Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cancers du côlon métastatiques'
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Barrier, Alain. "Prédiction du pronostic des cancers coliques non métastatiques par les profils d'expression génique." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066440.
Full textMeunier, Katy. "Influence du statut MSI et des principales altérations génétiques des cancers coliques sur l’évolution tumorale métastatique naturelle et après chirurgie." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066332.
Full textThe first aim was to investigate the influence of mutations characteristics of tumours displaying microsatellite instability (MSI), due to mismatch repair system (MMR) deficiency, in tumour invasion and metastatic potential. For this purpose, we set up a model of orthotopic xenograft in NOD/SCID mice using the human MSI colon cancer cell line HCT116, deficient in MLH1, a key MMR actor and its isogenic cell line obtained by transfecting a wild type MLH1 cDNA expression vector. Subcutaneous tumours were first established in mice; then, tumours were grafted onto the caecum and either left in situ to evaluate the natural evolution, or resected to assess clinical outcome after surgery. Our observations show that the expression of MLH1 improves clinical outcome of mice who underwent a curative surgical resection or when tumours were left in situ. The second objective was to compare the molecular characteristics of colon cancer with liver metastases and/or peritoneal carcinomatosis in a prospective multicentre study. Genome regions with copy number variations were identified by comparing DNA isolated from normal tissues and the different tumour sites using pan-genomic "HumanCNV370" chips. The level of genomic alterations in primary tumours is not indicative of evolution, and carcinomatosis as metastases may differ from each other and from the primary tumour. The intra-individual tumour heterogeneity has important consequences in clinics. Identifying a molecular signature in the primary tumour able to predict evolution, and defining the molecular characteristics of metastasis, should help clinicians to improve the therapeutic management of patients with colon cancer in the future
Maamer, Azzabi Aida. "Mécanismes moléculaires de l'acquisition d'une sensibilité à l'apoptose induite par l'ABT-737 et d'une résistance à l'anoïkis de cellules coliques métastatiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966853.
Full textDouard, Richard. "Potentiel métastatique des cellules circulantes dans le cancer colorectal." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002457730204611&vid=upec.
Full textCirculating cancer cells have been thought to have a great part in the development of distant metastasis in epithelial tumours. The aim of this work was to assess their prognostic value in colorectal cancer using several detection techniques. RT-PCR CGM2 detection in the preoperative peripheral blood is not correlated with either survival or recurrence-free survival. RT-PCR detection using two specific markers of the colon tissue (ACE/CGM2) either allows to improve detection specificity or to label several subpopulations of circulating cells. The interest of quantitative RT-PCR techniques was assessed for CK20. The additional dissemination related to colorectal cancer excision has been assessed to be about 10% using a qualitative multiplex (ACE/CGM2) RT-PCR technique. These results were compared to those obtained with cancer-specific markers (MAGE). The prognostic value of circulating malignant cells has been compared in colorectal and prostate cancers. The potential interest of circulating cells in peritoneal cavity has also been studied. An isolation technique has allowed to retrieve more than 98% of blood nucleated cells and thus become the first step to the physical study of the genotype and metastatic potential of circulating cells
Limacher, Jean-Marc. "Biomodulation du 5-fluorouracile dans les cancers colo-rectaux métastatiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1M192.
Full textLemaire, Valérie. "Adénocarcinome du côlon : mise en évidence par RT-PCR de la dissémination hématogène de cellules coliques au stade métastatique." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P272.
Full textBenzekry, Sébastien. "Modélisation, analyse mathématique de thérapies anti-cancéreuses pour les cancers métastatiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10094/document.
Full textWe introduce a mathematical model for the evolution of a cancer disease at the organism scale, taking into account for the metastases and their sizes as well as action of several therapies such as primary tumor surgery, chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy. The mathematical problem is a renewal equation with bi-dimensional structuring variable. Mathematical analysis and functional analysis of an underlying Sobolev space are performed. Existence, uniqueness, regularity and asymptotic behavior of the solutions are proven in the autonomous case. A lagrangian numerical scheme is introduced and analyzed. Convergence of this scheme proves existence in the non-autonomous case. The effect of concentration of the boundary data into a Dirac mass is also investigated.Possible applications of the model are numerically illustrated for clinical issues such as the failure of anti-angiogenic monotherapies, scheduling of combined cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic therapies and metronomic chemotherapies. In order to give mathematical answers to these clinical problems an optimal control problem is formulated, analyzed and simulated
Montemagno, Christopher. "Développement de radiotraceurs pour l'imagerie phénotypique des cancers du sein métastatiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS039/document.
Full textBreast cancer is the leading cause of cancer among women. At the time of diagnosis, 30 % of patients have developed a metastatic disease either with regional lymph node colonization or distant organs colonization. Metastatic breast cancers are treated by chemotherapy or targeted therapy, according to histological results of primary site. However, 20 to 45 % of metastases have a different phenotype from the primary tumor. Getting access to metastases phenotype would therefore allow treating patients more accurately, in accordance with molecular characteristics of these lesions. Because metastases are not always accessible to biopsy, the use of molecular imaging could be of great interest. Nuclear medicine is the only molecular imaging technic available in clinical practice. The objective of this thesis was to perform the phenotypic imaging of metastatic breast cancer by targeting mesothelin and VCAM-1. The first part of this work was dedicated to the preclinical evaluation of mesothelin-targeting nanobodies. Mesothelin is a GPI-anchored membran protein. While its expression is restricted to a mesothelial cells in normal conditions, mesothelin is overexpressed in several cancers, including breast cancer. Several mesothelin-targeting therapies are currently ongoing clinical transfer. Identifying mesothelin-expressing metastases would allow to select patients who could benefit from those therapies. During this thesis, the nanobody-derived radiotracer 99mTc-A1 has been fully validated for the imaging of mesothelin expressing tumors. The second part of this work was dedicated to the nuclear imaging of VCAM-1 expressing breast cancer lesions. VCAM-1 is a membrane-associated protein involved in the metastatic spread of breast tumor cells. An imaging agent targeting at VCAM-1 could be a suitable tool to evaluate the role of VCAM-1 as a marker of tumor aggressiveness. In the present study, the nanobody 99mTc-cAbVCAM1-5 has been validated for the imaging of VCAM-1 expression in breast cancer
Terret, Catherine. "Optimisation de la chimiothérapie du cancer colorectal métastatique par 5-FU et CPT-11 : données de pharmacocinétique, de chimiosensibilité." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30166.
Full textTournigand, Christophe. "Stratégie thérapeutique des cancers colorectaux métastatiques : du 5-fluorouracile aux thérapies ciblées." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066253.
Full textDesurmont, Thibault. "Etude de l'implication des chimiokines et de leurs récepteurs dans la survenue d'une rechute métastatique chez des patients atteints d'un cancer du côlon métastatique et traités par chirurgie hépatique avec ou sans chimiothérapie néoadjuvante." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S042/document.
Full textOur aim was to analyze the potential role of chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4 signalling pathways in liver metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) relapse. Expression levels of CXCR2, CXCR4, and their chemokine ligands were evaluated in liver metastases of colorectal cancer in order to study their correlation with overall and disease-free survival of patients having received, or not received, a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen.Quantitative RT-PCR and CXCR2 immunohistochemical staining were carried out using human CRC liver metastasis samples. Expression levels of CXCR2, CXCR4, and their ligands were statistically analyzed according to treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and patients ' outcome. Murine models of subcutaneous and orthotopic intracaecal xenografts have been developed and used to study the expression of CXCR2, CXCR4 and CXCL7 in connection with the treatment of mice with chemotherapy.We showed that CXCR2 and CXCL7 overexpression are correlated to patient’s shorter overall and disease-free survival. By multivariate analysis, CXCR2 and CXCL7 expressions are independent factors of overall and disease-free survival. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy increases significantly the expression of CXCR2 and CXCL7 was overexpressed close to significance. Results of our mouse models have shown a trend over-expression of our interest genes in tumor tissues of the treated mice.In conclusion, we show the involvement of CXCL7/CXCR2 signalling pathways as a predictive factor of poor outcome in metastatic CRC. 5-Fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimens increase the expression of these genes in liver metastasis, providing one explanation for aggressiveness of relapsed drug-resistant tumors. Selective blockage of CXCR2/CXCL7 signalling pathways could provide new potential therapeutic opportunities
Jiang, Xiaojun. "Identification de marqueurs prédictifs dans les cancers colorectaux métastatiques : expérience du programme ProfiLER." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1264.
Full textSmall molecule antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), such as regorafenib, sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, axitinib, and cabozantinib, are active in a variety of advanced cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colorectal cancer (CRC) and thyroid cancers. Predictive criteria for response to these multiple kinase inhibitors (MTKI) are not as well determined as for tumors harboring key driver alterations, such as BCR-ABL translocations in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), KIT-mutant GIST, BRAF-mutant melanoma, and ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer among others. Regorafenib, for instance, has been shown to yield a progression-free survival (PFS) improvement in pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and in imatinib and sunitinib refractory gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). We report that the antitumor activity of MTKIs in tumors lacking a well-defined oncogenic driver is strongly correlated with copy number alterations of genes encoding the protein kinases targeted by these drugs. A concept of tumor target charge (TTC), defined as the total gains of the genes encoding for targets of MTKIs as well as tumor target loss (TTL) was developed, and correlated to response to regorafenib in 2 cohorts of patients composed of mCRC and STS patients. A predictive model, called SUMSCAN, was conceived as a binary classifier to identify patients as either good or poor candidates for use of MTKIs. Moreover, the PFS and OS of patients with a favorable SUMSCAN score were significantly improved. Importantly, SUMSCAN predicted exclusively response to regorafenib, but not the response to conventional chemotherapy in mCRC
Bibeau, Frédéric. "Détermination de facteurs prédictifs de réponse aux anticorps anti-récepteur du facteur de croissance épidermique dans le cancer colorectal métastatique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF1MM07.
Full textThe goal of this thesis was to assess predictive factors of response to anti-EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) antibodies in metastatic colorectal cancer. We have first shown that immunohistochemical EGFR expression, the initial prerequisite for anti-EGFR antibodies prescription, was similar in primary colon cancer and related metastases. Thus, the lack of discrepancy between primary ans metastases can not explain the absence of correlation between EGFR expression and response, reported in clinical trials. In the second study, we observed that TP53 mutations were predictive of disease control and better progression free survival (PFS), notably in patients harbouring KRAS wild type tumors. TP 53 mutations may caracterize tumors with an activated EGFR pathway, thus particularly sensitive to anti-EGFR antibodies. In this study, KRAS mutations were associated with a lack of response and a shorter PFS, confirming this parameter as a biomarker of resistance to anti-EGFR antibody therapy. In the third study, we analyzed the clinical relevance of polymorphisms of genes encoding for FcγRIIa and RIIIa receptors, expressed by immune effectors, which impact on the affinity of the Fc portion of the therapeutic antibody and thus modulate the ADCC (Antibody-Dependent Cell-mediated Cytoxicity) phenomenon. The KRAS status was also analyzed in combination, showing a negative effect of mutations on response and PFS. Patients with FcγRIIa-131H/H and/or FcγRIIIa-158V/V genotypes, leading to a stronger affinity, had longer PFS than 131R and 158F carriers, including KRAS mutated patients. This work support an important place for pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics in the setting of so called "personalized treatments" of mCRC
Bourmaud, Aurélie. "La non-adhésion aux traitements oraux dans les situations adjuvantes et métastatiques des cancers." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10267/document.
Full textNon-adherence to oral chemotherapies can lead to lowered efficacy and increased risk of adverse events. The objective of this PhD work was twofold : i) to identify dis-adherence risk factors ii) to develop and test the feasibility of a validated, tailored therapeutic educational program with the aim of improving adherence to oral endocrine adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. A survey was carried out to collect information on drug prescription, administration and surveillance, in order to identify non- adherence risk factors related to health professional behaviors : the majority of prescribers followed no standards in prescription writing, safety monitoring, toxicity prevention and patient education. A cohort study was carried out to identify adherence profiles among patients treated with capecitabine, using a mixed method. A profile of low adherence appeared (highly educated patients, with an irregular active life, with occupied relatives) and absolutely all patients showed an over-adherence profile (with a high risk of toxicity). The pilot study assessing the development and the feasibility of an educational program tailored to patients’ needs led to the improvement of the program : an extra session dealing with anxiety was built, and a new recruitment method was developed. Otherwise, the program succeeded in improving knowledge and trust in the treatment. This PhD work succeeded in identifying new dis-adherence risk factors, thanks to qualitative-quantitative methods. Those risk factors were incorporate in the development process of an educational program, in order to tailor it to the targeted population. This method should guarantee the efficacy of the program on patient’s adherence
Harlé, Alexandre. "Marqueurs de réponse aux thérapies ciblées et personnalisation thérapeutique dans les cancers colorectaux métastatiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0267/document.
Full textColorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide with more than one million patients diagnosed each year, among 50% will develop metastatic disease. Recent efforts to improve the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has led to the development of monoclonal antibodies such as cetuximab and panitumumab, that inhibit the activation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and its downstream pathways (namely RAS/RAF/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR) that promote cell growth, proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. However, from studies including “RAS wild-type” i.e. KRAS and NRAS wild-type tumors, the response rates to cetuximab or panitumumab therapy ranged from only 40 to 60% which results in a large fraction of patients without any known causes for treatment failure. The presence of alterations in other genes such as PIK3CA or BRAF in the EGFR-dependent signaling pathways is responsible for some of the non-responding cases. Moreover, overexpression or alterations of proteins such as PTEN, PI3K, AKT, involved in the RAS/RAF/MAPK or PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways can have a significant impact on cell proliferation or apoptosis. Absence or overexpression of proteins under their active phosphorylated forms may be of interest to predict response to anti-EGFR in RAS wild-type patients. In this work, we first developed assays to assess RAS and PIK3CA mutations in formalin fixed paraffin embedded colorectal tumors, then we validated these assays according to ISO 15189 and we finally studied expression of downstream signalling phosphoproteins and KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA status in 100 frozen samples of patients with mCRC and treated with anti-EGFR. Among the 100 tumor samples, 60 were RAS wild-type. Among the RAS wild-type patients, 45.0% achieved a complete or partial response, and 55.0% had a stable disease or progression (p<0.001) when treated with anti-EGFR. Patients with a RAS mutation had significant lower progression-free survival (PFS) (HR=3.04[1.91; 4.83];p<0.001) and overall survival (OS) (HR=2.49[1.56; 3.97];p<0.001). PFS and OS were significantly higher in RAS wild-type patients. Expression of pAKT, pERK1/2 and pMEK1 was significantly lower in RAS wild-type patients than in RAS mutated patients (p=0.0246; p=0.004; p=0.0110 respectively) and no significant difference was observed between RAS wild-type and RAS mutated tumors in the expression of pEGFR, pGSK3, pIGFR, pP70S6K and pP90SRK. In RAS wild-type patients, response rate was significantly higher for tumors that overexpressed pEGFR and pAKT above the calculated threshold (p=0.0258 and p=0.0277 respectively). No significant relation was found between response rate and the level of expression of the other phosphoproteins. Our study shows that combining the analysis of the expression of EGFR downstream signalling phosphoproteins, RAS, BRAF or PIK3CA status could be of interest to predict the response to anti-EGFR therapies in patients with mCRC
Nicolet, Céline. "Identification d'altérations génomiques impliquées dans l'initiation et la progression tumorale des cancers du côlon de phénotype "chromosome instable" chez l'Homme." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6047.
Full textColon cancer with chromosomal instability (CIN) is the most common gastrointestinal cancer. At present, a series of genomic alterations are described as involved in tumor progression, but no consensus has helped to validate prognostic markers. One reason could be the inter-tumor heterogeneity, because allelotyping on adenomas and and carcinomas of different stages, identified three groups according to the number of genomic alterations independently of clinical stage, suggesting the existence of several pathways of carcinogenesis. My work has confirmed the heterogeneity of alterations and validated the model of progression described in the literature but by redefining more accurately the chronology of the alteration appearance (i. E. APC, TP53, K-Ras, methylation) by taking into account the anatomical location. In addition, studying the chromosome 20q genomic status by allelotyping and FISH showed that the gain of the arm is complete, homogenous and proceeds through aneusomy (odd number of chromosomes) or tetrasomy (even number of chromosomes). In parallel, CGH arrays identified a restraint micro-deletion in 1p36. 11-12, a region including several genes whose transcription factor E2F2. QPCR experiments validated the genomic deletion of the E2F2 gene, deletion which would be of good prognosis for event-free survival of patients with distal carcinoma. This work confirms the involvement of some genomic abnormalities already described in the tumoral initiation and the progression; however, we could redefine the sequence of appearance of these anomalies by taking into account the localization (proximal-distal) and characterized new changes with a prognostic value
Paraf, François. "Gènes de réparation de l'ADN et Cancers Colorectaux." Université de Limoges. Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO102B.
Full textZennadi, Rahima. "Immunothérapie des cancers colorectaux : contribution à l'étude de quelques problèmes." Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANTO9VS.
Full textKirilovsky, Amos. "Etude du microenvironnement des cancers colorectaux et implications pronostiques." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066460.
Full textRemy, Stéphane. "Chimiothérapie du cancer colorectal métastatique : étude rétrospective d'une série de 69 patients traités par une perfusion continue de 5-fluorouracile." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23030.
Full textDezou, Sylvie. "Hormonothérapie première par tamoxifène de cancers du sein non métastatiques : à propos de 100 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23031.
Full textMarisa, Laetitia. "Classification et caractérisation des cancers colorectaux par approches omiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066235/document.
Full textColon cancer (CC) is one of the most frequent and most deadly cancer in France and worldwide. Nearly half of patients die within 5 years after diagnosis. Clinical stage based on histological features and molecular classification based genomic instabilities (microsatellite instability (MSI), chromosomal instability (CIN) and hypermethylation of the promoters (ICPM)) are not sufficient to define homogeneous molecular entities and to predict recurrence effectively. To improve patient care, it is essential to better understand the diversity of the disease so that effective prognostic and predictive markers could be found. My PhD work has been focused on studying the diversity of CC at the molecular level through the use of omics approaches on a large cohort of tumor samples. It led to the establishment of a robust transcriptomic classification of these cancers, validated on independent data sets, and to a detailed characterization of each of the subtypes. Six subtypes have been defined and were associated with distinct clinicopathological characteristics and molecular alterations, specific enrichments of supervised gene expression signatures related to cell and lesions of origin, specific deregulated signaling pathways and distinct survival. The results of this work have been strengthened by a consensus classification defined by an international consortium working group in which I've been involved. These results confirm that colorectal cancer is an heterogeneous disease. They provide a renewed framework to develop prognostic signatures, discover new treatment targets, identify new therapeutic strategies and assess response to treatment in clinical trials
Porquet, Nicolas. "Étude de l'implication de la E-sélectine et de son récepteur, le Death receptor 3, dans le processus métastatique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27233/27233.pdf.
Full textE-selectin, a specific endothelial adhesion receptor, interacts with Death Receptor 3 (DR3) expressed by colon cancer cells. In this study, we investigated further the mechanisms by which the E-selectin-activated pathways downstream of DR3 confer a survival advantage to colon cancer cells. We found that DR3 exists under both transmembrane and secreted versions in HT29 cells. These Death Domain deleted isoforms hamper apoptosis. Additionally, we found that E-selectin could trigger the tyrosine phosphorylation Tyr285 of DR3 in a Src family member-dependent manner. We also obtained evidence indicating that E-selectin and TL1A induce the PI3K/Akt/NFκB p65 survival axis.
Michel, Pierre. "Etude de la cinétique des cancers colorectaux chez l'homme." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEA002.
Full textColin, Didier. "Potentiels chimiosensibilisant et chimiothérapeutique du resvératrol et de ses dérivés dans les cancers colorectaux." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS044.
Full textJourdier, Hélène. "Recherche d'un effet centre et d'un effet temps dans la prise en charge des patients traites pour un cancer colorectal métastatique non resecable." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS001G.
Full textOBJECTIVES : In patients treated for colorectal cancer, in first metastatic line treatment, 1/ to bring to light an institutional impact in overcome, and 2/ to compare four plans of administration of oxaliplatine associated with 5 fluoro-uracile (FOLFOX). METHODS : Retrospective analysis of data from 1042 patients included in three prospective randomized, phase II-III trials. RESULTS : 1/ 23%-improvement in global survival was observed in both centers having included most patients compared with the other centers (24,5 months versus 19,9 months ; HR=1,31 [1,12-1,53], p=0,0006). It was not observed any difference in first line treatment efficiency ; on the other hand, rates of surgery, of R0-surgery and of reintroduction of oxaliplatine are statistically higher in these two centers than in the other centers. 2/ There was no differences of efficiency of the various plans of FOLFOX but a trend to better survival for the patients treated by FOLFOX 7m in first metastatic line of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION : Center experience, in terms of volume, impacts positive global survival in metastatic colorectal cancers, probably because of better multidisciplinary management. Because of a better tolerobility, the modification of the administration of FOLFOX could have an impact on global survival
Willerval, Sylvie. "Etude de l'association 5 Fluoro-Uracile Cis-Platine dans le traitement des cancers métastatiques du sein." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR1M099.
Full textGavelli, Adolfo. "Thérapie génique suicide des métastases hépatiques des cancers colorectaux." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4064.
Full textColon carcinoma represents one of the more frequent cancers in westernized countries and is associated with a high mortality, due to the appearance of metastasis preferentially located to the liver. As resection of metastasis, which constitutes the only curative treatment, is applicable in only 10 to 20% of the patients, many efforts are dedicated to the development of alternative treatments such as gene therapy. Suicide gene therapy consists in the transfer into tumor cells of a “ killer gene ” converting a non-toxic compound, that can be systemically administered, into a lethal drug. The bacterial cytosine deaminase (CD) gene, that is not expressed in mammals, encodes for an enzyme capable of converting cytosine into uracil. When expressed in mammalian cells, this enzyme can transform the non-toxic antifungal agent 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), into the widely used chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). We first developed a vaccination strategy by injecting CD-expressing (CD+) autologous tumor cells to trigger an antitumor immune reaction. Using a syngenic rat liver metastasis model, we have shown that intra-hepatic injection of CD+ tumor cells followed by 5-FC treatment of the animals, resulted in the destruction of the suicide cancer cells. In addition, following this suicide cell-based vaccination, the animals became resistant to the development a new wild-type tumor, indicating the establishment of an antitumor immune response. We have also demonstrated that this vaccination induced a distant bystander effect resulting in the regression of wild-type pre-established tumors and increased the survival of the animals. Finally, we have analyzed the antitumor efficiency of a direct intratumoral injection of a CD-expressing plasmid. In rats bearing microscopic or macroscopic metastases in right and left liver lobes, an injection of a CD-expressing plasmid was performed in the left lobe tumor, followed by 5-FC treatment of the animals. A significant regression of the DNA-injected tumor was observed in 5-FC-treated rats, both in microscopic or advanced tumor models. Moreover, this treatment also induced a potent distant bystander effect on untreated controlateral liver tumors and extra-hepatic metastases, resulting in an increased survival compared to control animals in both tumor models
Dessein-Pouchelle, Anne-Frédérique. "Induction par le couple MIF-CXCR4 d'un phénotype invasif et métastatique au sein de cellules tumorales coliques humaines chimiorésistantes." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL2S037.
Full textTessier, Anne-Laure. "Epidémiologie des cancers colo-rectaux." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P177.
Full textDouillard, Jean-Yves. "Immunothérapie des cancers coliques : étude expérimentale dans un modèle d'adénocarcinome colique chimio-induit chez le rat." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT10VS.
Full textMeichenin, Marc. "L'antigène Tk : un nouvel antigène glycannique associé aux fumeurs, cible potentielle pour l'immunothérapie des cancers coliques." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT18VS.
Full textKillian, Audrey. "Etudes des bases moléculaires de l'instablité chromosomique dans les cancers." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077043.
Full textSince chromosomal instability is a hallmark of most cancer cells, it is essential to identify its molecular bases. Using a yeast chromosomal instability indicator strain, we showed that inactivation of the RRB1/YPH1 biological pathway involved in ribosome biogenesis alters chromosome segregation. To determine the contribution of altération of this pathway to colorectal tumorigenesis, we studied gene dosage alterations in aneuploid colorectal cancers (CRC) using a new method, the somatic QMPSF. This study showed that: (i) the most frequent alteration was copy number gain of BOP1, a gene located in 8q24 in the vicinity of MYC, (ii) increased BOP1 gene copy number was associated with an mRNA increase and (iii) the overexpression of BOP1 altered chromosome segregation. These results show that alteration of genes involved in ribosome biogenesis may result in chromosomal instability and suggest that the RRB1/YPH1 pathway is a link between ribosome biogenesis and chromosomal segregation. The flexibility of somatic QMPSF as well as an easy implementation allowed us to design two essays devoted to CRC, a "bar-code" and a "kinogram" aiming at the detection of quantitative alterations with prognostic or therapeutic predictive value. The QMPSF, the results of which have been confirmed by real-time PCR and CGH, might represent a new method for the detection of prognostic alterations in tumors and for the optimization of combinatorial targeted therapies
Côme, Christophe. "Fonction des facteurs de transcription de la famille snail dans les cancers du sein et du côlon." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20197.
Full textBayet-Robert, Mathilde. "Potentialisation de la chimiothérapie par docétaxel par la curcumine dans les cancers du sein métastatiques : études expérimentales et clinique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF1PP06.
Full textChemotherapy is mainly used in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treatment. Among chemotherapeutics, docetaxel is the most effective agent indicated as a first line monotherapy in MBC. However, as only 5% of complete responses are reported in treated patients and 30% of them would have metastatic relapse; efficacy of chemotherapy has to be improved. The aim of our work was to optimize therapy of MBC in expanding knowledge on the tumor cell response to docetaxel. The new approach nutritherapy consisting in the use of phytochemicals properties was applied to potentiate docetaxel chemotherapy. Curcumin was selected because of its pleiotropic effects, mostly in cancer cells. First, the metabolic variations of human MCF-- breast cancer cells were studied in response to docetaxel and curcumin separately, and to the combinaison of both agents. Metabolomic analysis using proton NMR based-spectroscopy was performed to generate hypotheses in order to characterize time-and dose-dependent phenotypic variations in response to each treatment. Second, a phase I clinical trial was conducted to evaluate feasibility and tolerability of docetaxel/curcumin association in MBC patients. Promising clinical data in terms of antitumor and anti-angiogenic efficacy led us to initiate a comparative phase II clinical trial in order to evaluate the efficacy of such combinaison
Pinard, Dominique. "Rôle des cellules cytoxiques NK et LAK dans la tumorigénicité de cellules cancéreuses coliques chez le rat." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOMU03.
Full textPavillard, Valérie. "Etude des déterminants de l'activité de l'Irinotécan sur les cancers colorectaux." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28829.
Full textAnticancer drugs of the camptothecin series are able to stabilise DNA-topoisomerase I cleavable complexes which lead double strand DNA breaks which are toxis to the target cells. Irinotecan is a semi-synthetic derivative of the camptothecin which is active in colorectal cancer ; it is in fact a pro-drug which needs to be transformed into an active metabolite. SN-38, by microsomal carboxylesterases. We studied several cellular parameters potentially involved in irinotecan activity in order to link them to tumor response : DNA topoisomerase I, the target of irinotecan ; carboxylesterases, which activate irinotecan ; BCRP membrane protein (Breast Cancer Resistance Protein) which is expected to expell irinotecan out of the cells ; and p53 which is able to activate topoisomerase I and is commonly mutated in cancers. In the first part of our work, we studied these parameters on two colorectal cancer cell lines which present different irinotecan sensitivity. We showed that intracellular accumulation of irinotecan and p53 status could explain this difference in sensitivity. In the second part of our work, we optimized a subcellular fractionation technique with normal and tumoral rat organs in order to apply it to human biopsies. In the third part of our work, we studied the cellular parameters previously described in normal and tumoral human biopsies obtained from patients treated for a colorectal cancer by irinotecan. We observed that topoisomerase I expression, quantity and activity, were related to clinical response : partial responders present higher values of these parameters than non responders ; carboxylesterase activity seems to be less directly related to tumor response. A prospective study would allow to verify the results obtained in our retrospective study. The challenge of our work is to guide clinicians to choose irinotecan containing treatment for those patients who present cellular parameters favoring to tumor response
Ndozangue-Touriguine, Olivia. "Mécanisme moléculaires de l'acquisition d'une résistance à l'apoptose induite par TRAIL et à l'anoïkis par des cellules humaines coliques métastatiques." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077083.
Full textApoptosis is an essential process involved in thé development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. Acquired résistance to apoptosis is a hallmark of almost ail cancers and this résistance increases during tumor progression and metastasis formation. Most anticancer agents act by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. Therefore, their efficiency relies in part on intact cell death signaling pathways. Thus, an insensitivity to apoptosis can underly antitumor therapies failure. Using a pair of isogenic colon carcinoma cells, SW480 and SW620, issued respectively from the primary tumor and a lymph node metastasis, we aimed at identifying thé molecular mechanisms responsible for thé acquired résistance of metastatic cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and to anoïkis, a physiologically relevant form of apoptosis that occurs when normal cells loose contact with the extracellular matrix. Our results indicate that SW620 cells have developed a dual résistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis: a block at the level of the mitochondria and, after a conversion to a type I pathway, an increased expression of XIAP which inhibits this pathway. The mechanisms implicated in anoïkis résistance are different and seems to give a crucial role to tyrosine phosphorylation of the transmembrane protein CDCP1 by Src family kinase
Bertholon, Jacques. "Instabilité chromosomique dans les cancers du sein et du côlon : implication des gènes CHRF et p21WAFI." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10272.
Full textIn order to study the connection between the perturbation of the microtubule network, the chemoresistance to anticancer therapeutic agents and the phenotype CIN, we first studied the role of Chfr. We did not observe any direct relationship between the loss of the Chfr expression and the CIN phenotype in colon and breast cancer samples. We also investigated the mechanisms responsible for drug resistance to Paclitaxel and their relationship with the CIN phenotype. For this purpose, we have developed a model of human mammary epithelial cells resistant to Paclitaxel. A thorough analysis of the Paclitaxel-resistant clones suggests that p21WAF1 inactivation may play an important role in the acquisition of chemoresistance and CIN phenotypes observed in these cells
Seket, Belhassen. "Mise au point et expérimentation d'un applicateur interstitiel à ultrasons pour le traitement des cancers primitifs et métastatiques du foie." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10092.
Full textAn interstitial ultrasound applicator was developed for the treatment of primary and metastatic tumours of the liver. Experiments on porcine liver in vitro and in vivo were conduced to check the capability of the applicator to induce a thermal ablation area with a satisfactory size and shape. Two types of lesions were studied: the elementary lesion corresponding to an ultrasonic lesion as a result of a single shot and cylindrical lesions obtained over a 360°-deployment. An operative device was developed and the rotation of the applicator was computer-controlled to ensure precision in the treatment. The physical parameters of the treatment were determined to have the best output of the transducer and to obtain larger and larger areas of tissue coagulation with analysis of the effect of hepatic blood perfusion. A 3D reconstruction of the cylindrical lesions was made using MR images of the thermal ablation areas to assess, together with the gross examination, their size and shape reproducibility. The tested applicator has the advantage to provide a step-by-step and highly directional treatment in the target zone with an expected higher precision. The ultrasonic applicator enabled an effective ablation which has a regular shape, always with sharply defined borders. The simulation of the treatment on pigs in vivo demonstrated quite good tolerance despite the risk of complications such as biliary complications
Devillers, Marion. "Conception, évaluation et modélisation de biocapteurs pour la détection électrochimique du facteur de motilité autocrine : biomarqueur potentiel de cancers métastatiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS029/document.
Full textAutocrine motility factor (AMF) is a cytokine secreted by tumor cells that could be detected in the serum and the urine of cancer patients. This enzyme stimulates tumor cells motility in vitro and causes metastasis in vivo. It can be used as a biomarker of metastasis.In this study, a sensitive and specific electrochemical biosensor was designed for the detection and quantitation of a model of the human enzyme AMF: the mammalian PGI. The biosensor was constructed by covalently binding D-fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) on the oxyamine functionalized surface of a gold electrode.Recognition between the enzyme and the bioreceptor was quantified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and voltammetry in the range of 10 fM to 100 nM. The measured detection limit was 6.6 fM. Selectivity and reproducibility were also proven. Our biosensor is a promising proof of concept for the design of a future miniaturized analytical device for fast, easy and accurate detection of AMF. It could also help validate the AMF as a new biomarker of metastatic cancer.To study the interactions involved in the recognition process between the enzyme and the bioreceptor, we performed polarizable molecular mechanic studies using the force field SIBFA. SIBFA is a second-generation force field based on the results of ab- initio decomposition energy of interaction and therefore includes not only the polarization but also the charge transfer energy.For this study we have developed two models of AMF for SIBFA, an entire form and a reduced form, and we built a mime of the biosensor for SIBFA. For this, it was necessary to design and calibrate each fragment essential for the development of the mime. Then, different energy minimizations were carried out, some of which taking into account solvation parameters. Studies of interactions between the mime and the AMF model are being carried out
Vinuesa-Kalonji, Pascale. "Analyse des nouveaux facteurs histopronostiques des cancers colorectaux." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11009.
Full textOuaret, Djamila. "L'enzastaurine, un nouvel inhibiteur sélectif de la protéine kinase Cβ pour le traitement des cancers colorectaux." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066734.
Full textBigot, Antoine-Hippolyte. "Les suppurations pariétales révélatrices de cancers coliques : aspects diagnostiques et étio-pathogéniques : à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25122.
Full textDevaud, Christel. "Etude in vivo du potentiel anti-tumoral des lymphocytes Tγδ Vδ2 négatifs humains dans un modèle murin." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21684/document.
Full textGamma delta (?d) T lymphocytes contribute to host immune competence uniquely especially during stress immune responses to infections and tumors. Because ?d T cells colonize epithelial surfaces, where they can exert rapid and pleiotropic effector functions, they are critical protagonists in anti-cancer response. During my Phd project we explored the anti-tumor potential of Vd2 negatives (neg) ?d T lymphocytes, in vivo using a mouse xenograft tumor model. A few years ago, studies in our laboratory showed an increase of peripheral blood Vd2neg ?d T lymphocytes in allograft recipients infected by cytomegalovirus (CMV). Interestingly, Vd2neg ?d T clones isolated from these patients showed a cytotoxic activity against CMV infected fibroblast in vitro. Moreover, they were able to kill colon cancer cells (HT29) in vitro, in contrast to normal epithelial cells. Cancer cell- as well as CMV infected cell- killing involved T cell receptor (TCR) engagement, independently of major histocompatibility complex (CMH) recognition, probably with a common ligand. The first part of my Phd project was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo tumor reactivity of anti-CMV Vd2neg clones, including their ability to inhibit tumor growth as well as their migratory potential toward colon cancer cells. In immunodeficient mice, we showed that systemic intraperitoneal (i.p) injections with human Vd2neg clones inhibited the growth of HT29 hypodermal tumors xenografts. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that Vd2neg T cells had an early and specific anti-tumor effect, and that such activity could be hampered in vivo using an anti-CCR3 antibody. Our study suggest that Vd2neg T cells with an anti-viral potential are able to reach a tumor site in vivo, and inhibit tumoral growth exercising a cytolytic activity. The second part of my Phd project proposed to get further insights on the role of Vd2neg T cells in the immune surveillance against colon cancer. To this aim, we tested, the involvement of human Vd1+ T lymphocytes, a substantial fraction of T cells in intestinal epithelia, in limiting tumor spread in vivo, using a mouse model of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We sat up a physiological mouse model of CRC by orthotopic microinjection of HT29 colon cell, which mimics the natural history of human CRC. Indeed, primary colic tumors and pulmonary and hepatic distant metastases grew in mice. Furthermore, bioluminescence imaging was used to follow the outcome of luciferase expressing cancer cells. We showed that systemic treatment with human Vd1+ T lymphocytes could inhibit the growth of intracaecal HT29 tumors and led a substantial reduction of distant metastases. Our results are the first arguing for a crucial role of ?d T cells against CRC, specially in preventing the dissemination of colon cancer cells. Taken together, our results underline the role of of ?d T cells in theimmune response against colorectal cancer. Our findings put forward Vd2neg T cells as attractive candidates for novel anti-tumor immunotherapy protocols
Fauquembergue, Emilie. "Nouvelles stratégies d'immunothérapie cellulaire adoptive anti-tumorale basée sur l'activation de lymphocytes T cytotoxiques spécifiques : application aux cancers colorectaux." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUENR08.
Full textAdoptive immunotherapy, based on in vitro tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) activation and expansion, is a promising approach for cancer treatment. In this context, we used a strategy based on peripheral T cell activation with artificial antigen presenting cells (AAPC). To apply this strategy to colorectal cancer, that have a high mortality, the aim of this work was to select and assess the ability of various antigens to induce a specific cytotoxic response in HLA-A*0201 context. First, we were interested by carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a potential target for immunotherapy because of its frequent overexpression in human carcinoma. We show that CAP1, a HLA-A*0201-restricted CEA-derived peptide, was not efficiently presented by tumor cell and that CEA, regardless of the epitope, is flot an appropriate target for T cell-based immunotherapy, in the HLA-A*0201 context. The potential role of tolerance mechanisms in this absence of response, led us ta study neoantigens, for which less tolerance mechanisms are expected, in colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability due ta a repair defect of DNA and characterized by a high immune infiltrate and a botter prognosis. In order ta characterize the frameshift mutations inducing a cytotoxic T cell response in these tumors, we analyzed in 80 CRC MSI+ the frequency of frameshift mutation of 19 target genes by fluorescent multiplex PCR comparative analysis. The four most frequently mutated genes was ACVR2 (90,9%), TAF1B (83,5%), ASTE1/HT001 (80,2%) and TGFBR2 (78,2%). We correlated the presence of these mutations with infiltrating T cell rate (CD3 and CD8) in tumors and we have shown that this rate was associated with the presence of frameshift mutations within three target genes: ASTE1MT001 and PTEN (CD3 and CD8) and BAX (CD8). These results argue for the evaluation of these antigens in our system of AAPC
Laurent, Marie. "Métastases péniennes des cancers colo-rectaux : à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M169.
Full textCarnesecchi, Stéphanie. "Chimioprévention des cancers intestinaux par le géraniol,un monoterpène microconstituant des fruits et plantes aromatiques : Aspects moléculaire, cellulaire et physiopathologique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13137.
Full textOurs studies have shown that geraniol, an acyclic monoterpene found in vegetal essential oil, caused inhibition of human colonic cancer cells (Caco-2) growth (Carnesecchi, 2001). Ours results have shown that geraniol induced membrane depolarization. This membrane perturbation lead to Protein Kinase C inhibition and inhibition of ERK 1&2 phosphorylation (Carnesecchi, 2002). Geraniol induced inhibition of ADN synthesis. Nor apoptosis, nor cytotoxicity has been detected. Then, changes in membrane permeability and cellular effects of geraniol could explain antiproliferative effect of geraniol. It has been shown that Caco-2 cells, at confluency, expressed characteristics of enterocytes differentiation. The presence of these cells could explain the increased resistance of colonic tumors to chemotherapeutic agents (Lesuffleur, 1998). Ours studies have shown that geraniol blocked Caco-2 cell differentiation. Combination of geraniol and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was tested on differentiated Caco-2 cells. These results have shown that geraniol sensitized Caco-2 cells to 5-FU treatment, by increasing its antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects. These effects result from facilitate entry of 5-FU (Carnesecchi, 2001). The effects of geraniol and 5-FU were also evaluated in vivo on the growth of 5-FU-resistant human colonic tumour cells (TC-118) transplanted in Swiss nu/nu mice. The combined intraperitoneal administration of 5-FU (20 mg/kg/day) and geraniol (150 mg/kg/day) caused a 53% reduction of the tumour volume after 7 days compared to a reduction of 26% with geraniol alone. 5-FU alone had no effect on the development of the tumour. We conclude that the combined administration of geraniol and 5-FU sensitizes human colonic tumours to 5-FU treatment. This combination appears as promising approach for optimizing colorectal cancer chemotherapy
Chapel, Nathalie. "Hépatectomies itératives pour métastases de cancers colorectaux : à propos de 28 patients." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23086.
Full textZaanan, Aziz. "Impact du système de réparation des mésappariements de bases de l'ADN sur la réponse à la chimiothérapie adjuvante des cancers du côlon de stade III." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066428.
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