareto strigosae–Charetum asperae, Charetum subspinosae, Chareto subspinosae–Phragmitetum australis charosum subspinosae associations develop in sulfate lakes with increased water salinity. Ruppietum maritimae, Glycerietum fluitantis purum, Hippurideto tetraphillae–Glycerietum, and Zannichellia pedunculata communities are typical for river estuaries.
We have described most of the rare communities for specially protected natural areas of the Arkhangelsk Region: in the Kenozero National Park, the Onega Pomorie National Park, the Pinezhskiy Nature Reserve, the Nenetskiy Nature Reserve, and the Pakhanchenskiy Nature Reserve. At the end of the article, some recommendations for the protection of rare communities are given. They are useful for monitoring such species in protected areas. The protection of rare communities is based on the principle that any species that is part of the community is its integral part. The destruction of cenosis-forming species leads to the disappearance of both an integral unique community and protected species as a part of it, regardless of whether they are phytocenotically significant, or grow singularly within the community.
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Stavsky, E. A., T. V. Teplyakova, I. S. Andreeva, E. S. Davydova, A. A. Stavskaya, and A. L. Poteshkina. "Experimental evaluation of therapeutic properties of ointment based on melanins from natural raw material and a submerged culture of chaga (Inonotus оbliquus)." JOURNAL of SIBERIAN MEDICAL SCIENCES 6, no. 1 (2022): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31549/2542-1174-2022-6-1-93-105.
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Introduction. Due to the acquisition of antibiotic resistance by pyogenic microbiota, the problem of topical (drug) treatment of wounds has worsened. Aim. Experimental evaluation of the antibiotic properties of melanin from natural raw material and a submerged culture of chaga (Inonotus obliquus) in vitro and the therapeutic properties of ointments prepared on the basis of these melanins in vivo. Materials and Methods. Melanins were obtained by alkaline hydrolysis. The antibiotic activity of melanins was determined by co-cultivation in a liquid medium of the studied samples with six cultures of test strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and two of yeast fungi. Ointments based on melanin from natural raw material and the submerged culture of chaga (Inonotus obliquus F-1244 strain) were obtained using two compositions of ointment base. The wound-healing efficacy of ointments was evaluated on three groups of mice. The control groups were mice untreated and treated with a comparison drug (Levomikon-TFF). The treatment of mice was continued until their incised skin wounds healed. Wound areas, motor activity, appetite, dynamics and character of wound healing were assessed daily in mice of all groups, as well as changes in their body weight every three days. Results. Melanins from natural raw materials and the submerged culture of chaga completely suppressed the growth of gram-positive spore-forming Bacillus cereus bacterium in a co-culture. Melanin from natural raw material of chaga on average suppressed the growth of the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 strain by an order of magnitude. Melanin from the submerged chaga culture completely suppressed the growth of a clinical isolate of the highly pathogenic Candida sp. Ft-5 strain from a deceased patient with generalized candida infection and, on average, inhibited the growth of the collection strain of yeast Candida albicans 620 by two orders of magnitude more intensively. It was found that ointments based on melanin from natural raw materials and the submerged culture of chaga, as well as ointment containing a fivefold increased concentration of melanin from natural chaga, do not have toxicity to experimental animals. Ointments containing 0.4 mg of melanin from natural raw material and the submerged chaga culture per 0.2 g of a single dose of ointment had the same wound healing efficacy, while not only were not inferior in this indicator to the combined antimicrobial comparison drug Levomikon-TFF, but also showed a tendency to more accelerated wound healing (on the 15–18th day of observation) compared with the process of wound regeneration in the group of animals treated with the drug of comparison. A more accelerated wound healing effect was demonstrated in experimental animals (already on the 12th day of observation) treated with a fivefold increased content of melanin from natural raw material of chaga, compared with mice treated with the comparison drug. Conclusion. Ointments containing melanin of chaga (Inonotus obliquus) have anti-inflammatory, regenerative properties and can be considered promising for topical treatment of wounds.
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Szymczyk-Ziółkowska, Patrycja, Viktoria Hoppe, Małgorzata Rusińska, Jolanta Gąsiorek, Grzegorz Ziółkowski, Karolina Dydak, Joanna Czajkowska, and Adam Junka. "The Impact of EBM-Manufactured Ti6Al4V ELI Alloy Surface Modifications on Cytotoxicity toward Eukaryotic Cells and Microbial Biofilm Formation." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 23, 2020): 2822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122822.
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Electron beam melting (EBM) is an additive manufacturing technique, which allows forming customized implants that perfectly fit the loss of the anatomical structure of bone. Implantation efficiency depends not only on the implant’s functional or mechanical properties but also on its surface properties, which are of great importance with regard to such biological processes as bone regeneration or microbial contamination. This work presents the impact of surface modifications (mechanical polishing, sandblasting, and acid-polishing) of EBM-produced Ti6Al4V ELI implants on essential biological parameters. These include wettability, cytotoxicity toward fibroblast and osteoblast cell line, and ability to form biofilm by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Obtained results indicated that all prepared surfaces exhibited hydrophilic character and the highest changes of wettability were obtained by chemical modification. All implants displayed no cytotoxicity against osteoblast and fibroblast cell lines regardless of the modification type. In turn, the quantitative microbiological tests and visualization of microbial biofilm by means of electron microscopy showed that type of implant’s modification correlated with the species-specific ability of microbes to form biofilm on it. Thus, the results of the presented study confirm the relationship between such technological aspects as surface modification and biological properties. The provided data are useful with regard to applications of the EBM technology and present a significant step towards personalized, customized implantology practice.
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Porsokhonova, Delya F., S. N. Rakhmatullaeva, A. I. Yakubovich, V. S. Novoselov, A. V. Novoselov, V. A. Kaptil’nyy, and E. A. Sosnova. "RISK FACTORS OF DISTROPHIC DISEASES OF VULVAE: CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH." V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology 4, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/2313-8726-2017-4-3-154-158.
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The results of epidemiological studies of risk factors for the development of dystrophic diseases of the vulva (DDV) in women of reproductive and perimenopausal age are presented. Authors executed the testing of DDV patients according to specially developed questions of the questionnaire, aimed at the obtaining of the most complete information about the lifestyle of patients, social and medical factors, possibly contributing to the occurrence and formation of DDV. Also, the authors performed an examination of patients for the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and urogenital infections in order to clarify the infectious factor in the genesis of dystrophy of the vulva. Direct and indirect factors that contribute to the formation of dystrophic diseases of the vulva in women are established to be as follows: perimenopausal age; endocrine diseases; emotional stress of a social character; more than 3 pregnancies in anamnesis; presence of STIs (herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus) and inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs; presence of Candida fungi, Ureaplasma urealyticum bacteria, human papillomavirus - HPV 16/18, HPV 31/33 and some other infections on the background of DDV; lack of information about the disease; discharge from the genital tract; lack of treatment-effect; inappropriate treatment. The identified factors should be taken into account in the development of therapeutic and preventive measures in relation to DDV in women.
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Kalugina, L. V., T. F. Tatarchuk, and I. V. Shmulian. "Bacterial vaginosis. Modern view of the problem and its status in Ukraine." REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, no. 59 (July 22, 2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18370/2309-4117.2021.59.72-77.
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Research objective: to examine the incidence of asymptomatic and recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV) in Ukrainian women and to evaluate diagnostic and treatment strategies for the disease control. Materials and methods. This study lasted from January to March 2021 and included 277 doctors of women's clinics, gynecological hospitals and oncology centers from all regions of Ukraine. Information was provided on 12 896 patients between of 18 and 59 ages with BV. Results. Analysis of data from 12 896 questionnaires allowed us to determine that women from 18 to 35 years of age (62.6%) were the most frequently consulted about BV. Only 58.72% patients with BV reported about abnormal vaginal discharge as the reason for visit, while 41.24% of the respondents reported other reasons. Questionnaire analysis of patients with vaginal discharge revealed scant symptoms of the disease: only 62.67% complained about the change of discharge character; 38.49% and 36.35% of examinees pointed to the vaginal itching and unpleasant odor, respectively; 19.89% of patients were troubled by dysuric symptoms and 15.10% of patients mentioned dyspareunia. In the list of submitted questionnaires, 59.92% of patients indicated an additional examination to identify the causes of vaginitis by the PCR method (urogenital scraping). According to its results, Gardnerella vaginalis was detected in diagnostically significant concentrations in 71.49% of patients, Atopobium vaginae was found in 11.32% of cases, Mobiluncus spp. was detected in 19.96% of patients and Trichomonas vaginalis was found in 13.12% of patients. Candida colonization was diagnosed in 62.07%, with Candida albicans in 48,52% cases and non-albicans forms in 13,55% of patients.In the treatment of BV priority was given to the vaginal forms of the most compliant therapy regimens: 2 times a day for 3 days or once a day for 7 days, depending on the clinical situation. Some patients opted for a long course of treatment for recurrent infections, choosing the combination metronidazole 750 mg / miconazole 200 mg 1 suppository once a day for 5 days for 12 months.Conclusion. Diagnosis of BV in Ukraine continues to be based on clinical conditions and requires a unified algorithm that will be based on current clinical guidelines and dictated by national protocols for management. High mycotic colonization (62,07%) in BV makes it expedient to use combined agents (metronidazole 750 mg / miconazole 200 mg tioconazole/tinidazole) both as etiotropic and empirical therapy and especially if there are clinical conditions that may can cause BV (before surgical interventions, after antibiotic therapy, in endocrine pathology, etc.).
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Vlad, Ilinca Margareta, Diana Camelia Nuta, Cornel Chirita, Miron Teodor Caproiu, Constantin Draghici, Florea Dumitrascu, Coralia Bleotu, et al. "In Silico and In Vitro Experimental Studies of New Dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)one O-(arylcarbamoyl)-oximes Designed as Potential Antimicrobial Agents." Molecules 25, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020321.
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In a drug-repurposing-driven approach for speeding up the development of novel antimicrobial agents, this paper presents for the first time in the scientific literature the synthesis, physico-chemical characterization, in silico analysis, antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal strains in planktonic and biofilm growth state, as well as the in vitro cytotoxicity of some new 6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)one O-(arylcarbamoyl)oximes. The structures of intermediary and final substances (compounds 7a–j) were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and IR spectra, as well as by elemental analysis. The in silico bioinformatic and cheminformatic studies evidenced an optimal pharmacokinetic profile for the synthesized compounds 7a–j, characterized by an average lipophilic character predicting good cell membrane permeability and intestinal absorption; low maximum tolerated dose for humans; potassium channels encoded by the hERG I and II genes as potential targets and no carcinogenic effects. The obtained compounds exhibited a higher antimicrobial activity against the planktonic Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis strains and the Candida albicans fungal strain. The obtained compounds also inhibited the ability of S. aureus, B. subtilis, Escherichia coli and C. albicans strains to colonize the inert substratum, accounting for their possible use as antibiofilm agents. All the active compounds exhibited low or acceptable cytotoxicity levels on the HCT8 cells, ensuring the potential use of these compounds for the development of new antimicrobial drugs with minimal side effects on the human cells and tissues.
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Shepida, Mariana, Orest Kuntyi, Martyn Sozanskyi, and Yuriy Sukhatskiy. "Sonoelectrochemical Synthesis of Antibacterial Active Silver Nanoparticles in Rhamnolipid Solution." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (June 14, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7754523.
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The results of studies of the synthesis of AgNPs colloidal solutions by cyclic voltammetry (E from +1.0 to −1.0 V) in rhamnolipid (RL) solutions and the use of soluble anodes in the ultrasound field (22 kHz) are presented. It is shown that the algorithm of anodic dissolution—reduction of Ag(I)—nucleation, and formation of AgNPs makes it possible to obtain nanoparticles with the size from 1 nm to 3 nm. It was found that with an increase in the RL concentration from 1 g/L to 4 g/L, the anodic and cathodic currents increase as well as the rate of AgNPs formation, respectively. The rate of nanoparticles formation also increases with an increase in temperature from 20°C to 60°C, and it corresponds to the diffusion-kinetic range of action of this factor. Moreover, the size of AgNPs depends little on the temperature. The character of the UV-Vis pattern of AgNPs colloidal solutions in RL (with an absorption maximum of 415 nm) is the same over a wide range of nanoparticle concentrations. The curves practically do not change in time, which indicate the stability of anodic and cathodic processes during prolonged sonoelectrochemical synthesis. The cyclic voltammetry curves practically do not change in time, which indicate the stability of anodic and cathodic processes during prolonged sonoelectrochemical synthesis. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized AgNPs solutions to strains of Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus was established.
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Tataridis, Panagiotis, Anastasios Kanelis, Stilianos Logotetis, and Elias Nerancis. "Use of non-saccharomyces Torulaspora delbrueckii yeast strains in winemaking and brewing." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 124 (2013): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn1324415t.
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Selected Saccharomyces yeast strains have been used for more than 150 years in brewing and for several decades in winemaking. They are necessary in brewing because of the boiling of the wort, which results in the death of all yeast cells, with the exception of some Belgian style beers (ex. Lambic), where the wort is left to be colonized by indigenous yeast and bacteria from the environment and ferment naturally. In winemaking their use is also pertinent because they provide regular and timely fermentations, inhibit the growth of indigenous spoilage microorganisms and contribute to the desired sensory characters. Even though the use of selected Saccharomyces strains provides better quality assurance in winemaking in comparison to the unknown microbial consortia in the must, it has been debated for a long time now whether the use of selected industrial Saccharomyces strains results in wines with less sensory complexity and ?terroir? character. In previous decades, non-Saccharomyces yeasts were mainly considered as spoilage/problematic yeast, since they exhibited low fermentation ability and other negative traits. In the last decades experiments have shown that there are some non-Saccharomyces strains (Candida, Pichia, Kluyveromyces, Torulaspora, etc) which, even though they are not able to complete the fermentation they can still be used in sequential inoculation-fermentation with Saccharomyces to increase sensory complexity of the wines. Through fermentation in a laboratory scale, we have observed that the overall effects of selected Torulaspora delbrueckii yeast strains, is highly positive, leading to products with pronounced sensory complexity and floral/fruity aroma in winemaking and brewing.
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Zhadan, Anna. "Two new species of Cossura (Cossuridae, Annelida) from the terminal lobes of the Congo River deep-sea fan." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, no. 5 (February 15, 2017): 881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417000066.
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Two new species of Cossura Webster & Benedict, 1887 were found in material collected during sampling from the terminal lobes of the Congo deep-sea fan. They were described using light and scanning electron microscopy. Cossura platypus sp. nov. has 15–17 thoracic chaetigers, a prostomium longer than it is wide, with a widely rounded anterior margin, an abruptly expanded posterior prostomial ring the same length as the peristomium, without a mid-ventral notch, a branchial filament attached to the midlength of chaetiger 3, and a pygidium with three anal cirri. Cossura platypus sp. nov. is similar to C. brunnea Fauchald, 1972 but differs in the shape of the prostomium, which is widely rounded anteriorly in C. platypus sp. nov. and is broadly triangular in C. brunnea; furthermore, C. platypus sp. nov.is uniformly pale, whereas C. brunnea has dark pigmentation. Cossura candida Hartman, 1955 differs from C. platypus sp. nov. in the conical shape of the prostomium and 24–35 thoracic chaetigers. Cossura flabelligera sp. nov. has 16–19 thoracic chaetigers, a conical prostomium, and a branchial filament arising from the posterior part of chaetiger 2; the entire body, including the chaetae, is covered by a thick mucous sheath similar to the tunic of flabelligerids. Cossura flabelligera sp. nov. resembles C. longocirrata Webster & Benedict, 1887 in the position of the branchial filament, the shape of the prostomium, and the number of thoracic chaetigers; it differs in having a thick mucous sheath. This character seems to be unique for the Cossuridae.
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Sankar Ranganathan, Udhaya, Nagma Rafi, Gopal Rangasamy, Mangaiyarkarasi Thiyagarajan, and Sunil Shivekar. "Epidemiology of urinary candidiasis and antifungal susceptibility pattern of various Candida species at a rural tertiary health care centre of Puducherry, South India- An observational study." IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2021.023.
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Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common health problem across the globe. Although majority of them are bacterial in origin, there has been an increasing trend in the incidence of UTI due to the yeast like fungi, . UTI due to are in large proportion noscomially acquired and of growing concern is the development of resistance to the commonly used azole group of drugs for their treatment. Since the resistance is more commonly reported among non- albicans , routine species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing is crucial for successful clinical outcomes. This study was conducted to analyse the distribution and risk factors associated with Urinary candidiasis and also to determine the resistance patterns of different to various antifungal agents using phenotypic methods. : A hospital based observational study was conducted from September 2016 to December 2017 on patients presenting with symptomatic UTI. isolates were speciated using phenotypic methods like germ tube test and growth character on chromagar . Antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole, voriconazole, ketoconazole and amphotericin B were determined using disc diffusion method. All data were anlyzed using EpiData Analysis software version 2.2.2.186. A total of 101 were isolated. The incidence of Urinary candidiasis was more among females (66.4%) than in males (33.6%). People above 50 years (38.6%) were commonly affected followed by people in the age group of 21-30 years (22.7%). The incidence among hospitalized patients was 86.7% and urinary catheterization (43.5%) was the most commonly associated risk factor. The most common isolates were tropicalis (31.6%) followed by albicans (21.7%). The overall resistance patterns among various were 50.5%, 32.7%, 19.9% and 2% for fluconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin B respectively. Hospitalization and urinary catheterization are the important risk factors for developing urinary candidiasis. The antifungal susceptibility varies among different and hence, identification of to species level along with antifungal susceptibility testing should be practiced as a routine in all clinical mycology laboratories.
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Sălăgeanu, Luminița, Delia Muntean, Horhat Florin George, Anca Lascu, Diana Anghel, Iulia Cristina Bagiu, and Eugenia Fagadar-Cosma. "Antimicrobial activity of different substituted meso-porphyrin derivatives." Revista Romana de Medicina de Laborator 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rrlm-2020-0014.
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AbstractThe increasing resistance against classical antibiotic treatment forces the researchers to develop novel non-toxic antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial properties of seven different porphyrins having distinctive hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity: P1 meso-tetra(4-methoxy-phenyl)porphyrin, P2 Zn(II)-meso-5,10,15,20-tetrapyridylporphyrin, P3 meso-tetra(p-tolyl)porphyrin, P4 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin; P5 (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphinato) dichlorophosphorus(V) chloride, P6 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin-Zn(II) tetrachloride, P7 Zn(II)-5,10,15,20-meso-tetrakis-(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin. The meso-porphyrin derivatives were screened for their antimicrobial activity against six reference strains: Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The antimicrobial activity of these samples was evaluated by the agar disk diffusion method and dilution method, with the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The most significant result is provided by the water-soluble P5 manifesting an obvious antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes. On the other hand, P6 is a moderately active derivative against Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli and P7 presents moderate activity against Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. All the tested porphyrin bases, presenting hydrophobic character, have no antimicrobial activity under the investigated conditions. The common characteristics of the porphyrins that act as promising antimicrobial agents in the non-irradiated methods are: the cationic nature, the increased hydrophilicity and the presence of both amino functional groups grafted on the porphyrin ring and the coordination with Zn or phosphorus in the inner core.
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Kovalenko, O., S. Kalinichenko, E. Babich, F. Kivva,, O. Roenko, and T. Antusheva. "Electromagnetic and acoustic technologies in antibacterial preparation development." RADIOFIZIKA I ELEKTRONIKA 26, no. 4 (2021): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/rej2021.04.040.
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Subject and Purpose. The present paper is concerned with the use of wave technologies in the development of antibiotics-alternative approaches for pathogenic microflora suppression. Lactobacilli strains picked in different ecological niches and their activity against pathogenic strains are studied with a focus on a targeted modification of adhesive and antagonistic properties of lactobacilli by exposing them to low-intensity electromagnetic (EM) fields and the ultrasound. Methods and Methodology. Lactobacilli picked in different ecological niches are experimentally studied, including (1) standard strains from probiotic preparations and (2) circulating strains picked in humans and bees. For the ultrasonic and electromagnetic radiation sources, G3-109 and G3-F and G4-141 and G4-142 generators are taken, respectively. The adhesive properties of Lactobacillus spp. strains and their antagonistic activity are estimated against C. diphtheriae, S. aureus and yeast-like fungi of Candida genus in aerobic and microaerophilic culture conditions. Statistical technology is employed in the data processing and analysis. Results. It has been established that L. plantarum strains picked in the gut of healthy bees are most antagonistic towards pathogens. It has been demonstrated that the priority culture conditions for lactobacilli are microaerophilic conditions simulating their stay in vivo. It has been shown that it is possible to modify properties of microorganisms by their exposure to ultrasound and low-intensity electromagnetic fields in narrow bands of the EHF range. The effect efficiency versus frequency has a dispersion character. Individual features of various pathogenic strains have been recognized. Conclusion. The obtained results open up prospects for electromagnetic and acoustic technologies in the development of safe alternative means to antagonize persisting pathogens and increase human body resilience.
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Deekshitha H M, Namratha S Saraf, Kulkarni P K, Akhila A R, and Jayaprakash J S. "Formulation and evaluation of antifungal agent in a hydrogel containing nanoparticle of low molecular weight chitosan." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1814.
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The research aimed to formulate and prepare hydrogel of low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles with the help of antifungal agents such as clotrimazole and Nystatin for the topical application. Using the ionic gelation process, placebo and nanoparticles containing drugs were prepared. By cationic interaction is suitable for pH, and gel sodium tripolyphosphate is used as a crosslinker which cross-links the chitosan particles to form the gel, interaction between drug and polymer was observed during the formulation development. Formulated nanoparticle with chitosan and nystatin and clotrimazole showed the mean diameter 273.7nm, 983nm, and 501nm. Clotrimazole and Nystatin had encapsulation capacity was about 74.6% and 63.0%, respectively. In vitro drug release at pH 4.7 chitosan molecules are examined for the version of clotrimazole and nystatin.it has noticed that both the formulation shows sustained drug release about 12 hours. Using SEM, nanoparticles are directed for surface morphology character; it shows that nanoparticles are smooth and spherical in structure. Chitosan itself has the antimicrobial property; it was carried out for the antifungal activity against the fungus Candida Albicans along with the prepared formulations drugs for the comparative study. And the result showed that clotrimazole had maximum fungal growth inhibition next followed by the nystatin and chitosan is least. This inhibitory effect was due to the parameter such as zeta potential and particle size of chitosan nanoparticles. And it shows the least antifungal activity of nanoparticles, which are formulated from the TMC. Hence CTZ and Chitosan were formulated and applied as a natural antifungal agent into nanoparticle to increase the fungal activity. According to the ICH Q1A (R2) guidelines, stability studies are conducted to prove no degradation of the drug. The prepared formulation of chitosan nanoparticles based hydrogel incorporated with clotrimazole and nystatin are promising and significant properties for the efficient treatment of topical fungal infections
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Kvetnaya, A. S., and L. I. Zhelezova. "Clostridium perfringens – antibiotic-associated and sporadic diarrhea in children: age, anamnestic and clinical and laboratory features." Medical alphabet, no. 32 (December 16, 2021): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2021-32-10-15.
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The article presents the data of the research on the problem of two clinical forms of enteroproducing Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) – associated infection in the children who are not connected with food – antibiotic-associated and sporadic forms. Within the period of 2019–2021 a retrospective analysis of the results of complex clinical and laboratory study of children aged from 2 months to 18 years with diarrhea (acute intestinal infection, n = 406 children) was carried out within the framework of the algorithm developed by Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases (Russia, Saint Petersburg). The material for the study included stool tests, coprofiltrates and strains of the microorganisms determinating microbiocoenosis of the intestines including enterotoxigenic strains of C. perfringens. The main group included children with diarrhea (n = 38 of 406 children with diarrhea) who at admission presented C. perfringens enterotoxin in coprofiltrates found by immune-enzyme analysis and there were identified the cultures of enterotoxigenic strains of C. perfringens by tests of intestinal contents. The first group included children (n = 30 of 406 children; 7 %) with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). The second group included children (n = 8 of 406 children; 2 %) with sporadic diarrhea. An overwhelming majority of patients with ААD (n = 20; 92.3 %) of the first 8 (100 %) years of life presented intensity of diarrhea syndrome in direct dependence on colonization activity of enterotoxigenic C perfringens (colony-forming units/g feces) (r = 0.78). The disease proceeded mainly with the syndromes of gastroenteritis, enterocolitis and hemorrhagic colitis. There was noted a reliable high frequency of severe forms of both ААD, and sporadic diarrhea (р < 0.05) caused by enterotoxigenic strains of C perfringens in children of the first year of life. Deep decompensated disorders of large intestine microbiota associated with Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, were characterized by severity and prolonged character of the course (р < 0.05). The received results determine the tactics of differential diagnosis and treatment of AAD and sporadic diarrhea caused by enteroproducing strains of C. perfringens.
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SALOMÓN, LUCIANA, SILVANA M. SEDE, and SUSANA E. FREIRE. "Phylogenetic position of Argentinian and Chilean endemic species of Senecio ser. Culcitium (Asteraceae) with an evolutionary analysis of morphological characters." Phytotaxa 387, no. 3 (January 9, 2019): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.387.3.1.
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In its current circumscription, Senecio ser. Culcitium Cabrera, which includes ca. 40 South American species, is characterized by discoid, sometimes nodding capitula, calycular bracts resembling a multiseriate involucre, and style branches apically truncate with a ring of penicillate collecting hairs. The phylogenetic relationships of Senecio ser. Culcitium were examined based on DNA sequences from ITS and trnK regions, focusing on seven endemic species of Argentina and Chile never included in previous works. Likewise, 18 morphological characters were analyzed and mapped on the phylogeny in order to discuss their importance in defining the group. Our results confirm the polyphyly of S. ser. Culcitium as circumscribed by Cabrera because its members appeared in four different clades throughout Senecio. One clade contains the taxonomic type of the series and about a half of the species previously assigned to S. ser. Culcitium. Most of the Argentinean-Chilean endemic species are split into three different clades distantly related to the principal Culcitium clade: 1) Senecio candidans and S. gilliesii are nested within S. ser. Hualtatini; 2) S. aspleniifolius and S. jarae are nested within S. ser. Repentes; and 3) S. diemii, S. magellanicus, and S. martinensis appear within the informally named ‘diemii group’. The nodding capitulum, which was traditionally used as a diagnostic character for Culcitium, could be used to define morphologically S. ser. Culcitium in its revised circumscription. However, the other two characters traditionally used as diagnostic, i.e. development of calycular bracts and pubescence of style branches, are variable within the series: the calycular bracts range from scarcely to widely developed and the pubescence of the style branches ranges from a few short hairs poorly differentiated into a crown of hairs to numerous long hairs. As a result of the morphological study of the characters and the phylogenetic analysis, we include a key to differentiate S. ser. Culcitium s. str. from the other series and the informal diemii group, in which the Culcitium species have been redistributed.