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Journal articles on the topic 'Cancer – Mortality – New South Wales'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

McCredie, Margaret, Marylon S. Coates, Peter Day, and Jane C. Bell. "Changes in cancer incidence and mortality in New South Wales." Medical Journal of Australia 163, no. 10 (November 1995): 520–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124717.x.

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2

Taylor, Richard, Stephen Morrell, Jane Estoesta, and Ann Brassil. "Mammography Screening and Breast Cancer Mortality in New South Wales, Australia." Cancer Causes & Control 15, no. 6 (August 2004): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:caco.0000036153.95908.f2.

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3

Burnley, I. H. "Mortality from respiratory system cancer in New South Wales and Sydney." Australian Journal of Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 12, 2010): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00063.x.

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4

Supramaniam, Rajah, Hari Grindley, and Lisa Jackson Pulver. "Cancer mortality in Aboriginal people in New South Wales, Australia, 1994-2002." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 30, no. 5 (October 2006): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2006.tb00463.x.

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5

Burnley, I. H. "Stomach cancer mortality in New South Wales and Sydney, 1980 to 1985." Australian Journal of Public Health 15, no. 2 (February 12, 2010): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1991.tb00317.x.

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6

Bell, Jane C., Margaret McCredie, Marylon S. Coates, and Bruce K. Armstrong. "Trends in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in New South Wales, 1973–1992." Medical Journal of Australia 166, no. 4 (February 1997): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1997.tb140070.x.

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7

Burnley, I. H. "Disadvantage and male cancer incidence and mortality in New South Wales 1985–1993." Social Science & Medicine 45, no. 3 (August 1997): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00366-8.

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8

Smith, David, Richard Taylor, and Marylon Coates. "Socioeconomic differentials in cancer incidence and mortality in urban New South Wales, 1987-1991." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 20, no. 2 (April 1996): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1996.tb01806.x.

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9

Smith, Ross C., Nicola Creighton, Reginald V. Lord, Neil D. Merrett, Gregory W. Keogh, Winston S. Liauw, and David C. Currow. "Survival, mortality and morbidity outcomes after oesophagogastric cancer surgery in New South Wales, 2001–2008." Medical Journal of Australia 200, no. 7 (April 2014): 408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja13.11182.

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10

Lee, Margaret, and Peter Gibbs. "Survival, mortality and morbidity outcomes after oesophagogastric cancer surgery in New South Wales, 2001–2008." Medical Journal of Australia 201, no. 8 (October 2014): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja14.00870.

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Creighton, Nicola, Ross C. Smith, and David C. Currow. "Survival, mortality and morbidity outcomes after oesophagogastric cancer surgery in New South Wales, 2001–2008." Medical Journal of Australia 201, no. 8 (October 2014): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja14.00975.

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12

McCredie, M., S. Williams, and M. Coates. "Cancer mortality in East and Southeast Asian migrants to New South Wales, Australia, 1975–1995." British Journal of Cancer 79, no. 7-8 (February 12, 1999): 1277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6690205.

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13

Taylor, Richard, Stephen Morrell, Hassan Mamoon, Gerard Wain, and Jayne Ross. "Decline in Cervical Cancer Incidence and Mortality in New South Wales in Relation to Control Activities (Australia)." Cancer Causes & Control 17, no. 3 (April 2006): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-005-0515-z.

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14

Berry, G. "Silicosis and lung cancer: a mortality study of compensated men with silicosis in New South Wales, Australia." Occupational Medicine 54, no. 6 (August 1, 2004): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqh029.

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15

Rodger, Jennifer C., Rajah Supramaniam, Alison J. Gibberd, David P. Smith, Bruce K. Armstrong, Anthony Dillon, and Dianne L. O'Connell. "Prostate cancer mortality outcomes and patterns of primary treatment for Aboriginal men in New South Wales, Australia." BJU International 115 (April 2015): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bju.12899.

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16

McCredie, Margaret, Sheila Williams, and Marylon Coates. "Cancer mortality in migrants from the British Isles and Continental Europe to New South Wales, Australia, 1975-1995." International Journal of Cancer 83, no. 2 (October 8, 1999): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19991008)83:2<179::aid-ijc6>3.0.co;2-1.

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17

Safi, Nadom, Christobel Saunders, Andrew Hayen, Antoinette Anazodo, Kei Lui, Zhuoyang Li, Marc Remond, Michael Nicholl, Alex Y. Wang, and Elizabeth Sullivan. "Gestational breast cancer in New South Wales: A population-based linkage study of incidence, management, and outcomes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e0245493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245493.

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Background The incidence of gestational breast cancer (GBC) is increasing in high-income countries. Our study aimed to examine the epidemiology, management and outcomes of women with GBC in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Methods A retrospective cohort study using linked data from three NSW datasets. The study group comprised women giving birth with a first-time diagnosis of GBC while the comparison group comprised women giving birth without any type of cancer. Outcome measures included incidence of GBC, maternal morbidities, obstetric management, neonatal mortality, and preterm birth. Results Between 1994 and 2013, 122 women with GBC gave birth in NSW (crude incidence 6.8/ 100,000, 95%CI: 5.6–8.0). Women aged ≥35 years had higher odds of GBC (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 6.09, 95%CI 4.02–9.2) than younger women. Women with GBC were more likely to give birth by labour induction or pre-labour CS compared to women with no cancer (AOR 4.8, 95%CI: 2.96–7.79). Among women who gave birth by labour induction or pre-labour CS, the preterm birth rate was higher for women with GBC than for women with no cancer (52% vs 7%; AOR 17.5, 95%CI: 11.3–27.3). However, among women with GBC, preterm birth rate did not differ significantly by timing of diagnosis or cancer stage. Babies born to women with GBC were more likely to be preterm (AOR 12.93, 95%CI 8.97–18.64), low birthweight (AOR 8.88, 95%CI 5.87–13.43) or admitted to higher care (AOR 3.99, 95%CI 2.76–5.76) than babies born to women with no cancer. Conclusion Women aged ≥35 years are at increased risk of GBC. There is a high rate of preterm birth among women with GBC, which is not associated with timing of diagnosis or cancer stage. Most births followed induction of labour or pre-labour CS, with no major short term neonatal morbidity.

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18

Wang, Wei, Dianne O'Connell, Kirsty Stuart, and John Boyages. "Analysis of 10-year cause-specific mortality of patients with breast cancer treated in New South Wales in 1995." Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology 55, no. 5 (October 2011): 516–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9485.2011.02304.x.

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19

Tong, Shannon, Matthew Warner-Smith, Sarah McGill, David Roder, and David Currow. "Effect of mammography screening and sociodemographic factors on stage of female breast cancer at diagnosis in New South Wales." Australian Health Review 44, no. 6 (2020): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah19124.

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ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to assess the effects of screening through BreastScreen NSW on the stage of cancer at diagnosis, and differences in cancer stage at diagnosis according to sociodemographic factors. MethodsUsing linked BreastScreen NSW screening attendance records and NSW Cancer Registry data, the effects of screening participation and sociodemographic characteristics on stage at diagnosis were investigated using Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance or the Mann–Whitney U-test for the 2002–13 diagnostic period. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate predictors of stage at diagnosis. ResultsThe association between BreastScreen NSW participation and earlier stage at diagnosis was strongest when the last screening episode occurred within 24 months of the cancer diagnosis, with an odds ratio of localised versus non-localised cancer of 1.61 (95% confidence interval 1.51–1.72). Women aged ≥70 years, Aboriginal women, residents of major cities and women living in areas of socioeconomic disadvantage were more likely to have distant than non-distant stage at diagnosis. A trend towards more distant stage in more recent diagnostic years was evident after adjusting for screening participation. ConclusionsThe strongest and most consistent predictor of earlier stage at diagnosis was BreastScreen NSW participation. Continued efforts to increase screening participation are important to achieve earlier stage at diagnosis, particularly for sociodemographic groups with more advanced disease. What is known about the topic?Earlier cancer stage at diagnosis is a prerequisite for mortality reduction from screening. Past research indicated that screening participation in New South Wales (NSW) was strongly associated with early stage at diagnosis and mortality reduction. More contemporary data are needed to monitor screening performance in NSW and assess differences in cancer stage across sociodemographic subgroups. What does this paper add?Using data linkage, this paper indicates associations between screening, sociodemographic factors and stage at diagnosis for the NSW population in 2002–13. Contrary to expectations, major city residents tended to have a lower proportion of early stage breast cancer at diagnosis, which may be indicative of lower screening coverage and barriers to screening. Compared with past research, similar effects of screening and other sociodemographic factors on the stage of breast cancer at diagnosis were observed. This paper compares screening histories across sociodemographic groups, indicating statistically significant differences. What are the implications for practitioners?Increasing screening participation is particularly important for sociodemographic groups who are diagnosed at more advanced stages, including women from lower socioeconomic areas, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and residents of major cities. In particular, the results reinforce the need to further develop targeted strategies to increase screening participation among NSW women from lower socioeconomic areas and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women. Further investigation into screening coverage and barriers to screening for residents in major cities is needed.

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Sara, Grant, Myu Arumuganathan, Wendy Chen, Fred Wu, David Currow, Matthew Large, Cornelis Mulder, Parashar Pravin Ramanuj, and Philip M. Burgess. "Cohort profile: Mental Health Living Longer: a population-wide data linkage to understand and reduce premature mortality in mental health service users in New South Wales, Australia." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e033588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033588.

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PurposeHealth systems must move from recognition to action if we are to address premature mortality in people with mental illness. Population data registers are an essential tool for planning and monitoring improvement efforts. The Mental Health Living Longer (MHLL) programme establishes a population-wide data linkage to support research translation and service reform in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.ParticipantsA total of 8.6 million people who have had contact with NSW public and private health services between July 2001 and June 2018 are currently included in the study. Data include more than 120 million linked records from NSW data collections covering public and private hospital care, emergency departments, ambulance, community mental health services, cancer notifications and care, and death registrations. Linkage is occurring with population-wide breast and cervical cancer screening programmes. Data will be updated 6 monthly.Findings to dateThe cohort includes 970 145 people who have received mental healthcare: 79% have received community mental healthcare, 35% a general hospital admission with a primary mental health diagnosis and 25% have received specialist mental health inpatient care. The most frequent pattern of care is receipt of community mental healthcare only (50%). The median age of the mental health cohort is 34 years, and three-quarters are younger than 53 years. Eleven per cent of the mental health cohort had died during the observation period. Their median age at death was 69 years, which was younger than the median age at death for people accessing other health services.Future plansThe MHLL programme will examine (i) all-cause mortality, (ii) suicide, (iii) cancer mortality and (iv) medical mortality. Within each theme, the programme will quantify the problem in mental health service users compared with the NSW population, describe the people most affected, describe the care received, identify predictors of premature mortality, and identify variation and opportunities for change.

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21

Reeders, Jocelyn, Vivek Ashoka Menon, Anita Mani, and Mathew George. "Clinical Profiles and Survival Outcomes of Patients With Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors at a Health Network in New South Wales, Australia: Retrospective Study." JMIR Cancer 5, no. 2 (November 20, 2019): e12849. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/12849.

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Background Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with varying and often indolent clinicobiological characteristics according to their primary location. NETs can affect any organ and hence present with nonspecific symptoms that can lead to a delay in diagnosis. The incidence of NETs is increasing in Australia; data regarding characteristics of NETs were collected from the cancer registry of Hunter New England, Australia. Objective This study aimed to explore the clinical profiles and treatment and survival outcomes of patients with well-differentiated NETs in an Australian population. Methods We reviewed the data of all adult patients who received the diagnosis of NET between 2008 and 2013. The clinicopathological, treatment, and follow-up data were extracted from the local Cancer Clinical Registry. We also recorded the level of remoteness for each patient by matching the patient’s residential postcode to the corresponding Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011 remoteness area category. Univariate analysis was used to find the factors associated with NET-related mortality. Survival analysis was computed. Results Data from 96 patients were included in the study (men: 37/96, 38.5%, and women: 59/96, 61.5%). The median age at diagnosis was approximately 63 years. A higher proportion of patients lived in remote/rural areas (50/96, 52.1%) compared with those living in city/metropolitan regions (46/96, 47.9%). The most common primary tumor site was the gastroenteropancreatic tract, followed by the lung. The factors significantly associated with NET-related mortality were age, primary tumor site, surgical resection status, tumor grade, and clinical stage of the patient. At 5 years, the overall survival rate was found to be 62%, and the disease-free survival rate was 56.5%. Conclusions Older age, advanced unresectable tumors, evidence of metastasis, and higher-grade tumors were associated with poorer outcomes. Lung tumors had a higher risk of NET-related mortality compared with other sites.

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22

Peacock, Amy, Vivian Chiu, Janni Leung, Timothy Dobbins, Sarah Larney, Natasa Gisev, Sallie-Anne Pearson, and Louisa Degenhardt. "Protocol for the Data-Linkage Alcohol Cohort Study (DACS): investigating mortality, morbidity and offending among people with an alcohol-related problem using linked administrative data." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e030605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030605.

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IntroductionThe aims of this program of research are to use linked health and law enforcement data to describe individuals presenting to emergency and inpatient healthcare services with an acute alcohol harm or problematic alcohol use; measure their health service utilisation and law enforcement engagement; and quantify morbidity, mortality, offending and incarceration.Methods and analysisWe will assemble a retrospective cohort of people presenting to emergency departments and/or admitted to hospitals between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2014 in New South Wales, Australia with a diagnosis denoting an acute alcohol harm or problematic alcohol use. We will link these data with records from other healthcare services (eg, community-based mental healthcare data, cancer registry), mortality, offending and incarceration data sets. The four overarching areas for analysis comprise: (1) describing the characteristics of the cohort at their first point of contact with emergency and inpatient hospital services in the study period with a diagnosis indicating an acute alcohol harm and/or problematic alcohol use; (2) quantifying health service utilisation and law enforcement engagement; (3) quantifying rates of mortality, morbidity, offending and incarceration; and (4) assessing predictors (eg, age, sex) of mortality, morbidity, offending and incarceration among this cohort.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been provided by the New South Wales Population and Health Services Research Ethics Committee. We will report our findings in accordance with the REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely collected health Data (RECORD) statement and Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER) where appropriate. We will publish data in tabular, aggregate forms only. We will not disclose individual results. We will disseminate project findings at scientific conferences and in peer-reviewed journals. We will aim to present findings to relevant stakeholders (eg, addiction medicine and emergency medicine specialists, policy makers) to maximise translational impact of research findings.

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Taylor, R. J. "Effects of screening on cervical cancer incidence and mortality in New South Wales implied by influences of period of diagnosis and birth cohort." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 55, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 782–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.55.11.782.

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24

Luo, Lan, Wei Du, Shanley Chong, Huibo Ji, and Nicholas Glasgow. "Patterns of comorbidities in hospitalised cancer survivors for palliative care and associated in-hospital mortality risk: A latent class analysis of a statewide all-inclusive inpatient data." Palliative Medicine 33, no. 10 (July 12, 2019): 1272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216319860705.

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Background: At the end of life, cancer survivors often experience exacerbations of complex comorbidities requiring acute hospital care. Few studies consider comorbidity patterns in cancer survivors receiving palliative care. Aim: To identify patterns of comorbidities in cancer patients receiving palliative care and factors associated with in-hospital mortality risk. Design, Setting/Participants: New South Wales Admitted Patient Data Collection data were used for this retrospective cohort study with 47,265 cancer patients receiving palliative care during the period financial year 2001–2013. A latent class analysis was used to identify complex comorbidity patterns. A regression mixture model was used to identify risk factors in relation to in-hospital mortality in different latent classes. Results: Five comorbidity patterns were identified: ‘multiple comorbidities and symptoms’ (comprising 9.1% of the study population), ‘more symptoms’ (27.1%), ‘few comorbidities’ (39.4%), ‘genitourinary and infection’ (8.7%), and ‘circulatory and endocrine’ (15.6%). In-hospital mortality was the highest for ‘few comorbidities’ group and the lowest for ‘more symptoms’ group. Severe comorbidities were associated with elevated mortality in patients from ‘multiple comorbidities and symptoms’, ‘more symptoms’, and ‘genitourinary and infection’ groups. Intensive care was associated with a 37% increased risk of in-hospital deaths in those presenting with more ‘multiple comorbidities and symptoms’, but with a 22% risk reduction in those presenting with ‘more symptoms’. Conclusion: Identification of comorbidity patterns and risk factors for in-hospital deaths in cancer patients provides an avenue to further develop appropriate palliative care strategies aimed at improving outcomes in cancer survivors.

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Lee, C. K., L. Browne, P. Bastick, and W. Liauw. "Women from non-English speaking backgrounds living in Australia present with later stage breast cancer: A population study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 17043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.17043.

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17043 Background: Ethnicity may influence both the incidence and prognosis of breast cancer. We have conducted an analysis to determine if women from non-English speaking backgrounds (NESB) living in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, present with later stage breast cancer compared to women from English speaking backgrounds (ESB); and to determine whether there is an impact on their survival. Methods: Data from the NSW Cancer Registry (1980 to 2004) was used to identify women with their first presentation of breast cancer. Stage of breast cancer was classified as early (insitu or localized) versus late (regional nodal or distant metastatic spread) according to registry definitions. Country of birth was used as a surrogate for language status. Stage at diagnosis was compared between ESB versus NESB women. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds of late stage disease and Cox regression to determine survival outcomes Results: 60,676 of 75,583 cases were considered suitable for analysis. Of these 16.64% were NESB. Accounting for potential confounding variables, NESB women were more likely to have late stage disease than ESB women (OR= 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.17). Analysis by geographical region of birth revealed women born in Middle Eastern region were most likely to have late stage disease at presentation (OR 1.41; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.60). In multivariable analysis of all-cause mortality NESB women had a superior overall survival (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.87 to 0.94) compared to ESB women, however, there was no difference in breast cancer specific survival between these groups by univariate analysis (logrank p=0.46). Conclusions: In New South Wales, Australia, NESB women have a delayed presentation with breast cancer as indicted by more advanced stage. However, stage-adjusted, breast cancer specific survival in NESB women is similar to the ESB women. Further studies are required to determine the reasons for delayed detection for NESB women. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Jamal, Javeria, Freya MacMillan, and Kate A. McBride. "Barriers and Facilitators of Breast Cancer Screening amongst Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Women in South Western Sydney: A Qualitative Explorative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 9129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179129.

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Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer amongst Australian women and the second most common cause of cancer mortality. Despite the proven effectiveness of early intervention, screening rates remain subpar across many regions in New South Wales (NSW). Screening rates are particularly low within the culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) area of South Western Sydney (SWS). The objective of this study was to qualitatively explore barriers and facilitators to breast screening from the perspectives of CALD women from SWS. CALD women aged ≥40 who resided in SWS were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview to explore barriers and facilitators to breast cancer screening. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically to identify recurring patterns in the data. Sixteen women from CALD backgrounds participated. Women in this study reported absence of symptoms, fatalistic beliefs and embarrassment during the procedure to be the primary reasons for reluctance to screen. Lack of general practitioner (GP) endorsement, transport issues and pain associated with the procedure were also reported as additional barriers to screening. Common facilitators to screening included encouragement from family and friends, family history of cancer and media adverts. CALD women have distinctive barriers to mammography, which lead to poor breast screening participation rates. Opportunistic health promotion in this area is warranted and may lead to better health outcomes amongst this population.

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Roder, David, Nicola Creighton, Deborah Baker, Richard Walton, Sanchia Aranda, and David Currow. "Changing roles of population-based cancer registries in Australia." Australian Health Review 39, no. 4 (2015): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14250.

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Registries have key roles in cancer incidence, mortality and survival monitoring and in showing disparities across the population. Incidence monitoring began in New South Wales in 1972 and other jurisdictions soon followed. Registry data are used to evaluate outcomes of preventive, screening, treatment and support services. They have shown decreases in cancer incidence following interventions and have been used for workforce and other infrastructure planning. Crude markers of optimal radiotherapy and chemotherapy exist and registry data are used to show shortfalls against these markers. The data are also used to investigate cancer clusters and environmental concerns. Survival data are used to assess service performance and interval cancer data are used in screening accreditation. Registries enable determination of risk of multiple primary cancers. Clinical quality registries are used for clinical quality improvement. Population-based cancer registries and linked administrative data complement clinical registries by providing high-level system-wide data. The USA Commission on Cancer has long used registries for quality assurance and service accreditation. Increasingly population-based registry data in Australia are linked with administrative data on service delivery to assess system performance. Addition of tumour stage and other prognostic indicators is important for these analyses and is facilitated by the roll-out of structured pathology reporting. Data linkage with administrative data, following checks on the quality of these data, enables assessment of patterns of care and other performance indicators for health-system monitoring. Australian cancer registries have evolved and increasingly are contributing to broader information networks for health system management.

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Protani, Melinda M., Susan J. Jordan, Bradley J. Kendall, Dan Siskind, David Lawrence, Grant Sara, Lisa Brophy, and Steve Kisely. "Colorectal cancer Outcomes in people with Severe Mental Illness Cohort (COSMIC): a protocol for an Australian retrospective cohort using linked administrative data." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (June 2021): e044737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044737.

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IntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) mortality is significantly higher in those with severe mental illness (SMI) compared with the general population, despite similar incidence rates, suggesting that barriers to optimal screening and cancer care may contribute to disparities in CRC mortality in those with SMI. This study aims to compare participation in Australia’s National Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (NBCSP) in those with SMI and those in the general population. We will also investigate treatment pathways after diagnosis to determine whether treatment variations could explain differences in CRC mortality.Methods and analysisWe will undertake a retrospective cohort study of Australians using linked administrative data to assess differences in screening and cancer care between those with and without SMI, aged 50–74 years on or after 1 January 2006. People with SMI will be defined using antipsychotic medication prescription data. The comparison group will be people enrolled in Medicare (Australia’s universal healthcare system) who have not been prescribed antipsychotic medication. Data on outcomes (NBCSP participation, follow-up colonoscopy, CRC incidence and CRC-cause and all-cause mortality) and confounders will be obtained from national-based and state-based administrative health datasets. All people in New South Wales, aged 50–74 with a new diagnosis of CRC on or after 1 January 2006, will be ascertained to examine stage at diagnosis and cancer treatment in those with and without SMI. Poisson regression will be used to calculate incidence rates and rate ratios for each outcome.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the University of Queensland Human Research Ethics Committee, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Ethics Committee and data custodians from every Australian State/Territory. Findings will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals and presented at appropriate conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12620000781943.

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Furuya-Kanamori, Luis, Art Sedrakyan, Adedayo A. Onitilo, Nasser Bagheri, Paul Glasziou, and Suhail A. R. Doi. "Differentiated thyroid cancer: millions spent with no tangible gain?" Endocrine-Related Cancer 25, no. 1 (January 2018): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-17-0397.

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The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has rapidly increased worldwide over the last decades. It is unknown if the increase in diagnosis has been mirrored by an increase in thyroidectomy rates with the concomitant economic impact that this would have on the health care system. DTC and thyroidectomy incidence as well as DTC-specific mortality were modeled using Poisson regression in New South Wales (NSW), Australia per year and by sex. The incidence of 2002 was the point from which the increase in rates was assessed cumulatively over the subsequent decade. The economic burden of potentially avoidable thyroidectomies due to the increase in diagnosis was estimated as the product of the additional thyroidectomy procedures during a decade attributable to rates beyond those reported for 2002 and the national average hospital cost of an uncomplicated thyroidectomy in Australia. The following results were obtained. The incidence of both DTC and thyroidectomy doubled in NSW between 2003 and 2012, while the DTC-specific mortality rate remained unchanged over the same period. Based on the 2002 incidence, the projected increase over 10 years (2003–2012) in thyroidectomy procedures was 2196. This translates to an extra cost burden of over AUD$ 18,600,000 in surgery-related health care expenditure over one decade in NSW. Our findings suggest that, if this rise is solely attributable to overdetection, then the rising expenditure serves no additional purpose. Reducing unnecessary detection and a conservative approach to managing DTC are sensible and would lead to millions of dollars in savings and reduced harms to patients.

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Joshy, Grace, Emily Banks, Anthony Lowe, Rory Wolfe, Leonie Tickle, Bruce Armstrong, and Mark Clements. "Predicting 7-year mortality for use with evidence-based guidelines for Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) testing: findings from a large prospective study of 123 697 Australian men." BMJ Open 8, no. 12 (December 2018): e022613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022613.

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ObjectivesTo develop and validate a prediction model for short-term mortality in Australian men aged ≥45years, using age and self-reported health variables, for use when implementing the Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines for Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Testing and Early Management of Test-Detected Prostate Cancer. Implementation of one of the Guideline recommendations requires an estimate of 7-year mortality.DesignProspective cohort study using questionnaire data linked to mortality data.SettingMen aged ≥45years randomly sampled from the general population of New South Wales, Australia, participating in the 45 and Up Study.Participants123 697 men who completed the baseline postal questionnaire (distributed from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2008) and gave informed consent for follow-up through linkage of their data to population health databases.Primary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was all-cause mortality.Results12 160 died during follow-up (median=5.9 years). Following age-adjustment, self-reported health was the strongest predictor of all-cause mortality (C-index: 0.827; 95% CI 0.824 to 0.831). Three prediction models for all-cause mortality were validated, with predictors: Model-1: age group and self-rated health; Model-2: variables common to the 45 and Up Study and the Australian Health Survey and subselected using stepwise regression and Model-3: all variables selected using stepwise regression. Final predictions calibrated well with observed all-cause mortality rates. The 90th percentile for the 7-year mortality risks ranged from 1.92% to 83.94% for ages 45–85 years.ConclusionsWe developed prediction scores for short-term mortality using age and self-reported health measures and validated the scores against national mortality rates. Along with age, simple measures such as self-rated health, which can be easily obtained without physical examination, were strong predictors of all-cause mortality in the 45 and Up Study. Seven-year mortality risk estimates from Model-3 suggest that the impact of the mortality risk prediction tool on men’s decision making would be small in the recommended age (50–69 years) for PSA testing, but it may discourage testing at older ages.

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Johnston, Amy, Nicola Creighton, Jonathon Parkinson, Eng-Siew Koh, Helen Wheeler, Elizabeth Hovey, Michael Rodriguez, and David C. Currow. "Ongoing improvements in postoperative survival of glioblastoma in the temozolomide era: a population-based data linkage study." Neuro-Oncology Practice 7, no. 1 (July 6, 2019): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nop/npz021.

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Abstract Background Translating outcomes achieved by clinical trials into routine care is crucial to improving outcomes of glioblastoma (GBM). This study examines the extent to which an advance in treatment for GBM has translated into meaningful, population-level survival benefits in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Methods This retrospective cohort study used linked population-based cancer registry, admitted patient, and mortality datasets. The cohort (n = 2604) included NSW residents aged ≥18 years with a histologically confirmed GBM and a surgical resection between July 2001 and December 2012. The study outcome was all-cause survival, examined using multivariable proportional hazard models. The main study factor was period of surgery, categorized into 4 periods corresponding to different eras in temozolomide (TMZ) use. Survival was examined over time by age (≤70 and >70 years) and for a subcohort selected to approximate the seminal European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (Stupp) protocol trial cohort. TMZ use was estimated using aggregate prescription claims data. Results Median survival in 2001-2003, 2004-2006, 2007-2009, and 2010-2012 was 7.4, 9.0, 9.8, and 10.6 months, and risk-adjusted 2-year survival was 8.2%, 13.8%, 15.5%, and 18.3%, respectively. Survival improved for those aged ≤70 years and those aged >70 years. In the proxy trial subcohort, median and 2-year survival were 14.3 months and 27.3%, respectively. The volume of TMZ prescribed annually increased rapidly from 2005. Conclusions Introduction of TMZ into standard care in 2005 coincided with improvements in survival and a rapid increase in TMZ prescribing. Optimization of care has continued to improve survival of people with GBM in subsequent years.

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HOLLAND, R. "ANAESTHETIC MORTALITY IN NEW SOUTH WALES." British Journal of Anaesthesia 59, no. 7 (July 1987): 834–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/59.7.834.

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Vedi, Aditi, Richard Mitchell, Cecelia Oswald, Glenn M. Marshall, Toby Trahair, and David S. Ziegler. "Increased Use of Allogeneic Transplant in CR2 Improves the Outcome for Children with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 2521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.2521.2521.

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Abstract Improvements in Outcome for Paediatric de novo Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Aditi Vedi1,2, Richard Mitchell1, Cecelia Oswald1, Glenn Marshall1,2, Toby Trahair1, David S Ziegler1,2 1Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney ChildrenÕs Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia, 2 School of Women and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia ABSTRACT The treatment for paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has not changed significantly over the past 3 decades, yet outcomes have improved with cure rates increasing from 30% to over 50% of all newly diagnosed children over this period. This improvement in survival has been attributed to both treatment intensification and improved supportive care over the decades, although the precise impact of each remains unknown. Our group has retrospectively analysed a unique cohort of patients with de novo AML diagnosed in childhood (n=276), all treated with the same chemotherapy protocol over a 25-year period from 1986-2012. The contemporary cohort (2000-12), compared to historical cohorts (1986-99) had significantly improved overall survival (OS, 75% vs. 50%, p = 0.01), lower disease related mortality (38% vs. 19%, p = 0.02) and were significantly more likely to receive allogeneic transplant after relapse (SCT, 73% vs. 12%, p <0.0001). Allogeneic transplant post relapse was associated with a significantly improved survival across the entire cohort (OS 50% for allogeneic SCT vs. 12% for autologous or none, p<0.0001). There was no significant difference between the contemporary and historical cohorts in treatment related mortality (13% vs. 7%, p = 0.42) or relapse rates after induction (50% in older cohort vs. 40% in recent era, p=0.25), suggesting consistency of induction treatment efficacy and toxicity across the two periods. This data suggests improved survival in paediatric AML in the modern era has predominantly resulted from increased use of allogeneic SCT after relapse rather than from improved supportive care and is independent of chemotherapy intensification. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Razali, K., J. Amin, GJ Dore, MG Law, and HCV Projections Working Group. "Modelling and calibration of the hepatitis C epidemic in Australia." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 18, no. 3 (November 26, 2008): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280208094689.

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Australia is predominantly transmitted through injecting drug use. A reduction in the heroin supply in Australia in late 2000 and early 2001 may have impacted the number of injecting drug users (IDUs) and the number of new hepatitis C infections. This paper updates estimates of HCV incidence between 1960 and 2005 and models long-term sequelae from infection. Outcomes among those with HCV were also recently assessed in a linkage study assessing cancer and causes of death following HCV diagnosis in New South Wales. Linkage study outcomes have been used here to calibrate modelled outcomes. Mathematical models were used to estimate HCV incidence among IDUs, migrants to Australia from high HCV-prevalence countries, and other HCV exposure groups. Recent trends in numbers of IDUs were based on indicators of injecting drug use. A natural history of HCV model was applied to estimate the prevalence of HCV in the population. Model predicted endpoints that were calibrated against the NSW linkage data over the period 1995—2002 were: (i) incident hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); (ii) opioid overdose deaths; (iii) liver-related deaths; and (iv) all-cause mortality. Modelled estimates and the linkage data show reasonably good calibration for HCC cases and all-cause mortality. The estimated HCC incidence was increased from 70 cases in 1995 to 100 cases in 2002. All-cause mortality estimated at 1000 in 1995 increased to 1600 in 2002. Comparison of annual opioid deaths shows some agreement. However, the models underestimate the rate of increase observed between 1995 and 1999 and do not entirely capture the rapid decrease in overdose deaths from 2000 onwards. The linkage data showed a peak of overdose deaths at 430 in 1999 compared to 320 estimated by the models. Comparison of observed liver deaths with the modelled numbers showed poor agreement. A good agreement would require an increase in liver deaths from the assumed 2 to 5% per annum following cirrhosis in the models. Mathematical models suggest that HCV incidence decreased from a peak of 14,000 infections in 1999 to 9700 infections in 2005, largely attributable to a reduction in injecting drug use. The poor agreement between projected and linked liver deaths could reflect differing coding of causes of deaths, underestimates of the numbers of people with cirrhosis following HCV, or underestimates of rates of liver death following cirrhosis. The reasonably good agreement between most of the modelled estimates with observed linkage data provides some support for the assumptions used in the models.

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Vormfelde, Stefan V., and Wolfgang Poser. "Mortality associated with New South Wales methadone programs." Medical Journal of Australia 171, no. 8 (October 1999): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1999.tb123729.x.

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Caplehorn, John R. M., and Olaf H. Drummer. "Mortality associated with New South Wales methadone programs." Medical Journal of Australia 171, no. 8 (October 1999): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1999.tb123730.x.

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Wodak, Alex. "Mortality associated with New South Wales methadone programs." Medical Journal of Australia 171, no. 8 (October 1999): 442–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1999.tb123731.x.

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Harris, Ian, Aman Madan, Justine Naylor, and Shanley Chong. "Mortality rates after surgery in New South Wales." ANZ Journal of Surgery 82, no. 12 (October 22, 2012): 871–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.2012.06319.x.

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Murray Walker, D. "Oral cancer in New South Wales." New South Wales Public Health Bulletin 10, no. 8 (1999): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/nb99044.

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McCredie, Margaret, Marylon Coates, and Richard Taylor. "Lung cancer in New South Wales." Lung Cancer 7 (January 1991): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5002(91)91365-i.

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McCredie, Margaret, Marylon Coates, Tim Churches, and Richard Taylor. "Cancer incidence in New South Wales, Australia." European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology 27, no. 7 (July 1991): 928–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5379(91)90149-8.

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McCredie, Margaret, Marylon Coates, and Richard Taylor. "Mesothelioma in New South Wales." Lung Cancer 7 (January 1991): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5002(91)91969-i.

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Christie, David G. S., Anthony M. Brown, Richard J. Taylor, Margaret A. Seccombe, and Marylon S. Coates. "Mortality in the New South Wales coal industry, 1973‐1992." Medical Journal of Australia 163, no. 1 (July 1995): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb126082.x.

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Warden, John C., Christopher L. Borton, and Brian F. Horan. "Mortality associated with anaesthesia in New South Wales, 1984‐1990." Medical Journal of Australia 161, no. 10 (November 1994): 585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127636.x.

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WARDEN, J. C., C. L. BORTON, and B. F. HORAN. "Mortality associated with anaesthesia in New South Wales, 1984?1990." Pediatric Anesthesia 5, no. 4 (July 1995): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.1995.tb00288.x.

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McCredie, Margaret, Marylon S. Coates, and Joyce M. Ford. "Cancer incidence in migrants to new south wales." International Journal of Cancer 46, no. 2 (August 15, 1990): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910460214.

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Robertson, S. M., M. A. Friend, and B. J. King. "Mild congenital goitre increases lamb mortality in southern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 7 (2008): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08005.

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Congenital goitre, symptomatic of iodine deficiency, can be associated with elevated levels of lamb mortality. This study details an outbreak east of Wagga Wagga in southern NSW, where goitre has previously not been documented. Measurements were taken on flocks at two sites near Ladysmith. Up to 82% of dead lambs had thyroid : weight ratios of more than 0.4 g/kg bodyweight, potentially large enough to affect survival. Up to 16% of lambs surviving to marking had enlarged thyroids (i.e. estimated by palpation). Lambs with enlarged thyroids may be more prone to dystocia, with ewes requiring assistance at delivery. Sex and birthweight were not related to thyroid size, but of lambs surviving to marking, a greater proportion of Merino than crossbred lambs had enlarged thyroids. At the second site, growth rate from birth to marking but not to weaning was reduced in lambs with higher thyroid scores. The high incidence of goitre in these flocks suggests that iodine deficiency may be an important factor in lamb mortality in some years in this region, but is unlikely to be detected due to the relatively small degree of thyroid enlargement.

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Sturgess, Gary L., Sara Rahman, and George Argyrous. "Convict Transportation to New South Wales, 1787-1849: Mortality Rates Reconsidered." Australian Economic History Review 58, no. 1 (August 6, 2017): 62–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aehr.12137.

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Rankin, Nicole M., Jennifer A. Barron, Lisbeth G. Lane, Catherine A. Mason, Sue Sinclair, and James F. Bishop. "Psychosocial oncology services in New South Wales." Australian Health Review 35, no. 2 (2011): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah08730.

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There is limited published evidence about how psychosocial services should be organised or routinely integrated into cancer services to ensure that cancer patients receive appropriate psychological, social and emotional support during periods of diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. This paper reports on a survey of 26 oncology services in New South Wales, Australia, to examine the current provision of psychosocial oncology services. The aim of the study was to gather baseline data and information about the provision of services and to identify significant challenges associated with the development and implementation of psychosocial oncology services. A total of 42% of staff at psycho-oncology services reported they could provide adequate psycho-oncology services, but 58% of sites said they could provide either only limited (27%) or very limited (31%) services. We found that services frequently identified challenges such as insufficient funding to employ skilled staff to provide psychosocial interventions, inadequate data to demonstrate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions and, at times, lack of space to allow privacy for patient consultations. Future needs identified were strategic planning of psychosocial oncology services as part of broader cancer service plans, leadership of psychosocial oncology services, cohesive teams using agreed patient pathways or tools and integration into multi-disciplinary cancer teams. What is known about the topic? Psychosocial oncology services provide vital psychological interventions and social programs that can significantly improve patients’ adjustment to the experience of cancer. Limited evidence from other countries suggests there are significant challenges in developing and delivering quality, evidence-based psychosocial oncology services in a coordinated, cohesive and timely manner. Little is known about these services in the Australian context or the challenges they face. What does this paper add? This paper presents baseline information about the structure of psychosocial oncology services in NSW and identifies the significant challenges faced by these services. It describes these challenges with regard to service structures, availability and provision of services, screening for patient distress, strategic planning and funding, leadership and delivery-focussed issues. What are the implications for practitioners? There is a need for strategic planning of psychosocial oncology services as part of broader cancer service plans. Identified leadership of psychosocial oncology services and cohesive psychosocial teams that use agreed patient pathways or tools would be greatly beneficial, as would integration of psychosocial staff into multi-disciplinary teams. The findings may enhance quality improvement efforts in the development and delivery of psychosocial support for cancer patients, their families and carers.

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McCredie, M., M. S. Coates, and J. M. Ford. "Cancer incidence in European migrants to New South Wales." Annals of Oncology 1, no. 3 (1990): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a057725.

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