Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cancer – Nutritional aspects'
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Trotter, James Marshall. "Nutrition and cancer : studies on nutritional abnormalities, nutritional support and protein metabolism in malnourished cancer patients /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdt858.pdf.
Full textAmbrosini, Gina L. "Dietary risk factors for prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0135.
Full textKlopper, Tanya. "Safety and efficacy of n-3 enriched nutritional supplements in the management of cancer cachexia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1554.
Full textBackground At least 40 - 80% of all cancer patients develop some degree of clinical malnutrition and cachexia. The complex and multi-factorial nature of cancer cachexia and the inability of conventional nutrition intervention to reverse or attenuate the effects of this syndrome have driven investigators to consider new therapies and approaches to manage the syndrome of cancer cachexia including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an n-3 fatty acid of fish oil origin. Objectives The aim of this study was to review Phase I, Phase II and Phase III (RCT) trials investigating the safety and efficacy of n-3 supplementation in the treatment of cancer cachexia in adult patients with unresectable solid tumours, with special reference to weight loss, body composition, appetite, dietary intake, energy expenditure, functional status, acute phase response and quality of life. Adverse effects associated with EPA supplementation were also reviewed. Methodology and data collection The major databases were systematically searched for studies that met the inclusion criteria using a structured keyword search strategy or various combinations of these keywords. Relevancy of studies was assessed by two independent reviewers according to pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Jadad scale. Data extraction was performed by the principal reviewer and one of the independent reviewers, and investigators of the included studies were contacted where further information was required. Meta-analysis was not appropriate due to heterogeneity of the data. However, where possible, the paired t-test was used for analysis of the data. Descriptive or non-quantitative analysis of the tabulated data provided a summary of the characteristics of the included studies enabling comparisons to be made between interventions and outcomes within the specified population. Results The search resulted in a total of 1408 citations, of which only 16 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, only 4 studies were of a good quality. Although the reported data was incomplete and variable, the combined analyses suggested that the effect of EPA supplementation on weight, fat mass, dietary intake, energy expenditure, and acute phase response was not significant. Interestingly there appeared to be a significant increase increased or decreased? in lean body mass (p<0.05). There was little or no data to draw any conclusions regarding the effect of supplementation on appetite and quality of life. Conclusion Despite several limitations in this review, the data collected and analysed are suggestive of the beneficial effects of EPA supplementation, but there remains a significant lack of substantial evidence and conclusive statistical analysis to confirm that EPA supplementation is a safe and effective method of intervention in the management of patients with cancer cachexia.
Slegtenhorst, Sonja. "Antioxidant intake in paediatric oncology patients." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18050.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: The role of antioxidants and adequate nutrition in the prevention and course of cancer treatment is globally recognised in nullifying the effects of free radicals and increasing the nutritional status of children during treatment. Objective: To investigate whether children with cancer meet their Dietary Reference Values and Safe Intakes for antioxidants, energy and protein. Design: Single centre prospective study. Setting: Children were recruited from the East of England Primary Treatment Centre using convenience sampling over 8 months. Forty-two children and adolescents diagnosed with a Solid tumour, Lymphoma or Leukaemia were eligible for data analysis (n=20 male; n=22 female). Method: Data was collected with an Estimated Food Record (EFR) in the 1st (EFR1) and 3rd month (EFR2) post-diagnosis. In the week following EFR completion, parents and/or children were contacted to complete four non-consecutive days of 24-hr food recalls. Data was categorised into diet alone, diet + food supplement (FS), tube feeding (tube) or diet + multi-vitamin-mineral supplementation (VMS). Malnutrition was determined by weight-for-age z-scores. Nutrient intake was compared to the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI), the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) and the Lower Recommended Nutrient Intake (LRNI). Result: The sample consisted of 33% (n=14) diagnosed with Leukaemia, 24% (n=10) with Lymphoma and 43% (n=18) with Solid tumours. Sixty seven percent (n=28) underwent chemotherapy and 33% (n=14) a combination of therapies. Significant correlations were seen between the assessment tools in the diet alone category for both months for; vitamins A, C, E, selenium and protein and for EFR1 for zinc and energy. In both months greater numbers of children achieved ≥100% of requirements for diet + VMS (EFR 1; p<0.05; EFR2 p<0.05) than for other feeding modes. Vitamin C achieved the highest intakes compared to the RNI at 773% (EFR1) and 829% (EFR2). Intakes above 200% of the RNI were seen for vitamins A, C, E, selenium and zinc. No significant differences were seen between modes of feeding in either month for selenium or zinc. Vitamin A (EFR1≤ 100% diet alone p<0.05) and zinc (EFR1≤ 100% diet alone p=0.02) met the least of the LRNI in the 1st month compared to other antioxidants. No statistical significant difference was observed between the number of children attaining their EAR’s between the 3 modes of feeding in the 1st month and 3rd month. In the 1st month 27% (n=8) of participants consumed vitamin and/or mineral supplements, 18% in the 3rd month (n=4). In the 1st month 5% (n=2) of children were moderately malnourished and 10% (n=4) in 3rd month. Conversely in the 1st month 3% (n=1) were overweight and 3% (n=1) obese; the leukaemia group predominant. Conclusion: The research tools showed good correlation. Children using vitamin and/or mineral supplements mostly achieved their RNI’s compared to other feeding modes. Across feeding modes some children achieved antioxidant intakes above 200% RNI. LRNI’s on diet alone were not achieved for vitamin A and zinc. The study showed Leukaemics as having a higher prevalence of obesity. More research is required to determine the clinical implications of these findings.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Die rol van anti-oksidante en voldoende voeding in die voorkoming en verloop van kanker behandeling word wêreldwyd erken vir vernietiging van die effek van vry radikale en die verbetering van voedingstatus van kinders tydens behandeling. Doelwit: Om ondersoek in te stel of kinders met kanker hul Dieet Verwysingswaardes en Veilige Innames vir anti-oksidante, energie en proteïen bereik. Ontwerp: Enkel sentrum prospektiewe studie. Omgewing: Kinders was gewerf deur middel van gerieflikheidsteekproefneming oor 8 maande vanaf die “East of England Primary Treatment Centre”. Twee-en-veertig kinders en adolessente gediagnoseer met 'n Soliede tumor, Limfoom of Leukemie het in aanmerking gekom vir dataanalise (n=20 manlik, n=22 vroulik). Metode: Data was ingesamel met ‘n Geskatte Voedsel Rekord (GVR) in die eerste (GVR1) en derde maand (GVR2) na diagnose. In die week na voltooiing van die GVR is ouers en/of kinders gekontak om vier onopeenvolgende dae van 24-uur herroepe te voltooi. Data was verdeel in dieet alleen, dieet + voedsel supplement (VS), buisvoeding (buis) of dieet + multi-vitamien-mineraal supplementasie (VMS). Wanvoeding was bepaal deur middel van gewig-vir-ouderdom z-tellings. Nutriënt inname was vergelyk met die Aanbevole Nutriënt Inname (ANI), die Geskatte Gemiddelde Behoeftes (GGB) en die Laer Aanbevole Nutriënt Inname (LANI). Resultate: Die steekproef het bestaan uit 33% (n=14) gediagnoseer met Leukemie, 24% (n=10) Limfoom en 43% (n=18) Soliede tumore. Sewe-en-sestig persent (n=28) het chemoterapie ontvang en 33% (n=14) ‘n kombinasie van terapieë. Betekenisvolle korrelasies was waargeneem tussen die assesseringsinstrumente in die dieet alleen kategorie vir beide maande vir vitamiene A, C, E, selenium en proteïen en vir GVR1 ook vir sink en energie. In beide maande het ‘n groter aantal kinders ≥100% van hul behoeftes bereik vr dieet+VMS (GVR1; p<0.05; GVR2 p<0.05) as vir ander modi van voeding. Vitamien C het die hoogste innames bereik vergeleke met die ANI teen 773% (GVR1) en 829% (GVR2). Innames bo 200% van die ANI was waargeneem vir vitamiene A, C, E, selenium en sink. Geen betekenisvolle verskille was waargeneem tussen modi van voeding in enige maand vir selenium en sink nie. Vitamien A (GVR1≤100% dieet alleen p<0.05) en sink (GVR1≤100% dieet alleen p=0.02) het die minste van die LANI bereik in die eerste maand vergeleke met ander anti-oksidante. Geen statisties beduidende verskil was waargeneem tussen die aantal kinders wat hul GGB’s bereik het tussen die 3 voedingswyses in die eerste en derde maande nie. In die eerste maand het 27% (n=8) van deelnemers vitamien en/of mineraal supplemente ingeneem, en 18% (n=4) in die derde maand. In die eerste maand was 5% (n=2) van kinders matig wangevoed en 10% (n=4) in die derde maand. In die eerste maand was 3% (n=1) van kinders oorgewig en 3% (n=1) vetsugtig, die leukemie groep spesifiek. Gevolgtrekking: Die navorsingsinstrumente het goeie korrelasie getoon. Kinders wat vitamien en/of mineraal supplemente gebruik het het meestal hul ANI’s bereik vergeleke met ander modi van voeding. Oor voeding modi het sommige kinders anti-oksidant innames bo 200% ANI bereik. LANI’s op dieet alleen was nie bereik vir Vitamien A en sink nie. Hierdie studie het aangetoon dat dié met Leukemia ‘n hoër prevalensie van oorgewig/vetsug getoon het. Meer navorsing is nodig om die kliniese implikasies van die bevindinge te bepaal.
Van, Zyl Elizma. "Glutamine supplementation in oncology : a systematic review." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5198.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: See full text for abstract
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sien volteks vir opsomming
Khoo, Kong Kheong. "The influence of metabolic phenotypes upon the development of colorectal neoplasia /." Title page, table of contents and conclusions only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdk45.pdf.
Full textTaveroff, Arlene. "Metabolic derangements following bone marrow transplantation : an integrated analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74259.
Full textPark, Jin Young. "Diet, lifestyle factors and colorectal cancer risk : with focus on methodological issues." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609120.
Full textAbel, Stefan. "Fatty acids as cancer preventive tools in the dietary modulation of altered lipid profiles associated with hepatocarcinogenesis." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textBulcao, Candice. "Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and effects on colon cancer cell biology in vitro." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016128.
Full textCarman, Judith Anne. "The metabolic relationship between nutrition and cancer /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc287.pdf.
Full textTaskinen, Mervi. "Skeletal muscle protein reserves in children with cancer : nutritional and metabolic aspects from diagnosis to long-term follow-up." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2000. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/taskinen/.
Full textXiang, Hong. "Effects and mechanism(s) of isoflavones and their metabolites in hormonal cancer cells in vitro." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27984.
Full textIsenring, Elisabeth A. "The impact of nutrition support in oncology outpatients receiving radiotherapy to the gastrointestinal or head and neck area." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36795/1/36795_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
Full textChen, Chujian 1966. "Antitumor properties of kefir : possible bioactive component(s) and mechanism(s)." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85139.
Full textSibani, Sahar. "Genetic and nutritional folate deficiency : implications for homocystinuria and intestinal neoplasia." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31539.
Full textThe more common and mild deficiency observed in the general healthy population is probably due in part to insufficient dietary intake of folate. Folate deficiency has been associated with increased risk for colon cancer. In a pilot study presented here, the impact of altered folate intake on tumor multiplicity in the Min mouse, a model for multiple intestinal neoplasia, was assessed. Folate deficient diets did not produce a consistent change in tumor numbers. However, a linear correlation between S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine content of preneoplastic tissue and tumor multiplicity was identified.
This thesis contributes to our understanding of the impact of genetic- and/or dietary-induced folate deficiency on cellular and organismal functions.
Bauer, Judith D. "New insights into medical nutrition therapy for cancer cachexia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36794/1/36794_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
Full textMehrfar, Parisa. "Biological markers of weight loss and muscle protein metabolism in early non-small cell lung cancer." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116069.
Full textRogers, Wendy J. "Effects of dietary stearic and linoleic acid on mammary carcinogenesis and longevity of aging strain A/ST mice." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115733.
Full textDepartment of Biology
Gridley, Shelly M. "The effect of dietary fatty acids on cholesterol/phospholipid ratios and fatty acids in plasma membranes of spontaneous mammary tumors from strain A/ST mice." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722452.
Full textDepartment of Biology
Mina, Kym Deanne. "Measurement of fish consumption in population-based studies of cancer." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0093.
Full textRohan, Thomas Edward. "Diet, hormones and breast cancer : a case-control study in women /." Title page, table of contents, summary and appendices only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr7373.pdf.
Full textTabatabaei, Seyed Mehdi. "The relationship between dietary factors, meat consumption, heterocyclic amines, Benzo[a]pyrene, meat-derived mutagenic activity and colorectal cancer in Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0059.
Full textVogel, Hubert. "Alimentation et cancer : étude des principaux facteurs cancérogènes incriminés." Strasbourg 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR10552.
Full textRigaud, Jacques. "Alimentation et cancer colo-rectal : résultats de l'enquête cas-témoins menée en 1985-1987 au C.R.C.L. de Montpellier." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11179.
Full textBonifacj, Cécile. "Alimentation et cancer : comparaison et validation de 3 méthodes d'évaluation de la consommation alimentaire." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11054.
Full textFassier, Philippine. "Alimentation, consommation d’alcool, activité physique, prise de compléments alimentaires, variation de poids et représentations nutritionnelles : évolution avant/apres diagnostic d’un cancer." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD072/document.
Full textWhile cancer survivors are at increased risk for negative conditions as second cancers, other comorbidities, and functional decline ; lifestyle factors, such as a healthy diet, regular exercise and weight control, may contribute to prevent these conditions and improve survivors' quality of life. In this context, aims of this thesis were, among cancer survivors from the French prospective NutriNet-Santé study, to 1) investigate nutritional variations between before and after cancer diagnosis as well as dietary supplements use, and 2) evaluate opinions relating to some diet factors and to weight-loss restrictive diets and fasting practices, and to link them on the one hand to their real practices, and, on the other hand, to their sources of nutritional information.In the first part, our results highlight some healthy behaviors such as a decrease in alcohol and sweetened drinks consumption, but also less favorable trends, such as a decrease in vegetable consumption and in many vitamin and mineral intakes. We also observed a decline in overall and vigorous physical activity after diagnosis, especially in prostate and skin cancers, in men and professionally inactive patients. Concomitantly, we observed an increase in sedentary behaviors, especially in women, older subjects and professionally inactive patients. We also observed that while weight loss was reported in many colorectal cancer patients, a substantial proportion of breast cancer patients gained weight. Sociodemographic and economic factors appeared as important determinants of weight gain, illustrating social inequalities in health (higher risk among patients with lower income and lower education). Our results suggest that dietary supplements use was widespread among cancer survivors, a large amount of which being used without any medical supervision, including a non-negligible proportion of patients having dietary supplement practices which can be considered as “at risk”. In a second part, we observed that opinions from cancer survivors regarding some nutritional factors seemed to impact their dietary practices and were themselves impacted by sources of nutritional information. In particular, opinions regarding alcohol consumption were concerning, with an important proportion of cancer survivors who thought that alcohol consumption (and even more regarding red wine) had a positive impact on their disease. Weight-loss restrictive diets were practiced by a large number of cancer survivors since their diagnosis, while fasting was less practiced, but was far from being an isolated phenomenon
Jahan, Sophie. "Quelques aspects diététiques en relation avec le cancer de la vessie." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P050.
Full textGuyonnet, Denis. "Mécanismes d'action des composés soufrés des alliacées sur les phases précoces de la cancérogenèse : initiation, promotion." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS011.
Full textGroubet, Rachel. "Étude de l'action de la vitamine A sur le risque de cancer colique lié à une surcharge lipidique." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12325.
Full textNorat-Soto, Teresa. "Le rôle de la consommation de viandes, charcuteries et poissons dans l’étiologie de cancer du côlon et du rectum : résultats de l’Etude Prospective Européenne sur la Nutrition et le Cancer (EPIC)." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/3094/.
Full textFacina, Vanessa Barbosa [UNESP]. "Evolução do estado nutricional de mulheres com cânceres de mama, ovário ou útero e associação com a ingestão alimentar e sintomas gastrintestinais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88674.
Full textUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O câncer é um importante problema de saúde pública mundial e, também, em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. Dentre os tipos mais frequentes entre as mulheres brasileiras, têm-se os cânceres de mama, de colo de útero e de ovário. Nesta pesquisa foram estudados aspectos relativos à alimentação e nutrição de mulheres acometidas por estes cânceres ginecológicos, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da quimioterapia na evolução do estado nutricional destas mulheres considerando os sintomas gastrintestinais, o consumo alimentar e as alterações nos exames bioquímicos. Participaram do estudo 29 mulheres, sendo 22 acometidas pelo câncer de mama, 4 pelo câncer de ovário e 3 pelo o de colo de útero. Para tanto, no 1º, 3º e 5º ciclos de quimioterapia foram realizadas entrevistas nas quais as pacientes eram inquiridas sobre intolerâncias alimentares, sintomas gastrintestinais e aplicada a Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida Pelo Paciente (ASG-PPP).O consumo alimentar foi avaliado pelo recordatório do consumo de 24 horas, no dia que precedeu a quimioterapia e no dia do procedimento. No dia da quimioterapia foi realizada ainda a avaliação antropométrica. Os dados de exames bioquímicos e de protocolos de quimioterapia foram coletados dos prontuários. Como resultado se obteve que durante a quimioterapia, os sintomas mais frequentes foram: náusea, disgeusia, obstipação, anorexia, diarreia e mucosite. O consumo alimentar sofreu redução em relação à quantidade de energia e nutrientes ingeridos no período em que a paciente realizava a sessão quimioterápica em relação ao período que antecedia a esta. Houve pequena, mas significativa redução na média geral do peso corporal do primeiro para o terceiro ciclo de quimioterapia. No entanto, a maioria das mulheres com câncer de mama ganhou peso...
Cancer is an important public health problem worldwide, and also in developing countries like Brazil. Among the most frequent type affecting Brazilian women, there are cancers of breast, cervical and ovarian. This research studies the aspects related to feeding and nutrition of women affected by these gynecological cancers, with the goal to assess the effect of chemotherapy on the evolution of the nutritional status of these women considering gastrointestinal symptoms, food consumption and changes in biochemical tests. The study included 29 women, 22 affected by breast cancer, 4 by ovarian cancer, and 3 had cervical cancer. Interviews were conducted, on first, third and fifth chemotherapy protocols, in which patients were asked about food intolerance, gastrointestinal symptoms and applied Subjective Global Assessment Produced by the Patient. Dietary intake was assessed by recall of consumption of 24 hours on the day prior to chemotherapy and the day of the procedure. On the day of chemotherapy was also evaluation anthropometric. The data from biochemical and chemotherapy protocols were collected from medical records. As a result it was found that during chemotherapy, being the most common symptoms were: nausea, dysgeusia, constipation, anorexia, diarrhea and mucositis. Food consumption reduced in relation to the amount of energy and nutrients consumed in the period in which the patient was a chemotherapy session in relation to the period preceding this. There was a small but significant reduction in overall mean body weight from first to third cycle of chemotherapy. However, most women with breast cancer gained weight during the procedure. There was no association between frequency of symptoms with the anthropometric indicators, but rather with the consumption of macronutrients and erythrocytes. The ASG-PPP showed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mahamat, Saleh Yahya. "Etude des associations entre facteurs nutritionnels et risque de cancers cutanés dans les cohortes E3N et EPIC Citrus Intake and Risk of Skin Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Cohort Patterns of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Dietary Intake and Melanoma Thickness at Diagnosis Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level, Vitamin D Intake, and Risk of Skin Cancers: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Skin Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study in French Women. Am JClin Nutr Antioxidant Supplement Use and Risk of Keratinocytes Cancers: A Prospective Cohort Study Baseline and Lifetime Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Skin Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition cohort (EPIC)." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASR008.
Full textTitle: Associations between nutritional factors and skin cancer risk in the E3N and EPIC cohortsSkin cancers are the most frequent neoplasms in Caucasian populations and their incidence has been constantly rising. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is the only environmental risk factor recognized as a cause of skin cancer and the only factor for which prevention is possible. However, it appears increasingly likely that several nutritional factors, particularly antioxidants, could counteract the negative effects of UV exposure and thus potentially represent chemo-preventive agents for skin cancer. It has also been suggested that several food groups, such as citrus, dietary supplements, vitamin D, fatty acids, and alcohol, could be associated with skin cancer risk. However, investigations to date did not allow to draw clear conclusions; few prospective data are indeed available within a sufficiently large sample and available sun exposure data. It is thus crucial to advance our knowledge in this field in order to target skin cancer prevention campaigns more precisely.The objective of this doctoral project was to study the relationships between nutritional factors and skin cancer risk. To achieve our objective, we used data from E3N, a prospective cohort of ~ 100,000 French women followed since 1990, data from EPIC cohort, a prospective cohort involving ~520,000 participants who have been followed-up in 23 centers from 10 European countries, and data from PMP, a prospective study of ~700 melanoma patients diagnosed in Queensland between 2010 and 2014. Additionally, data from the literature were summarized and pooled in a systematic review and meta-analysis.Our results suggest that adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower skin cancer risk in women, particularly melanoma and basal-cell carcinoma. Intake of supplements in beta-carotene, vitamin A or E was associated with an increased keratinocyte cancer risk in women. In addition, we found positive linear relationships between citrus intake and skin cancer risk, which were mostly driven by associations with keratinocyte cancers, and between alcohol consumption and overall skin cancer risk. However, our results also suggest that people with high meat, fish, and fat intakes, who thus consumed relatively high levels of omega-3 and high omega-6 fatty acid intakes, are more likely to be diagnosed with thick than thin melanomas. In the meta-analysis, we found positive associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and melanoma and keratinocyte cancer risk.This project highlighted complex relationships between nutritional factors and the risk of skin cancers. It also raised several questions that could be considered for further study. If replicated and confirmed in future research, these findings may ultimately have important implications in skin cancer prevention.Keyword: skin cancer ; Mediterranean diet ; antioxidant supplements ; citrus ; alcohol ; dietary pattern; vitamin D; prospective cohort; meta-analysis
Prado, Corina Dias do [UNESP]. "Avaliação nutricional de pacientes com câncer." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88679.
Full textUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar vários métodos de avaliação nutricional aplicados a pacientes oncológicos. No primeiro capítulo, discutiu-se a literatura existente sobre o tema, a fim de servir de subsídio para alertar os profissionais de saúde sobre a importância e as implicações do estado nutricional do paciente para seu prognóstico e qualidade de vida. No segundo capítulo, realizou-se a adaptação cultural da Avaliação Subjetiva Global – Produzida pelo Paciente (ASG-PPP) e estimou-se sua reprodutibilidade. No terceiro capítulo, calculou-se as medidas estimadas de peso e altura de 62 pacientes, avaliou-se sua correlação e concordância com as medidas reais e identificou-se o risco de desnutrição de pacientes oncológicos, o qual foi aferido a partir de diferentes métodos. No quarto capítulo, investigou-se as características clínicas, sócio-demográficas e o estado nutricional de 134 pacientes oncológicos atendidos no Hospital Amaral Carvalho- Jaú, SP, no período de abril a novembro de 2008
The aim of this study was to describe the several methods of nutritional assessment applied in patients with cancer. In the first chapter, the current literature on this topic is described in order to make health professionals aware of the importance and implications of the nutritional status for the prognosis and quality of life of patients with cancer. In the second chapter, the transcultural adaptation of the “Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was performed and its reliability was estimated. In the third chapter, the estimated measures of weight and height (n=62) were calculated, the correlation and concordance with real measurements were assessed, and the risk of malnutrition of patients with cancer was identified by means of different methods of evaluation. In the fourth chapter, the clinical and demographic characteristics, and the nutritional status of 134 oncologic patients at Amaral Carvalho Hospital-Jaú, SP, are investigated between April and November 2008
Garcia, Vânia Cristina Lamônica [UNESP]. "Estado nutricional e níveis plasmáticos de trauma e seus precursores em pacientes portadores de neoplasias malignas de esôfago." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86326.
Full texto paciente com câncer de esôfago tem a desnutrição protéico-energética como principal fator de risco. A taurina é um composto sulfurado que participa de funções fisiológicas importantes, como a manutenção do sistema de defesa do organismo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o metabolismo da taurina e seus precursores e a associação destes, com os indicadores nuíricionais de pacientes com câncer de esôfago. Para tanto, realizou-se estudo prospectivo com corte vertical e grupo controle, em 18 pacientes (43-73 anos) portadores de neoplasia maligna de esôfago, e 20 voluntários (27-65 anos) controles sadios. Em todos foram realizadas dosagens plasmáticas de taurina, cisteína e homocisteína e avaliação do estado nutricional antropométrico e bioquímico. Paralelamente, foram coletados dados referentes à história e ao diagnóstico clínico e período de sobrevivência dos pacientes. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste t de Sfudenf e correlação de Pearson. O câncer de esôfago foi mais predominante no sexo masculino e na raça branca. Houve maior freqüência do carcinoma espino celular e localização no terço superior. A maioria dos pacientes. no momento do diagnóstico, apresentou estágio avançado da doença (estadio IV). A perda de peso nos pacientes foi de 14,9%, entretanto, variáveis CMB e %GC não apresentaram diferença estatística com o controle. Adicionalmente, no grupo de estudo, foram observadas hipoalbuminemia e elevação da PCR (55,5% e 50% dos pacientes, respectivamente). Os níveis de Hb, Ht, Colesterol total, HOL e cisteína foram menores, e os de TGO, TGP, taurina e homocisteína maiores significativamente do que o grupo controle (p<0,05). A taurina se correlacionou positivamente com CTL (r=0,49 e p=O,03) e a sobrevida...
The main risk factor of the esophagus' cancer patient is pratein-energetic malnourishment. Taurine is a sulphur-containing amino acid which takes part in important physiological functions such as organíc defense system maintenance. The objective of this work was to study the metabolism of taurine and its precursors and their association with nutritional indicators in patients with esophagus cancer whose main risk factor is protein-energy undemutrition. This was a prospective study with a vertical cut and control group with 18 malignant esophageal neoplasia (4373yrs) and 20 healthy volunteers (27-65yrs). Ali individuais were scrutinized with respect to their plasma levels of taurine, cysteine, and homocysteine and underwent nutritional, anthropometrical, and biomedical state evaluation. Also data were collected on patient history, clínical diagnosis, and survival time. Data were analyzed by Student t and Pearson Correlatíon tests. Esophagus cancer was more predominant in white males. Squamous cel! carcinoma and superior third location were frequent Most patients were in the advanced stage when diagnosed (Stage IV). Patient weight loss was 14.9%, however, AMC and %BF were not statistically different to contrais. Additionally hypoalbuminemia and elevaíed PCR (in 55.5% & 50% of patients, respectively). Hb, Ht, total cholesterol, HDL, and cysteine were significantly lower, and GOT, GPT, taurine, and homocysteine significantly higher than controls (p<0.05). Taurine positively correlated with CTL... (Complete abstract click eletronic address below)
Ahouandjinou, Theodora Vignon. "Facteurs nutritionnels associés à la présence de lésions précancéreuses de la prostate (PIN) chez des hommes ayant une hypertrophie bénigne de la protestate." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19946.
Full textLarouche, Danielle. "Évaluation de la relation entre les apports en antioxydants et le niveau d'expression de marqueurs inflammatoires dans le tissu mammaire normal de femmes atteintes du cancer du sein." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27701.
Full textDiet plays an important role in the development of breast cancer, but the influence of dietary factors on the mammary tissue is poorly understood. One possible underlying mechanism is the generation of oxidative stress favoring inflammation and tumorigenic processes. Consequently, antioxidant consumption that fosters tissue inflammation reduction could prevent breast cancer risk. However, few studies have explored relationships between antioxidant intakes and inflammation marker expression in breast tissue. This project aimed to evaluate potential link between the intake of antioxidants that have been associated with breast cancer risk and the protein expression level of 11 inflammatory markers in normal breast tissue of 160 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Antioxidant intakes were collected using a self-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire designed to measure dietary patterns and supplement intake over the past year. Inflammation marker expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Correlations between antioxidant intakes and inflammatory marker expression were explored using the Spearman’s partial correlation coefficients (r) for all women, and then for premenopausal and postmenopausal women separately. After Bonferroni correction, negative correlations were observed between dietary beta-tocopherol and IL-10 expression in all women combined (r=-0.26) and among postmenopausal women (r=-0.39). For all women, negative correlation was found between total zinc intakes and IL-10 (r=-0.26). Among postmenopausal women, dietary selenium intake was negatively correlated with the expression of lactoferrin (r=-0.39). No associations were observed in premenopausal women. Our findings suggest that consumption of specific antioxidants, including beta-tocopherol, zinc and selenium, may act on the breast tissue through mechanisms affecting the expression of certain inflammation markers and that this would be influenced by the menopausal status.
Trompe, Fabrice. "Approche méthodologique du r̂ole prophylactique des vitamines et du sélénium vis-à-vis des cancers." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P097.
Full textSantarelli, Raphaelle. "Charcuteries et cancérogenèse colorectale : additifs alimentaires et procédés de fabrication inhibant la promotion chez le rat." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/972/.
Full textConsumption of cured meat is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. The aim of this thesis was (i) to validate this promotive in a rodent model and (ii) to find compounds that inhibit this promoting effect. A pork shoulder, rich in heam, cured with nitrited salt, cooked and oxidized (5d in a fridge) promoted preneoplasic lesions in dimethylhydrazine-initiated rat. This promotion was associated high level of fecal N-nitroso compounds. When diet was added with calcium carbonate, or when cured meat was added with a-tocopherol, meat-induced promotion was inhibited. Besides, hot dog sausage promotes preneoplasic lesions in rats, and dietary calcium inhibited this promotion. We think cancer incidence could be reduced by increasing calcium intake, or by changing cured meat process
Kuhn, Mirjam. "Evaluation de l'efficacité et de la tolérance de trois mélanges conçus pour la nutrition entérale de longue durée : approches expérimentale et clinique." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P607.
Full textStandard enteral nutrition formulas do not meet the specific requirements of various categories of patients. Three new formulas for long-term enteral feeding have been developed in order to cover the respective (specific) nutritional needs of clinically stable normally-fed patients requiring long-term enteral feeding (Sondalis® Maintenance), of hospitalized malnourished elderly subjects (Patriarch), and of cachectic cancer patients under active treatment (Formula One). Our aim was to evaluate the efficiency of this formulas experimentally and/or clinically. Sondalis® Maintenance's efficiency in maintaining body weight and blood chemistry was evaluated in a clinical study in well-nourished stable patients. The preliminary results on nine patients showed that this diet maintained the stability of their body weight and biological homeostasis after six months of nutrition. Patriarch was first evaluated in enterally-fed old rats. In this model Patriarch limited stress-induced weight loss, and improved protein metabolism (increased cumulative nitrogen balance, intestinal protein content and bioavailability of amino acids) and intestinal transit (increased stool weight). This formula was further evaluated in a clinical study in hospitalized malnourished elderly. However only four patients were enrolled and only two of them completed the study: one patient in the group Patriarch and one in the control group Sondalis® Iso. Analysis of these two cases indicated that Patriarch was well tolerated and improved glucose homeostasis. These encouraging results need to be confirmed in a prospective clinical trial. The efficiency of the third formula, Formula One + GLN was assessed in a model of turpentine-induced hypercatabolism in rats. This study did not allow us to demonstrate an advantage in terms of nutritional status and inflammatory state in favour of Formula One + GLN compared to a standard diet. In addition, the incidence of diarrhoea in the Formula One group suggested a poor digestive tolerance, probably due to the high osmolarity of Formula One + GLN. While a clinical trial was scheduled to assess the safety and efficacy of this formula in head and neck cancer patients treated with radiochemotherapy, the poor digestive tolerance observed in the experimental study and major difficulties in patient recruitment led to the project being postponed. Putting aside the difficulties encountered in the experimental and clinical demonstration of the efficiency of nutritional concept, this work demonstrates that the adaptation of enteral nutrition to the specific requirements of various clinical situations is feasible and potentially beneficial for the patient
Walter, Allison. "Propriétés anti-angiogéniques des polyphénols du vin rouge in vivo : rôle potentiel dans la prévention de l'athérosclérose et des cancers." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6268.
Full textIn 2005 the World Health Organization (WHO) mentioned 58 millions of death among them 30% are attributated to cadiovascular disease and 13% to cancers, pathologies associated to angiogenesis. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that a regular intake of fruits, vegetables and red wine is associated to a reduced risk of ardiovascular diseases and cancers. This protective effect has been attributed to polyphenolic compounds. The major goal of this study is to evaluate the in vivo anti-angiogenic potential of red wine polyphenols and to determine if these properties participate the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and tumoral development. A first study demonstrated that in vivo intake of red wine polyphenols prevent oxidative stress and pro-angiogenic factors induced by angiotensin II. A second one, demonstrated that the pro-angiogenic effect of angiotensine II is associated to the development of new blood vessels and to pro-angiogenic factors. Red wine polyphenols intake prevent new blood vessels formation as weel as pro-angiogenic factors expression. A sub-cutanous colorectal cancer model, let us to show that red wine polyhenols intake in vivo, reduces tumor development, neo-angiogenesis, tumor pro-angiogenic factors and induces apoptosis
Decourcelle, Amélie. "Régulation de l’expression d’UNC5A par l’axe OGT/EZH2 : une nouvelle connexion entre nutrition, épigénétique et cancer colorectal ?" Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1S106.
Full textAlthough many studies support a close relationship between nutritional disorders, epigenetic changes and the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The UNC5H tumor suppressor genes (UNC5A, B, C and D) that code for membrane receptors controlling the survival/apoptosis balance are among the genes frequently repressed during colonic carcinogenesis by epigenetic mechanisms that are still poorly understood. In the AOM/DSS mouse model of colonic carcinogenesis, we showed that UNC5A, UNC5B and UNC5C expression was decreased in tumors but exclusively in mice subjected to a High Carbohydrate Diet (HCD) during all the time course of the experiment, thus linking nutrition to their repression in CRC. O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification targeting thousands of nucleocytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins involved in various fundamental cellular processes including epigenetic regulation of gene expression and whose levels are increased during colonic carcinogenesis. O-GlcNAcylation levels depend of UDP-GlcNAc, the sugar nucleotide donor of the reaction, which itself is at the crossroad of several metabolisms, thus defining this glycosylation as a nutritional sensor. In this context, we hypothesized that O-GlcNAcylation could be one of the molecular relays between nutrition and UNC5H genes repression during colonic carcinogenesis. In human colon cancer cells, by using a combination of pharmacological inhibitions and siRNA approaches coupled to RT-qPCR analyses and promoter activities studies, we showed that O-GlcNAcylation and EZH2 (the catalytic subunit of the PRC2 complex responsible for the deposition of the epigenetic repressive mark H3K27Me3) act jointly to repress UNC5A expression. More precisely, by CUT&RUN experiments, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation of EZH2 allows its recruitment onto the UNC5A promoter to repress its transcription. To conclude, all these results confirm the hypothesis that O-GlcNAcylation could be a new connection between nutrition and epigenetic regulation of tumor suppressor genes governing the cancerization of the colonic mucosa
Garcia, Vânia Cristina Lamônica. "Estado nutricional e níveis plasmáticos de trauma e seus precursores em pacientes portadores de neoplasias malignas de esôfago /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86326.
Full textAbstract: The main risk factor of the esophagus' cancer patient is pratein-energetic malnourishment. Taurine is a sulphur-containing amino acid which takes part in important physiological functions such as organíc defense system maintenance. The objective of this work was to study the metabolism of taurine and its precursors and their association with nutritional indicators in patients with esophagus cancer whose main risk factor is protein-energy undemutrition. This was a prospective study with a vertical cut and control group with 18 malignant esophageal neoplasia (4373yrs) and 20 healthy volunteers (27-65yrs). Ali individuais were scrutinized with respect to their plasma levels of taurine, cysteine, and homocysteine and underwent nutritional, anthropometrical, and biomedical state evaluation. Also data were collected on patient history, clínical diagnosis, and survival time. Data were analyzed by Student t and Pearson Correlatíon tests. Esophagus cancer was more predominant in white males. Squamous cel! carcinoma and superior third location were frequent Most patients were in the advanced stage when diagnosed (Stage IV). Patient weight loss was 14.9%, however, AMC and %BF were not statistically different to contrais. Additionally hypoalbuminemia and elevaíed PCR (in 55.5% & 50% of patients, respectively). Hb, Ht, total cholesterol, HDL, and cysteine were significantly lower, and GOT, GPT, taurine, and homocysteine significantly higher than controls (p<0.05). Taurine positively correlated with CTL... (Complete abstract click eletronic address below)
Orientador: Maria Aparecida Arruda Coelho Henry
Coorientador: Roberto Carlos Burini
Mestre
Mathieu-Nicot, Florence. "La nutrition parentérale chez les patients en phase palliative de cancer : de "l'oralité bouche" à "l'oralité cutanée"." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA1021/document.
Full textThe practice of prescribing parenteral nutrition in the palliative phase of cancer leads to different reactions in patients. In this work, we will take a psychological approach to the experience of body image in this phase of cancer. Interviewing patients who accept or refuse this parenteral nutrition, we will focus on certain functions of the “Moi-peau” concept defined by Didier Anzieu. Indeed, creating an artificial area of the body for nutrition purposes disturbs body image in the field of orality. How will the “me” of the subject invest in this new body economically ?
Senesse, Pierre. "Alimentation et cancérogénèse colorectale : de l'adénome au cancer." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON1T018.
Full textFacina, Vanessa Barbosa. "Evolução do estado nutricional de mulheres com cânceres de mama, ovário ou útero e associação com a ingestão alimentar e sintomas gastrintestinais /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88674.
Full textAbstract: Cancer is an important public health problem worldwide, and also in developing countries like Brazil. Among the most frequent type affecting Brazilian women, there are cancers of breast, cervical and ovarian. This research studies the aspects related to feeding and nutrition of women affected by these gynecological cancers, with the goal to assess the effect of chemotherapy on the evolution of the nutritional status of these women considering gastrointestinal symptoms, food consumption and changes in biochemical tests. The study included 29 women, 22 affected by breast cancer, 4 by ovarian cancer, and 3 had cervical cancer. Interviews were conducted, on first, third and fifth chemotherapy protocols, in which patients were asked about food intolerance, gastrointestinal symptoms and applied Subjective Global Assessment Produced by the Patient. Dietary intake was assessed by recall of consumption of 24 hours on the day prior to chemotherapy and the day of the procedure. On the day of chemotherapy was also evaluation anthropometric. The data from biochemical and chemotherapy protocols were collected from medical records. As a result it was found that during chemotherapy, being the most common symptoms were: nausea, dysgeusia, constipation, anorexia, diarrhea and mucositis. Food consumption reduced in relation to the amount of energy and nutrients consumed in the period in which the patient was a chemotherapy session in relation to the period preceding this. There was a small but significant reduction in overall mean body weight from first to third cycle of chemotherapy. However, most women with breast cancer gained weight during the procedure. There was no association between frequency of symptoms with the anthropometric indicators, but rather with the consumption of macronutrients and erythrocytes. The ASG-PPP showed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Maria Rita Marques de Oliveira
Coorientador: Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
Banca: Vânia Aparecida Leandro Merhi
Banca: Maria Jacira Silva Simões
Mestre
Prado, Corina Dias do. "Avaliação nutricional de pacientes com câncer /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88679.
Full textBanca: Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos
Banca: Ana Lúcia Coradazzi
Banca: Camila Pinelli
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar vários métodos de avaliação nutricional aplicados a pacientes oncológicos. No primeiro capítulo, discutiu-se a literatura existente sobre o tema, a fim de servir de subsídio para alertar os profissionais de saúde sobre a importância e as implicações do estado nutricional do paciente para seu prognóstico e qualidade de vida. No segundo capítulo, realizou-se a adaptação cultural da Avaliação Subjetiva Global - Produzida pelo Paciente (ASG-PPP) e estimou-se sua reprodutibilidade. No terceiro capítulo, calculou-se as medidas estimadas de peso e altura de 62 pacientes, avaliou-se sua correlação e concordância com as medidas reais e identificou-se o risco de desnutrição de pacientes oncológicos, o qual foi aferido a partir de diferentes métodos. No quarto capítulo, investigou-se as características clínicas, sócio-demográficas e o estado nutricional de 134 pacientes oncológicos atendidos no Hospital Amaral Carvalho- Jaú, SP, no período de abril a novembro de 2008
Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the several methods of nutritional assessment applied in patients with cancer. In the first chapter, the current literature on this topic is described in order to make health professionals aware of the importance and implications of the nutritional status for the prognosis and quality of life of patients with cancer. In the second chapter, the transcultural adaptation of the "Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was performed and its reliability was estimated. In the third chapter, the estimated measures of weight and height (n=62) were calculated, the correlation and concordance with real measurements were assessed, and the risk of malnutrition of patients with cancer was identified by means of different methods of evaluation. In the fourth chapter, the clinical and demographic characteristics, and the nutritional status of 134 oncologic patients at Amaral Carvalho Hospital-Jaú, SP, are investigated between April and November 2008
Mestre
Lecuyer, Lucie. "Signatures métabolomiques associées au risque à long terme de cancers du sein et de la prostate et à l’alimentation dans la cohorte SU.VI.MAX : Nouveaux horizons ouverts par la métabolomique appliquée à l’épidémiologie nutritionnelle." Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131023.
Full textBreast and prostate cancers are among the cancers with the highest incidence worldwide and notably in Western countries. The main current challenges lie in the improvement of understanding of nutrition/health relationships and in the identification of individuals at higher risk long before the development of overt cancer to set up prevention actions. A variety of factors exert an impact on the onset and progression of cancer. Among these, nutrition appears as a key factor, in that it can be modified and acted upon through interventions. It is therefore crucial to assess its contribution. For this purpose,detailed and accurate assessment of nutritional intake is essential. Metabolomics, allowing the identification of endogenous, exogenous and microbial biomarkers, opens new perspectives in nutritional epidemiology. So far, few have studies investigated the impact of overall diet on metabolism and risk of breast and prostate cancer through metabolomic profiling. As part of this thesis, we conducted nested case-controls and cross-sectional studies within the SU.VI.MAX cohort to highlight plasma signatures of breast and prostate cancer risks and of overall diet. Plasma samples were collected at baseline and were analysed using two complementary methods : mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Participants dietary habits were estimated using repeated 24h dietary records and socio-demographic and lifestyle data were collected from self-administered questionnaires.These investigations highlighted endogenous and microbial metabolites associated with overall diet as well as candidate biomarkers of specific dietary exposures. We also identified endogenous, exogenous and microbial metabolites associated with breast and prostate cancers risk suggesting a metabolic disruption up to 13 years before cancer diagnostic. Furthermore, diet appears to be implicated in the variation in plasma levels of some metabolites discriminating individuals at higher risk of developing breast or prostate cancers. These results need to be replicated in future independent observational and interventional studies. In the future, the identification of robust metabolic signatures of breast and prostate cancers risk, of the impact of diet on metabolism and carcinogenesis, and food intake would contribute to better understand health and environment relationships, to better estimate nutritional exposure or even to contribute to the set-up of new public health recommendations in order to reduce the incidence of these pathologies
Chaltiel, Dan. "Développement et validation du score d’adhérence aux recommandations nutritionnelles françaises de 2017 et associations avec la santé." Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131074.
Full textThis thesis presents the development and scientific validation of the PNNS-GS2, the dietary quality score based on the 2017 update of the French recommendations, as well as its association with overweight and obesity, mortality, cardiovascular diseases and cancers, pathologies frequently linked to diet.The analyses are based on data from participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort, including validated 24-hour dietary records, numerous socio-demographic and anthropometric variables, and clinical-biological indicators.The associations observed between PNNS-GS2 and the socio-demographic, nutritional and clinical-biological factors studied are consistent with the literature and attest to its validity. Its significant association with a reduction in the risk of overweight/obesity, non-accidental mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer contributes to reinforcing the relevance of the new nutritional recommendations.These results will promote the dissemination and scientific acceptance of these recommendations, and provide an indicator for further study
Drareni, Kenza. "Taste and cancer : satisfy the senses to maintain food enjoyment during chemotherapy." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1008.
Full textMaintaining the pleasure of eating during a chemotherapy treatment is a major challenge for patients, their families and hospital catering professionals to avoid malnutrition. However, the sensory alterations frequently observed in patients and expressed differently from one patient to another can interfere with the taste of food and reduce the pleasure resulting from food consumption. The aim of this work is to contribute to define a model of the effect of chemotherapy during cancer on olfactory and gustatory abilities of patients, and the consequences that this may have on their eating behavior. The first part of this work focuses on understanding the variability of sensory changes and their consequences on patients’ eating behavior. Our results highlighted three main sensory profiles : patients with no sensory impairment, patients with hyposensitivity, and patients with hypersensitivity to olfactory / gustatory stimuli. Patients with impaired olfactory / gustatory abilities expressed also changes in their food behavior.The classification of patients on the basis of their self-reported sensory abilities highlighted the negative impact of hyposensitivity on food taste perception. The classification based on psychophysical assessment of olfactory abilities showed a change in consumption habits in patients with hyposmia. Both approaches found a general downward trend in perceptual abilities of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.In the second part of this work we examined the effect of food sensory enhancement as a coping strategy to sensory alterations. The results suggest that taste or aroma enhancement increases food liking in patients with decreased olfactory / taste sensitivity, and patients who did not report taste and smell deficits but has no effect on the hedonic rating of food in the group of control subjects. This work highlights the interindividual diversity existing between patients and confirms the involvement of olfactory / taste alterations in patients food behavior modification. Our results stresses the importance of personalized nutritional management of patients considering their sensory alteration profile